Range-extended vehicle battery heating method, device, equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method, device, equipment, and storage medium for heating the battery of an extended-range vehicle. The method comprises the following steps: calculating the on-off time of the upper and lower bridge arms of a three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor based on the direct-axis voltage of a generator controller calculated from the battery output voltage and a preset quadrature-axis voltage of the generator controller; and controlling a pulse current based on the on-off time to heat the battery of the extended-range vehicle. This application can improve the battery heating rate, significantly reduce the eddy currents generated between the rotating air gap magnetic field formed by the three-phase current and the stationary permanent magnet rotor, and avoid the eddy currents that cause overheating and demagnetization of the motor rotor permanent magnets. It can also significantly reduce electromagnetic noise while ensuring vehicle safety during the battery heating process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of vehicle thermal management technology, and in particular to a method, device, equipment and storage medium for heating a battery of an extended-range vehicle. Background Art

[0002] At extremely low temperatures, the internal resistance of a power battery is much greater than at room temperature (tens of milliohms at room temperature, hundreds of milliohms below -20°C). The open-circuit voltage is also lower at extremely low temperatures, resulting in a power battery output voltage significantly lower than at room temperature. Therefore, effective low-temperature heating measures are necessary to ensure the battery pack operates within the appropriate temperature range and maximize its charge and discharge capabilities. For extended-range electric vehicles, in addition to using a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) to heat the power battery, preheating of heat-generating components such as the motor, motor controller, and engine can also be used to heat the power battery. The range extender generates electricity to charge the power battery and discharges the battery, heating the battery through the charging and discharging process. However, external heating methods such as PTC or high-idle engine warm-up are slow and inefficient. Furthermore, charging and discharging the battery requires a certain amount of charging and discharging power. At extremely low temperatures, battery capacity decreases, and both charging and discharging power are limited by the battery output voltage, resulting in a long heating time for the power battery to reach the appropriate temperature range.

[0003] In addition, there is another heating method that uses the large internal resistance of low-temperature batteries to generate heat by adding high-frequency pulse current at both ends of the battery. The electric vehicle motor system is connected to both ends of the power battery. The motor has inductance characteristics and the three-phase IGBT inside the motor controller has high-frequency on-off characteristics, so it is possible to use the electric drive system as a pulse heating carrier. However, the problem is that when AC is passed through the three-phase stator of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, an induced magnetic field will be generated. The induced magnetic field will generate torque on the rotor, which will cause the vehicle to generate unexpected driving torque or produce perceptible jitter at the end of heating, affecting the safety of the entire vehicle. Full and driving experience, and because the motor is in a natural stalled state during pulse heating, eddy currents will be generated between the rotating air gap magnetic field formed by the three-phase current of the stator and the stationary permanent magnet rotor, and because the electrical conductivity of permanent magnet materials is generally high, the eddy current loss becomes higher, causing the rotor permanent magnet to heat up seriously, which may cause the battery to be heated to the preset temperature before the permanent magnet rotor of the motor, which serves as the heating carrier, has overheated and demagnetized; and because the motor rotor stops during battery pulse heating, the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator produces voltage distortion under the action of the rotor magnetic permeability with salient polarity, which brings obvious electromagnetic noise, which can be easily perceived by people and cause discomfort.

[0004] Therefore, how to effectively heat the power battery at low temperatures and reduce noise in a low-temperature environment is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, device, equipment and storage medium for heating the battery of an extended-range vehicle.

[0006] It can improve the battery heating rate and greatly reduce the eddy currents generated between the rotating air gap magnetic field formed by the three-phase current and the stationary permanent magnet rotor, avoiding the eddy currents that cause overheating and demagnetization of the motor rotor permanent magnets, and can significantly reduce electromagnetic noise while ensuring the safety of the vehicle during battery heating.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for heating a battery of an extended-range vehicle, wherein the method comprises the steps of:

[0008] Calculate the on-off time of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor based on the direct-axis voltage of the generator controller calculated based on the battery output voltage and the preset quadrature-axis voltage of the generator controller;

[0009] Based on the on-off time, the pulse current is controlled to heat the range-extended vehicle battery.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect above, as an optional implementation method, the amplitude and frequency of the direct-axis voltage Ud of the generator controller are obtained by looking up the table in real time according to the output voltage of the power battery;

[0011] Set the generator controller quadrature axis voltage Uq to 0 and obtain the current rotor position signal of the motor;

[0012] Perform Park inverse transformation on Ud and Uq according to the rotor position information to obtain the generator controller α-axis voltage vector Uα and β-axis voltage vector Uβ;

[0013] Input Uα and Uβ into the SVPWM module, and calculate the on-time and off-time of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor through the space vector pulse width modulation algorithm.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect above, as an optional implementation, the motor α-axis voltage vector Uα and the β-axis voltage vector Uβ are controlled by adjusting the direct-axis voltage and the quadrature-axis voltage of the generator controller;

[0015] By adjusting Uα and Uβ, the on and off time of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of each phase insulated gate bipolar transistor is controlled;

[0016] According to the length of the on and off time, the size and frequency of the pulse current are controlled to heat the battery pack of the extended-range vehicle.

