Dynamic variable fertilization seeding device and variable fertilization seeding method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a seeding device for dynamic variable rate fertilization and a variable rate fertilization seeding method thereof, and the seeding device comprises a walking mechanism on which a seeding mechanism and a fertilization mechanism are loaded; the seeding mechanism comprises a seeding wheel, and a plurality of grooves for receiving seeds are annularly and uniformly formed in the wheel surface of the seeding wheel; the fertilizing mechanism comprises a fertilizing wheel, and a plurality of grooves for receiving fertilizer are uniformly distributed in the wheel surface of the fertilizing wheel in the circumferential direction; wheel shafts of the sowing wheel and the fertilizing wheel are connected with a walking wheel rotating shaft of the walking mechanism through a transmission mechanism, when the grooves rotate to the upper side, the corresponding grooves can be filled with seeds or fertilizer falling by gravity, and when the grooves rotate to the lower side, the seeds or fertilizer in the grooves can fall by means of self weight to complete sowing; and the plurality of grooves in the fertilizing wheel can be independently dormant. According to the invention, on the premise of different seeding types and seeding densities, the fertilizing amount can be dynamically adjusted according to the land fertility distribution condition, and high-precision variable fertilization is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a dynamic variable fertilization sowing device and a variable fertilization sowing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] When sowing, it is usually necessary to apply seed fertilizer. Conventionally, manual fertilization mainly relies on experience to control the amount of fertilizer, while mechanical fertilization adopts a quantitative and uniform sowing method. However, due to the long-term cultivation of the land, different plots may be used to grow different crops, and uneven fertilization when applying base fertilizer, and the return of organic fertilizer or straw to the field may lead to uneven distribution of soil fertility. Simply relying on experience or uniform sowing may cause local crops to suffer from fertilizer damage due to excess fertility, or cause crops to develop poorly due to lack of fertility, affecting the final crop yield. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a dynamic variable fertilization sowing device and a variable fertilization sowing method thereof, which can dynamically adjust the amount of fertilizer according to the soil fertility distribution under the premise of different sowing types and sowing densities, thereby achieving high-precision variable fertilization.

[0004] Technical solution: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a dynamic variable fertilization sowing device and a variable fertilization sowing method, comprising a walking mechanism on which a sowing mechanism and a fertilizing mechanism are mounted;

[0005] The sowing mechanism includes a sowing wheel, on which a plurality of grooves for receiving seeds are evenly distributed in an circumferential direction; the fertilizing mechanism includes a fertilizing wheel, on which a plurality of grooves for receiving fertilizers are evenly distributed in an circumferential direction;

[0006] The axles of both the seeding wheel and the fertilizer wheel are connected to the walking wheel shaft of the walking mechanism through a transmission mechanism. When the grooves rotate to the upper side, the seeds or fertilizers falling by gravity can fill the corresponding grooves. When the grooves rotate to the lower side, the seeds or fertilizers in the grooves can fall by their own weight to complete sowing; the multiple grooves on the fertilizer wheel can all be dormant individually.

[0007] Furthermore, the groove on the fertilizing wheel is a fertilizer trough, and a first adjustment block is slidably fitted in the fertilizer trough. The first adjustment block slides axially along the fertilizing wheel, and can change the axial length of the fertilizer trough, so that the volume of the fertilizer trough increases or decreases, and sleep is achieved when the volume is reduced to 0.

[0008] Furthermore, the groove on the seeding wheel is a seed groove, and a second adjustment block is slidably fitted in the seed groove. The second adjustment block slides along the axial direction of the seeding wheel, and can change the axial length of the seed groove, so that the volume of the seed groove increases or decreases; multiple second adjustment blocks slide synchronously.

