A method for constructing coastal ecological corridors that takes into account horizontal connectivity and vertical buffering functions

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for constructing a coastal ecological corridor that takes into account the lateral connectivity and longitudinal buffering functions, including: investigating the coastal ecological environment of the study area, analyzing ecological stress factors, identifying the main ecological problems in the region and obtaining quantitative results; based on the main ecological problems in the region and the quantitative results, proposing the lateral ecological connectivity and longitudinal buffering and isolation functions that the coastal ecological corridor should have. Horizontally, the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) is used to evaluate and identify ecological sources based on methods such as habitat quality and ecological sensitivity, optimize the setting of terrestrial resistance surfaces, and construct an ecological corridor layout for the diffusion and migration of coastal organisms. Vertically, a multi-level coastal ecological corridor structure is established, and engineering design is carried out to exert diverse ecological functions such as buffering. This method aims to connect various fragmented habitats, maintain biodiversity in coastal areas, and provide ecological security guarantees for wave breaking, bank protection, erosion resistance, and buffering and filtration by constructing a multifunctional coastal ecological corridor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of water conservancy projects, and in particular to a method for constructing a coastal ecological corridor that takes into account both lateral connectivity and longitudinal buffering functions. Background Art

[0002] The ecological environment of the coastal zone has been damaged by natural erosion and human activities, resulting in the degradation of coastlines, wetlands and vegetation, which poses a challenge to the ecological restoration of coastal cities. In this context, the planning and construction of coastal ecological corridors is of vital importance. It not only strengthens ecological protection and restoration, optimizes industrial layout, but also builds coastal living areas, connects and protects key ecological areas, provides migration and reproduction channels for marine organisms, and achieves coordinated development of ecology, society and economy.

[0003] The research on coastal ecological corridors started late in China, and relevant experience is weak. Existing research in the field of coastal ecological corridors mainly draws on the construction methods of terrestrial ecological corridors, adopts the research paradigm of "patch-corridor-matrix", and improves the structure of biological protection engineering and ecological coastal engineering, and proposes the use of ecological materials to replace traditional hard structures and construct multi-level protection belt structures.

[0004] However, on the one hand, spatial layout based only on the construction method of ecological corridors in the land area cannot bring into play the special functions of coastal ecological corridors and cannot solve the actual ecological problems in coastal areas according to local conditions. On the other hand, design optimization only in terms of materials and structures can easily lead to the neglect of key ecological connection areas, which cannot play a role and is not conducive to maximizing resource benefits.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to consider the scientific spatial layout of coastal ecological corridors and the comprehensive factors of hierarchical functions, and propose a method for constructing coastal ecological corridors that takes into account horizontal connectivity and vertical buffering functions. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for constructing a coastal ecological corridor taking into account the horizontal connectivity and vertical buffering functions.

[0007] The technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for constructing a coastal ecological corridor that takes into account both lateral connectivity and longitudinal buffering functions, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Investigate the coastal ecological environment in the study area, analyze ecological stress factors, and preliminarily assess their impact on the coastal ecosystem;

[0010] Combined with the regional ecological reality of the study area, the analytic hierarchy process, InVEST model and landscape ecological spatial pattern analysis method were integrated to identify the main ecological problems in the region and obtain quantitative results;

[0011] Based on the main ecological problems in the region and the quantitative results, we will conduct countermeasure analysis, propose comprehensive solutions and the horizontal ecological connectivity function and vertical buffer isolation function that the coastal ecological corridor should have;

[0012] Delineate the study area within a certain distance from the coastline;

[0013] Identify the ecological sources and nodes in the study area and set up ecological resistance surfaces;

[0014] Determine the spatial layout of coastal ecological corridors by combining ecological sources, ecological nodes and ecological resistance surfaces;

[0015] Combined with the spatial layout, a hierarchical structure design is carried out for the coastal ecological corridor, and corresponding ecological projects are carried out to implement it.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the coastal ecological environment includes species diversity, habitat types and species distribution; the ecological stress factors include natural factors and human factors.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the method of identifying major regional ecological problems and obtaining quantitative results by using the comprehensive analytic hierarchy process, the InVEST model and the landscape ecological spatial pattern analysis method comprises the following steps:

[0018] The analytic hierarchy process was used to quantify the coastal ecological stress factors, conduct spatial analysis, evaluate the impact of different stress factors on the ecosystem, and obtain the quantitative results of ecological stress factors;

[0019] The habitat quality module of the InVEST model was used to evaluate the habitat quality by comprehensively considering the habitat type, sensitivity of ecological stress factors, impact distance and protection level, and obtain the quantitative results of habitat quality.

[0020] Combining the results of ecosystem service function importance assessment and ecological vulnerability assessment, the importance and sensitivity level of ecosystem services in coastal areas were determined, and the quantitative results of ecosystem services were obtained;

[0021] Through the landscape ecological spatial pattern analysis method, the landscape pattern index is used for quantification to obtain the quantitative results of the degree of ecological spatial fragmentation;

[0022] A quantification result is obtained, where the quantification result is a summary result of the above quantification results.

