A microwave and millimeter wave structure duplex antenna for vehicle-mounted communications

Abstract

This invention discloses a microwave-millimeter-wave structured multiplexed antenna for vehicle communication, comprising a microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna, a millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique-fire phased array, and a millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique-fire phased array. The structured multiplexed antenna constructed by this invention embeds the vertically polarized and horizontally polarized millimeter-wave oblique-fire phased arrays into the inherent structure of the ultra-wideband microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna, forming a seamlessly integrated high-frequency-ratio multi-band antenna. The vertically polarized and horizontally polarized millimeter-wave oblique-fire phased arrays have the characteristics of wide bandwidth, simple structure, and low profile, while the microwave Vivaldi antenna has the characteristics of ultra-wideband bandwidth and miniaturization. The vertically polarized millimeter-wave antenna and the horizontally polarized millimeter-wave antenna respectively utilize multi-mode resonance superposition and equiphase surface adjustment techniques to achieve a stable 45° oblique-fire beam across a wide operating frequency band without adding additional structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and specifically relates to a microwave millimeter-wave structure multiplexed antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) wireless communication technology, as a key technology for achieving comprehensive connectivity and communication between vehicles and their surrounding environment, including other vehicles, roads (traffic infrastructure), pedestrians, and networks, has become an indispensable component of fifth-generation (5G) and future mobile communication networks. With the increasing demand for data-intensive applications such as autonomous driving and in-vehicle infotainment, the spectrum resources of the microwave low-frequency band are becoming increasingly insufficient to support the growing data transmission rates. Introducing millimeter-wave bands into future V2X technologies to obtain greater bandwidth and support higher transmission rates is considered an ideal solution.

[0003] With the introduction of millimeter-wave communication modules, the number of vehicle-mounted communication antennas will inevitably increase. If millimeter-wave antennas can be organically integrated into the design of microwave low-frequency communication antennas to construct a high-frequency ratio integrated microwave-millimeter-wave antenna, then no additional structural space is required. This could potentially achieve a vehicle-mounted microwave-millimeter-wave dual-mode communication system while minimizing the impact on the original vehicle-mounted microwave low-frequency communication functions, aligning with the development trend of miniaturization and integration of vehicle-mounted communication systems.

[0004] According to relevant data, the data transmission rate requirements of vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication are several times higher than those of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Therefore, the need to introduce millimeter waves in V2I communication scenarios is more urgent. It is worth mentioning that the weak diffraction capability of millimeter waves makes V2I communication scenarios more suitable for millimeter wave communication than V2V. Due to the height difference between the vehicle roof and the roadside unit (RSU), millimeter wave antennas with tilted beams can achieve sufficiently high link gain in this scenario, offering significant advantages over traditional side-fired or end-fired antennas. Regarding tilted antenna research, using externally loaded reflectors, directors, phase gradient surfaces, and other structures to adjust the antenna propagation direction is currently the mainstream technical solution. However, the miniaturization and integration requirements due to space constraints in vehicle antenna structures pose significant implementation difficulties for the aforementioned tilted antenna implementation methods. Currently, there are no reports on vehicle-mounted millimeter wave tilted antennas or their integrated integration with microwave low-frequency antennas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical Problem: The purpose of this invention is to address the immaturity of existing technical solutions by providing a microwave-millimeter-wave multiplexed antenna for vehicle communication. It seamlessly integrates vertically polarized and horizontally polarized millimeter-wave phased arrays into the inherent structure of the microwave antenna, forming a high-frequency-ratio multi-band antenna. It achieves wide-band operation in both microwave and millimeter-wave frequency bands. Furthermore, both types of polarized millimeter-wave phased arrays achieve stable 45° oblique radiation beam performance within the frequency band using two novel beam control methods without requiring additional parasitic structures.