[0009] Furthermore, each of the first adjustment blocks is connected to the reference member via a corresponding sliding drive member, and the sliding drive member can drive the corresponding first adjustment block to move closer to or farther from the reference member; the reference member is slidably mounted on the rotating shaft of the fertilizer wheel so that it can slide along the axial direction of the fertilizer wheel;

[0010] The plurality of second adjustment blocks are all fixedly connected to the end plate, and the end plate is slidably mounted on the rotating shaft of the seeding wheel so as to be able to slide along the axial direction of the seeding wheel;

[0011] The reference part and the end plate are driven to slide by the adjustment assembly so that the two slide synchronously and in the same direction.

[0012] Furthermore, the adjustment assembly includes a push block, which is located between the reference part and the end plate. The push block can slide along the axial direction of both the fertilizing wheel and the seeding wheel, and when sliding to any position, it can generate opposite axial support forces on the reference part and the end plate respectively, so as to constrain the axial spacing between the reference part and the end plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the reference member and the push block are arranged separately, and when the push block slides away from the fertilizing wheel, an axial thrust is generated on the reference member; the reference member and the fertilizing wheel are connected by a first elastic member, and the first elastic member can generate an axial pulling force on the reference member.

[0014] Furthermore, the push block can accelerate away from the reference part, so that the reference part approaches the fertilizing wheel under the pulling force of the first elastic part, which can drive the first adjustment block to slide and impact the granular fertilizer in the fertilizer trough, and push part of the fertilizer upward out of the fertilizer trough.

[0015] Furthermore, a second elastic member is sandwiched between the end plate and the end surface of the seeding wheel, and the second elastic member can form an axial thrust on the end plate.

[0016] Furthermore, the push block is provided with a push rod for forming an axial support force on the reference part. The end of the push rod in contact with the reference part can be axially telescopically adjusted relative to the push block to adjust the axial distance between the reference part and the end plate.

[0017] Further, the following steps are included:

[0018] Step I: Adjust the axial spacing L between the reference member and the end plate according to the type of sowing. Specifically, first, preset the corresponding sowing amount and the corresponding theoretical fertilizer amount based on the average fertility of the plot and the sowing spacing, and convert them into the corresponding seed occupied volume N and the corresponding fertilizer occupied volume M, respectively, and calculate the theoretical length l1 of the seed trough and the theoretical length l2 of the fertilizer trough;

[0019] l1=(N / v1)*l0, l2=(M / v2)*l0;

[0020] Wherein, l0 is the unit length, v1 is the volume corresponding to the seed tank per unit length, and v2 is the volume corresponding to the fertilizer tank per unit length; then L = L0 + (l2 - l1), where L0 is the axial distance between the reference member and the end plate in the initial state. In the initial state, the lengths of the plurality of sliding drive members are all at the middle value of their own length adjustment ranges, and the end surfaces of the plurality of first adjustment blocks are flush with the end surfaces of the plurality of second adjustment blocks;

[0021] Step II: Slide the push block so that the length of the seed trough is l and the length of the fertilizer trough is l:

[0022] Step III: Execute the sowing and fertilizing tasks along the preset trajectory. During the sowing process, the sowing wheel and the fertilizing wheel rotate synchronously with the traveling wheel, and the lengths of the multiple seed slots are dynamically adjusted according to the actual soil fertility distribution.

[0023] Specifically, the preset sowing trajectory is divided into multiple sections according to the preset sowing spacing, and the fertilization at each node is completed by a corresponding fertilizer trough; the actual fertility at multiple nodes is measured and recorded, and then the difference between the actual fertility at multiple nodes and the average fertility of the plot is calculated, and according to the positive and negative and size of each of the differences, the sliding direction and sliding amount Δl of the first adjustment block in the fertilizer trough corresponding to each node are judged or calculated, and the corresponding sliding drive component performs the adjustment action according to the obtained sliding direction and sliding amount Δl, and multiple sliding drive components are periodically adjusted in sequence to realize dynamic variable fertilization during the sowing process.

