No-tillage planter and seeding depth control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a no-tillage planter and a sowing depth control method thereof. The planter comprises a rack, a ditching wheel, a depth limiting wheel, a press wheel, a soil covering mechanism and a seed feeding pipe, and is provided with a ditch depth detection device and a controller. A gap with a narrow front part and a wide rear part is formed between the two ditching wheels; the depth limiting wheels are separately arranged on the outer sides of the ditching wheels; and the heights of the depth limiting wheels are controlled through height adjusting mechanisms. The press wheel is rotationally connected with the middle of the axle through a connecting rod, a disc mechanism is mounted in the middle of the connecting rod and comprises a disc body and a connecting frame rotationally connected with the disc body, and an elastic element and a sensor are arranged between the connecting frame and the connecting rod. The tail end of the seed throwing pipe is located between the disc body and the press wheel, and an elastic pressing mechanism is arranged between the connecting rod and the rack. The soil density is judged in combination with sensor data, the sowing depth is adaptively adjusted, and the reasonability of the sowing depth is optimized. The thin grooves cut in the disc body are matched with the press wheel which is elastically pressed down to press and fix, so that the seeds are prevented from being pressed and damaged, and the seeding depth consistency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural sowing machinery, in particular to a no-tillage seeder and a sowing depth control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the prior art, patent CN113179711A provides a seed-pressing positive pressure seeder, which includes a furrowing device, a seed-dropping pipe, a seed-pressing device, and a soil-covering and pressing device. In this device, the airflow discharged from the seed-dropping pipe can be promptly pressed by the seed-pressing wheel to prevent the seeds from bouncing, thereby improving the sowing accuracy. However, this patent has the following problems:

[0003] (1) Once the height of the depth-limiting wheel is determined, the furrowing depth is also determined. However, the density of the soil in general soil changes dynamically. In order to improve the sowing effect, the sowing depth should be dynamically adjusted based on the soil density. Although other existing technologies such as patents such as CN222090133U provide solutions for dynamically controlling the height of the depth-limiting wheel using a motor, they lack effective detection of soil density, and the sowing depth control of seeds is still not accurate enough.

[0004] (2) Fixing seeds by pressing them with a seed pressing wheel can improve sowing accuracy, but it may damage the seeds and affect the germination rate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a no-till seeder and a sowing depth control method thereof that can adaptively adjust the sowing depth based on soil properties and prevent seeds from being crushed.

[0006] Technical solution: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the no-till planter of the present invention comprises a frame on which are mounted a furrowing wheel, a depth-limiting wheel, a pressing wheel, a soil covering mechanism, and a seeding pipe, and further comprises a furrow depth detection device and a controller;

[0007] There are two grooved wheels, a gap is formed between the two wheels, which is narrow in front and wide in the back, and the two grooved wheels are connected to the frame through the same wheel axle, the wheel axle has a middle part extending left and right, and an axis end part for connecting the two grooved wheels and having an angle between the middle part; the two depth-limiting wheels are respectively arranged on the outside of the two grooved wheels, the rotating shaft of the depth-limiting wheel is rearward compared to the rotating shaft of the grooved wheel, and the height of the depth-limiting wheel can be adjusted by a height-adjusting mechanism, and the height-adjusting mechanism is connected to the controller with the groove depth detection device; the pressing wheel is opposite to the gap and is located at the rear side of the gap; the covering mechanism is located at the rear side of the pressing wheel;

[0008] The pressing wheel is connected to the middle part of the wheel axle through a connecting rod extending forward and backward, and the connecting rod is in a rotational connection with the pressing wheel and the wheel axle; a disc mechanism is installed in the middle of the connecting rod, and the disc mechanism includes a disc body with a cutting edge on the edge, and also includes a connecting frame rotatably connected to the disc body, the connecting frame can move relative to the connecting rod, and an elastic element and a sensor are provided between the two, and the sensor is connected to the controller; in this solution, the connecting frame is slidably installed relative to the connecting rod, and the sensor is a displacement sensor; in other solutions, the connecting frame can also be rotatably installed relative to the connecting rod, and the sensor is an angle sensor.

[0009] The disc body is located on the front side of the connecting rod, and the disc body is located between the two furrowing wheels; the seed dropping tube extends along the connecting rod, and its end is placed between the disc body and the pressing wheel; the seed dropping tube is connected to the pneumatic seed metering device, and the airflow overflowed by the pneumatic seed metering device assists the planting and is ejected from the end of the seed dropping tube. The pressing wheel is used to press the seeds ejected from the end of the seed dropping tube in time to prevent the seeds from bouncing.