[0023] In one possible implementation method, the horizontal ecological connectivity function is the function of the ecological connection area established in the coastal ecological corridor along the direction parallel to the coastline, including: the function of providing a safe horizontal migration path for species; the function of promoting horizontal ecological processes; the function of maintaining biodiversity; the method for determining each function: conducting a species diversity survey to determine the key species in the area, using GIS spatial analysis to identify the migration paths and habitat requirements of species; evaluating the ecological processes in the area to understand the natural flow paths of water and nutrients; determining the biodiversity hotspots in the area through biodiversity assessment and identifying potential ecological corridors; based on the minimum cumulative resistance model, the high-quality habitats, important coastal ecological protection areas and sensitive areas are identified as ecological sources, and the results of the construction of ecological resistance factors are used as the ecological resistance surface. The horizontal ecological connectivity function is determined by calculating the minimum cumulative resistance path between ecological sources;

[0024] The longitudinal buffer isolation function refers to the function of the buffer zone established in the coastal ecological corridor perpendicular to the coastline, including: pollution isolation function; function as a buffer zone for natural disasters; protecting the natural state of the coastline, maintaining its ecological function and biodiversity; methods for determining each function: identifying the main sources of pollution, conducting spatial analysis to simulate the diffusion path and impact range; studying the climate and geographical characteristics of the region, identifying high-risk areas for natural disasters; conducting ecological importance assessments, identifying key habitats and species, and determining longitudinal buffer isolation functions to protect key species and areas.

[0025] In a possible implementation, the method of identifying ecological sources and ecological nodes in the study area and setting ecological resistance surfaces includes the following sub-steps:

[0026] Based on the ecological process and function of the research area, the quantitative results and the functions that coastal ecological corridors should have are integrated, and according to the constraints of ecological location and ecological sensitivity and landscape theory, the ecological source areas and ecological nodes in coastal areas are identified;

[0027] Based on the ecological status of the study area, resistance factors that affect species migration were selected. The spatial analysis function of ArcGIS software was used to weight the sum of each resistance factor to construct an ecological resistance surface reflecting the resistance to species migration.

[0028] Furthermore, the resistance factors include: habitat type, topographic index, distance to urban and rural construction, distance to transportation, industry and mining, and distance to the coastline; the weight coefficient of the resistance factor is determined by the Delphi method.

[0029] In a possible implementation, the method of combining spatial layout, designing a hierarchical structure of the coastal ecological corridor, and implementing the corresponding ecological engineering includes the following steps:

[0030] According to the overall layout and construction objectives of the coastal ecological corridor, a multi-level coastal ecological corridor is designed to clarify the positioning and functions of each level and ensure effective ecological connection between the levels;

[0031] Through the study of the positioning and corresponding functions of each level, a series of corresponding ecological projects are set up to realize the longitudinal buffer function of the coastal ecological corridor as a whole.

[0032] Furthermore, the coastal ecological corridor with a multi-level structure is a comprehensive ecological protection system with spatial continuity and functional diversity, and is a vertical multi-level structure formed by connecting the ecological buffer space inside the dike, the seawall space and the natural ecological space outside the dike;

[0033] The buffer space within the dike is located on the inner side of the seawall. As a transition zone between land and sea, its positioning and function is to control pollution and isolate ecological impacts, and to enhance ecological buffering through wetland purification systems established through ecological engineering and the planting of salt-tolerant plants; the positioning and function of the seawall space is to serve as a barrier against natural disasters, including flood control, wave breaking and bank protection, to protect the ecology of the internal area; the positioning and function of the natural ecological space outside the dike is to provide biological habitats and migration channels, to maintain biodiversity.

[0034] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the method for constructing a coastal ecological corridor taking into account lateral connectivity and longitudinal buffering functions as described in the first aspect is implemented.

[0035] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements a method for constructing a coastal ecological corridor that takes into account both lateral connectivity and longitudinal buffering functions as described in the first aspect.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0037] The method described in the present invention targets the ecological status of coastal areas, identifies actual ecological problems, comprehensively considers the ecological connectivity and buffering functions of coastal ecological corridors, designs spatial layout and ecological projects, realizes the construction of coastal ecological corridors, and provides a methodological reference for regional governance of coastal ecological environment and realization of coordinated development of land and sea.