[0024] Beneficial effects: The dynamic variable fertilization sowing device and the variable fertilization sowing method of the present invention have at least the following advantages:

[0025] 1. By connecting the sowing wheel and the fertilizing wheel with the walking wheel, the uniform distribution of the sowing and fertilizing points in the field is ensured.

[0026] 2. The volume of each fertilizer trough of the fertilization wheel can be adjusted individually, so that the amount of fertilizer can be dynamically adjusted according to the distribution of soil fertility while keeping the sowing type and sowing density unchanged.

[0027] 3. The volume sizes of the multiple seed troughs of the seeding wheel can be adjusted synchronously, and the seeding density can be appropriately adjusted according to the increase or decrease in the overall fertility of the land between adjacent plots. The volume sizes of the multiple fertilizer troughs of the fertilizing wheel can be adjusted synchronously with the volume size of the seeding wheel, so that the amount of fertilizer can be increased or decreased accordingly after the seeding density is adjusted. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the seeding device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the sowing mechanism and the fertilizing mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] As attached Figure 1-2 The dynamic variable fertilization sowing device and the variable fertilization sowing method thereof include a walking mechanism 1 on which a sowing mechanism 2 and a fertilizing mechanism 3 are mounted;

[0032] The sowing mechanism 2 includes a sowing wheel 21, on the surface of which a plurality of grooves for receiving seeds are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; the fertilizing mechanism 3 includes a fertilizing wheel 31, on the surface of which a plurality of grooves for receiving fertilizers are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; the sowing mechanism 2 and the fertilizing mechanism 3 are both provided with a storage bin for loading seeds or fertilizers, and a feeding port is provided at the bottom of the storage bin, and the sowing wheel 21 and the fertilizing wheel 31 are respectively located below the corresponding feeding port, and the outer sides of the sowing wheel 21 and the fertilizing wheel 31 are covered with a protective shell, and the grooves on the sowing wheel 21 and the fertilizing wheel 31 can correspond to the feeding port one by one when the two rotate.

[0033] The axles of the sowing wheel 21 and the fertilizing wheel 31 are both connected to the walking wheel shaft of the walking mechanism 1 through the transmission mechanism 4, so that the walking speed of the walking mechanism does not affect the spacing between sowing and fertilizing, that is, the faster it walks, the faster the sowing and fertilizing speed.

[0034] When the groove is rotated to the upper side, the seeds or fertilizers falling by gravity can fill the groove corresponding to the feeding port. When the groove is rotated to the lower side, the seeds or fertilizers in the groove can be sown by falling by their own weight. The multiple grooves on the fertilizer wheel 31 can all be dormant individually. Through the selective dormancy of the fertilizer trough, intermittent fertilization operations can be achieved. This is especially true when fertility-rich areas appear in local areas of the land due to long-term farming or uneven fertilization. During the sowing process, when passing by a fertility-rich area, the dormant fertilizer trough can be used to prevent there from being space for fertilizer to fall below the feeding port, so that no fertilizer is sown in the fertility-rich area, thereby avoiding local excess fertility and causing fertilizer damage to crops.

[0035] The groove on the fertilizing wheel 31 is a fertilizer groove 311. A first adjustment block 32 is slidably fitted in the fertilizer groove 311. The first adjustment block 32 slides axially along the fertilizing wheel 31, and can change the axial length of the fertilizer groove 311, so that the volume of the fertilizer groove 311 increases or decreases. The dormancy function is achieved when the volume is reduced to 0. The groove on the wheel surface is formed by precision machining, and the outer surface of the first adjustment block smoothly transitions with the wheel surface of the fertilizing wheel. When the first adjustment block slides axially, the volume of the fertilizer groove 311 can be infinitely adjusted. When the first adjustment block slides to fit the end face of the groove, it can completely fill and seal the groove, preventing fertilizer from falling, thereby achieving the dormancy function of the fertilizer groove.

