Karst adverse geological assessment method and treatment method based on ultrasonic detection

Abstract

The present invention provides a karst unfavorable geological assessment method and processing method based on ultrasonic detection. The karst unfavorable geological assessment method includes the following steps: Step 1: Acquire a suspected detection area in a target area; Step 2: Detect the suspected detection area using ultrasonic detection technology and determine ultrasonic detection characteristics; and Step 3: Generate an assessment result for the suspected detection area based on the ultrasonic detection characteristics. The karst unfavorable geological assessment method and processing method based on ultrasonic detection of the present invention introduces ultrasonic detection technology to extract ultrasonic detection characteristics of the suspected detection area in an area requiring karst unfavorable geological assessment. An assessment result for the suspected detection area is generated based on the ultrasonic detection characteristics. This improves the convenience and accuracy of karst unfavorable geological assessment, and makes subsequent processing based on the assessment results more appropriate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of narrowband Internet of Things, and in particular to a karst adverse geological assessment method and a processing method based on ultrasonic detection. Background Art

[0002] Karst landforms are a general term for surface and subsurface formations formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks by water. Unfavorable karst geology primarily includes surface rock buds, funnels, depressions, and karst troughs, as well as hidden sinkholes and caves. Unfavorable karst geology can pose numerous safety risks during construction, making a detailed pre-construction assessment and appropriate safety measures crucial. Ultrasonic detection can accurately characterize karst phenomena revealed by drilling, helping to identify the regional geological setting, site topography, and stratigraphic lithology of karst development.

[0003] The invention patent application number CN201611203094.8 discloses a tunnel geological karst risk assessment method based on fuzzy judgment. The method includes the following steps: 1) Conducting tunnel geological surveys to obtain stratigraphic lithology information of the tunnel and its surrounding rock; 2) If the lithology is soluble rock including limestone, dolomite, gypsum, or soluble conglomerate, or near its contact zone with non-soluble rock; and the water level is lower than the groundwater level and higher than the lower limit of karst development, then the tunnel geological karst risk is assessed as high risk; 3) Collecting hydrogeological information of the tunnel and its surrounding rock, establishing an indicator hierarchy table, and calculating the risk level value based on the indicator hierarchy table and the factor weights obtained by fuzzy mathematics; 4) Determining the karst cave water inrush level based on the risk level value. The above invention quantifies the karst cave water inrush scoring standard and risk level classification, making it intuitive and visible, and the degree of influencing factors can be clearly judged based on the score.

[0004] However, when conducting geological exploration using the above-mentioned existing technologies, it is necessary to conduct in-depth exploration inside the tunnel, which is less convenient and relies on the experience of the explorers to obtain the exploration results. When the explorers are inexperienced, the accuracy of the exploration is low.

[0005] In view of this, there is an urgent need for karst adverse geological assessment methods and treatment methods based on ultrasonic detection to at least solve the above-mentioned deficiencies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One objective of the present invention is to provide a method and process for assessing karst adverse geological conditions based on ultrasonic detection. Ultrasonic detection technology is used to extract ultrasonic detection features of suspected detection areas in areas requiring karst adverse geological conditions assessment. Based on the ultrasonic detection features, assessment results for the suspected detection areas are generated. This improves the convenience and accuracy of karst adverse geological conditions assessment, and also makes subsequent processing based on the assessment results more appropriate.

[0007] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating karst adverse geology based on ultrasonic detection, including:

[0008] Step 1: Obtain the suspicious detection area of the target area;

[0009] Step 2: Detect the suspicious detection area based on ultrasonic detection technology and determine the ultrasonic detection characteristics;

[0010] Step 3: Generate an assessment result of the suspicious detection area based on the ultrasonic detection characteristics.

[0011] Preferably, step 1: obtaining a suspicious detection area of the target area includes:

[0012] Obtain historical detection records of karst adverse geology;

[0013] Determine the basis for suspicious detection areas based on historical detection records;

[0014] The suspicious detection area is determined based on the basis for determining the suspicious detection area and the area information of the target area.

[0015] Preferably, the basis for determining the suspicious detection area based on historical detection records includes:

[0016] Extract the first target area features based on historical detection records;

[0017] Performing feature clustering based on the first target area feature to determine a target area feature cluster;

[0018] Determine a first target region feature corresponding to the target region feature cluster and use it as a second target region feature;

[0019] In the same target region feature cluster, each second target region feature is traversed in sequence, and the second target region feature being traversed is used as the third target region feature;

[0020] Extracting the associated target region features of the third target region features according to the historical detection records of the third target region features;

[0021] If the associated target area feature meets the feature combination condition, the associated target area feature and the second target area feature are used as a feature combination, and the feature combination is used as a basis for determining the suspicious detection area;

[0022] If the associated target area feature does not meet the feature combination condition, the second target area feature is used as the basis for determining the suspicious detection area.

[0023] Preferably, the characteristic combination conditions include:

[0024] In the historical detection records where each fourth target area feature is located, an associated target area feature of the fourth target area feature that is similar to the associated target area feature of the third target area feature can be found, and the associated target area feature of the fourth target area feature has similar features to the first target area feature; wherein the fourth target area feature is the second target area feature other than the third target area feature in the same target area feature cluster.