[0038] The method described in the present invention fully considers the ecological connectivity function in the horizontal direction and the buffer isolation function in the vertical direction in the design and construction of coastal ecological corridors, greatly enhancing the ecological service efficiency of the coastal zone. Specifically, the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) is used to optimize the layout of ecological source points and corridor networks, and horizontally promote biodiversity maintenance and ecological process continuity. At the same time, a multi-level vertical structure is constructed, including buffering within the dike, strengthening the seawall, and natural ecological space outside the dike, which effectively blocks land-based pollution, alleviates natural disasters, and maintains the natural landscape of the coastline. This design not only improves the safety of biological migration, but also ensures the smoothness of ecological flow, reduces habitat fragmentation, and is supplemented by engineering measures such as wetland purification, mangrove restoration, and ecological seawalls to achieve the dual goals of ecological restoration and protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 A flow chart of the methodology constructed for the coastal ecological corridor;

[0040] Figure 2 This is the longitudinal spatial structure section of the coastal ecological protection zone;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the electronic device provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The content of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, a method for constructing a coastal ecological corridor taking into account the horizontal connectivity and vertical buffering functions is provided, which includes the following steps:

[0044] S1: Investigate the coastal ecological environment in the study area, analyze ecological stress factors, and preliminarily evaluate their impact on the coastal ecosystem.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the coastal ecological environment includes species diversity, habitat types and species distribution; the ecological stress factors include natural factors and human factors.

[0046] Furthermore, the natural factors include coastal erosion and biological invasion; the human factors include agricultural production, urban and rural construction, transportation roads and industrial and mining production.

[0047] For example, the coastal city A is taken as an example.

[0048] The current coastal ecological environment of City A mainly includes: the large-scale discharge of pollutants from rivers has led to increasingly serious offshore environmental pollution and eutrophication problems; large-scale land reclamation activities have reduced the tidal volume and environmental capacity of the bay, causing habitat loss and homogenization of the marine environment, and blocking the survival corridors of organisms; artificial changes in the coastline morphology have caused beach erosion and new siltation problems; key ecosystems such as mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs have been destroyed, and wetland resources have decreased; habitat fragmentation and habitat degradation have led to a decline in marine biodiversity.

[0049] The marine ecosystem of City A faces dual threats from natural and human factors. Natural factors include rising water temperatures, seawater acidification, coral bleaching and coral reef degradation caused by climate change; frequent pests and diseases, especially the increase in mangrove pests; invasion of alien species such as Spartina alterniflora, which destroys the native ecosystem; and serious damage caused by marine disasters such as typhoons and storm surges. Human factors involve the large-scale input of land-based pollutants, which has not been effectively controlled, leading to eutrophication and deterioration of water quality; direct damage to the marine ecosystem by human activities, such as the occupation of mangrove land by engineering projects, degradation of seagrass beds, illegal fishing, illegal sand mining, etc.; and the development and construction of port coastlines leading to beach erosion and shoreline siltation. These factors together lead to a decrease in the tidal volume of the bay, a reduction in environmental capacity, habitat loss, homogenization of the marine environment and the interruption of survival corridors, which seriously threaten marine biodiversity and ecological balance.

[0050] S2: Based on the regional ecological reality of the study area, the analytic hierarchy process, the InVEST model (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs) and the landscape ecological spatial pattern analysis method were used to identify the main ecological problems in the region and obtain quantitative results;

[0051] In one possible implementation, S2 includes the following sub-steps:

[0052] S2.1: The coastal ecological stress factors were quantified using the analytic hierarchy process (Table 1), and spatial analysis was performed in ArcGIS software to evaluate the impact of different ecological stress factors on the ecosystem. The stress degree analysis results of each ecological stress factor were obtained, among which the stress degree of each ecological stress factor on the habitat in each region was the lightest at level 1 and the heaviest at level 4.

[0053] Table 1 Analysis and quantification results of the impact mechanism of coastal ecological stress factors in City A

[0054]

[0055] S2.2: Apply the habitat quality module of the InVEST model, comprehensively consider the habitat type, sensitivity of ecological stress factors, impact distance and protection level, evaluate the habitat quality, and obtain the quantitative results of habitat quality.

[0056] Combined with the existing relevant research and the characteristics of coastal cities in City A, 8 habitat types (farmland, broad-leaved forest, shrub, shrub grass, river lake, wetland, mangrove, coastal beach) and 7 ecological stress factors (cultivated land, aquaculture pond, urban settlement, rural settlement, traffic road, industrial and mining land, coastal erosion) were selected, and the score value of each habitat type, the weight of ecological stress factor and the maximum impact distance were determined. Furthermore, the analytic hierarchy process was used to divide the ecological stress factors into three layers: agricultural production, urban and rural construction, and natural threats (i.e. coastal erosion), and the relative sensitivity of various habitats to each ecological stress factor was determined, and the final habitat type and ecological stress factor parameter table was obtained (Table 2). The threat accessibility within the ecological protection red line was set to 0.5, and the final evaluation results were obtained, which were divided into 5 levels (IV level) using the natural break method, of which I and II were high-quality habitats.