[0036] The groove on the seeding wheel 21 is a seed groove 211. A second adjustment block 22 is slidably fitted within the seed groove 211. The second adjustment block 22 slides axially along the seeding wheel 21, and can change the axial length of the seed groove 211, thereby increasing or decreasing the volume of the seed groove 211. Multiple second adjustment blocks 22 slide synchronously. In addition to the uneven distribution of fertility within a single plot, there are also differences in fertility between adjacent plots. For example, in previous years, adjacent plots were used to grow different crops. Because different crops have different degrees of absorption of soil nutrients, the degree of improvement to the land, and the amount of fertilizer required for growth, there are differences in the overall fertility levels of each plot. This difference is obviously not able to be compensated by supplementary fertilizer application. Therefore, if these adjacent plots are planned to be used for sowing the same crop in a certain year, different sowing densities can be selected for different plots by evaluating the fertility levels of each plot. This solution can control the sowing density by adjusting the volume of the seed trough 211 and ensure that the sowing spacing of each plot is consistent. The sowing spacing refers to the spacing between adjacent plant groups. Reasonable spacing can ensure good air permeability and better light. Therefore, this solution actually controls the sowing density by adjusting the number of plants in each plant group, so that there will be no competition for fertilizer between multiple crops in the same plant group.

[0037] Each of the first adjustment blocks 32 is connected to the reference member 34 through a corresponding sliding drive member 33. The sliding drive member 33 can drive the corresponding first adjustment block 32 to move closer to or away from the reference member 34. The reference member 34 is slidably mounted on the rotating shaft of the fertilizing wheel 31 so that it can slide axially along the fertilizing wheel 31. The sliding adjustment of the reference member 34 can synchronously adjust multiple first adjustment blocks, so that the volumes of multiple fertilizer troughs can be synchronously adjusted without changing the relative relationship between the volumes of the multiple fertilizer troughs.

[0038] The multiple second adjustment blocks 22 are all fixedly connected to the end plate 23, and the end plate 23 is slidably mounted on the rotating shaft of the seeding wheel 21 so that it can slide axially along the seeding wheel 21; the sliding of the end plate 23 can drive the synchronous adjustment of the multiple second adjustment blocks, thereby ensuring that the volume of the multiple seed slots always remains consistent.

[0039] The reference member 34 and the end plate 23 are both driven to slide by the adjustment assembly, so that they slide synchronously and in the same direction. This allows the theoretical fertilizer amount to increase or decrease accordingly when the seed tank volume changes. The subsequent dynamic variable adjustment of each fertilizer tank volume is based on the theoretical fertilizer amount corresponding to the seeding amount, thereby ensuring that the fertilizer amount is within a reasonable range.

[0040] The adjustment assembly includes a push block 5, which is located between the reference member 34 and the end plate 23. The push block 5 can slide along the axial direction of the fertilizer wheel 31 and the seeding wheel 21. When sliding to any position, the push block 5 can generate opposite axial support forces on the reference member 34 and the end plate 23, respectively, to constrain the axial distance between the reference member 34 and the end plate 23. This ensures that the reference base for independent adjustment of each fertilizer is always adjusted synchronously with the adjustment of the seed groove.

[0041] Preferably, the push block 5 slides along the guide rail and is driven to slide by a screw rod. The push block 5 is provided with a threaded hole that cooperates with the screw rod. The screw rod is parallel to the wheel axles of the fertilizing wheel and the seeding wheel, and the screw rod is driven to rotate by an independent drive motor.

[0042] The reference member 34 is separately mounted from the push block 5. When the push block 5 slides away from the fertilizer wheel 31, it exerts an axial thrust on the reference member 34. The reference member 34 and the fertilizer wheel 31 are connected by a first elastic member 35, which can exert an axial tension on the reference member 34. During adjustment, the push block can serve as a driving force for the reference member to slide away from the fertilizer wheel, while the first elastic member can serve as a driving force for the reference member to slide toward the fertilizer wheel.