[0010] An elastic pressing mechanism is connected between the connecting rod and the frame.

[0011] When the no-till seeder is operating, the height of the depth-limiting wheel is adjusted through the height adjustment mechanism to determine the furrowing depth of the furrowing wheel. The control system can obtain furrow depth information through the furrow depth detection device, and dynamically adjust the height of the depth-limiting wheel to adjust the furrowing depth accordingly.

[0012] The structural design and layout of the above-mentioned pressing wheel, seeding tube, connecting rod, disc mechanism, and elastic downward pressure mechanism can play the following role: the elastic downward pressure mechanism can provide sufficient downward pressure to ensure that the pressing wheel contacts the ground, and in the disc mechanism, the elastic element applies downward pressure to the disc body, allowing the disc body to cut grooves at the bottom of the grooves opened by the furrowing wheel. On the one hand, due to differences in soil quality, the depth of the grooves cut by the disc body varies, resulting in different data generated by the sensor. The controller can judge whether the current sowing depth matches the soil quality based on this. If not, the furrowing depth of the furrowing wheel is appropriately adjusted. On the other hand, because the end of the seeding tube is placed between the disc body and the pressing wheel, the disc body cuts a thin groove at the bottom of the furrow. The end of the seeding tube passes through the thin groove, and the seeds ejected from the end of the seeding tube are embedded in the thin groove and further compressed and fixed by the pressing wheel. This not only effectively improves the success rate of compression, but also reduces the pressure on the seeds during the process of downward compression by the pressing wheel, which can prevent the seeds from being crushed by the pressing wheel.

[0013] Furthermore, the connecting rod has a through hole, the seeding tube extends along the upper side of the connecting rod, and the end of the seeding tube passes through the through hole and reaches the lower side of the connecting rod.

[0014] Furthermore, the connecting frame has two guide rod parts respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the connecting rod, and also includes a top plate connecting the two guide rod parts, and the top plate is located on the upper side of the seeding tube at the corresponding position; a U-shaped guide slide seat is installed on the connecting rod; the upper side of the connecting frame is placed in the guide slide seat, and the elastic element is placed between the inner side of the top end of the guide slide seat and the top plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the pressure wheel is connected to the connecting rod via a central shaft, the pressure wheel being rotatably mounted relative to the central shaft, the central shaft being fixed relative to the connecting rod, and the shaft end extending beyond the connecting rod. The trench depth detection device includes a guide frame mounted at the end of the central shaft, a sliding rod slidably mounted relative to the guide frame, and a spring applying downward pressure to the sliding rod. The lower end of the sliding rod is mounted with a detection piece with an upwardly tilted front end. The guide frame is mounted with a displacement sensor connected to the sliding rod, and the displacement sensor is connected to the controller. The above structure can effectively obtain actual trenching depth data of the trenching wheel.

[0016] Furthermore, the groove depth detection device is installed at both ends of the central axis.

[0017] Furthermore, the height adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment frame connecting the depth-gating wheel and the frame, a screw mounted on the frame, and an adjustment motor driving the screw; a screw sleeve is threaded onto the screw, which drives the adjustment frame; and the adjustment motor is connected to the controller. Based on the above structure, the controller controls the forward and reverse rotation of the adjustment motor as needed to adjust the height of the depth-gating wheel.

[0018] A method for controlling the sowing depth of a no-till planter is provided, based on the above-mentioned no-till planter, and the method comprises:

[0019] The groove depth detection device collects groove depth data opened by the groove opening wheel, and controls the height adjustment mechanism to operate accordingly, so that the actual groove opening depth of the groove opening wheel is within the target groove opening depth range;

[0020] A sensor based on the disc mechanism collects depth data of the thin grooves cut by the disc body;

[0021] Based on the depth data of the fine groove, the matching between the current soil compactness and the sowing depth is judged. If the cutting depth is insufficient or too deep, the target trenching depth range is adjusted.

[0022] Beneficial effects: The no-tillage seeder and the sowing depth control method thereof of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The no-till seeder of the present invention, by providing a disc mechanism and improving the mounting structure of the pressure wheel and the seeding tube, can realize that the control system of the seeder can judge the soil density based on the groove depth of the disc mechanism and adaptively adjust the sowing depth based on the soil quality, so that the sowing depth is more reasonable. In addition, the fine grooves cut by the disc mechanism can assist in seed positioning and prevent the seeds from being crushed and affecting the germination rate.

[0024] (2) The sowing depth control method of the present invention is based on the dynamic closed-loop control of the furrowing depth of the furrowing wheel achieved by linking the traditional furrow depth detection device with the height adjustment mechanism. In combination with the sensor of the disc mechanism, the cutting depth of the disc body is monitored in real time to form a soil compaction feedback mechanism. The controller adaptively corrects the target furrowing depth range to ensure that the sowing depth is accurately matched with the soil conditions.