[0006] Technical Solution: To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a microwave-millimeter-wave multiplexed antenna for vehicle communication. The antenna comprises two single-layer printed circuit boards (PCBs): a first PCB and a second PCB, and a metal plate. The first PCB houses a microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna with an exponentially tapered groove structure and a millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique phased array along its edge. The second PCB houses a millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique phased array and a feeding structure. The second PCB is attached to one side of the first PCB, and the two are fixed together by metal screws to form a single planar structure. The metal plate is vertically soldered to the two PCBs to act as the ideal electric barrier for the microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna.

[0007] The exponentially tapered groove structure on the microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna is disposed on both sides of the first printed circuit board, and a series of metallized hole phased arrays are arranged along the outer periphery of the exponentially tapered groove structure to realize the electrical connection between the metals on both sides of the printed circuit board.

[0008] The metal plate is vertically soldered to the printed circuit board along one side of the exponentially gradient groove, and a slit is cut in the plate to avoid short circuits with the power supply structure.

[0009] The upper edge of the microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna is provided with a millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique phased array; the upper edge of the second printed circuit board is provided with a millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique phased array; the feeding structure of the microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna is provided on the second printed circuit board, including a balun converter and a terminated microwave connector.

[0010] The millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique phased array has a radiating element consisting of a substrate integrated waveguide open antenna and two transverse slots etched on the same side of its wide metal wall, namely the first transverse slot and the second transverse slot; the two transverse slots are at a certain distance from the open side of the substrate integrated waveguide.

[0011] The substrate integrated waveguide open antenna has longitudinal grounded metallized via arrays on both sides, and a transverse grounded metallized via on the other side of the radiating aperture to prevent signal leakage. In addition, the substrate integrated waveguide open antenna has a coaxial-substrate integrated waveguide transition structure at a certain distance from the closed side metal wall, i.e., the transverse grounded metallized via. The coaxial-substrate integrated waveguide transition structure consists of a probe made of a metallized via and metal pads set on the top and bottom metals. One of the pads is used to solder to a microwave coaxial connector.

[0012] The millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique phased array has a radiating unit comprising electric dipole arms etched on the surface to form a bottom metal structure and feed lines etched on the top layer of the horizontally polarized oblique radiating unit. The electric dipole arms extend to a large area of ​​metal ground plane on the same metal layer, which also acts as a reflector for the electric dipole arms to form directional radiation. The feed structure on the top metal layer of the horizontally polarized oblique radiating unit is a microstrip structure with an integrated balun. The microstrip transmission line is further connected to the surface mount structure of the fifth surface mount connector, facilitating impedance matching and soldering of the fifth surface mount connector.

[0013] The millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique phased array has its radiating element disposed on a printed circuit board on which the feed lines of a microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna are printed. One side of the printed electric dipole arms is connected to the printed circuit board on which the microwave Vivaldi antenna exponential gradient groove structure is printed, forming the inner metal layer of the entire board. The microwave Vivaldi antenna exponential gradient groove structure hollows out the metal below the electric dipole arms to form a metal hollow area to avoid short circuits.

[0014] The millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique phased array includes a first horizontally polarized antenna radiating element, a second horizontally polarized antenna radiating element, a third horizontally polarized antenna radiating element, and a fourth horizontally polarized antenna radiating element. Each horizontally polarized radiating element is also copied laterally with a period of 6 mm, resulting in four radiating elements that form a phased array in a one-dimensional direction. A first microwave surface mount connector, a second microwave surface mount connector, a third microwave surface mount connector, and a fourth microwave surface mount connector are soldered onto the microstrip lines of the four horizontally polarized radiating elements. By inputting equal-amplitude but unequal-phase feeds at the feed ports of the connectors of the first to fourth radiating elements, the beam scanning characteristics of the E-plane of the horizontally polarized phased array are obtained.

[0015] The millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique phased array includes a vertically polarized first antenna radiating element, a vertically polarized second antenna radiating element, a vertically polarized third antenna radiating element, and a vertically polarized fourth antenna radiating element. Each vertically polarized radiating element is also translated and replicated laterally with a period of 6 mm, resulting in four radiating elements that form a phased array in one dimension. A first coaxial connector, a second coaxial connector, a third coaxial connector, and a fourth coaxial connector are welded to the coaxial-substrate integrated waveguide adapter structure of the four vertically polarized radiating elements. By inputting equal-amplitude but unequal-phase feeds at the connector feed ports of the first to fourth radiating elements, the beam scanning characteristics of the H-plane of the vertically polarized phased array are obtained.