[0043] The push block 5 can be accelerated away from the reference member 34, causing the reference member 34 to approach the fertilizer wheel 31 under the pulling force of the first elastic member 35. This can drive the first adjustment block 32 to slide and impact the granular fertilizer in the fertilizer trough 311, pushing some of the fertilizer upward out of the trough 311. Because fertilizer particles are relatively fine, they are prone to bridging, leading to localized blockage, potentially preventing the fertilizer trough from filling completely and affecting the accuracy of fertilizer application. When this occurs, the push block 5 can be accelerated away from the reference member 34. For a short period of time, the reference member loses the axial thrust from the push block, temporarily releasing the elastic potential energy accumulated by the stretching of the first elastic member 35. This accelerates the sliding of the first adjustment block 32, creating a brief impact on the fertilizer in the fertilizer trough. Some of the impacted fertilizer arches upward, breaking the bridging phenomenon, thereby preventing blockage and facilitating the smooth descent of the fertilizer, ensuring that the fertilizer trough is filled as fully as possible, thereby ensuring accurate fertilization. If it is necessary to perform a jamming release action during the sowing process, the push block can be slid away from the original position for a certain distance in a short period of time, and then accelerated to return to the original position. This can generate an impact force to release the jam, and at the same time ensure that the volume of the fertilizer trough after the impact does not change relative to before the jamming, thereby achieving both jamming release and ensuring the accuracy of fertilization.

[0044] A second elastic member 24 is sandwiched between the end plate 23 and the end surface of the seeding wheel 21. The second elastic member 24 can generate an axial thrust on the end plate 23. When the push block accelerates away from the reference member to release the jam, a buffer force is generated between the end plate 23 and the end surface of the seeding wheel 21, so that the second adjustment block 22 slowly pushes the seeds in the groove, preventing the seeds from being crushed or squeezed when the fertilizer is released, thereby affecting the germination rate.

[0045] The push block 5 is provided with a push rod 51 for providing axial support for the reference member 34. The end of the push rod 51 in contact with the reference member 34 can be adjusted axially relative to the push block 5 to adjust the axial spacing between the reference member 34 and the end plate 23. When different seeds are sown on the same plot of land, the corresponding theoretical fertilizer amount will also vary. This solution can adjust the spacing between the reference member and the end plate according to the different seeds, thereby adjusting and controlling the initial theoretical fertilizer amount according to the specific sowing amount. This ensures that the dynamic adjustment of the fertilizer amount during subsequent sowing is only related to the distribution of soil fertility, thereby ensuring fertilization accuracy.

[0046] The variable fertilization sowing method based on the above-mentioned sowing device specifically includes the following steps:

[0047] Step I: Select the crop type and adjust the axial spacing L between the reference member 34 and the end plate 23 according to the crop type. Specifically, first, preset the corresponding seeding amount and the corresponding theoretical fertilizer amount based on the average fertility of the plot and the seeding spacing, and convert them into the corresponding seed occupied volume N and the corresponding fertilizer occupied volume M, respectively, and calculate the theoretical length l1 of the seed trough 211 and the theoretical length l2 of the fertilizer trough 311;

[0048] l1=(N / v1)*l0, l2=(M / v2)*l0;

[0049] Among them, l0 is the unit length, v1 is the volume corresponding to the unit length of the seed trough 211, and v2 is the volume corresponding to the unit length of the fertilizer trough 311; then L=L0+(l2-l1), wherein L0 is the axial distance between the reference part 34 and the end plate 23 in the initial state. In the initial state, the lengths of the multiple sliding drive members 33 are all in the middle value of their own length adjustment range, so that in the subsequent dynamic adjustment, there is enough space for adjusting the length of the fertilizer trough in both the increase and decrease directions, and the end faces of the multiple first adjustment blocks 32 and the multiple second adjustment blocks 22 in the initial state are flush, that is, L0 is a fixed value, (l2-l1) can be obtained by calculation, so that the axial distance L between the reference part 34 and the end plate 23 can be obtained.