[0057] Specifically, based on the results of expert consultation and existing literature research, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to divide ecological stress factors into three levels: agricultural production, urban and rural construction, and natural threats. A hierarchical model was constructed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and a judgment matrix was constructed. The ecological stress factors at each level were compared pairwise to determine the relative importance of the impact on the ecosystem, and a consistency test was performed to determine the relative weight of each ecological stress factor. Sensitivity assessments were conducted on different habitat types to quantify the degree of response to ecological stress factors.

[0058] Table 2 Habitat types and ecological stress factor parameters

[0059]

[0060] Note: It should be noted that in Table 2, the column where the weight and the threat source intersect is the impact of each threat on habitat quality relative to other threats. For example, the column where the cultivated land and the weight intersect is 0.40, and the column where the industrial and mining land and the weight intersect is 1.00, indicating that the threat to habitat quality from industrial and mining land is 2.5 times that of cultivated land; the column where the weight and the habitat type intersect is the suitability of the habitat type, which is between 0 and 1, with 0 being unsuitable and 1 being completely suitable. For example, the column where the broad-leaved forest and the weight intersect is 1.00, and the column where the farmland and the weight intersect is 0.23, indicating that organisms prefer broad-leaved forests to farmland; the column where the maximum impact distance and the threat source intersect is the maximum distance at which the threat source affects habitat quality, for example, the column where the aquaculture pond and the maximum impact distance intersect is 1.00, indicating that the maximum impact distance of the aquaculture pond is 1 km; the column where the threat source and the habitat quality intersect is the relative sensitivity of the habitat type to the threat type, where 1 indicates high sensitivity and 0 indicates no impact. The larger the value, the stronger the relative sensitivity.

[0061] S2.3: Combine the importance assessment of ecosystem service functions with the ecological vulnerability assessment to determine the importance and sensitivity level of ecosystem services in coastal areas and obtain the quantitative results of ecosystem services.

[0062] For example, according to the evaluation results of the importance of ecosystem service functions and ecological vulnerability in the topic "Resource and Environmental Carrying Capacity and Land and Space Development Suitability Evaluation" of the land and space planning of City A, in coastal areas, the importance of ecosystem service functions of ecological land such as forests, mangroves, wetlands, rivers and coastal tidal flats is relatively high, the importance of aquaculture ponds and farmland is relatively low, and the ecological functions of urban and rural construction, roads, mines and other regional infrastructure lands are the lowest. At the same time, affected by factors such as coastal erosion, the ecological sensitivity of coastal areas is generally slightly higher than that of inland areas. The medium-sensitivity areas are mainly distributed in the ecological lands north of the concentrated urban construction area in the southwest corner; the high-sensitivity areas are more sporadically distributed along the coastline where erosion is more serious, including some coastal mangrove lands.

[0063] S2.4: Through the landscape ecological spatial pattern analysis method, use landscape pattern indices (such as average perimeter-to-area ratio, spread index, aggregation index, etc.) to quantify the degree of ecological space fragmentation and obtain quantitative results.

[0064] It should be noted that the landscape ecological spatial pattern analysis methods mainly include index analysis method, hierarchical analysis method, spatial model analysis method and geographic information system (GIS) analysis method.

[0065] For example, Fragstats 4.2 software was used to take the 2020 ecosystem classification results of City A (30-meter precision grid) as the basic data, set cities and villages as the background, and other ecosystem types as the analysis objects. Using the sliding window method, a 9×9 window was selected to calculate the three types of landscape pattern index values ​​of each patch in the entire domain, and the ecological spatial pattern analysis results of the entire domain of City A were drawn respectively.

[0066] Specifically, the average perimeter-to-area ratio is the average of the ratio of the perimeter to the area of ​​a certain type of landscape patch. It quantifies the structure of the landscape based on the complexity of the patch shape. The larger the value, the more complex the patch shape and the less conducive it is to species survival. The spread index describes the degree of agglomeration and extension trend of patches in the landscape. The larger the value, the less fragmented the landscape structure. The aggregation index reflects the degree of aggregation of landscape patches. The higher the value, the stronger the aggregation and the compact structure. The lower the value, the more discrete the distribution of habitat patches and the higher the degree of habitat fragmentation.

[0067] S2.5: Obtaining a quantitative result, wherein the evaluation result is a summary result of the above quantitative results.

[0068] Specifically, the quantitative results include the type, spatial distribution and impact degree of ecological stress factors; habitat type, habitat quality index and habitat protection level; ecosystem service function type, service function importance and service function sensitivity; ecological vulnerability index and ecologically fragile areas; average perimeter-to-area ratio, spread index and aggregation index.

[0069] S3: Based on the identified ecological problems and quantitative results, formulate a plan for constructing coastal ecological corridors and their functions, including horizontal ecological connectivity functions (such as biological migration channels and ecological process protection) and vertical buffering and isolation functions (such as pollutant filtration and protection against natural disasters).