[0017] In combination with the first aspect above, as an optional implementation, the corresponding direct-axis voltage Ud is determined according to the voltage output by the battery;

[0018] When the battery cell temperature is lower than a set temperature value, the corresponding direct axis voltage Ud is increased to a set first voltage range;

[0019] When the battery cell temperature is higher than a set temperature value, the corresponding direct-axis voltage Ud is adjusted down to a set second voltage range.

[0020] In combination with the first aspect above, as an optional implementation, determining whether the ambient temperature is less than a set temperature threshold;

[0021] If so, the vehicle controller VCU sends a starting torque command to the generator controller GCU according to the battery heating request sent by the power battery management system BMS, so as to control the generator to drive the engine speed to reach the preset speed through the GCU;

[0022] When the preset speed is reached, the engine controller EMS controls the engine fuel injection and ignition in advance to complete the cold start of the range extender.

[0023] In combination with the first aspect above, as an optional implementation, if it is determined that the range extender has completed a cold start, it is determined whether there is a heating request for the power battery;

[0024] If so, the engine is controlled to enter the idle state, the generator is controlled to enter the heating mode, and it is determined whether the temperature of the power battery cell reaches the preset value;

[0025] When the battery cell temperature reaches the preset value, the generator exits the heating mode and enters the series power generation or shutdown mode;

[0026] When the battery cell temperature does not reach the preset value, the generator is controlled to continue to enter the heating mode.

[0027] In combination with the first aspect above, as an optional implementation, it is determined whether the cell temperature is less than a preset value, whether the battery management system is faulty, whether the high-voltage system is faulty, whether the relay is energized, whether the bus voltage is greater than a set voltage, whether the vehicle is in a plugged-in charging state, whether the vehicle speed is zero, whether the gear is in P gear, whether the generator temperature is less than a preset temperature, whether the generator controller temperature is less than a preset temperature, whether the coolant temperature is less than a threshold, whether the engine water temperature is less than a preset water temperature, and whether the range extender is in a ready state;

[0028] If any of the conditions are not met, it is determined that the power battery does not meet the heating conditions;

[0029] If the above conditions are met at the same time, it is determined that the power battery meets the heating conditions.

[0030] In a second aspect, the present application provides a battery heating device for a range-extended vehicle, the device comprising:

[0031] a processing module for calculating the on-off time of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor based on the direct-axis voltage of the generator controller calculated from the battery output voltage and a preset quadrature-axis voltage of the generator controller;

[0032] A control module is configured to control the pulse current based on the on-off time to heat the battery of the range-extended vehicle.

[0033] In a third aspect, the present application further provides an electronic device comprising: a processor; and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer-readable instructions, and when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the method described in any one of the first aspects is implemented.

[0034] In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, enables the computer to execute any one of the methods described in the first aspect.

[0035] The present application provides a method, device, equipment, and storage medium for heating a battery in a range-extended vehicle. The method includes the following steps: calculating the on-off time of the upper and lower bridge arms of a three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor based on the direct-axis voltage of the generator controller calculated from the battery output voltage and a preset quadrature-axis voltage of the generator controller; and controlling the pulse current based on the on-off time to heat the battery in the range-extended vehicle. The present application can improve the battery heating rate, greatly reduce the eddy currents generated between the rotating air gap magnetic field formed by the three-phase current and the stationary permanent magnet rotor, avoid the occurrence of eddy currents that cause overheating and demagnetization of the permanent magnets in the motor rotor, and significantly reduce electromagnetic noise while ensuring the safety of the vehicle during battery heating.

[0036] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary only and are not restrictive of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a battery heating method for an extended-range vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a battery heating device for an extended-range vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the battery, generator controller and generator provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 4 The voltage space vector diagram provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a computer-readable program medium provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when referring to the drawings, like numbers in different figures represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not intended to represent all possible embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present invention, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0045] Furthermore, the drawings are merely schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. Some of the blocks shown in the drawings are functional entities that do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically separate entities.

[0046] The embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 The figure shows a flow chart of a battery heating method for a range-extended vehicle provided by the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the steps of:

[0048] Step S101: Calculate the on-off time of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor based on the direct-axis voltage of the generator controller calculated based on the battery output voltage and the preset quadrature-axis voltage of the generator controller.

