An ultra-wideband antenna combining a compact transverse electromagnetic horn and a loop antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses an ultra-wideband antenna of a compact transverse electromagnetic horn and a loop antenna combination, comprising a bottom floor, a back floor, a top floor, a first horn antenna radiating plate and a second horn antenna radiating plate of a plate structure. The back floor comprises a connected flat plate portion with a straight plate surface and a curved portion with a curved plate surface. The flat plate portion is vertically connected to the bottom floor. The top floor is parallel to the bottom floor, flush with the end of the curved portion, and a gap is left between the top floor and the curved portion. The first horn antenna radiating plate and the second horn antenna radiating plate are both curved plates that are wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. The top end of the first horn antenna radiating plate is connected to the outer end of the top floor. The top end of the second horn antenna radiating plate is connected to the end of the curved portion of the back floor. The bottom ends of the first horn antenna radiating plate and the second horn antenna radiating plate are connected to a feed connector. The present invention is a combination of an electromagnetic horn and a loop antenna, which has both the good directivity and gain of an electromagnetic horn and the advantages of a loop antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an antenna, in particular to an antenna combined with an electromagnetic horn and a loop antenna. Background Art

[0002] In the field of wireless communication technology, antenna design and electromagnetic speaker technology are two important research directions. An antenna is a converter that converts guided waves propagating on a transmission line into electromagnetic waves propagating in an unbounded medium (usually free space), or vice versa. An electromagnetic speaker is a device that can effectively radiate or receive electromagnetic waves and is widely used in radar, communications, electronic countermeasures and other fields.

[0003] Solutions of existing technologies: In existing technologies, a single type of antenna or horn is usually used to achieve wireless communication. For example, a loop antenna is a common type of antenna, which has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and easy integration, but its bandwidth is relatively narrow. On the other hand, an electromagnetic horn has good directivity and gain, but its structure is complex and the manufacturing cost is high.

[0004] However, existing single-type antennas or horns have some problems in practical applications. First, their bandwidth often cannot meet the needs of modern wireless communications, especially in application scenarios that need to cover multiple frequency bands. Second, their large size is not conducive to the miniaturization and integration of equipment. Therefore, how to design an antenna or horn that can meet the broadband requirements and achieve miniaturization and integration is an urgent problem to be solved in the current field of wireless communication technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the antenna horn meets the requirements of miniaturization, integration and broadband.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A compact ultra-wideband antenna of a transverse electromagnetic horn and a loop antenna combination, comprising a bottom floor, a back floor, a top floor, a first horn antenna radiating piece and a second horn antenna radiating piece of a plate structure; the back floor comprises a connected flat plate portion and a curved portion with a curved plate surface; the flat plate portion is vertically connected to the bottom floor and forms an L-shaped structure with the bottom floor; the top floor is parallel to the bottom floor, flush with the end of the curved portion, and has a gap between the curved portion; the first horn antenna radiating piece and the second horn antenna radiating piece are both curved panels that are wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and are located between the top floor and the bottom floor; the first horn antenna radiating piece is ... The top end of the linear radiating plate is connected to the outer end of the top floor; the top end of the second horn antenna radiating plate is connected to the end of the bent portion of the back floor; the first horn antenna radiating plate and the bottom end of the second horn antenna radiating plate are connected, and are connected to the feeding connector, and are connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial feeding port through the feeding connector; the coaxial feeding port is arranged on the flat plate portion of the back floor, and its outer conductor is connected to the back floor; the curved surface and the bent portion of the first horn antenna radiating plate and the second horn antenna radiating plate are both cylindrical surfaces formed by bending the busbars parallel to the flat plate portion and the bottom floor along the guide lines perpendicular to the planes of the flat plate portion and the bottom floor.

[0008] Further, the curved portion is a quarter-circular arc cylinder;

[0009] Furthermore, the first horn antenna radiation plate and the second horn antenna radiation plate are surfaces of exponential function curves.

[0010] Furthermore, the first horn antenna radiation plate and the second horn antenna radiation plate are provided with a central groove.

[0011] Furthermore, the central groove is in a trapezoidal structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom.

[0012] Furthermore, symmetrical notches are provided on both sides of the top floor.