[0070] Specifically, the horizontal ecological connectivity function is the function of the ecological connection area established along the direction parallel to the coastline in the coastal ecological corridor, including: providing a safe horizontal migration path for species to reduce the impact of habitat fragmentation; promoting the function of horizontal ecological processes, such as water flow and nutrient cycle, to enhance the overall function of the ecosystem; maintaining biodiversity, connecting different habitats, and protecting the complexity of the ecosystem. The method for determining each function is: conducting a species diversity survey to determine the key species in the region, using GIS (Geographic Information System) spatial analysis to identify the migration paths and habitat requirements of these species; evaluating the ecological processes in the region, such as water cycle and nutrient flow, to understand their natural flow paths; determining the biodiversity hotspots in the region through biodiversity assessment, and identifying potential ecological corridors; based on the Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model (MCR), the identified high-quality habitats, coastal ecological protection important areas and sensitive areas are used as ecological sources, and the results of the construction of ecological resistance factors are used as ecological resistance surfaces. The minimum cumulative resistance path between ecological sources is calculated to determine the horizontal ecological connectivity function.

[0071] Specifically, the longitudinal buffer isolation function is the function of the buffer zone established perpendicular to the coastline in the coastal ecological corridor, including: pollution isolation function to reduce the impact of pollutants from land on the coastal ecosystem; function as a buffer zone for natural disasters to reduce the impact of storms, sea level rise, etc. on coastal ecology; protect the natural state of the coastline and maintain its ecological function and biodiversity. The method for determining each function is: identify the main pollution sources, conduct spatial analysis to simulate the diffusion path and impact range; study the climate and geographical characteristics of the region, identify high-risk areas for natural disasters; conduct ecological importance assessment, identify key habitats and species, and determine the longitudinal buffer isolation function to protect key species and areas.

[0072] In order to effectively solve the existing ecological problems in the coastal areas of City A, this embodiment proposes to build a coastal ecological protection belt with ecological coastline as the main body, with both isolation protection and ecological connectivity functions, and running through the entire coastal area of ​​City A, which is coordinated with land and sea, and supplemented by the construction of supporting coastal ecological restoration projects, that is, to build a coastal ecological corridor. The coastal ecological corridor needs to have both vertical and horizontal ecological functions, and also needs to be built in terms of system, technology and cultural attributes. The supporting ecological restoration projects implemented must be targeted, systematic, effective and economical.

[0073] S4: Define the study area within a certain distance from the coastline.

[0074] According to the results of the countermeasure analysis, the coastal ecological protection belt needs to be able to fully play its isolation and buffering functions. Therefore, the ecological protection belt should be laid out within a certain range from the coastline. If it is too far from the existing coastline, it will not be able to play its due function. Based on this, the buffer zone analysis function of ArcGIS was used to make a 500m buffer zone inside and outside based on the existing coastline, and the study area was delineated.

[0075] S5: Identify the ecological sources and nodes in the study area and set up the ecological resistance surface.

[0076] In a possible implementation, S5 includes the following steps:

[0077] S5.1: Based on the ecological processes and functions of the study area, the quantitative results of S2 and the functions that coastal ecological corridors should have are integrated, and according to the constraints such as ecological location and ecological sensitivity and landscape theory, the ecological sources and ecological nodes in coastal areas are identified.

[0078] Ecological sources are key plots that play a decisive role in regional ecological processes and functions and are of great significance to regional ecological security. Ecological sources should meet at least three conditions: first, the ecological location is good and the source of threat has a high habitat quality; second, the importance of ecosystem service functions is high or the ecological sensitivity is strong; third, it has a good ecological spatial structure and ecological stability. In this regard, based on the results of the landscape ecological spatial pattern analysis, concentrated and contiguous areas with good landscape ecological patterns (low average perimeter area ratio and high aggregation) within the research scope are selected as candidate areas for ecological sources. According to the results of the "ecosystem service function importance evaluation" and "ecological sensitivity evaluation" (the "double evaluation" of national land space planning), high-quality habitats with high ecological service functions and habitat quality evaluation results of level I and II, as well as patches with strong ecological sensitivity, are selected as candidate patches for ecological sources. Furthermore, patches with an area of ​​less than 0.5km are screened out. 2 The ecological protection red line was also added to the ecological map patches that were located near the study area and met the minimum area requirement after aggregation at a distance of 20 meters to obtain the final 16 coastal ecological source areas with a total area of ​​36.027 km 2 .

[0079] Ecological nodes, or landscape ecological strategic points, can be understood as locations in the landscape space that connect adjacent ecological sources and play a key role in the operation of ecological flows. They are generally distributed in the most important and weakest parts of ecological structure or function. Ecological nodes are divided into two categories: structural ecological nodes and resource-based ecological nodes, which focus on structure and functionality respectively. The planning described in this embodiment meets the basic conditions of ecological sources but has an area of ​​less than 0.5km 2The spots are resource nodes, and the key ecological land located at key locations on the coastline that can serve as stepping stones in the migration of coastal organisms is the structural ecological node. A total of 17 ecological nodes are identified, with a total area of ​​3.893 km 2 .