[0049] Specifically, the amplitude and frequency of the direct-axis voltage Ud of the generator controller are obtained by looking up the table in real time based on the output voltage of the power battery;

[0050] Set the generator controller quadrature axis voltage Uq to 0 and obtain the current rotor position signal of the motor;

[0051] Perform Park inverse transformation on Ud and Uq according to the rotor position information to obtain the generator controller α-axis voltage vector Uα and β-axis voltage vector Uβ;

[0052] Input Uα and Uβ into the SVPWM module, and calculate the on-time and off-time of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor through the space vector pulse width modulation algorithm.

[0053] For ease of understanding, let's take an example. The motor controller controls the on and off of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase IGBT through the vector control unit. The amplitude and frequency of the U direct-axis voltage Ud under different battery output voltages are obtained according to the calibration of the whole vehicle. The obtained Ud and the preset quadrature-axis voltage Uq=0 and the current rotor position signal of the motor are given to the Park inverse transformation module to obtain the motor α-axis voltage vector Uα and β-axis voltage vector Uβ, and the α-axis voltage vector Uα and β-axis voltage vector Uβ are sent to the SVPWM (space vector pulse width modulation algorithm) module. The SVPWM module calculates the on-time and off-time of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase IGBT based on Uα and Uβ.

[0054] Among them, Uα is calculated according to the formula: Uα=Ud*cosθ-Uq*sinθ, and Uβ is calculated according to the formula: Uβ=Ud*sinθ+Uq*cosθ, where θ is the motor rotor position information.

[0055] In one embodiment, a corresponding direct-axis voltage Ud is determined based on the voltage output by the battery; when the battery cell temperature is lower than a set temperature value, the corresponding direct-axis voltage Ud is increased to a set first voltage range; when the battery cell temperature is higher than the set temperature value, the corresponding direct-axis voltage Ud is decreased to a set second voltage range.

[0056] For ease of understanding, let's take an example. In the battery heating mode, the GCU obtains the amplitude and frequency of the direct-axis voltage Ud by looking up the table in real time based on the power battery output voltage. The preset table is obtained from previous experiments. When the battery cell temperature is low, according to the battery output voltage calculation formula U=U0-k*R*I, the battery internal resistance R is relatively large, and the battery output voltage U will be very small. At this time, the amplitude and frequency of Ud (direct-axis voltage) are set to larger values ​​to ensure that the battery cell temperature can rise rapidly in a short time. As the temperature rises, the battery output voltage gradually increases. At this time, the preset amplitude and frequency of Ud are set to smaller values ​​to avoid overheating of the battery cell due to high-power heating when the battery cell temperature is close to the preset optimal temperature.

[0057] In one embodiment, before calculating the on-off time of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor based on the direct-axis voltage of the generator controller calculated based on the battery output voltage and the preset quadrature-axis voltage of the generator controller, a determination is made as to whether the ambient temperature is less than a preset temperature threshold. If so, the vehicle controller VCU sends a starting torque command to the generator controller GCU based on the battery heating request sent by the power battery management system BMS, so as to control the generator to drive the engine speed to a preset speed through the GCU. When the preset speed is reached, the engine controller EMS controls the engine fuel injection and ignition in advance to complete the cold start of the range extender.

[0058] For ease of understanding, let's take an example. When the power battery management system (BMS) detects that the power battery temperature is lower than the battery's optimal operating temperature range, it sends a battery heating request to the vehicle controller (VCU). The VCU sends a starting torque to the generator controller (GCU). The GCU controls the generator to drag the engine speed to the preset low-temperature cold start speed. After reaching the preset speed, the engine controller (EMS) controls the engine fuel injection and ignition. After completing the cold start of the range extender, the VCU requests the generator to enter the battery heating control mode and the engine enters idle operation; and sends the battery heating instruction to the GCU. After receiving the battery heating instruction, the GCU enters the battery heating mode. At the same time, to ensure the safety of the entire vehicle and the normal operation of the battery heating system, the battery heating is only performed when the conditions are met, otherwise the battery heating is exited.

[0059] In one embodiment, if the range extender completes a cold start, it determines whether a power battery heating request has been received. If so, the engine is controlled to enter idle mode, while the generator is controlled to enter heating mode. The system then determines whether the power battery cell temperature has reached a preset value. When the battery cell temperature reaches the preset value, the generator exits heating mode and enters series power generation or shutdown mode. If the battery cell temperature does not reach the preset value, the generator is controlled to continue in heating mode. It should be noted that heating mode refers to a control mode in which the generator controller (GCU) obtains the amplitude and frequency of Ud based on the battery output voltage through a table lookup and sets Uq to 0. This can be understood as a mode in which battery heating is controlled via pulsed current.