[0050] Step II: Slide the push block 5 so that the length of the seed trough 211 is l1 and the length of the fertilizer trough 311 is l2.

[0051] Step III: Execute the sowing and fertilizing task along the preset trajectory. During the sowing process, the sowing wheel 21 and the fertilizing wheel 31 rotate synchronously with the traveling wheel, and the lengths of the multiple seed grooves 211 are dynamically adjusted according to the actual soil fertility distribution;

[0052] Specifically, the preset sowing trajectory is divided into multiple sections according to the preset sowing spacing, and the fertilization at each node is completed by a corresponding fertilizer trough 311; the actual fertility at multiple nodes is measured and recorded, and then the difference between the actual fertility at multiple nodes and the average fertility of the plot is calculated. According to the positive and negative and the size of each difference, the sliding direction and sliding amount Δl of the first adjustment block 32 in the fertilizer trough 311 corresponding to each node are judged or calculated. According to the obtained sliding direction and sliding amount Δl, the corresponding sliding drive 33 performs the adjustment action so that the actual length of the fertilizer trough after adjustment is l=l2±Δl, that is, the corresponding increase or decrease adjustment is performed based on the reference length l2 adjusted before the start of sowing. The multiple sliding drives 33 are adjusted periodically in sequence to realize dynamic variable fertilization during the sowing process.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the above principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic variable fertilization sowing device, characterized by: It comprises a walking mechanism (1) on which a sowing mechanism (2) and a fertilizing mechanism (3) are mounted; The sowing mechanism (2) includes a sowing wheel (21), on which a plurality of grooves for receiving seeds are evenly distributed in an circumferential direction; the fertilizing mechanism (3) includes a fertilizing wheel (31), on which a plurality of grooves for receiving fertilizer are evenly distributed in an circumferential direction; The axles of both the seeding wheel (21) and the fertilizer wheel (31) are connected to the travel wheel shaft of the travel mechanism (1) through a transmission mechanism (4); when the grooves rotate to the upper side, the seeds or fertilizers falling by gravity can fill the corresponding grooves; when the grooves rotate to the lower side, the seeds or fertilizers in the grooves can fall by their own weight to complete sowing; and the multiple grooves on the fertilizer wheel (31) can all be dormant individually.

2. A dynamic variable fertilization sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The groove on the fertilizing wheel (31) is a fertilizer groove (311), and a first adjustment block (32) is slidably fitted in the fertilizer groove (311). The first adjustment block (32) slides axially along the fertilizing wheel (31) and can change the axial length of the fertilizer groove (311), so that the volume of the fertilizer groove (311) increases or decreases. When the volume is reduced to 0, the fertilizer groove (311) enters a dormant state.

3. A dynamic variable fertilization sowing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The groove on the seeding wheel (21) is a seeding groove (211), and a second adjustment block (22) is slidably fitted in the seeding groove (211). The second adjustment block (22) slides axially along the seeding wheel (21) and can change the axial length of the seeding groove (211), so that the volume of the seeding groove (211) increases or decreases; and a plurality of the second adjustment blocks (22) slide synchronously.

4. A dynamic variable fertilization sowing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each of the first adjustment blocks (32) is connected to a reference member (34) via a corresponding sliding drive member (33), and the sliding drive member (33) can drive the corresponding first adjustment block (32) to move closer to or farther from the reference member (34); the reference member (34) is slidably mounted on the rotating shaft of the fertilizer wheel (31), so that it can slide axially along the fertilizer wheel (31); The plurality of second adjustment blocks (22) are all fixedly connected to the end plate (23), and the end plate (23) is slidably mounted on the rotating shaft of the seeding wheel (21), so that the end plate (23) can slide along the axial direction of the seeding wheel (21); The reference member (34) and the end plate (23) are both driven to slide by the adjustment assembly so that the two slide synchronously and in the same direction.