[0080] S5.2: Based on the ecological status of the study area, select resistance factors that affect species migration, such as land use type, topography, threats from human activities, distance from the coastline, etc. Use spatial analysis methods to weighted sum each resistance factor and construct an ecological resistance surface that reflects the resistance to species migration.

[0081] Specifically, the resistance surface construction methods include:

[0082] Resistance assignment based on land use type;

[0083] Construct a comprehensive evaluation index system;

[0084] Corrections are made using data such as night light data, humidity index and terrain factors.

[0085] Among them, the construction of a comprehensive evaluation index system is implemented by constructing a minimum cumulative resistance model, which includes the following steps: determining the study area and target species, selecting resistance factors, collecting and processing data, determining the weights of resistance factors, and constructing an ecological resistance surface.

[0086] The construction of resistance surface is the core of extracting ecological corridors by the minimum cumulative resistance model method, which will directly affect the direction of the corridor. Since land use type, topography, human activity threats and distance from the coastline will have an impact on species migration, a comprehensive resistance surface is adopted. Based on this, five major resistance factors are selected: habitat type, topographic position index (TPI), distance from urban and rural construction, distance from transportation and mining, and distance from the coastline. Among them, the habitat type is merged from the land use type and is more suitable for ecological problem analysis; the topographic position index is a combination of slope and elevation, which can be calculated based on DEM data; the closer the distance to urban and rural construction and transportation and mining, the greater the resistance; the distance to the coastline is relatively special. The outer side of the coastline is an ocean area, which is not suitable for corridor construction. It is necessary to reserve 60-100m of natural ecological space on the side close to the internal area, so the resistance value decreases first and then increases with the distance from the coastline. Finally, the Delphi method was used to anonymously solicit expert opinions and gradually reach a consensus. When determining the coefficient, the relative resistance coefficient and weight were finally determined based on the expert qualifications, consistency of opinions and statistical analysis. After multiple rounds of feedback, the weighted synthesis was performed to obtain the resistance factor coefficient table 3. The spatial analysis method was used to obtain the final composite resistance surface by weighted summation of the above resistance factors.

[0087] Table 3 Ecological resistance factor coefficients and weights of city A

[0088]

[0089] S6: Carry out spatial layout of ecological corridors, connect key ecological areas, and reduce ecological resistance.

[0090] In one possible implementation method, the Linkage Mapper tool is used. Based on the identification of ecological sources and nodes and the construction of composite resistance surfaces, the cost distance and cost path analysis tools of ArcGIS software are used to calculate the shortest path from each ecological source and node to other sources and nodes based on the MCR model, and the final ecological corridor is generated as the construction result after sequential connection. This ecological corridor integrates ecological sources, broad-leaved forests, shrubs, shrubs and grasses, rivers and lakes, wetlands, mangroves, and coastal beaches. It is 306.45 km long and is an important ecological protection corridor in the coastal area of ​​City A that integrates horizontal ecological connectivity and vertical ecological buffering and isolation functions, and has high ecological value.

[0091] S7: Combined with the spatial layout generated in step S6, a vertical multi-level structure of the coastal ecological corridor is designed, and corresponding ecological projects are further carried out based on the functions of each level.

[0092] It can be understood that in S7, the coastal ecological corridor with a multi-level structure is a comprehensive ecological protection system with spatial continuity and functional diversity, which can achieve multiple goals such as ecological protection, biodiversity maintenance, pollution control and natural disaster prevention. The ecological corridor integrates a multi-level structural framework to ensure effective connection between each level and form a coherent ecological network. Each level is optimized according to its specific position and function in the ecological network, so as to build an efficient and coordinated ecological protection system in the entire coastal zone.

[0093] In one possible implementation, the coastal ecological corridor with a multi-level structure is a longitudinal multi-level structure formed by connecting the ecological buffer space inside the dike, the seawall space and the natural ecological space outside the dike.

[0094] Specifically, the buffer space within the dike is located on the inner side of the seawall. As a transition zone between land and sea, its positioning and function are to control pollution and isolate ecological impacts, and to enhance ecological buffering by establishing a wetland purification system and planting salt-tolerant plants through ecological engineering; the positioning and function of the seawall space itself and its surrounding areas are to serve as a barrier against natural disasters. Its main functions include flood control, wave breaking and bank protection, and protecting the ecology of the internal area. Ecological engineering adopts eco-friendly design, such as ecological seawalls, to enhance the ecological value of the seawall; the natural ecological space outside the dike, such as intertidal zones and mudflats, is located outside the seawall. Its positioning and function are to provide biological habitats and migration channels and maintain biodiversity. Ecological engineering focuses on protecting and restoring the natural ecology, such as establishing marine protected areas and restricting development activities.