[0025] Preferably, step 2: detecting the suspicious detection area based on ultrasonic detection technology and determining ultrasonic detection characteristics includes:

[0026] Detect suspicious detection areas based on ultrasonic detection technology and obtain ultrasonic detection signals;

[0027] Based on the ultrasonic detection signal feature extraction template, the ultrasonic detection feature is determined according to the ultrasonic detection signal.

[0028] Preferably, step 3: generating an evaluation result of the suspicious detection area based on the ultrasonic detection characteristics includes:

[0029] Obtaining karst adverse geological assessment models;

[0030] The ultrasonic detection characteristics are input into the karst adverse geological assessment model to obtain the assessment results.

[0031] The method for treating unfavorable karst geological conditions based on ultrasonic detection provided by an embodiment of the present invention further includes:

[0032] Obtaining an assessment result of a suspicious detection area in the target area, wherein the assessment result is assessed using the above-mentioned karst adverse geology assessment method;

[0033] Guide foundation treatment in areas with adverse karst geology based on assessment results;

[0034] During the foundation treatment process, ultrasonic detection technology is used to coordinate foundation treatment and construction process verification;

[0035] After the foundation treatment process is completed, the karst poor geological area is comprehensively checked.

[0036] Preferably, the assessment results are used to guide the foundation treatment in the karst adverse geological area, including:

[0037] Based on the assessment results, determine the design requirements for the planned treatment caves in the karst adverse geological areas;

[0038] Loft out and determine drilling hole position marks according to design requirements;

[0039] Control the drilling rig to go to the drilling hole mark to carry out drilling construction;

[0040] Analyze design requirements and obtain the theoretical injection volume for each borehole;

[0041] Conduct on-site pouring tests based on theoretical pouring volume to determine construction parameters;

[0042] Carry out foundation treatment according to construction parameters.

[0043] The method for treating unfavorable karst geological conditions based on ultrasonic detection provided by an embodiment of the present invention further includes:

[0044] When performing foundation treatment according to construction parameters, if the total pouring volume reaches half of the designed pouring volume in the design requirements, and the pouring pressure increase value is less than or equal to the preset pouring pressure increase value threshold, the cause of the abnormal pressure increase is attributed and the construction parameters are adjusted accordingly.

[0045] Preferably, the cause of the abnormal blood pressure increase is attributed, including:

[0046] Obtaining empirical data on abnormal perfusion pressure;

[0047] Based on the empirical data of abnormal perfusion pressure, the abnormal scenario set is determined;

[0048] Calculate the scenario similarity between the abnormal scenario and the construction scenario in the abnormal scenario set;

[0049] If the scenario similarity is greater than or equal to the preset scenario similarity threshold, the corresponding abnormal scenario is used as the target scenario;

[0050] Analyze abnormal perfusion pressure experience data and obtain subsequent analysis records of target scenarios;

[0051] Extract similar analysis items between subsequent analysis records;

[0052] Extract the different analysis items between subsequent analysis records;

[0053] comparing the accuracy of a first analysis result in a subsequent analysis record having different analysis items and a second analysis result in a corresponding different subsequent analysis record;

[0054] If the accuracy of the first analysis result is greater than that of the second analysis result, the different analysis items are used as supplementary items;

[0055] Similar analysis items and supplementary items extracted from the same subsequent analysis record are taken together as combined items;

[0056] When attributing the cause of the boost anomaly, attribution is performed when the attribution item meets the attribution condition; the attribution condition is: there is at least one combination item for which each content item can find a corresponding attribution item.

[0057] Preferably, an overall verification is performed on the karst adverse geological area, including:

[0058] Based on the drilling core inspection method, the fullness of the stable cavity is tested;

[0059] Based on heavy-duty dynamic penetration tests, the strength of the grouting that stabilizes the cavern is tested;

[0060] Among them, based on the drilling core inspection method, the fullness of the stable cavity is inspected, including:

[0061] Obtaining drill core samples from stable caverns;

[0062] Based on the drill core samples, the average ratio of core length to drilling depth was obtained;

[0063] Get the core description vector of the drill core sample;

[0064] Determine the library based on the core description vector and the preset standard correction value, and determine the standard correction value of the average ratio;

[0065] The average ratio and the standard correction value are multiplied correspondingly to obtain a fullness determination value. If the fullness determination value is greater than or equal to a preset fullness determination value threshold, it is determined that the fullness of the stable cavity has passed the test;

[0066] Among them, based on the heavy dynamic penetration test, the strength of the grouting body of the stable cavern is tested, including:

[0067] Obtain the shape information of the grouting body that stabilizes the cavity;

[0068] Determine the shape characteristics of the grouting body according to the shape information of the grouting body;

[0069] Determine the heavy-duty dynamic penetration scheme based on the shape characteristics of the grouting body and the standard shape characteristics;

[0070] According to the heavy-duty dynamic probing scheme, the strength of the grouting body that stabilizes the cavern is tested.