[0013] Furthermore, the feed connector has a duckbill structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the dielectric constant of the inner and outer conductor media supported by the coaxial feeding port does not exceed 2.2.

[0015] The technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] 1. The antenna of the present invention is a combination of an electromagnetic horn and a loop antenna, which has the advantages of good directivity and gain of the electromagnetic horn and the advantages of a simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and easy integration of the loop antenna, thereby realizing the complementarity of the electromagnetic horn and the loop antenna, and improving the overall performance of the antenna;

[0017] 2. The present invention optimizes the antenna radiation performance by adding a secondary speaker structure between the back of the speaker plate and the closed loop, so that the antenna has stronger forward radiation and smaller backward radiation;

[0018] 3. The operating frequency range of the antenna of the present invention is 0.15 GHz to 5 GHz, covering multiple frequency bands. Compared with traditional single-type antennas or horns, the antenna of the present invention has a wider bandwidth and can adapt to more application scenarios;

[0019] 4. Compared with traditional single-type antennas or horns, the antenna of the present invention has a smaller size, which is conducive to the integration of equipment and meets the requirements of miniaturization and portability of equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a structural dimensioning diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding connector of a duckbill structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] In the above figures,

[0024] 1 is the bottom floor; 2 is the back floor, 21 is the flat plate part, 22 is the bent part, and 221 is the end of the bent part; 3 is the top floor, 31 is the notch; 41 is the first horn antenna radiation plate, 411 is the first center groove; 42 is the second horn antenna radiation plate, 421 is the second center groove; 5 is the gap; 61 is the feed connector, 611 is the antenna connection end, 612 is the inner conductor connection end, 613 is the ridge, 614 is the front transition part, and 615 is the rear transition part; 62 is the coaxial feeding port, and 621 is the inner conductor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 and Figure 2 An ultra-wideband antenna combining a compact transverse electromagnetic horn and a loop antenna is exemplified. The antenna comprises a bottom floor 1, a back floor 2, a top floor 3, a first horn antenna radiation piece 41, a second horn antenna radiation piece 42, a feed connector 61 and a coaxial feed port 62. The bottom floor 1, the back floor 2, the top floor 3, the first horn antenna radiation piece 41 and the second horn antenna radiation piece 42 are all plate structures made of metal.

[0027] In this embodiment, the bottom floor 1 and the back floor 2 are formed by bending a rectangular plate with a width of W1 in one piece. The back floor 2 includes a flat plate portion 21 with a straight plate surface and a curved portion 22 with a curved plate surface. The flat plate portion 21 and the curved portion 22 are connected. The flat plate portion 21 and the bottom floor 1 are both rectangular structures, and the flat plate portion 21 and the bottom floor 1 are vertically connected, so that the flat plate portion 21 and the bottom floor 1 form an L-shaped structure. The curved portion 22 is a cylinder formed by bending a generatrix parallel to the flat plate portion 21 and the bottom floor 1 along a guide line perpendicular to the plane of the flat plate portion 21 and the bottom floor 1, and the bending direction of the curved portion 22 is on the same side as the bottom base plate 1. Specifically in this embodiment, refer to Figure 2 The curved surface of the curved portion 22 is a cylinder formed by the translation and bending of the generatrix A along the first guide line G1. The generatrix A is parallel to the bottom floor 1 and parallel to the flat plate portion 21; the first guide line G1 is a curve on a plane; the plane where the first guide line G1 is located is perpendicular to the flat plate portion 21 and perpendicular to the bottom floor 1. In this embodiment, the length of the bottom floor 1 is L1, the length of the flat plate portion 21 is L2, and the first guide line G1 is a quarter arc with a radius R. Therefore, the curved portion 22 is a quarter arc cylinder. Therefore, the end of the curved portion 22, that is, the end 221 of the curved portion, is at a distance H1=R+L2 from the bottom floor 1.