[0016] Beneficial Effects: By adopting the above-described scheme, the microwave-millimeter-wave multiplexed antenna provided by this invention can achieve wideband operation in both microwave and millimeter-wave frequency bands. Furthermore, both types of polarized millimeter-wave phased arrays can achieve stable 45° oblique radiation beam performance over a wide bandwidth without adding additional parasitic structures. The provided antenna has significant advantages such as wide bandwidth, stable millimeter-wave dual-polarized oblique beam, high-frequency interband isolation, and ease of integration with millimeter-wave front-end active circuitry. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the microwave millimeter-wave structure multiplexing antenna provided by the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a top view of the exponentially tapered groove structure of the microwave and millimeter-wave multiplexed antenna provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a top view of the feeding structure of the microwave millimeter-wave multiplexed antenna provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of the millimeter-wave oblique phased array of the microwave millimeter-wave structure multiplexing antenna provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique radiation element of the microwave millimeter-wave structure multiplexing antenna provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the top metal structure of the millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique radiation unit of the microwave millimeter-wave structure multiplexing antenna provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique radiation element of the microwave millimeter-wave structure multiplexing antenna provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique radiation element of the microwave millimeter-wave structure multiplexing antenna provided by the present invention, wherein a is a schematic diagram of the top metal structure; b is a schematic diagram of the bottom metal structure;

[0025] Figure 9 The simulation and test results of the return loss of the microwave antenna of the microwave millimeter-wave structure multiplexing antenna provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0026] Figure 10 These are the S-parameter simulation and test results of the millimeter-wave phased array of the structured multiplexed antenna provided by this invention;

[0027] Figure 11 These are the simulation and test results of the microwave and millimeter-wave port isolation of the microwave and millimeter-wave structure multiplexed antenna provided by this invention;

[0028] Figure 12 These are the simulation and test results of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the microwave Vivaldi antenna of the microwave millimeter-wave structure multiplexing antenna provided by this invention at different frequency points;

[0029] Figure 13 These are the simulation and test results of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique phased array of the microwave millimeter-wave structure multiplexed antenna provided by this invention at different frequency points;

[0030] Figure 14 The simulation and test results of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique phased array of the microwave millimeter-wave structure multiplexed antenna provided by the present invention at different frequency points.

[0031] The diagram includes: 1. First printed circuit board; 2. Second printed circuit board; 3. Metal plate; 4. Microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna; 5. Millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique phased array; 6. Millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique phased array; 7. Metal screw; 8. Exponentially tapered groove structure; 9. Metallized hole phased array; 10. Balun converter; 11. Microwave connector; 12. Vertically polarized first antenna radiating element; 13. Vertically polarized second antenna radiating element; 14. Vertically polarized third antenna radiating element; 15. Vertically polarized fourth antenna radiating element; 16. Horizontally polarized first antenna radiating element; 17. Horizontally polarized second antenna radiating element; 18. Horizontally polarized third antenna radiating element; 19. Horizontally polarized fourth antenna radiating element. 20. First coaxial connector 21. Second coaxial connector 22. Third coaxial connector 23. Fourth coaxial connector 24. First microwave surface mount connector 25. Second microwave surface mount connector 26. Third microwave surface mount connector 27. Fourth microwave surface mount connector 28. Substrate integrated waveguide aperture antenna 29. First lateral slot 30. Second lateral slot 31. Longitudinal grounding metallized via array 32. Lateral grounding metallized via 33. Coaxial-substrate integrated waveguide adapter structure 33. Microwave coaxial connector 34. Electric dipole double arm 35. Ground 36. Feed structure 37. Microstrip transmission line 38. Surface mount structure 39. Fifth surface mount connector 40. Metal cutout area 41. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solution and beneficial effects of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] The microwave millimeter-wave structure multiplexing antenna for vehicle communication of the present invention includes a microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna designed to provide forward radiation capability for vehicles to meet the needs of low-frequency applications such as vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and a vertically polarized and horizontally polarized millimeter-wave oblique phased array responsible for providing upward 45° radiation to achieve high-speed millimeter-wave communication with roadside units.