[0071] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0072] This invention uses ultrasonic detection technology to extract ultrasonic detection features of suspected detection areas in areas requiring karst adverse geological assessment. Based on these ultrasonic detection features, assessment results for the suspected detection areas are generated. This improves the convenience and accuracy of karst adverse geological assessments, and also makes subsequent processing based on the assessment results more appropriate.

[0073] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be achieved and obtained through the structures specifically pointed out in this application document.

[0074] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0075] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0076] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a karst adverse geological assessment method based on ultrasonic detection in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0078] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating karst adverse geology based on ultrasonic detection, such as Figure 1 Shown, including:

[0079] Step 1: Obtain the suspected detection area of the target area; the target area is an area that needs to be evaluated for karst adverse geology, such as an area where engineering construction is required; the suspected detection area is an area that may have karst adverse geology, such as a carbonate rock distribution area;

[0080] Step 2: Detect the suspicious detection area using ultrasonic detection technology and determine ultrasonic detection characteristics; wherein the ultrasonic detection characteristics are: reflection, propagation, and attenuation characteristics of the suspicious detection area obtained by ultrasonic detection technology;

[0081] Step 3: Generate an assessment result of the suspected detection area based on the ultrasonic detection characteristics. The assessment result includes: the presence of unfavorable karst geological manifestations in the suspected detection area, such as surface rock buds, funnels, depressions, and karst troughs.

[0082] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0083] This invention uses ultrasonic detection technology to extract ultrasonic detection features of suspected detection areas in areas requiring karst adverse geological assessment. Based on these ultrasonic detection features, assessment results for the suspected detection areas are generated. This improves the convenience and accuracy of karst adverse geological assessments, and also makes subsequent processing based on the assessment results more appropriate.

[0084] In one embodiment, step 1: obtaining a suspicious detection area of a target area includes:

[0085] Obtain historical records of adverse karst geology; historical records include adverse geological phenomena and related data recorded during past geological surveys, exploration, or monitoring in karst areas, such as surface features;

[0086] Determine the basis for determining the suspicious detection area based on historical detection records; the basis for determining the suspicious detection area is: the basis or standard for determining the suspicious detection area, such as: what surface features constitute a suspicious detection area;

[0087] The suspicious detection area is determined based on the basis for determining the suspicious detection area and the area information of the target area.

[0088] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0089] When conducting an assessment of karst adverse geology in a target area, the detection efficiency of directly performing ultrasonic detection on the entire target area is low. Therefore, the present invention determines the basis for determining the suspicious detection area through the historical detection records of karst adverse geology, and determines the suspicious detection area based on the basis for determining the suspicious detection area and the regional information of the target area. The process of determining the suspicious detection area is more appropriate.

[0090] In one embodiment, the basis for determining the suspicious detection area based on historical detection records includes:

[0091] Extracting the first target area characteristics based on historical detection records; wherein the first target area characteristics are: regional characteristics of areas where karst adverse geology has been detected in history;

[0092] Perform feature clustering based on the first target region feature to determine a target region feature cluster; wherein the target region feature cluster is: a set including multiple similar first target region features obtained by feature clustering;

[0093] Determine a first target region feature corresponding to the target region feature cluster and use it as a second target region feature;

[0094] In the same target region feature cluster, each second target region feature is traversed in sequence, and the second target region feature being traversed is used as the third target region feature;

[0095] Extracting, based on the historical detection record where the third target region feature is located, a target region feature associated with the third target region feature; wherein the associated target region feature is: the first target region feature other than the third target region feature in the historical detection record where the third target region feature is located;

[0096] If the associated target area feature satisfies the feature combination condition, the associated target area feature and the second target area feature are used as a feature combination, and the feature combination is used as a basis for determining the suspicious detection area; wherein the feature combination condition is: whether the associated target area feature and the second target area feature work together to determine the suspicious detection area;

[0097] If the associated target area feature does not meet the feature combination condition, the second target area feature is used as the basis for determining the suspicious detection area.

[0098] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0099] To determine the basis for determining the suspicious detection area, extract the first target area features of the area where karst adverse geology has been detected in the past, perform feature clustering on the first target area features to obtain the target area feature cluster, and then determine the second target area features corresponding to the target area feature cluster. The second target area features eliminate the interference features in the first target area features. The basis for determining the suspicious detection area may have more than one type of basis. For example, obvious karst landforms (such as caves and karst depressions) and special hydrogeological conditions (such as karst springs and underground rivers) cannot directly determine the suspicious detection area on their own, but the coexistence of the two can be determined. Therefore, the associated target area features of the third target area features in the same target area feature cluster are obtained to determine whether the associated target area features meet the feature combination conditions. If they meet the conditions, the associated target area features and the second target area features are used as a feature combination, and the feature combination is used as the basis for determining the suspicious detection area. If they do not meet the conditions, the second target area features are directly used as the basis for determining the suspicious detection area, thereby improving the rationality of the process of determining the basis for determining the suspicious detection area.

[0100] In one embodiment, the feature combination condition includes:

[0101] In the historical detection records where each fourth target area feature is located, an associated target area feature of the fourth target area feature that is similar to the associated target area feature of the third target area feature can be found, and the associated target area feature of the fourth target area feature has similar features to the first target area feature; wherein the fourth target area feature is the second target area feature other than the third target area feature in the same target area feature cluster.