[0060] In one embodiment, the step of determining whether the power battery meets the heating conditions is further included, which includes: determining whether the cell temperature is less than a preset value, whether the battery management system is faulty, whether the high-voltage system is faulty, whether the relay is energized, whether the bus voltage is greater than a set voltage, whether the vehicle is in a plugged-in charging state, whether the vehicle speed is zero, whether the gear is in P gear, whether the generator temperature is less than a preset temperature, whether the generator controller temperature is less than a preset temperature, whether the coolant temperature is less than a threshold, whether the engine water temperature is less than a preset water temperature, and whether the range extender is in a ready state; if any condition is not met, it is determined that the power battery does not meet the heating conditions; if all of the above conditions are met, it is determined that the power battery meets the heating conditions.

[0061] Step S102: Based on the on-off time, controlling the pulse current to heat the range-extended vehicle battery.

[0062] Specifically, the direct-axis voltage and quadrature-axis voltage of the generator controller are adjusted to control the motor's α-axis voltage vector Uα and β-axis voltage vector; the Uα and Uβ are adjusted to control the on- and off-times of the upper and lower arms of the insulated gate bipolar transistor of each phase; and the magnitude and frequency of the pulse current are controlled according to the length of the on- and off-times to heat the battery pack of the extended-range vehicle.

[0063] To facilitate understanding, let's give an example. Since the three-phase motor is an inductive load, the internal current does not disappear immediately when the IGBT is turned off, but flows back to the positive electrode of the power battery through the freewheeling diodes of the upper and lower bridge arms. When the IGBT is turned on, the current flows from the positive electrode of the battery to the motor, forming a pulse current to heat the battery; by controlling the size and frequency of the quadrature-axis voltage Ud, the on-off time of the three-phase IGBT can be controlled, thereby controlling the size and frequency of the pulse current.

[0064] The theoretical basis of the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm is the average value equivalence principle, which states that by combining the basic voltage vectors within a switching cycle, their average value is equal to the given voltage vector. In the α-β coordinate system, based on the synthetic vector reference voltage Uref of the Uα and Uβ voltage vectors, by controlling the on and off of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase IGBT, six basic voltage vectors and two zero voltage vectors can be constructed, as shown below: Figure 5As shown in the figure, there are 6 non-zero voltage vectors U1(001), U2(010), U3(011), U4(100), U5(101), U6(110) and two zero voltage vectors U0(000), U7(111), where 1 means the upper bridge arm is on and the lower bridge arm is off, and 0 means the upper bridge arm is off and the lower bridge arm is on, so U1(001) means the upper bridge arm of the U phase is off and the lower bridge arm is on, the upper arm of the V phase is off and the lower arm is on, the upper arm of the W phase is on and the lower arm is off. The current is cut off, that is, the current flows out from the positive electrode of the battery, passes through the upper arm power switch S5, the W-phase stator winding Lw and Rw, and then flows into the V-phase stator winding Lv, Rv and the lower arm switch S4, as well as the U-phase stator winding Lu, Ru and the lower arm switch S2, and then flows into the negative electrode of the power battery after merging. The size of the pulse current can be adjusted by adjusting the conduction time of the upper arm power switch S5, the lower arm power switch S4 and the lower arm power switch S2. The longer the conduction time, the greater the pulse current. When the upper and lower bridge arms S1 / S2 / S3 / S4 / S5 / S6 are disconnected, due to the inductance characteristics of the motor, the direction of the U / V / W stator winding current will not change immediately. The current flows out of the motor controller from the U stator winding through the freewheeling diode of the U-phase upper bridge arm power switch S1, and then flows into the positive electrode of the power battery. After flowing out from the negative electrode of the power battery, it flows into the V-phase stator winding and the W-phase stator winding through the freewheeling diode of the lower bridge arm S4 and the freewheeling diode of the lower bridge arm S5, thus forming a loop. At this time, the power battery current flows from the positive electrode into the negative electrode. At the same time, these 8 voltage vectors divide the complex plane into 6 sectors. The action time of the 8 voltage vectors U0 to U7 is represented by T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 respectively. According to the volt-second horizontal principle, the action time values ​​of different voltage vectors in each sector can be obtained as shown in Table 1 below:

[0065] Table 1

[0066]

[0067] in,

[0068]

[0069] N represents the sector number, Tfirst represents the duration of the first non-zero voltage vector counted counterclockwise within any sector, Tsecond represents the duration of the second non-zero voltage vector at the same time, T0 or T7 represents the duration of the zero voltage vector, and Ts is the SVPWM carrier period. For example, if the rotor position information determines that the current reference voltage vector falls within the first sector (N=1), then Tfirst and Tsecond are T4 and T6, respectively, and the corresponding non-zero voltage vectors are U4 and U6. Within each of the six sectors, the composite vector reference voltage Uref is determined based on two adjacent non-zero voltage vectors and two zero vectors; the application time of each voltage vector is shown in the table above.

[0070] By adjusting Ud and Uq, Uα and Uβ can be adjusted. By adjusting Uα and Uβ, the turn-on and turn-off time of the upper and lower arms of each phase IGBT can be adjusted, thereby controlling the size of the pulse current.