[0095] It should be noted that in the vertical space, the coastal zone should realize the function of land-sea ecological isolation and buffering. On the one hand, the coastal ecological corridor should have the ability to alleviate the adverse effects of the terrestrial ecosystem on the marine ecosystem, including: filtering pollutants, absorbing exhaust gas, reducing interference from industrial and agricultural production, urban and rural construction, etc. On the other hand, the ecological corridor should also be able to effectively prevent the damage of marine natural disasters to the terrestrial ecosystem, such as: eliminating waves and protecting banks, resisting coastal erosion, preventing biological invasion, and reducing the impact of storm surges.

[0096] For example, the design of the coastal ecological corridor in City A and the implementation of the corresponding ecological project are used as an example to illustrate the following steps:

[0097] (1) Based on the spatial layout of the coastal ecological corridor in City A, determine Figure 2 The multi-level structural framework designed. In terms of vertical spatial structure, this structural framework includes the marine ecological space outside the dike (sea area), the seawall space (ecological seawall) and the ecological buffer space inside the dike (land area, including forest belts, trails and greenways, etc.). The specific functions of each level in the ecological corridor are clarified. The marine ecological space outside the dike serves as an important ecological habitat and a stepping stone for biological migration; the seawall space undertakes the function of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, and needs to ensure ecological safety; the ecological buffer space inside the dike undertakes the functions of ecological protection and isolation, pollution control and hydrological regulation. The hierarchical connection is designed, and a transition zone is designed between the marine ecological space and the seawall space, such as mangroves or salt marshes. These ecosystems can adapt to the intertidal environment, provide habitats for marine organisms, and at the same time reduce the impact of waves on the seawall; between the seawall space and the ecological buffer space inside the dike, an eco-friendly seawall is established, and salt-tolerant plants and native vegetation are planted to provide biological habitats and reduce the isolation effect of the seawall on the terrestrial ecosystem.

[0098] (2) Carry out corresponding ecological projects based on the functions of each level to realize the vertical buffer function of the ecological corridor.

[0099] To build a coastal ecological corridor, it is necessary to retain 80 to 120 meters of marine ecological space along the coastline, including beach and wetlands, to provide habitats for water birds and amphibians. More than 60% of the seawall space should be ecologicalized, using environmentally friendly materials to promote biological attachment; sedimentation tanks and filter dams should be built at rivers or drainage outlets to intercept suspended solids and other pollutants, and artificial wetlands and ecological purification systems should be set up in key areas to purify water quality through the action of aquatic plants and microorganisms. In the ecological buffer zone within the dike, existing natural ecosystems such as coastal shelterbelts, mountains, woodlands and wetlands should be used to optimize the path of the ecological corridor, reduce the resistance value of ecological land in the planning, and ensure that the ecological corridor is laid out along the ecological area; for salinized soil, improvement projects should be implemented to reduce salt through physical means such as deep plowing and drainage systems, apply chemical improvers such as lime to adjust soil pH, and plant salt-tolerant mangroves such as Tung Blossom Tree and Kandelia candel to improve soil structure and fix salt. Through comprehensive measures, soil fertility can be improved, biodiversity can be enhanced, and the ecological restoration and protection goals of the coastal ecological corridor can be achieved.

[0100] Figure 3 An example of a physical structure diagram of an electronic device is shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 310, a communications interface 320, a memory 330 and a communication bus 340, wherein the processor 310, the communications interface 320 and the memory 330 communicate with each other through the communication bus 340. The processor 310 may call the logic instructions in the memory 330 to execute a method for constructing a coastal ecological corridor that takes into account the lateral connectivity and longitudinal buffering functions.

[0101] In addition, the logic instructions in the above-mentioned memory 330 can be implemented in the form of a software functional unit and can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium when it is sold or used as an independent product. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk, etc. Various media that can store program codes.

[0102] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program. The computer program can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute a coastal ecological corridor construction method that takes into account lateral connectivity and longitudinal buffering functions provided by the above methods.

[0103] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without paying creative labor.

[0104] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each implementation method can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solution is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a disk, an optical disk, etc., including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiments.