[0102] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0103] The present invention introduces a feature combination condition, specifically, in each historical detection record where the fourth target area feature is located, an associated target area feature of the fourth target area feature that is similar to the associated target area feature of the third target area feature can be found, indicating that the third target area feature and the associated target area feature appear correspondingly in each historical detection record corresponding to the target area feature cluster. In addition, the associated target area feature also has similar features to the first target area feature, that is, the associated target area feature itself has also appeared in the area features corresponding to the historical detection records, thereby improving the accuracy of obtaining the basis for determining the suspicious detection area.

[0104] In one embodiment, step 2: detecting the suspicious detection area based on ultrasonic detection technology and determining ultrasonic detection characteristics includes:

[0105] Detecting the suspicious detection area based on ultrasonic detection technology to obtain an ultrasonic detection signal; wherein the ultrasonic detection signal is: a detection signal of the ultrasonic detection equipment;

[0106] Based on the ultrasonic detection signal feature extraction template, ultrasonic detection features are determined based on the ultrasonic detection signal. The ultrasonic detection signal feature extraction template is used to generate parameters representing underground structural characteristics based on the ultrasonic detection signal. Ultrasonic detection features include signal strength, frequency, waveform, arrival time, and attenuation rate.

[0107] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0108] The present invention detects ultrasonic detection signals based on ultrasonic detection technology, and introduces an ultrasonic detection signal feature extraction template to extract ultrasonic detection features in the ultrasonic detection signals, so that the extraction efficiency of the ultrasonic detection features is higher.

[0109] In one embodiment, step 3: generating an assessment result of the suspicious detection area based on the ultrasonic detection characteristics includes:

[0110] Obtaining a karst adverse geological assessment model; wherein the karst adverse geological assessment model is an AI model trained based on manual karst adverse geological assessment records based on ultrasonic detection records;

[0111] The ultrasonic detection characteristics are input into the karst adverse geological assessment model to obtain the assessment results.

[0112] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0113] The present invention introduces a karst adverse geological assessment model to automatically obtain assessment results based on ultrasonic detection characteristics, which is more intelligent.

[0114] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating unfavorable karst geology based on ultrasonic detection, including:

[0115] Obtaining an assessment result of a suspicious detection area in a target area, wherein the assessment result is assessed using the karst adverse geology assessment method described in any one of the above embodiments;

[0116] The assessment results guide the foundation treatment of karst unfavorable geological areas. The foundation treatment includes: pre-mixing fluidized solidified soil to treat the unfavorable karst geological conditions. The unused red clay on site is fully mixed with the prepared solidifying agent slurry in a certain proportion. The fluidized solidified soil mixture or the pure solidifying agent slurry is injected into the cave through high-pressure concrete pouring technology, high-pressure rotary jet technology, etc.

[0117] During the foundation treatment process, ultrasonic detection technology is used to coordinate the foundation treatment and construction process verification. The coordinated foundation treatment and construction process verification includes: when performing foundation treatment, ultrasonic testing is immediately performed after a treatment process is completed, and the treatment results are verified to determine whether the treatment is appropriate, and timely adjustments are made.

[0118] After the foundation treatment process is completed, the karst unfavorable geological area is comprehensively verified. The comprehensive verification includes: after all foundation treatment processes are completed, ultrasonic detection technology is used to detect whether all karst caves have been filled.

[0119] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0120] The foundation treatment process includes:

[0121] (1) Measurement and layout

[0122] The drill holes to be treated are precisely laid out according to the spacing required by the design, and reinforced with steel bars as markers. The drill holes include high-pressure injection solidification holes and high-pressure rotary grouting holes.

[0123] (2) Drilling rig in place and drilling

[0124] Before the drilling rig is put into place, the lava treatment site should be leveled, the drilling rig should be moved to the hole to be drilled, the drill bit should be aligned with the center of the hole, and the drilling rig should be leveled, placed stably and horizontally, and the verticality of the drill rod should be adjusted. Then the position of the drilling rig should be adjusted so that the drill bit is aligned with the hole to be drilled.

[0125] Once the drilling rig is in place, drilling can begin. A geological drill is used to drill holes, and the distribution and filling type of the karst (soil) caverns are verified. The holes are 127mm in diameter and deep enough to reach the cavern floor. A 110mm PVC pipe is inserted after drilling to ensure the hole does not collapse during the pouring and grouting process.

[0126] Any grouting hole and its surrounding adjacent holes can be used as vent holes and observation holes, without the need to drill separate holes as vent holes and observation holes.

[0127] The hole diameter error is no more than 5mm, the plane size error of the drilling position is no more than 50mm, and the inclination of the hole is no more than 1.0%.

[0128] (3) Preparation of solidified soil mixture

[0129] The solidification soil mix ratio was determined experimentally in the laboratory based on a reference mix ratio provided by the design and the design requirements for fill density and grout strength after unstable cavity treatment. The mix ratio of solidification agent slurry is 1:1 (mass ratio); the mix ratio of premixed fluidized solidification soil is 1:0.15:1 (mass ratio).