5. A dynamic variable fertilization sowing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly includes a push block (5), which is located between the reference member (34) and the end plate (23). The push block (5) can slide along the axial direction of the fertilizer wheel (31) and the seeding wheel (21), and when sliding to any position, it can generate opposite axial support forces on the reference member (34) and the end plate (23) respectively, so as to constrain the axial distance between the reference member (34) and the end plate (23).

6. A dynamic variable fertilization sowing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reference member (34) and the push block (5) are arranged in a separate body. When the push block (5) slides away from the fertilizer wheel (31), it forms an axial thrust on the reference member (34). The reference member (34) and the fertilizer wheel (31) are connected via a first elastic member (35). The first elastic member (35) can form an axial pulling force on the reference member (34).

7. A dynamic variable fertilization sowing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pushing block (5) can accelerate away from the reference member (34), so that the reference member (34) approaches the fertilizer wheel (31) under the pulling force of the first elastic member (35), and can drive the first adjusting block (32) to slide and impact the granular fertilizer in the fertilizer trough (311), and push part of the fertilizer upward out of the fertilizer trough (311).

8. The dynamic variable fertilization sowing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second elastic member (24) is sandwiched between the end plate (23) and the end surface of the seeding wheel (21), and the second elastic member (24) can generate an axial thrust on the end plate (23).

9. A dynamic variable fertilization sowing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The push block (5) is provided with a push rod (51) for forming an axial support force on the reference member (34); the end of the push rod (51) in contact with the reference member (34) can be adjusted in the axial direction relative to the push block (5) to adjust the axial distance between the reference member (34) and the end plate (23).

10. A variable fertilization sowing method using a dynamic variable fertilization sowing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step I, adjusting the axial spacing L between the reference member (34) and the end plate (23) according to the type of sowing, specifically, firstly presetting the corresponding sowing amount and the corresponding theoretical fertilization amount according to the average fertility of the plot and the sowing spacing, and converting them into the corresponding seed occupied volume N and the corresponding fertilizer occupied volume M, respectively, and calculating the theoretical length l1 of the seed trough (211) and the theoretical length l2 of the fertilizer trough (311); l1=(N / v1)*l0, l2=(M / v2)*l0; Wherein, l0 is the unit length, v1 is the volume corresponding to the unit length of the seed trough (211), and v2 is the volume corresponding to the unit length of the fertilizer trough (311); then L=L0+(l2-l1), wherein L0 is the axial distance between the reference member (34) and the end plate (23) in the initial state, and in the initial state, the lengths of the plurality of sliding drive members (33) are all at the middle value of their own length adjustment range, and the end faces of the plurality of first adjustment blocks (32) and the plurality of second adjustment blocks (22) are flush; Step II, slide the push block (5) so that the length of the seed trough (211) is l1 and the length of the fertilizer trough (311) is l2: Step III, performing the sowing and fertilizing task along the preset trajectory, during which the sowing wheel (21) and the fertilizing wheel (31) rotate synchronously with the traveling wheel, and the lengths of the plurality of seed grooves (211) are dynamically adjusted according to the actual soil fertility distribution; Specifically, a preset sowing trajectory is divided into multiple sections according to a preset sowing spacing, and fertilization at each node is completed by a corresponding fertilizer trough (311); the actual fertility at multiple nodes is measured and recorded, and then the difference between the actual fertility at multiple nodes and the average fertility of the plot is calculated; based on the positive and negative and the size of each difference, the sliding direction and sliding amount Δl of the first adjustment block (32) in the fertilizer trough (311) corresponding to each node are judged or calculated; based on the obtained sliding direction and sliding amount Δl, the corresponding sliding driving member (33) performs the adjustment action, and the multiple sliding driving members (33) are adjusted periodically in sequence to realize dynamic variable fertilization during the sowing process.

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