[0025] (3) The present invention significantly enhances the adaptability to complex soil and the stability of sowing quality through multi-stage coordinated regulation of furrowing, grooving and sowing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a no-till planter;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a no-till planter;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a combined side view of the disc mechanism and its surrounding structures;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a combined three-dimensional structural diagram of the disc mechanism and its surrounding structures.

[0030] In the figure: 1-frame; 2-ditching wheel; 3-depth-limiting wheel; 4-pressing wheel; 5-soil-covering mechanism; 6-seeding tube; 7-wheel axle; 7a-middle part; 7b-axle end part; 8-disc mechanism; 81-disc body; 82-connecting frame; 82a-guide rod; 82b-top plate; 83-elastic element; 84-sensor; 85-guide slide seat; 9-connecting rod; 9a-through hole; 10-height adjustment mechanism; 101-adjusting frame; 102-screw; 103-adjusting motor; 104-screw sleeve; 11-ditch depth detection device; 111-guide frame; 112-sliding rod; 113-spring; 114-detection piece; 115-displacement sensor; 12-elastic downward pressure mechanism; 13-center axis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2The no-till planter shown includes a frame 1 on which are mounted a furrowing wheel 2, a depth-limiting wheel 3, a pressing wheel 4, a soil covering mechanism 5, and a seeding tube 6, as well as a furrow depth detection device 11 and a controller;

[0033] There are two ditching wheels 2, with a gap between them that is narrow in front and wide in the back. The two ditching wheels 2 are connected to the frame 1 via a common wheel axle 7. The wheel axle 7 has a middle portion 7a extending left and right, and an axial end portion 7b for connecting the two ditching wheels 2 and having an angle between the middle portion 7a; the two depth-limiting wheels 3 are respectively placed on the outsides of the two ditching wheels 2, the rotating shaft of the depth-limiting wheel 3 is located rearward compared to the rotating shaft of the ditching wheel 2, and the height of the depth-limiting wheel 3 can be adjusted by a height-adjusting mechanism 10, which is connected to the controller with the ditch depth detection device 11; the pressing wheel 4 is opposite to the gap and is located at the rear side of the gap; the covering mechanism 5 is located at the rear side of the pressing wheel 4;

[0034] The pressing wheel 4 is connected to the middle part 7a of the wheel axle 7 through a connecting rod 9 extending forward and backward, and the connecting rod 9 is in a rotational connection relationship with the pressing wheel 4 and the wheel axle 7; a disc mechanism 8 is installed in the middle of the connecting rod 9, and the disc mechanism 8 includes a disc body 81 with a cutting edge on the edge, and also includes a connecting frame 82 rotatably connected to the disc body 81, the connecting frame 83 can move relative to the connecting rod 9, and an elastic element 83 and a sensor 84 are provided therebetween, and the sensor 84 is connected to the controller; in this embodiment, the connecting frame 82 is slidably installed relative to the connecting rod 9, and the sensor 84 is a displacement sensor; in other embodiments, the connecting frame 82 can also be rotatably installed relative to the connecting rod 9, and the sensor 84 is an angle sensor.

[0035] The disc body 81 is located on the front side of the connecting rod 9, and the disc body 81 is located between the two furrowing wheels 2; the seeding tube 6 extends along the connecting rod 9, and its end is placed between the disc body 81 and the pressing wheel 4; the seeding tube 6 is connected to the pneumatic seed metering device, and the airflow overflowed by the pneumatic seed metering device assists the planting and is ejected from the end of the seeding tube 6. The pressing wheel 4 is used to press the seeds ejected from the end of the seeding tube 6 in time to prevent the seeds from bouncing.

[0036] An elastic pressing mechanism 12 is connected between the connecting rod 9 and the frame 1 .

[0037] When the no-till seeder is operating, the height of the depth-limiting wheel 3 is adjusted by the height adjustment mechanism 10 to determine the furrowing depth of the furrowing wheel 2. The control system can obtain furrow depth information through the furrow depth detection device 11, and dynamically adjust the height of the depth-limiting wheel 3 accordingly to adjust the furrowing depth.