[0130] When drilling, start mixing the fluidized solidified soil according to the mix ratio. First, prepare the solidifying agent slurry. Use an automatic cement slurry maker to make the solidifying agent slurry. Add the solidifying agent to the feed hopper and water directly to the mixing barrel. Turn on the mixer. The feed ratio of the solidifying agent and water is automatically controlled by the mixer. Stir for 10 to 20 minutes to prepare the solidifying agent slurry. Next, prepare the fluidized solidified soil. Pump the solidifying agent slurry into the mixing tank of the sprayer. At the same time, use a loader to add red clay to the feed hopper. Start the stirring and mixing device. The feed ratio of red clay and solidifying agent slurry is automatically controlled by the mixer. Stir for 30 minutes to prepare the fluidized solidified soil for pumping and pouring.

[0131] (4) Pumping fluidized solidified soil

[0132] Before construction, the grouting volume for each hole is calculated based on the theoretical design volume. In combination with the theoretical design volume, on-site grouting tests are conducted to determine construction parameters such as grouting pressure, amount of fluidized solidified soil, mix ratio, and grouting times. The relevant parameters obtained are used as construction control parameters for formal construction.

[0133] Use the seeding machine's built-in pump to inject the fluidized solidified soil into the cavern through a high-pressure delivery pipe. The vertical pipe is raised and lowered as the soil is poured, allowing for segmented injection. The fluidity of the fluidized solidified soil does not need to be controlled; the thicker the better, as long as it meets pumping requirements. Control the injection volume and speed for each injection stage. If the injection pressure does not increase significantly after reaching half the theoretical design volume, stop the injection immediately and analyze the cause or adjust the process parameters. During injection, closely monitor changes in the cavern surface. If cracks or ground rise are detected, reduce the pumping pressure and injection volume.

[0134] Termination conditions for high-pressure grouting of fluidized solidified soil: a. Slurry bubbling out of the hole or slurry and water backflow near the hole; b. The grouting volume of fluidized solidified soil in a single hole reaches the theoretical design volume; either of the two conditions will suffice.

[0135] After the fluidized solidified soil hardens to a certain strength (for example: 3d), the high-pressure rotary jet grouting method is used to further fill the incompletely filled parts and pores.

[0136] (5) Positioning of high-pressure spraying trolley, test spraying, and intubation

[0137] Before the high-pressure spraying trolley is put into place, check whether the hole position marks and grouting holes have been damaged by the high-pressure grouting fluidized soil solidification construction. If damaged, re-drill the hole position and drill the holes.

[0138] The high-pressure jet grouting trolley is moved to the hole mouth and then the hydraulic legs are raised and lowered to level the trolley, with the spray rod aligned with the center of the hole mouth.

[0139] Before lowering the spray boom into the hole, stop at the hole mouth and conduct a test spray to check whether the various pipelines, mechanical operation and nozzle spraying are normal. After all parameters meet the requirements, lower the spray boom into the hole.

[0140] Use the winch on the high-pressure jet trolley to lift the spray boom, align the nozzle through the hole opening with the center of the hole, and adjust the spray direction so that the nozzle is aligned with the center of the spray range. Lower the spray boom into the hole until it reaches the bottom of the hole. After passing the inspection by the quality inspection and supervisor, high-pressure jet grouting can be carried out.

[0141] (6) Preparation of curing agent slurry

[0142] Prepare the curing agent slurry according to the curing agent slurry preparation method, and pump the prepared slurry into the barrel of a high-pressure grouting pump to be used for high-pressure rotary jet grouting.

[0143] (7) High-pressure jet grouting operation

[0144] 1. In-situ static spraying

[0145] After the nozzle reaches the bottom of the hole, first send high-pressure curing agent pure slurry and compressed air, and perform in-situ spraying according to the specified technical parameters. After checking that all spraying parameters meet the specified values and the spraying situation is normal, start lifting and spraying.

[0146] 2. Jet lifting

[0147] The high-pressure jet grouting operation is carried out continuously while rotating and lifting at the lifting speed determined by the experiment. When the hole depth exceeds the length of the spray rod and the spray rod needs to be replaced, the jet grouting operation is resumed. The spray rod should be reinserted into the sprayed solid body for more than 0.5m, and the spraying should be continued for 2 minutes according to the design parameters. If special circumstances require that the spraying be stopped and the spray rod be extended, the hole must be re-washed. The hole washing depth is 1.5m below the stop spraying elevation, and the jet pipe must be inserted at least 1.0m below the stop spraying elevation. When the lifting reaches 1.0m from the top elevation of the designed reinforcement body, the lifting speed should be slowed down, and the high-pressure jet grouting of the hole is terminated after reaching the specified final spraying elevation.

[0148] Before construction, calculate the remaining grouting volume in advance, and inject grouting in sequence from bottom to top according to the grouting holes. Spray 0.3 to 0.5 m more at the top of the grouting section, the grouting pressure should be greater than 30 MPa, and the injection rate should be greater than 20% (the volume ratio of slurry to reinforced soil).