[0034] The microwave-millimeter-wave multiplexed antenna for vehicle communication comprises two single-layer printed circuit boards (PCBs) and an aluminum metal plate. One PCB displays an exponentially tapered slot structure for a microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna and a substrate-integrated waveguide structure for a millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique phased array. The other PCB displays the feed structure for the microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna and has patterns etched along its edges to form a horizontally polarized millimeter-wave oblique phased array. The two PCBs are secured and mounted with metal screws, forming a single planar structure. Additionally, an aluminum metal plate is vertically soldered to the planar PCBs to act as an ideal electrical barrier for the half-mode Vivaldi antenna.

[0035] The exponentially tapered slot structure of the aforementioned microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna is symmetrically printed on both sides of a single-layer printed circuit board. A series of metallized via arrays are arranged along the outer periphery of the exponentially tapered slot to achieve structural integration. This arrangement allows the metal layers on both sides of the dielectric substrate to function as a single unit, operating as a metal exponentially tapered slot structure of a certain thickness. This ensures the strength of the antenna structure while facilitating the integration of waveguide structures on millimeter-wave substrates. The Vivaldi antenna's feed structure is printed on another single-layer printed circuit board, including a microstrip-to-slot balun transform and a terminated microwave connector. The feed balun forms a broadband impedance match with the exponentially tapered slot section, allowing current to flow along the edge of the tapered slot and radiate outwards. Furthermore, to simulate the metal shell of a vehicle roof and provide an ideal electromagnetic environment, a metal plate is vertically soldered to the surface of the printed circuit board, with a slot cut into the plate to prevent short circuits with the feed structure. The presence of the metal plate also provides the structural basis for the design of the half-mode microwave Vivaldi antenna, enabling miniaturization of the microwave antenna structure.

[0036] The radiating element of the aforementioned millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique phased array consists of a substrate integrated waveguide (SIWB) open-aperture antenna and two transverse slots etched into a wide metal wall on one side. Specifically, the metallized via array located at the edge of the dielectric substrate is removed, and a SIWB structure is formed on the other side to create aperture-area radiation at the end. The two transverse slots are etched into the same wide metal wall of the SIWB, at a certain distance from the open side of the SIWB. The two transverse slots can introduce a longitudinal electric field and create a voltage difference across the slots; therefore, the transverse slots can be considered as a series circuit structure containing reactance and resistance, meaning they can introduce additional resonant modes. The two transverse slots are located at different positions from the open side of the SIWB and have different sizes. These transverse slots can introduce two additional resonant modes and improve the impedance matching of the antenna, enabling broadband matching in the millimeter-wave band.

[0037] The substrate integrated waveguide structure used in the aforementioned millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique phased array radiating element consists of two rows of grounded metallized via arrays. A similar row of grounded metallized vias is also provided on the other side of the radiating aperture to prevent signal leakage. Furthermore, the substrate integrated waveguide aperture antenna is fed by a coaxial-substrate integrated waveguide structure located at a certain distance from the closed-side metal wall. This coaxial structure consists of a probe formed by a metallized via and slightly larger diameter metal pads on the top and bottom metal layers. One of the pads is used to solder a microwave coaxial connector.

[0038] The substrate-integrated waveguide aperture antenna and the two transverse slots on the wide-side metal wall of the aforementioned millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique phased array radiating element can all be equivalent to ideal magnetic flux elements distributed in the same direction. Therefore, the vertically polarized oblique antenna element can be equivalent to a three-element array with unequal amplitude and unequal phase. By reasonably setting the parameters, the amplitude and phase states between multiple magnetic flux elements can be adjusted, thereby making the maximum radiation beam of the antenna element point in the 45° oblique direction of the antenna.