[0038] The structural design and layout of the above-mentioned pressing wheel 4, seed dropping tube 6, connecting rod 9, disc mechanism 8 and elastic downward pressure mechanism 12 can play the following roles: the elastic downward pressure mechanism 12 can provide sufficient downward pressure to ensure that the pressing wheel 4 is in contact with the ground, and in the disc mechanism 8, the elastic element 83 applies downward pressure to the disc body 81, so that the disc body 81 can cut grooves at the bottom of the grooves opened by the trenching wheel 2. On the one hand, due to the difference in soil quality, the depth of the grooves that can be cut by the disc body 81 is different, so that the data generated by the sensor 84 is different. The controller can judge whether the current sowing depth matches the soil quality based on this. If not, the trenching depth of the trenching wheel 2 is appropriately adjusted. On the other hand, since the end of the seed-dropping tube 6 is placed between the disc body 81 and the pressing wheel 4, the disc body 81 cuts a thin groove at the bottom of the groove, and the end of the seed-dropping tube 6 will pass through the thin groove. The seeds ejected from the end of the seed-dropping tube 6 will be embedded in the thin groove and further pressed and fixed by the pressing wheel 4. This not only effectively improves the success rate of suppression, but also when the pressing wheel 4 suppresses the seeds, the pressure on the seeds in the process of embedding downward into the thin groove is relatively small, which can prevent the pressing wheel 4 from crushing the seeds.

[0039] The no-till seeder of the present invention, by providing a disc mechanism 8 and improving the mounting structure of the pressing wheel 4 and the seed dropping tube 6, can realize that the control system of the seeder can judge the soil density based on the groove depth of the disc mechanism 8, and adaptively adjust the sowing depth based on the soil quality, so that the sowing depth is more reasonable. In addition, the fine grooves cut by the disc mechanism 8 can assist in seed positioning and prevent the seeds from being crushed and affecting the germination rate.

[0040] Preferably, if Figure 2 As shown, the connecting rod 9 has a through hole 9a, the seeding tube 6 extends along the upper side of the connecting rod 9, and the end of the seeding tube 6 passes through the through hole 9a and reaches the lower side of the connecting rod 9.

[0041] Preferably, if Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the connecting frame 82 has two guide rod portions 82a respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the connecting rod 9, and also includes a top plate 82b connecting the two guide rod portions 82a, and the top plate 82b is located on the upper side of the seeding tube 6 at the corresponding position; a U-shaped guide slide seat 85 is installed on the connecting rod 9; the upper side of the connecting frame 82 is placed in the guide slide seat 85, and the elastic element 83 is placed between the inner side of the top end of the guide slide seat 85 and the top plate 82b.

[0042] Preferably, the pressing wheel 4 is connected to the connecting rod 9 via a central axis 13, the pressing wheel 4 is rotatably mounted relative to the central axis 13, the central axis 13 is fixed relative to the connecting rod 9, and the shaft end extends outside the connecting rod 9; Figure 4As shown, the trench depth detection device 11 includes a guide frame 111 mounted on the end of the central shaft 13, a sliding rod 112 slidably mounted relative to the guide frame 111, and a spring 113 that applies downward pressure to the sliding rod 112. A detection piece 114 with an upwardly tilted front end is mounted on the lower end of the sliding rod 112. A displacement sensor 115 connected to the sliding rod 112 is mounted on the guide frame 111 and connected to the controller. This structure effectively acquires actual trenching depth data of the trenching wheel 2.

[0043] Preferably, the groove depth detection device 11 is installed at both ends of the central shaft 13 .

[0044] Preferably, the height adjustment mechanism 10 includes an adjustment frame 101 connecting the depth-gating wheel 3 and the frame 1, a screw 102 mounted on the frame 1, and an adjustment motor 103 for driving the screw 102. A screw sleeve 104 is threaded onto the screw 102, which drives the adjustment frame 101. The adjustment motor 103 is connected to the controller. Based on the above structure, the controller controls the forward and reverse rotation of the adjustment motor 103 as needed to adjust the height of the depth-gating wheel 3.

[0045] A method for controlling the sowing depth of a no-till planter is provided. The method is based on the above-mentioned no-till planter and includes the following steps S101-S103:

[0046] Step S101, based on the groove depth detection device 11, the groove depth data of the groove opened by the groove opening wheel 2 is collected, and the height adjustment mechanism 10 is controlled to operate accordingly so that the actual groove opening depth of the groove opening wheel 2 is within the target groove opening depth range;

[0047] Step S102 , collecting depth data of the thin groove cut by the disc body 81 based on the sensor 84 of the disc mechanism 8 ;

[0048] Step S103: Based on the depth data of the fine groove, the matching between the current soil compactness and the sowing depth is determined. If the cutting depth is insufficient or too deep, the target trenching depth range is adjusted.