[0071] It should be noted that the d-axis (i.e., direct axis) is parallel to the direction of the rotor magnetic field, and the q-axis (i.e., quadrature axis) is perpendicular to the direction of the rotor magnetic field. Only the quadrature-axis voltage perpendicular to the magnetic field will generate torque. Since the quadrature-axis voltage Uq is 0, the direct-axis voltage Ud that changes in magnitude and frequency during the battery heating process will not generate torque. Therefore, during the battery heating process, there will be no abnormal noise or vibration of the range extender due to load changes. Although the engine has poor load capacity when idling, since Uq is 0, no torque is generated at the generator end. This ensures that the engine can quickly heat the battery to the appropriate temperature through pulse current while minimizing fuel consumption.

[0072] In one embodiment, the engine water temperature and the heat generated by the generator and the motor controller are used to heat the coolant flowing through the power battery through a thermal management system.

[0073] It can be understood that when starting for the first time at low temperatures, unlike the conventional generator which only starts to spray fuel and ignite when the engine speed exceeds the engine idle speed (800-1000rpm), the engine starts to spray fuel and ignite when the generator drags the engine to 200rpm, ensuring that the engine can be started stably even when the battery discharge power is limited at extremely low temperatures. After the engine is started and enters idle operation, the generator is controlled to enter the heating mode, and the on-off status of the power devices in the generator and the generator controller are used. On the one hand, the engine water temperature and the heat generated by the generator and the motor controller are used to heat the coolant flowing through the power battery through the thermal management system; on the other hand, the generator controller and the generator are used as carriers to perform pulse heating on the battery by utilizing the large internal resistance of the power battery at low temperatures; this method not only improves the battery heating rate; but also because the motor is not in a stalled state during battery pulse heating, the eddy currents generated between the rotating air gap magnetic field formed by the three-phase current and the stationary permanent magnet rotor are greatly reduced, avoiding the occurrence of eddy currents that cause overheating and demagnetization of the motor rotor permanent magnet, and can significantly reduce electromagnetic noise, and the range extender composed of the generator and the generator controller is not directly connected to the vehicle drive shaft, so there will be no unexpected vehicle vibration during the heating process, ensuring the safety of the vehicle during battery heating.

[0074] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0075] (1) When the engine is idling and the generator does not output torque to achieve the minimum fuel consumption of the range extender, the battery is quickly heated using pulse current, thereby improving the heating efficiency.

[0076] (2) During the pulse heating process, the rotating magnetic fields formed by the motor rotor and the three-phase stator current do not move relative to each other, so no eddy current will be generated, which will not cause the permanent magnet rotor to overheat and demagnetize, and will not generate uncomfortable electromagnetic noise.

[0077] (3) Since the heating carrier is a range extender that is decoupled from the vehicle drive shaft, the battery heating process will not affect the safety of the vehicle.

[0078] (4) Since the preset quadrature-axis voltage Uq is 0, no torque is generated at the generator end, ensuring that the noise and vibration of the range extender composed of the engine and generator can be minimized during the heating process.

[0079] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 2 The figure shows a schematic diagram of a battery heating device for a range-extended vehicle provided by the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the device includes:

[0080] Processing module 201 is used to calculate the on-off time of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor based on the direct-axis voltage of the generator controller calculated from the battery output voltage and the preset quadrature-axis voltage of the generator controller.

[0081] The control module 202 is configured to control the pulse current based on the on-off time to heat the battery of the range-extended vehicle.

[0082] Furthermore, in a possible implementation, the processing module is further configured to obtain the amplitude and frequency of the direct-axis voltage Ud of the generator controller by looking up the table in real time according to the output voltage of the power battery;

[0083] Set the generator controller quadrature axis voltage Uq to 0 and obtain the current rotor position signal of the motor;

[0084] Perform Park inverse transformation on Ud and Uq according to the rotor position information to obtain the generator controller α-axis voltage vector Uα and β-axis voltage vector Uβ;

[0085] Input Uα and Uβ into the SVPWM module, and calculate the on-time and off-time of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor through the space vector pulse width modulation algorithm.

[0086] Furthermore, in a possible implementation manner, the control module is further configured to control the motor α-axis voltage vector Uα and the β-axis voltage vector Uα by adjusting the direct-axis voltage and the quadrature-axis voltage of the generator controller;

[0087] By adjusting Uα and Uβ, the on and off time of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of each phase insulated gate bipolar transistor is controlled;

[0088] According to the length of the on and off time, the size and frequency of the pulse current are controlled to heat the battery pack of the extended-range vehicle.

[0089] Furthermore, in a possible implementation manner, the control module is further configured to determine a corresponding direct-axis voltage Ud according to the voltage output by the battery;

[0090] When the battery cell temperature is lower than a set temperature value, the corresponding direct axis voltage Ud is increased to a set first voltage range;

[0091] When the battery cell temperature is higher than a set temperature value, the corresponding direct-axis voltage Ud is adjusted down to a set second voltage range.