[0105] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a coastal ecological corridor that takes into account both horizontal connectivity and vertical buffering functions, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Investigate the coastal ecological environment in the study area, analyze ecological stress factors, and preliminarily assess their impact on the coastal ecosystem; Combined with the regional ecological reality of the study area, the analytic hierarchy process, InVEST model and landscape ecological spatial pattern analysis method were integrated to identify the main ecological problems in the region and obtain quantitative results; Based on the main ecological problems in the region and the quantitative results, a coastal ecological corridor construction plan is formulated to ensure that it has horizontal ecological connectivity functions and vertical buffer isolation functions; the horizontal ecological connectivity function refers to the functions of the ecological connection areas established along the parallel coastline in the coastal ecological corridor, including: providing a safe horizontal migration path for species; promoting horizontal ecological processes; maintaining biodiversity; the method for determining each function: conducting species diversity surveys to determine the key species in the region, using GIS spatial analysis to identify the migration paths and habitat requirements of key species; evaluating the ecological processes in the region to understand the natural flow paths of water and nutrients; determining the biodiversity hotspots in the region through biodiversity assessments, and identifying potential ecological corridors; based on the minimum cumulative resistance model, identifying The high-quality habitats, important coastal ecological protection areas and sensitive areas are taken as ecological sources, and the results of the construction of ecological resistance factors are taken as ecological resistance surfaces. The horizontal ecological connectivity function is determined by calculating the minimum cumulative resistance path between ecological sources; the longitudinal buffer isolation function is the function of the buffer zone established in the coastal ecological corridor perpendicular to the coastline, including: pollution isolation function; function as a buffer zone for natural disasters; function of protecting the natural state of the coastline, maintaining its ecological functions and biodiversity; the method for determining each function is to identify the main pollution sources, conduct spatial analysis to simulate the diffusion path and impact range; study the climate and geographical characteristics of the region, and identify high-risk areas for natural disasters; conduct ecological importance evaluation, identify key habitats and species, and determine the longitudinal buffer isolation function to protect key species and areas; Delineate the study area within a certain distance from the coastline; Identify the ecological sources and nodes in the study area and set up the ecological resistance surface, including: based on the ecological process and function of the study area, comprehensively analyze the quantitative results and the functions that the coastal ecological corridor should have, and identify the ecological sources and nodes in the coastal area according to the constraints of ecological location and ecological sensitivity and landscape theory; based on the ecological status of the study area, select the resistance factors that affect species migration, use the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS software, weighted sum each resistance factor, and construct an ecological resistance surface that reflects the resistance to species migration; Combined with ecological sources, ecological nodes and ecological resistance surfaces, the spatial layout of the coastal ecological corridor is determined, including: according to the overall layout and construction objectives of the coastal ecological corridor, a coastal ecological corridor with a multi-level structure is designed, the positioning and function of each level is clarified, and effective ecological connections between the levels are ensured; through the study of the positioning and corresponding functions of each level, a series of corresponding ecological projects are set up to realize the longitudinal buffer function of the coastal ecological corridor as a whole; The multi-level coastal ecological corridor is a comprehensive ecological protection system with spatial continuity and functional diversity. It is a vertical multi-level structure formed by connecting the ecological buffer space inside the dike, the seawall space and the natural ecological space outside the dike. The ecological buffer space inside the dike is located on the inner side of the seawall. As a transition zone between land and sea, its positioning and function are to control pollution and isolate ecological impacts, and to enhance ecological buffering through wetland purification systems established by ecological engineering and planting of salt-tolerant plants. The positioning and function of the seawall space is to serve as a barrier against natural disasters, including flood control, wave elimination and bank protection, to protect the ecology of the internal area. The positioning and function of the natural ecological space outside the dike is to provide biological habitats and migration channels, and to maintain biodiversity. Combined with the spatial layout, a hierarchical structure design is carried out for the coastal ecological corridor, and corresponding ecological projects are carried out to implement it.

2. The method for constructing a coastal ecological corridor taking into account the horizontal connectivity and vertical buffering functions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The coastal ecological environment includes species diversity, habitat types and species distribution; the ecological stress factors include natural factors and human factors.

3. The method for constructing a coastal ecological corridor taking into account the horizontal connectivity and vertical buffering functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of identifying the main ecological problems in a region and obtaining quantitative results using the comprehensive analytic hierarchy process, InVEST model and landscape ecological spatial pattern analysis method comprises the following steps: The analytic hierarchy process was used to quantify the coastal ecological stress factors, conduct spatial analysis, evaluate the impact of different ecological stress factors on the ecosystem, and obtain the quantitative results of ecological stress factors; The habitat quality module of the InVEST model was used to evaluate the habitat quality by comprehensively considering the habitat type, sensitivity of ecological stress factors, impact distance and protection level, and obtain the quantitative results of habitat quality. Combining the results of ecosystem service function importance assessment and ecological vulnerability assessment, the importance and sensitivity level of ecosystem services in coastal areas were determined, and the quantitative results of ecosystem services were obtained; Through the landscape ecological spatial pattern analysis method, the landscape pattern index is used for quantification to obtain the quantitative results of the degree of ecological spatial fragmentation; A quantification result is obtained, where the quantification result is a summary result of the above quantification results.

4. The method for constructing a coastal ecological corridor taking into account the horizontal connectivity and vertical buffering functions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The resistance factors include: habitat type, topographic index, distance to urban and rural construction, distance to transportation, industry and mining, and distance to the coastline; the weight coefficient of the resistance factor is determined by the Delphi method.

5. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the program, it implements the coastal ecological corridor construction method taking into account the horizontal connectivity and vertical buffering functions as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for constructing a coastal ecological corridor taking into account the horizontal connectivity and vertical buffering functions as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented.

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