[0039] The aforementioned millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique phased array radiating element is implemented using a printed electric dipole with an integrated balun. The dipole's two arms are printed on one side of a printed circuit board and fed by a microstrip line printed on the other side. This design ensures the electric dipole antenna has excellent broadband matching performance. The dipole's two arms extend to a large-area metal ground plane on the same metal layer, which also acts as a reflector for the dipole to generate directional radiation. The feeding structure on the other side of the metal layer is a microstrip structure with an integrated balun. The microstrip transmission line is further connected to a surface-mount microwave connector for easy impedance matching and soldering.

[0040] The aforementioned millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique phased array radiating element is mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) with a microwave Vivaldi antenna feed structure. One side, containing the double arms of an electric dipole, is connected to another PCB with a microwave Vivaldi antenna exponentially tapered slot structure, forming the inner metal layer of the entire board. The microwave Vivaldi antenna exponentially tapered slot structure has metal cutouts at appropriate locations to prevent short circuits. The PCB with the microwave Vivaldi antenna exponentially tapered slot structure not only serves as structural support but also functions as a millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique beam director. By adjusting the phase surface of the antenna's radiated electric field, the millimeter-wave horizontally polarized radiating element can form a stable oblique 45° radiation pattern.

[0041] like Figure 1 This embodiment presents a microwave and millimeter-wave multiplexed antenna for use in vehicle communication.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 The structured multiplexed antenna of this embodiment includes a first printed circuit board 1, a second printed circuit board 2, and an aluminum metal plate 3. The exponentially graded slot structure and feed structure of the microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna 4 are printed on the two single-layer printed circuit boards, respectively. A millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique phased array 5 and a millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique phased array 6 are embedded on the other edge of the two printed circuit boards, respectively. The two printed circuit boards are fixed and mounted by metal screws 7 to form an integral planar structure. The aluminum metal plate is vertically soldered to the planar printed circuit board to serve as the ideal electric wall of the half-mode Vivaldi antenna.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this embodiment, the exponentially tapered slot structure 8 of the half-mode Vivaldi antenna is symmetrically printed on both sides of a single-layer printed circuit board. A series of metallized hole phased arrays 9 are arranged along the outer periphery of the exponentially tapered slot to achieve structural integration. The feeding structure of the Vivaldi antenna is printed on another single-layer printed circuit board, including a microstrip line-to-slot balun transform 10 and a terminated microwave connector 11.

[0044] Reference Figure 4 The millimeter-wave oblique phased array of this embodiment includes vertically polarized first antenna radiating element 12, vertically polarized second antenna radiating element 13, vertically polarized third antenna radiating element 14, vertically polarized fourth antenna radiating element 15, and horizontally polarized first antenna radiating element 16, horizontally polarized second antenna radiating element 17, horizontally polarized third antenna radiating element 18, and horizontally polarized fourth antenna radiating element 19 integrated on the edge of a microwave Vivaldi antenna. The vertically polarized and horizontally polarized radiating elements are also translated and replicated laterally with a period of 6 mm, resulting in four radiating elements that form a phased array in one dimension. First coaxial connector 20, second coaxial connector 21, third coaxial connector 22, and fourth coaxial connector 23 are soldered onto the coaxial-substrate integrated waveguide transition structure of the four vertically polarized radiating elements. First microwave surface mount connector 24, second microwave surface mount connector 25, third microwave surface mount connector 26, and fourth microwave surface mount connector 27 are soldered onto the microstrip lines of the four horizontally polarized radiating elements. By inputting equal-amplitude but unequal-phase feeds into the feed ports of the first to fourth radiating elements, the beam scanning characteristics of the H-plane of the vertically polarized phased array and the E-plane of the horizontally polarized phased array can be obtained respectively.