[0092] Furthermore, in a possible implementation, the processing module is further configured to determine whether the ambient temperature is less than a set temperature threshold;

[0093] If so, the vehicle controller VCU sends a starting torque command to the generator controller GCU according to the battery heating request sent by the power battery management system BMS, so as to control the generator to drive the engine speed to reach the preset speed through the GCU;

[0094] When the preset speed is reached, the engine controller EMS controls the engine fuel injection and ignition in advance to complete the cold start of the range extender.

[0095] Furthermore, in a possible implementation manner, the control module is further configured to, if it is determined that the range extender has completed a cold start, determine whether there is a heating request for the power battery;

[0096] If so, the engine is controlled to enter the idle state, the generator is controlled to enter the heating mode, and it is determined whether the temperature of the power battery cell reaches the preset value;

[0097] When the battery cell temperature reaches the preset value, the generator exits the heating mode and enters the series power generation or shutdown mode;

[0098] When the battery cell temperature does not reach the preset value, the generator is controlled to continue to enter the heating mode.

[0099] Furthermore, in one possible implementation, the processing module is further configured to determine whether the cell temperature is less than a preset value, whether the battery management system is faulty, whether the high-voltage system is faulty, whether the relay is energized, whether the bus voltage is greater than a set voltage, whether the vehicle is in a plugged-in charging state, whether the vehicle speed is zero, whether the gear is in P gear, whether the generator temperature is less than a preset temperature, whether the generator controller temperature is less than a preset temperature, whether the coolant temperature is less than a threshold, whether the engine water temperature is less than a preset water temperature, and whether the range extender is in a ready state;

[0100] If any of the conditions are not met, it is determined that the power battery does not meet the heating conditions;

[0101] If the above conditions are met at the same time, it is determined that the power battery meets the heating conditions.

[0102] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 3 The figure shows the connection diagram of the battery, generator controller and generator provided by the present invention. Figure 3 As shown:

[0103] The two ends of the motor controller input are connected to the high-voltage output of the power battery, and the output of the motor controller is connected to the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with a Y type connection. The motor controller controls the on and off of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase IGBT through the vector control unit; the amplitude and frequency of the U direct-axis voltage Ud under different battery output voltages are obtained according to the calibration of the whole vehicle, and the obtained Ud and the preset Uq=0 and the current rotor position signal of the motor are given to the Park inverse transformation module to obtain the α-axis voltage vector Uα and the β-axis voltage vector Uβ, and the α-axis voltage vector Uα and the β-axis voltage vector Uβ are sent to the SVPWM (space vector pulse width modulation algorithm) module. The SVPWM module calculates the on time and off time of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase IGBT based on Uα and Uβ.

[0104] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 4 The voltage space vector diagram provided by the present invention is shown as follows: Figure 4 As shown:

[0105] The theoretical basis of the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm is the average value equivalence principle, that is, by combining the basic voltage vectors within a switching cycle, their average value is equal to the given voltage vector. In the α-β coordinate system, based on the synthesis of the vector reference voltage Uref by the Uα and Uβ voltage vectors, by controlling the conduction and shutdown of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase IGBT, six basic voltage vectors and two zero voltage vectors can be constructed, as shown below Figure 5As shown in the figure, there are 6 non-zero voltage vectors U1(001), U2(010), U3(011), U4(100), U5(101), U6(110) and two zero voltage vectors U0(000), U7(111), where 1 means the upper bridge arm is on and the lower bridge arm is off, and 0 means the upper bridge arm is off and the lower bridge arm is on, so U1(001) means the upper bridge arm of the U phase is off and the lower bridge arm is on, the upper arm of the V phase is off and the lower arm is on, the upper arm of the W phase is on and the lower arm is off. The current is cut off, that is, the current flows out from the positive electrode of the battery, passes through the upper arm power switch S5, the W-phase stator winding Lw and Rw, and then flows into the V-phase stator winding Lv, Rv and the lower arm switch S4, as well as the U-phase stator winding Lu, Ru and the lower arm switch S2, and then flows into the negative electrode of the power battery after merging. The size of the pulse current can be adjusted by adjusting the conduction time of the upper arm power switch S5, the lower arm power switch S4 and the lower arm power switch S2. The longer the conduction time, the greater the pulse current. When the upper and lower bridge arms S1 / S2 / S3 / S4 / S5 / S6 are all disconnected, due to the inductance characteristics of the motor, the direction of the U / V / W stator winding current will not change immediately. The current flows out of the motor controller from the U stator winding through the freewheeling diode of the U-phase upper bridge arm power switch S1, and then flows into the positive electrode of the power battery. After flowing out from the negative electrode of the power battery, it passes through the freewheeling diode of the lower bridge arm S4 and the freewheeling diode of the lower bridge arm S5 and flows into the V-phase stator winding and the W-phase stator winding, thus forming a loop. At this time, the power battery current flows from the positive electrode into the negative electrode and out.