[0149] 3. Grouting and backfilling

[0150] After the jet grouting is completed, the slurry will generally shrink to varying degrees due to water separation, resulting in a concave cavity at the top of the solidified body. Combined with hole sealing, static pressure grouting is performed. After the grouting is completed, the jet equipment (nozzle and spray rod) is removed and the remaining grout is used to continue grouting from the hole mouth until the slurry level no longer sinks.

[0151] 4. Parameter inspection and recording

[0152] Every half hour, check the slurry inlet, slurry return density, air pressure, water pressure, slurry pressure, lifting speed and other construction parameters and make records. If any abnormal situation occurs during the construction process, record it and notify the supervisor and designer in time.

[0153] During the spraying process, special personnel are assigned to inspect various lines (pipelines), and quality inspectors monitor the construction parameters throughout the entire process. If there is any deviation, it will be corrected immediately.

[0154] (8) Cleaning and relocation of equipment

[0155] After the hole spraying is completed, inject an appropriate amount of clean water into the slurry tank, turn on the high-pressure pump, clean the remaining cement slurry in all pipelines until they are clean, and clean the soil adhering to the spraying pipe head to avoid clogging of the pipeline.

[0156] Move the pile driver to carry out the construction of the next drilling hole.

[0157] (9) Detection

[0158] After treatment, the filling inside the stable cave body should be dense and stable. The inspection contents include the filling density and grouting body strength inspection. The fullness is tested by core drilling, and the grouting body strength is tested by heavy-duty dynamic probing test.

[0159] The present invention determines the karst unfavorable geological area and performs foundation treatment based on the evaluation results of the suspicious detection area. During the treatment process, the foundation treatment and construction process are coordinated and verified, and then an overall verification is performed in the end, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of the geological treatment.

[0160] In one embodiment, the assessment results are used to guide foundation treatment in karst adverse geological areas, including:

[0161] Based on the assessment results, determine the design requirements for the planned cave treatment in the karst adverse geological area. The design requirements include: the planned cave treatment is based on the requirements for the premixed fluidized solidified soil karst adverse geological foundation treatment, such as where to set the drilling holes, what slurry ratio is required, and how much grouting volume is required for each drill hole.

[0162] Loft out and determine the drilling hole position marks according to the design requirements; the drilling hole position marks are: steel bars placed at the drilling hole positions;

[0163] Control the drilling rig to go to the drilling hole mark to carry out drilling construction;

[0164] Analyze the design requirements and obtain the theoretical injection volume for each borehole. The theoretical injection volume is the amount of fluidized solidified soil that should be injected into the borehole.

[0165] Conduct on-site grouting tests based on the theoretical grouting volume to determine construction parameters; construction parameters include: control parameters of construction equipment such as mud mixing grouting, imported soil spraying machine, high-pressure mud pump, and fluidized soil grouting machine.

[0166] Carry out foundation treatment according to construction parameters.

[0167] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0168] Based on the assessment results, the present invention determines the design requirements for the cave to be treated. Based on these design requirements, the drill hole locations are determined and marked. The drilling rig is then controlled to drill at the marked locations, and a grouting test is performed based on the theoretical grouting volume of the drill hole. The grouting test results are used to determine the construction parameters of each construction equipment. Foundation treatment is then performed based on these construction parameters, resulting in a more optimal treatment process.

[0169] In one embodiment, performing foundation treatment according to construction parameters further includes:

[0170] When performing foundation treatment according to construction parameters, if the total injection volume reaches half of the design requirement and the injection pressure increase is less than or equal to the preset injection pressure increase threshold, the cause of the pressure increase anomaly is attributed and the construction parameters are adjusted accordingly. The injection pressure increase threshold is manually preset.

[0171] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0172] Generally, the injection pressure increase value will increase with the increase of the filling volume. Based on the pressure information, the abnormal situation can be attributed. Therefore, the present invention performs injection pressure detection during the drilling injection process. When the injection volume reaches half of the theoretical design volume, if the injection pressure does not increase significantly, it will be stopped immediately and the cause will be analyzed or the process parameters will be adjusted, thereby improving the timeliness of the detection of injection abnormalities.

[0173] In one embodiment, attributing the cause of the boost abnormality includes:

[0174] Acquire abnormal injection pressure experience data; wherein the abnormal injection pressure experience data is: data records collected in previous construction or injection operations that are abnormal compared to normal injection pressure;

[0175] Based on the abnormal perfusion pressure empirical data, an abnormal scenario set is determined; wherein the abnormal scenario set includes abnormal features, such as: the perfusion pressure is greater than the theoretical value, or: the perfusion pressure is less than the theoretical value;

[0176] Calculate the scenario similarity between the abnormal scenarios and the construction scenarios in the abnormal scenario set; the construction scenario is a pouring scenario when the total pouring volume reaches half of the designed total pouring volume in the design requirements and the pouring pressure increase value is less than or equal to the preset pouring pressure increase value threshold;

[0177] If the scenario similarity is greater than or equal to a preset scenario similarity threshold, the corresponding abnormal scenario is used as the target scenario; wherein the scenario similarity threshold is manually preset;