[0045] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 In this embodiment, the radiating element of the millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique phased array consists of a substrate integrated waveguide aperture antenna 28 and a first transverse slot 29 and a second transverse slot 30 etched on a wide metal wall on one side. The substrate integrated waveguide structure used consists of a longitudinally grounded metallized via array 31, and a row of transversely grounded metallized vias 32 is also provided on the other side of the radiating aperture surface to prevent signal leakage. In addition, the substrate integrated waveguide aperture antenna is fed by a coaxial-substrate integrated waveguide transition structure 33 located at a certain distance from the closed side metal wall. It consists of a probe made of a metallized via and slightly larger diameter metal pads provided on the top and bottom metal layers, with one side of the pads used to solder to a microwave coaxial connector 34.

[0046] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 8In this embodiment, the electric dipole arms 35 of the millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique phased array radiating unit are etched onto one side of the printed circuit board metal, extending to a large-area metal ground plane 36 on the same metal layer. This ground plane simultaneously functions as a reflector for the electric dipole to generate directional radiation. The electric dipole is fed by a feed structure 37 with an integrated balun printed on the other side. A microstrip transmission line 38 is further connected to a surface-mount package structure 39 of the microwave connector to facilitate impedance matching and soldering of the fifth surface mount connector 40. Furthermore, the metal side with the printed electric dipole arms is connected to another printed circuit board with a microwave Vivaldi antenna index gradient groove structure, forming the inner metal layer of the entire board. The microwave Vivaldi antenna index gradient groove structure has metal cutout areas 41 at corresponding locations to prevent short circuits.

[0047] To verify the authenticity and reliability of the microwave and millimeter-wave structured multiplexed antenna provided by this invention, an example of a structured multiplexed antenna operating in the Sub-6GHz and Ka-band was fabricated according to the technical solution provided by this invention for verification. The designed example structured multiplexed antenna uses a 1.524mm thick RO 4003C dielectric substrate and a 0.1mm thick RO 4350B dielectric substrate. Figures 9 to 14 The relevant performance simulation and actual test parameters of the example antenna are given. It can be seen from the simulation and experimental results that the antenna provided by the present invention has advantages such as wide bandwidth, stable millimeter-wave dual-polarized tilted beam, high-frequency interband isolation, and easy integration of millimeter-wave front-end active circuits.

[0048] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical concept of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made without departing from the principle of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microwave and millimeter-wave multiplexed antenna for vehicle-mounted communication, characterized in that: The antenna comprises two single-layer printed circuit boards, namely a first printed circuit board (1) and a second printed circuit board (2), and a metal plate (3); wherein, the first printed circuit board (1) is provided with a microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna (4), and an exponentially tapered groove structure (8) and a millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique phased array (5) are provided on the edge of the microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna (4); the second printed circuit board (2) is provided with a millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique phased array (6) and a feeding structure for the microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna (4), the second printed circuit board (2) is attached to one side of the first printed circuit board (1), and the two are fixed by metal screws (7) to form an integral planar structure; the metal plate (3) is vertically soldered to the two single-layer printed circuit boards to serve as the ideal electric wall of the microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna (4); The metal plate (3) is vertically soldered to the printed circuit board along the center of one side of the exponentially gradient groove line, and a slit is cut out on the plate to avoid short circuit with the power supply structure. The upper edge of the microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna (4) is provided with a millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique phased array (5); the upper edge of the second printed circuit board (2) is provided with a millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique phased array (6); the feeding structure of the microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna (4) is provided on the second printed circuit board (2), including a balun converter (10) and a terminated microwave connector (11).

2. The microwave millimeter-wave structure multiplexing antenna for vehicle communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The exponentially tapered groove structure (8) on the microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna (4) is disposed on both sides of the first printed circuit board (1), and a series of metallized hole phased arrays (9) are arranged along the outer periphery of the exponentially tapered groove structure (8) to realize the electrical connection between the metals on both sides of the printed circuit board.