[0106] At the same time, these eight voltage vectors divide the complex plane into six sectors. The action times of the eight voltage vectors U0 to U7 are represented by T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 respectively. According to the volt-second horizontal principle, the action time values ​​of different voltage vectors in each sector can be obtained as shown in Table 1:

[0107] For example, if the rotor position information is used to determine that the current reference voltage vector falls within the first sector (N=1), then Tfirst and Tsecond are T4 and T6 respectively, and the corresponding non-zero voltage vectors are U4 and U6. In each of the six sectors, the synthetic vector reference voltage Uref is determined based on two adjacent non-zero voltage vectors and two zero vectors; the action time of each voltage vector is shown in Table 1 above.

[0108] By adjusting Ud and Uq, Uα and Uβ can be adjusted. By adjusting Uα and Uβ, the turn-on and turn-off time of the upper and lower arms of each phase IGBT can be adjusted, thereby controlling the size of the pulse current.

[0109] Refer to the following Figure 5 An electronic device 500 according to this embodiment of the present invention will be described. Figure 5The electronic device 500 shown is merely an example and should not limit the functions and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0110] like Figure 5 As shown, electronic device 500 is implemented as a general-purpose computing device. Components of electronic device 500 may include, but are not limited to, the aforementioned at least one processing unit 510, the aforementioned at least one storage unit 520, and a bus 530 connecting various system components (including storage unit 520 and processing unit 510).

[0111] The storage unit stores program codes, which can be executed by the processing unit 510, so that the processing unit 510 performs the steps according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention described in the above "Example Method" section of this specification.

[0112] The storage unit 520 may include a readable medium in the form of a volatile storage unit, such as a random access memory unit (RAM) 521 and / or a cache memory unit 522 , and may further include a read-only memory unit (ROM) 523 .

[0113] The storage unit 520 may also include a program / utility 524 having a set (at least one) of program modules 525, such program modules 525 including but not limited to: an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each of which or some combination may include an implementation of a network environment.

[0114] Bus 530 may represent one or more of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, a processing unit, or a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures.

[0115] The electronic device 500 can also communicate with one or more external devices (e.g., a keyboard, a pointing device, a Bluetooth device, etc.), one or more devices that enable a user to interact with the electronic device 500, and / or any device that enables the electronic device 500 to communicate with one or more other computing devices (e.g., a router, a modem, etc.). Such communication can occur via an input / output (I / O) interface 550. Furthermore, the electronic device 500 can communicate with one or more networks (e.g., a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and / or a public network such as the Internet) via a network adapter 560. As shown, the network adapter 560 communicates with other modules of the electronic device 500 via a bus 530. It should be understood that, although not shown in the figure, other hardware and / or software modules can be used in conjunction with the electronic device 500, including but not limited to microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data backup storage systems.

[0116] Through the description of the above embodiments, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the example embodiments described herein can be implemented by software or by combining software with necessary hardware. Therefore, the technical solution according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which can be a CD-ROM, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, etc.) or on a network, and includes several instructions to enable a computing device (which can be a personal computer, a server, a terminal device, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0117] According to the solution of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, on which a program product capable of implementing the above-mentioned method of this specification is stored. In some possible implementations, various aspects of the present invention may also be implemented in the form of a program product, which includes program code. When the program product is executed on a terminal device, the program code is used to cause the terminal device to perform the steps according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention described in the "Exemplary Methods" section of this specification.

[0118] refer to Figure 6 , a program product 600 for implementing the above-described method according to an embodiment of the present invention is described. The program product 600 may be a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) and include program code, and may be run on a terminal device, such as a personal computer. However, the program product of the present invention is not limited thereto. In this document, a readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0119] The program product may be implemented in any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. The readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or component, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of readable storage media include: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0120] A computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which carries readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take a variety of forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. A readable signal medium may also be any readable medium other than a readable storage medium that can transmit, propagate, or transfer a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0121] The program code embodied on the readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0122] The program code for performing the operations of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, C++, and the like, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as "C" or similar programming languages. The program code may be executed entirely on the user computing device, partially on the user device, as a stand-alone software package, partially on the user computing device and partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server. In cases involving a remote computing device, the remote computing device may be connected to the user computing device via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computing device (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0123] Furthermore, the above-described figures are merely illustrative of the processes included in the method according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting. It is readily understood that the processes illustrated in the above-described figures do not indicate or limit the temporal order of these processes. Furthermore, it is readily understood that these processes may be executed synchronously or asynchronously, for example, in multiple modules.

[0124] The foregoing is merely a list of specific embodiments of the present application, intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the present application.