[0178] Analyze the abnormal perfusion pressure empirical data to obtain a subsequent analysis record of the target scenario; wherein the subsequent analysis record is: a manual analysis record of the abnormal perfusion pressure of the target scenario;

[0179] Extracting similar analysis items between subsequent analysis records; wherein similar analysis items are: similar analysis contents appearing in different subsequent analysis records;

[0180] Extracting different analysis items between subsequent analysis records; wherein different analysis items are: different or different analysis contents appearing in different subsequent analysis records;

[0181] Comparing the accuracy of the first analysis result in the subsequent analysis record with the different analysis items and the second analysis result in the corresponding different subsequent analysis record; where the analysis result is the anomaly attribution result, the accuracy is the degree of accuracy of the anomaly attribution, which is determined based on the error of the subsequent verification and attribution results;

[0182] If the accuracy of the first analysis result is greater than that of the second analysis result, the different analysis items are used as supplementary items;

[0183] Similar analysis items and supplementary items extracted from the same subsequent analysis record are taken together as combined items;

[0184] When attributing the cause of a boost anomaly, attribution is performed when the attribution item meets the attribution condition. The attribution condition is that at least one of the combination items has a corresponding attribution item. The attribution item is the attribution content.

[0185] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0186] When abnormal pressure is boosted, the present invention introduces empirical data on abnormal perfusion pressure and selects target scenarios with similar abnormal scenarios. Subsequent analysis records for the target scenarios are obtained, and similar analysis items and dissimilar analysis items between the subsequent analysis records are counted. The accuracy of the first analysis result in the subsequent analysis record with dissimilar analysis items is compared with the accuracy of the second analysis result in the corresponding dissimilar subsequent analysis record, and reasonable supplementary items are selected. The similar analysis items and supplementary items extracted from the same subsequent analysis record are combined as combination items. When the attribution item satisfies the requirement that a corresponding attribution item can be found for each content item in at least one combination item, attribution is determined to be possible, thereby improving the suitability of abnormal attribution.

[0187] In one embodiment, a comprehensive verification of the karst adverse geological area includes:

[0188] The fullness of stable caverns is tested based on the core drilling method. Stable caverns are karst caverns that have undergone geological treatment. Fullness is the density of the filling material in a stable cavern, reflecting its stability and bearing capacity.

[0189] The heavy-duty dynamic penetration test is used to examine the strength of the grouting that stabilizes the cavern. The grouting strength is the mechanical property of the grouting, which is an indicator for evaluating whether the grouting can effectively support the cavern.

[0190] Among them, based on the drilling core inspection method, the fullness of the stable cavity is inspected, including:

[0191] Obtaining a borehole core sample from a stable cave body; wherein the borehole core sample is: a rock core of a stable cave body obtained based on a borehole core inspection method;

[0192] Obtain an average ratio of core length to drilling depth based on the core samples; wherein the average ratio is the average of the core length of each core sample divided by the value obtained at the corresponding drilling depth;

[0193] Obtaining a core description vector of the drill core sample; wherein the core description vector is: a description vector describing the internal pore distribution of the drill core sample constructed based on the acoustic characteristics of the drill core sample detected by ultrasonic detection;

[0194] Determining a standard correction value for the average ratio based on the core description vector and a preset standard correction value determination library; wherein the preset standard correction value determination library includes: a plurality of one-to-one correspondences between description vectors and average ratio downward adjustment values, wherein the more pores the core description vectors describe and the larger the pore space, the larger the corresponding average ratio downward adjustment value;

[0195] The average ratio and the standard correction value are multiplied correspondingly to obtain a fullness determination value. If the fullness determination value is greater than or equal to a preset fullness determination value threshold, the fullness of the stable cavity is determined to have passed the inspection; wherein the preset fullness determination value threshold is manually preset;

[0196] Among them, based on the heavy dynamic penetration test, the strength of the grouting body of the stable cavern is tested, including:

[0197] Obtaining grouting shape information of a stable cavern; wherein the grouting shape information is: the shape of the grouting grout after solidification;

[0198] Determine the shape characteristics of the grouting body according to the shape information of the grouting body; wherein the shape characteristics of the grouting body include: geometric shape, size, distribution and other characteristics of the grouting body;

[0199] Determine the heavy-duty dynamic penetration test plan based on the shape characteristics of the grouting body and the standard shape characteristics; the heavy-duty dynamic penetration test plan is: a penetration test plan determined based on the shape characteristics of the grouting body, including the test location, depth, and number of times;

[0200] The grouting strength of the stable cavity is tested according to the heavy dynamic penetration test plan. When testing the grouting strength of the stable cavity, the heavy dynamic penetration test plan is implemented, and the test results of the grouting strength are determined based on the penetration test results.

[0201] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are:

[0202] The present invention performs coring on a stable cavern to obtain coring samples and calculates the average ratio of core length to drilling depth. The core description vector constructed by ultrasonic detection of the coring samples and the standard correction value determination library are introduced to determine the standard correction value of the average ratio. The average ratio and the standard correction value are multiplied together to obtain the fullness determination value for subsequent fullness determination. The shape characteristics of the grouting body are extracted, and the corresponding heavy-duty dynamic probing scheme is determined. When testing the grouting body strength of the stable cavern, the heavy-duty dynamic probing scheme is implemented. Based on the probing results, the test results of the grouting body strength are determined, thereby improving the pertinence and rationality of the test.