[0028] The top floor 3 is parallel to the bottom floor 1, flush with the end 221 of the curved portion, and has a gap 5 between it and the curved portion 22. The end 221 of the curved portion is the end of the curved portion 22 away from the flat portion 21. The width of the top floor 3 is the same as that of the bottom floor 1, both of which are W1. The top floor 3 and the end 221 of the curved portion are flush, which means that the top floor 3 and the end 221 of the curved portion are on the same plane, and the two sides are aligned in the width direction, and the inner side end of the top floor 3 is parallel to the end 221 of the curved portion, so that the gap 5 left between the top floor 3 and the curved portion 22 presents a rectangular structure with a length of W1 and a width of W2, and the outer side end of the top floor 3 is flush with the outer side end of the bottom floor 1. The inner side end of the top floor 3 refers to the end of the top floor 3 facing the end 221 of the curved portion, and the outer side end refers to the end of the top floor 3 away from the end 221 of the curved portion. The outer side end of the bottom floor 1 is the end of the bottom floor 1 away from the back floor 2. The outer end of the top floor 3 and the outer end of the bottom floor 1 mean that the outer end edge of the bottom floor 1 and the outer end edge of the top floor 3 are parallel and located on the same plane, and the plane is perpendicular to the bottom floor 1. In terms of the size of the above structure, the length L3 of the top floor 3 satisfies L3+R+W2=L1.

[0029] The bottom floor 1, the back floor 2 and the top floor 3 form a U-shaped cavity structure. The first horn antenna radiation sheet 41, the second horn antenna radiation sheet 42 and the feed connection body 61 are all arranged within this U-shaped cavity structure. Or rather, the first horn antenna radiation sheet 41, the second horn antenna radiation sheet 42 and the feed connection body 61 are arranged between the bottom floor 1 and the top floor 3. The top end of the first horn antenna radiation sheet 41 is connected to the outer end of the top floor 3, and the top end of the second horn antenna radiation sheet 42 is connected to the end of the bending part 221. The bottom ends of the first horn antenna radiation sheet 41 and the second horn antenna radiation sheet 42 are connected to each other and connected to the feed connection body 61, and are connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial feed port 62 through the feed connection body 61. The coaxial feed port 62 is arranged on the flat part 21 of the back floor 2, and its outer conductor is connected to the back floor 2.

[0030] The first horn antenna radiation sheet 41 and the second horn antenna radiation sheet 42 are curved panels formed by bending a guiding line formed by bending an isosceles trapezoidal plate body with the top or bottom side as the generatrix along the height line perpendicular to the generatrix plane. The bottom side of the isosceles trapezoidal first horn antenna radiation sheet 41 is the top end of the first horn antenna radiation sheet 41, and the width is W3, which is less than the width W1 of the end of the bending part 221. That is, W3 < W1. Thus, steps with the same width of W4 are formed on both sides where the top end of the first horn antenna radiation sheet 41 is connected to the end of the bending part 221, where W4 = (W1 - W3) / 2. The bottom side of the isosceles trapezoidal second horn antenna radiation sheet 42 is the top end of the second horn antenna radiation sheet 42, and the width is the same as the width of the top floor 3, both being W1. Thus, the two side edges where the top end of the second horn antenna radiation sheet 42 is connected to the outer end of the top floor 3 are flush. The bottom ends of the first horn antenna radiation sheet 41 and the second horn antenna radiation sheet 42 are of the same width. Thus, when the bottom ends of the first horn antenna radiation sheet 41 and the second horn antenna radiation sheet 42 are connected, the two side edges are flush.

[0031] The bottom sides of the isosceles trapezoidal first horn antenna radiation sheet 41 and the second horn antenna radiation sheet 42 are parallel to each other and parallel to the flat part 21 and the bottom floor 1. The height lines of the first horn antenna radiation sheet 41 and the second horn antenna radiation sheet 42 perpendicular to the guiding line formed by bending the generatrix plane are in Figure 2In the example, they are the second guide line G2 and the third guide line G3. The second guide line G2 and the third guide line G3 are curves on a plane, which are formed by bending the height lines of the first horn antenna radiation plate 41 and the second horn antenna radiation plate 42. The plane where the second guide line G2 and the third guide line G3 are located is perpendicular to the flat plate portion 21 and the bottom floor 1, that is, the curved surface of the first horn antenna radiation plate 41 and the second horn antenna radiation plate 42 is a cylinder formed by bending the generatrix parallel to the flat plate portion 21 and the bottom floor 1 along the guide line on the plane perpendicular to the flat plate portion 21 and the bottom floor 1. In this embodiment, the second guide line G2 and the third guide line G3 are both exponential function curves, that is, the first horn antenna radiation plate 41 and the second horn antenna radiation plate 42 are both surfaces of exponential function curves.