[0125] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, as well as combinations of processes and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

Claims

1. A method for heating a battery of an extended-range vehicle, characterized in that: include: Determine whether the ambient temperature is lower than the set temperature threshold; If so, the vehicle controller VCU sends a starting torque command to the generator controller GCU according to the battery heating request sent by the power battery management system BMS, so as to control the generator to drive the engine speed to reach the preset speed through the GCU; When the preset speed is reached, the engine controller EMS controls the engine fuel injection and ignition in advance to complete the cold start of the range extender; If it is determined that the range extender has completed a cold start, determining whether there is a heating request for the power battery; If so, the engine is controlled to enter the idle state, the generator is controlled to enter the heating mode, and it is determined whether the temperature of the power battery cell reaches the preset value; When the battery cell temperature reaches the preset value, the generator exits the heating mode and enters the series power generation or shutdown mode; When the battery cell temperature does not reach the preset value, the generator is controlled to continue to enter the heating mode; Calculate the on-off time of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor based on the direct-axis voltage of the generator controller calculated based on the battery output voltage and the preset quadrature-axis voltage of the generator controller; Based on the on-off time, the pulse current is controlled to heat the range-extended vehicle battery.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The on-off time of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor is calculated based on the direct-axis voltage of the generator controller calculated based on the battery output voltage and the preset quadrature-axis voltage of the generator controller, including: According to the real-time table lookup of the power battery output voltage, the amplitude and frequency of the generator controller direct-axis voltage Ud are obtained; Set the generator controller quadrature axis voltage Uq to 0 and obtain the current rotor position signal of the motor; Perform Park inverse transformation on Ud and Uq according to the rotor position information to obtain the generator controller α-axis voltage vector Uα and β-axis voltage vector Uβ; Input Uα and Uβ into the SVPWM module, and calculate the on-time and off-time of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor through the space vector pulse width modulation algorithm.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The controlling of the pulse current based on the on-off time to heat the range-extended vehicle battery includes: By adjusting the direct-axis voltage and quadrature-axis voltage of the generator controller, the motor α-axis voltage vector Uα and β-axis voltage vector Uβ are controlled; By adjusting Uα and Uβ, the on and off time of the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm of each phase insulated gate bipolar transistor is controlled; According to the length of the on and off time, the size and frequency of the pulse current are controlled to heat the battery pack of the extended-range vehicle.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein Also includes: According to the voltage output by the battery, determine the corresponding direct axis voltage Ud; When the battery cell temperature is lower than a set temperature value, the corresponding direct axis voltage Ud is increased to a set first voltage range; When the battery cell temperature is higher than a set temperature value, the corresponding direct-axis voltage Ud is adjusted down to a set second voltage range.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The method further includes the step of determining whether the power battery meets the heating conditions, which includes: Determine whether the battery cell temperature is less than a preset value, whether the battery management system is faulty, whether the high-voltage system is faulty, whether the relay is energized, whether the bus voltage is greater than a set voltage, whether the vehicle is in a plug-in charging state, whether the vehicle speed is zero, whether the gear is in P gear, whether the generator temperature is less than a preset temperature, whether the generator controller temperature is less than a preset temperature, whether the coolant temperature is less than a threshold, whether the engine water temperature is less than a preset water temperature, and whether the range extender is in a ready state; If any of the conditions are not met, it is determined that the power battery does not meet the heating conditions; If the above conditions are met at the same time, it is determined that the power battery meets the heating conditions.

6. A battery heating device for an extended-range vehicle, characterized in that: include: The processing module is further used to determine whether the ambient temperature is lower than a set temperature threshold; If so, the vehicle controller VCU sends a starting torque command to the generator controller GCU according to the battery heating request sent by the power battery management system BMS, so as to control the generator to drive the engine speed to reach the preset speed through the GCU; When the preset speed is reached, the engine controller EMS controls the engine fuel injection and ignition in advance to complete the cold start of the range extender; The control module is further configured to determine whether there is a heating request for the power battery after determining that the range extender has completed a cold start; If so, the engine is controlled to enter the idle state, the generator is controlled to enter the heating mode, and it is determined whether the temperature of the power battery cell reaches the preset value; When the battery cell temperature reaches the preset value, the generator exits the heating mode and enters the series power generation or shutdown mode; When the battery cell temperature does not reach the preset value, the generator is controlled to continue to enter the heating mode; a processing module for calculating the on-off time of the upper and lower bridge arms of the three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor based on the direct-axis voltage of the generator controller calculated from the battery output voltage and a preset quadrature-axis voltage of the generator controller; A control module is configured to control the pulse current based on the on-off time to heat the battery of the range-extended vehicle.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises: processor; A memory having computer-readable instructions stored thereon, wherein when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer program instructions are stored therein, and when the computer program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is caused to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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