[0203] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating karst adverse geology based on ultrasonic detection, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Obtain the suspicious detection area of the target area; Step 2: Detect the suspicious detection area based on ultrasonic detection technology and determine the ultrasonic detection characteristics; Step 3: Generate an assessment result of the suspicious detection area based on the ultrasonic detection characteristics; Step 1: obtaining a suspicious detection area of a target area includes: Obtain historical detection records of karst adverse geology; Determine the basis for suspicious detection areas based on historical detection records; Determine the suspicious detection area based on the basis for determining the suspicious detection area and the area information of the target area; Based on historical detection records, determine the basis for suspicious detection areas, including: Extract the first target area features based on historical detection records; Performing feature clustering based on the first target area feature to determine a target area feature cluster; Determine a first target region feature corresponding to the target region feature cluster and use it as a second target region feature; In the same target region feature cluster, each second target region feature is traversed in sequence, and the second target region feature being traversed is used as the third target region feature; Extracting, based on the historical detection record where the third target region feature is located, a target region feature associated with the third target region feature; wherein the associated target region feature is: the first target region feature other than the third target region feature in the historical detection record where the third target region feature is located; If the associated target area feature satisfies the feature combination condition, the associated target area feature and the second target area feature are used as a feature combination, and the feature combination is used as a basis for determining the suspicious detection area; wherein the feature combination condition is: whether the associated target area feature and the second target area feature work together to determine the suspicious detection area; If the associated target area feature does not meet the feature combination condition, the second target area feature is used as the basis for determining the suspicious detection area.

2. The karst adverse geological assessment method based on ultrasonic detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: Feature combination conditions, including: In the historical detection records where each fourth target area feature is located, an associated target area feature of the fourth target area feature that is similar to the associated target area feature of the third target area feature can be found, and the associated target area feature of the fourth target area feature has similar features to the first target area feature; wherein the fourth target area feature is the second target area feature other than the third target area feature in the same target area feature cluster.

3. The karst adverse geological assessment method based on ultrasonic detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 2: Detect the suspicious detection area based on ultrasonic detection technology and determine the ultrasonic detection characteristics, including: Detect suspicious detection areas based on ultrasonic detection technology and obtain ultrasonic detection signals; Based on the ultrasonic detection signal feature extraction template, the ultrasonic detection feature is determined according to the ultrasonic detection signal.

4. The method for evaluating karst adverse geology based on ultrasonic detection according to claim 1, wherein: Step 3: Generate assessment results of the suspicious detection area based on the ultrasonic detection characteristics, including: Obtaining karst adverse geological assessment models; The ultrasonic detection characteristics are input into the karst adverse geological assessment model to obtain the assessment results.

5. A method for treating unfavorable karst geology based on ultrasonic detection, characterized in that: include: Obtaining an assessment result of a suspicious detection area in a target area, wherein the assessment result is assessed using the karst adverse geology assessment method according to any one of claims 1 to 4; Guide foundation treatment in areas with adverse karst geology based on assessment results; During the foundation treatment process, ultrasonic detection technology is used to coordinate foundation treatment and construction process verification; After the foundation treatment process is completed, the karst poor geological area is comprehensively checked.

6. The method for treating unfavorable karst geology based on ultrasonic detection according to claim 5, characterized in that: Based on the assessment results, the foundation treatment in the karst adverse geological area is guided, including: Based on the assessment results, determine the design requirements for the planned treatment caves in the karst adverse geological areas; Loft out and determine drilling hole position marks according to design requirements; Control the drilling rig to go to the drilling hole mark to carry out drilling construction; Analyze design requirements and obtain the theoretical injection volume for each borehole; Conduct on-site pouring tests based on theoretical pouring volume to determine construction parameters; Carry out foundation treatment according to construction parameters.

7. The method for treating unfavorable karst geology based on ultrasonic detection according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also includes: When performing foundation treatment according to construction parameters, if the total pouring volume reaches half of the designed pouring volume in the design requirements, and the pouring pressure increase value is less than or equal to the preset pouring pressure increase value threshold, the cause of the abnormal pressure increase is attributed and the construction parameters are adjusted accordingly.

8. The method for treating unfavorable karst geology based on ultrasonic detection according to claim 5, characterized in that: Conduct overall verification of the karst adverse geological area, including: Based on the drilling core inspection method, the fullness of the stable cavity is tested; Based on heavy-duty dynamic penetration tests, the strength of the grouting that stabilizes the cavern is tested; Among them, based on the heavy dynamic penetration test, the strength of the grouting body of the stable cavern is tested, including: Obtain the shape information of the grouting body that stabilizes the cavity; Determine the shape characteristics of the grouting body according to the shape information of the grouting body; Determine the heavy-duty dynamic penetration scheme based on the shape characteristics of the grouting body and the standard shape characteristics; According to the heavy-duty dynamic probing scheme, the strength of the grouting body that stabilizes the cavern is tested.

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