[0032] In this embodiment, the feed connector 61 is an isomer and presents a duckbill structure. Figure 3, the feeding connector 61 includes an antenna connection end 611 at the front end and an inner conductor connection end 612 at the rear end, and a raised ridge 613 between the antenna connection end 611 and the inner conductor connection end 612. Among them, the antenna connection end 611 is connected to the first horn antenna radiation plate 41 and the second horn antenna radiation plate 42 by end-to-face butt-jointing, and the inner conductor connection end 612 is connected to the inner conductor 621 of the coaxial feeding port 62 by end-to-face butt-jointing. The end face of the inner conductor connection end 612 is a circle with the same diameter as the inner conductor 621. The end face of the antenna connection end 611 is rectangular, parallel to the end face of the inner conductor connection end 612, and matches the bottom end of the first horn antenna radiation plate 41 and the second horn antenna radiation plate 42 after lamination. Specifically, the top edges of the isosceles trapezoidal first horn antenna radiation plate 41 and the second horn antenna radiation plate 42 have the same width as the rectangular end face of the antenna connection end 611, both of which are W6. The height of the rectangular end face of the antenna connection end 611 is the sum of the thicknesses of the first horn antenna radiation plate 41 and the second horn antenna radiation plate 42. The end face of the antenna connection end 611 and the end face of the inner conductor connection end 612 are both perpendicular to the axis of the inner conductor 621. The ridge 613 is a ridge that is centered on the axis of the inner conductor 621 in the middle of the feed connector 61 and protrudes outward around the axis of the inner conductor 621. The ridge 613 is an ellipse in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the inner conductor 621. The ellipse has a long axis parallel to the width direction of the rectangular end face of the antenna connection end 611 and a short axis perpendicular to the width direction of the rectangular end face of the antenna connection end 611. Among them, the length of the long axis is the same as the width of the rectangular end face of the antenna connection end 611, that is, W6; the length of the short axis is greater than the diameter of the inner conductor 621. A smoothly transitioning front end transition portion 614 is provided between the antenna connection end 611 and the ridge 613, and a smoothly transitioning rear end transition portion 615 is provided between the inner conductor connection end 612 and the ridge 613. That is, the front end transition portion 614 gradually transitions from the rectangular shape of the antenna connection end 611 to the elliptical shape of the ridge 613 on a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the inner conductor 621; the rear end transition portion 615 gradually transitions from the elliptical shape of the ridge 613 to the circular shape of the inner conductor connection end 612 on a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the inner conductor 621.

[0033] The coaxial feed port 62 is used for feeding the line, and includes an inner conductor 621 and an outer conductor arranged coaxially. The inner conductor 621 and the outer conductor are supported and separated by an insulating material. The dielectric constant of the insulating material supporting the inner and outer conductors does not exceed 2.2, and is 2.2 in this embodiment. The coaxial feed port 62 is arranged on the flat plate portion 21 of the back floor 2, and its axis is perpendicular to the flat plate portion 21, and the outer conductor is connected to the flat plate portion 21 of the back floor 2. The height of the coaxial feed port 62 from the bottom base plate 1 is H2.

[0034] In addition, further, in this embodiment, left-right symmetrical notches 31 are provided on both sides of the top floor 3. The notches 31 are rectangular with a length of L4 and a width of W5.

[0035] In addition, further, in the present embodiment, the first horn antenna radiation piece 41 and the second horn antenna radiation piece 42 are also provided with a center groove of a trapezoidal structure. That is, the first horn antenna radiation piece 41 is provided with a first center groove 411, and the second horn antenna radiation piece 42 is provided with a second center groove 421. The first center groove 411 and the second center groove 421 are both isosceles trapezoids, which are wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and the top and bottom sides are parallel to the top and bottom sides of the first horn antenna radiation piece 41 and the second horn antenna radiation piece 42 of the isosceles trapezoid. The top and bottom here correspond to the top and bottom ends of the first horn antenna radiation piece 41 and the second horn antenna radiation piece 42, that is, the top is toward the top direction, and the bottom is toward the bottom direction, or it can be said that the top and bottom sides of the first center groove 411 and the second center groove 421 are respectively oriented toward the top and bottom sides of the first horn antenna radiation piece 41 and the second horn antenna radiation piece 42 of the isosceles trapezoid.