[0049] The sowing depth control method of the present invention is based on the dynamic closed-loop control of the furrowing depth of the furrowing wheel 2 achieved by linking the traditional furrow depth detection device 11 with the height adjustment mechanism 10. In combination with the sensor 84 of the disc mechanism 8, the cutting depth of the disc body 81 is monitored in real time to form a soil compaction feedback mechanism. The controller adaptively corrects the target furrowing depth range to ensure that the sowing depth is accurately matched with the soil conditions.

[0050] The present invention significantly enhances the adaptability to complex soil and the stability of sowing quality through multi-stage coordinated regulation of furrowing, grooving and sowing.

[0051] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A no-till seed drill, comprising a frame (1), on which are mounted a furrowing wheel (2), a depth-limiting wheel (3), a pressing wheel (4), a soil covering mechanism (5), and a seeding tube (6), and further comprising a furrow depth detection device (11) and a controller; There are two ditching wheels (2), a gap that is narrow in front and wide in the back is formed between the two ditching wheels (2), and the two ditching wheels (2) are connected to the frame (1) via a common wheel axle (7); the two depth-limiting wheels (3) are respectively arranged on the outside of the two ditching wheels (2), and the height of the depth-limiting wheels (3) can be adjusted by a height-adjusting mechanism (10), and the height-adjusting mechanism (10) and the ditch depth detection device (11) are connected to the controller; the pressing wheel (4) faces the gap and is located at the rear side of the gap; Its characteristics are: The pressing wheel (4) is connected to the middle part (7a) of the wheel shaft (7) through a connecting rod (9) extending forward and backward; a disc mechanism (8) is installed in the middle of the connecting rod (9), and the disc mechanism (8) includes a disc body (81) with a cutting edge on the edge, and also includes a connecting frame (82) rotatably connected to the disc body (81); the connecting frame (83) is movable relative to the connecting rod (9), and an elastic element (83) and a sensor (84) are provided between the two, and the sensor (84) is connected to the controller; The seeding tube (6) extends along the connecting rod (9), and the end thereof is placed between the disc body (81) and the pressing wheel (4); An elastic downward pressing mechanism (12) is connected between the connecting rod (9) and the frame (1).

2. The no-tillage seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting rod (9) has a through hole (9a), the seeding tube (6) extends along the upper side of the connecting rod (9), and the end of the seeding tube (6) passes through the through hole (9a) and reaches the lower side of the connecting rod (9).

3. The no-tillage seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting frame (82) has two guide rod portions (82a) respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the connecting rod (9), and also includes a top plate (82b) connecting the two guide rod portions (82a), wherein the top plate (82b) is located on the upper side of the seeding tube (6) at the corresponding position; a U-shaped guide slide seat (85) is installed on the connecting rod (9); the upper side of the connecting frame (82) is disposed in the guide slide seat (85), and the elastic element (83) is disposed between the inner side of the top end of the guide slide seat (85) and the top plate (82b).

4. The no-tillage seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing wheel (4) is connected to the connecting rod (9) via a central axis (13), the central axis (13) is fixed relative to the connecting rod (9), and the axis end extends outside the connecting rod (9); the groove depth detection device (11) includes a guide frame (111) installed at the end of the central axis (13), a sliding rod (112) slidably installed relative to the guide frame (111), and a spring (113) applying downward pressure to the sliding rod (112), the lower end of the sliding rod (112) is installed with a detection piece (114) with its front end tilted upward; a displacement sensor (115) connected to the sliding rod (112) is installed on the guide frame (111), and the displacement sensor (115) is connected to the controller.

5. The no-tillage seeder according to claim 4, characterized in that: The groove depth detection devices (11) are installed at both ends of the central shaft (13).

6. The no-tillage seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height adjustment mechanism (10) comprises an adjustment frame (101) connecting the depth-limiting wheel (3) and the frame (1), a screw rod (102) mounted on the frame (1), and an adjustment motor (103) driving the screw rod (102) to rotate; a screw sleeve (104) is screwed onto the screw rod (102), and the screw sleeve (104) can drive the adjustment frame (101) to operate; and the adjustment motor (103) is connected to the controller.

7. A sowing depth control method for a no-tillage planter, based on the no-tillage planter according to claim 1, characterized in that: Methods include: Based on the groove depth detection device (11), the groove depth data opened by the groove opening wheel (2) is collected, and the height adjustment mechanism (10) is controlled to operate accordingly, so that the actual groove opening depth of the groove opening wheel (2) is within the target groove opening depth range; A sensor (84) of the disc mechanism (8) collects depth data of the thin groove cut by the disc body (81); Based on the depth data of the fine groove, the matching between the current soil compactness and the sowing depth is judged. If the cutting depth is insufficient or too deep, the target trenching depth range is adjusted.

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