3. The microwave millimeter-wave structure multiplexing antenna for vehicle communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique phased array (5) has a radiating element consisting of a substrate integrated waveguide open antenna (28) and two transverse slots etched on the wide side metal wall of the same side, namely the first transverse slot (29) and the second transverse slot (30); the two transverse slots are at a certain distance from the open side of the substrate integrated waveguide.

4. The microwave millimeter-wave multiplexed antenna for vehicle communication as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The substrate integrated waveguide aperture antenna (28) has a longitudinal grounded metallized via array (31) on both sides and a transverse grounded metallized via (32) on the other side of the radiating aperture to prevent signal leakage. In addition, the substrate integrated waveguide aperture antenna (28) has a coaxial-substrate integrated waveguide transition structure (33) at a certain distance from the transverse grounded metallized via (32). The coaxial-substrate integrated waveguide transition structure (33) consists of a probe made of a metallized via and metal pads set on the top and bottom metals. One of the pads is used to solder to the microwave coaxial connector (34).

5. The microwave millimeter-wave multiplexed antenna for vehicle communication as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique phased array (6) has a radiating unit comprising an electric dipole double arm (35) formed by surface etching on the bottom metal structure and a feed line (37) formed by surface etching on the top layer of the horizontally polarized oblique radiating unit; the electric dipole double arm (35) extends to a ground plane (36) of a large area of ​​metal on the same metal layer, and the ground plane (36) also acts as a reflector of the electric dipole double arm to form directional radiation; the feed structure on the top metal layer of the horizontally polarized oblique radiating unit is a microstrip structure with integrated balun, and the microstrip transmission line (38) is further connected to the surface package structure (39) of the fifth surface mount connector (40) to facilitate impedance matching and soldering of the fifth surface mount connector (40).

6. The microwave millimeter-wave structure multiplexing antenna for vehicle communication as described in claim 5, characterized in that... The millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique phased array (6) has its radiating element set on a printed circuit board on which the feed line (37) of the microwave half-mode Vivaldi antenna is printed; wherein, one side of the printed electric dipole double arm (35) is connected to the printed circuit board on which the microwave Vivaldi antenna exponential gradient groove structure (8) is printed, becoming the inner metal layer of the whole board, and the microwave Vivaldi antenna exponential gradient groove structure hollows out the metal below the electric dipole double arm (35) into a metal hollow area (41) to avoid short circuit.

7. The microwave millimeter-wave multiplexed antenna for vehicle communication as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The millimeter-wave horizontally polarized oblique phased array (6) includes a horizontally polarized first antenna radiating element (16), a horizontally polarized second antenna radiating element (17), a horizontally polarized third antenna radiating element (18), and a horizontally polarized fourth antenna radiating element (19). The horizontally polarized radiating elements are also translated and replicated in the horizontal direction with a period of 6 mm to obtain four radiating elements and form a phased array in one dimension. The first microwave surface mount connector (24), the second microwave surface mount connector (25), the third microwave surface mount connector (26), and the fourth microwave surface mount connector (27) are soldered to the microstrip lines of the four horizontally polarized radiating elements. By inputting equal amplitude but unequal phase feeds at the connector feed ports of the first to fourth radiating elements, the beam scanning characteristics of the vertical horizontally polarized phased array E-plane are obtained.

8. The microwave millimeter-wave multiplexed antenna for vehicle communication as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The millimeter-wave vertically polarized oblique phased array (5) includes a vertically polarized first antenna radiating element (12), a vertically polarized second antenna radiating element (13), a vertically polarized third antenna radiating element (14), and a vertically polarized fourth antenna radiating element (15). The vertically polarized radiating elements are also translated and replicated in the lateral direction with a period of 6 mm to obtain four radiating elements and form a phased array in one dimension. The first coaxial connector (20), the second coaxial connector (21), the third coaxial connector (22), and the fourth coaxial connector (23) are welded to the coaxial-substrate integrated waveguide adapter structure (33) of the four vertically polarized radiating elements. By inputting equal amplitude but unequal phase feeds at the connector feed ports of the first to fourth radiating elements, the beam scanning characteristics of the H-plane of the vertically polarized phased array are obtained.

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