[0036] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: the second horn antenna radiation plate 42, the back floor 2 and the coaxial feeding port 62 form a closed loop to form a loop antenna. An open horn antenna is formed between the first horn antenna radiation plate 41 and the bottom floor 1. The sub-horn structure formed by the first horn antenna radiation plate 41, the top floor 3 and the second horn antenna radiation plate 42 can effectively reduce the capacitive reactance between the horn antenna and the loop antenna, and the closed loop flow of current in the loop antenna generates a radiation signal based on a magnetic dipole, which can be superimposed in series with the radiation signal based on an electric dipole of the horn antenna, thereby increasing the bandwidth and making the antenna radiate more strongly in the forward direction and less in the backward direction.

[0037] In addition, the size parameters of the antenna of this embodiment are as follows: L1=280mm~300mm, L2=100mm~120mm, L3=170mm~180mm, L4=60mm~80mm, H1=200mm~220mm, H2=10mm~20mm, W1=200mm~220mm, W2=10mm~20mm, W3=160mm~180mm, W4=20mm~30mm, W5=50mm~60mm, W6=30mm~40mm, and the corresponding frequency operating range is: 0.15GHz to 5GHz. Those skilled in the art understand that in specific implementation, the above-mentioned size parameters can be adaptively adjusted and modified according to different needs and purposes.

[0038] In addition, it should be noted that in this manual, directions such as up, down, top, bottom, front end, and rear end are relative directions and do not represent specific spatial arrangements.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband antenna combining a compact transverse electromagnetic horn and a loop antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a bottom floor (1), a back floor (2), a top floor (3), a first horn antenna radiation plate (41) and a second horn antenna radiation plate (42) of a plate structure; the back floor (2) comprises a flat plate portion (21) and a curved portion (22) connected to each other; the flat plate portion (21) is vertically connected to the bottom floor (1) and forms an L-shaped structure with the bottom floor (1); The top floor (3) is parallel to the bottom floor (1), flush with the end of the curved portion (22), and a gap (5) is left between the top floor (3) and the curved portion (22); the first horn antenna radiating plate (41) and the second horn antenna radiating plate (42) are both curved panels that are wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and are located between the top floor (3) and the bottom floor (1); the top end of the first horn antenna radiating plate (41) is connected to the outer end of the top floor (3); the top end of the second horn antenna radiating plate (42) is connected to the end of the curved portion (22) of the back floor (2); the first horn antenna radiating plate (41) and the second horn antenna radiating plate (42) are ... The bottom end of the horn antenna radiating plate (42) is connected to the bottom end of the horn antenna radiating plate (42), and is connected to the feeding connector (61), and is connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial feeding port (62) through the feeding connector (61); the coaxial feeding port (62) is arranged on the flat plate portion (21) of the back floor (2), and its outer conductor is connected to the back floor (2); the curved surface and the bent portion (22) of the first horn antenna radiating plate (41) and the second horn antenna radiating plate (42) are both cylindrical surfaces formed by bending a busbar parallel to the flat plate portion (21) and the bottom floor (1) along a guide line perpendicular to the plane of the flat plate portion (21) and the bottom floor (1).

2. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curved portion (22) is a quarter-circular arc cylinder.

3. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first horn antenna radiation plate (41) and the second horn antenna radiation plate (42) are surfaces of exponential function curves.

4. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first horn antenna radiation plate (41) and the second horn antenna radiation plate (42) are provided with a central groove.

5. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The central groove is in a trapezoidal structure that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom.

6. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Symmetrical notches (31) are provided on both sides of the top floor (3).

7. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed connector (61) has a duckbill structure.

8. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric constant of the inner and outer conductor media supported by the coaxial feeding port (62) does not exceed 2.2.

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