A control method for a fuel cell air system and a fuel cell air system

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and specifically to a control method for a fuel cell air system and a fuel cell air system, including: collecting the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system and the state of the fuel cell; determining the control mode of the fuel cell air system based on the collected data, including: if the first condition is met; the fuel cell air system is open-loop controlled, and the open-loop control includes using a preset first control parameter group for control; if the second condition is met; the fuel cell air system is closed-loop controlled, and the closed-loop includes using a preset first control parameter group and an output feedback parameter group for control. The control method of the present invention includes an open-loop or closed-loop control mode, and has strong adaptability; by decoupling the parameters through closed-loop control, parameters that can more accurately control the air system can be obtained, thereby improving the stability and control accuracy of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a control method for a fuel cell air system and a fuel cell air system. Background Art

[0002] The fuel cell air system plays a vital role in the fuel cell. It is responsible for providing essential oxygen to the redox reaction of the fuel cell. When designing a fuel cell system, the default control parameters of the air system are planned and set to ensure the stable operation of the system.

[0003] At present, many existing technologies use relatively simple control methods, mainly by adjusting the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back pressure valve to control the air pressure and flow entering the fuel cell stack. Although this method is simple and easy to implement, it may cause some problems, such as fuel cell oxygen "starvation" and overoxygenation. When the air flow is insufficient, the redox reaction in the fuel cell stack may not get enough oxygen, resulting in a decrease in reaction efficiency. This is the so-called oxygen "starvation" phenomenon. The overoxygenation phenomenon refers to excessive air flow, resulting in excess oxygen, which will also affect the performance and life of the fuel cell stack, and it is often difficult to ensure the stability and accuracy of the control of the air state. Summary of the invention

[0004] (I) Purpose of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a control method for a fuel cell air system and a fuel cell air system which can improve the working stability of a fuel cell stack and improve the control accuracy.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a control method for a fuel cell air system, comprising:

[0008] Collect the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system and the status of the fuel cell;

[0009] The control mode of the fuel cell air system is determined according to the collected fuel cell air system ambient temperature and the state of the fuel cell, including:

[0010] If the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system or the state of the fuel cell meets the first condition;

[0011] then performing open-loop control on the fuel cell air system, the open-loop control comprising controlling using a preset first control parameter group;

[0012] The first condition includes that the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system is ≤ 0°C, the fuel cell system is in a startup state, or the fuel cell system is in a shutdown state;

[0013] If the fuel cell air system ambient temperature meets the second condition;

[0014] Then, the fuel cell air system is controlled in a closed loop, wherein the closed loop includes controlling by using a preset first control parameter group and an output feedback parameter group;

[0015] The second condition includes that the fuel cell air system ambient temperature is greater than 0°C.

[0016] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably, the preset first control parameter group is obtained through experiments, including:

[0017] Setting experimental parameters, wherein the experimental parameters include a current demand value of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell air system, an ambient pressure, and an ambient temperature;

[0018] The experiment pre-sets the air flow range and the air pressure range;

[0019] Recording experimental results at different current demand values, ambient pressures, and ambient temperatures, wherein the experimental results include air compressor speed and back pressure valve opening;

[0020] Using the experimental results, a mapping relationship between the current demand value and the air compressor speed, the back pressure valve opening, the ambient pressure and the ambient temperature is established;

[0021] The mapping relationship is a preset first control parameter group.

[0022] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably, determining the air flow range and the air pressure range according to the back pressure valve boundary capacity and the air compressor boundary capacity includes:

[0023] The back pressure valve opening is adjusted between the two end boundary capacities of the back pressure valve and the air compressor speed is adjusted between the two end boundary capacities of the air compressor;

[0024] Detecting the real-time status of the air system during the adjustment process, and obtaining and recording the corresponding air flow and air pressure;

[0025] Using the preset value search table and the matrix linear value search method, the air flow range and air pressure range of the air system are obtained.

[0026] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably, closed-loop control is performed using a preset first control parameter group and an output feedback parameter group, including:

[0027] Acquire a second control parameter group according to the first control parameter group and the output feedback parameter group;

[0028] Decoupling the second control parameter group to obtain a third control parameter group;

[0029] Adding the first control parameter group and the third control parameter group to obtain a final control parameter group;

[0030] The fuel cell air system is closed-loop controlled using the final control parameter group.

[0031] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably, acquiring the second control parameter group according to the first control parameter group and the output feedback parameter group comprises:

[0032] Calculating a deviation value between the first control parameter group and the output feedback parameter group;

[0033] A second control parameter group is obtained according to the deviation value.

[0034] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably,

[0035] The decoupling the second control parameter group to obtain the third control parameter group includes:

[0036] Calculating a first relative gain of the air compressor speed to the back pressure valve opening and a second relative gain of the back pressure valve opening to the air compressor speed in the air system;

[0037] Calculate a first decoupling coefficient of the air compressor speed to the back pressure valve opening and a second decoupling coefficient of the back pressure valve opening to the air compressor speed by using the first relative gain and the second relative gain;

[0038] Decoupling the second control parameter group using the first decoupling coefficient and the second decoupling coefficient;

[0039] The third control parameter is calculated by using the decoupled second control parameter group and the first relative gain and the second relative gain.

[0040] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably, the relative gain is expressed by the following formula:

[0041]

[0042] Among them, λ ij Indicates the relative gain of the analysis system; represents the first amplification factor, that is, when all control variables remain unchanged, the jth input u j For the i-th output y i The open loop gain, represents the second amplification factor, that is, when other controlled parameters remain unchanged, the jth input u j For the i-th output y i The open loop gain.

[0043] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably,

[0044] The first decoupling coefficient and the second decoupling coefficient are calculated by the following formula:

[0045]

[0046] Among them, N 12 represents the first decoupling coefficient, N 21 represents the second decoupling coefficient.

[0047] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably, obtaining the third control parameter includes calculating using the following formula:

[0048]

[0049] in, represents the third control parameter, represents the second control parameter after decoupling;

[0050] represents the transfer function.

[0051] In another aspect of the present invention, preferably, a fuel cell air system comprises:

[0052] Collection module: collects the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system and the status of the fuel cell;

[0053] Determine the control mode module: determine the control mode of the fuel cell air system according to the collected fuel cell air system ambient temperature and the state of the fuel cell, including:

[0054] Open-loop control module: if the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system or the state of the fuel cell meets the first condition;

[0055] then performing open-loop control on the fuel cell air system, the open-loop control comprising controlling using a preset first control parameter group;

[0056] The first condition includes that the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system is ≤ 0°C, the fuel cell system is in a startup state, or the fuel cell system is in a shutdown state;

[0057] Closed-loop control module: if the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system meets the second condition;

[0058] Then, the fuel cell air system is controlled in a closed loop, wherein the closed loop includes controlling by using a preset first control parameter group and an output feedback parameter group;

[0059] The second condition includes that the fuel cell air system ambient temperature is greater than 0°C.

[0060] (III) Beneficial effects

[0061] The above technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0062] The control method of the present invention includes open-loop or closed-loop control modes, which are highly adaptable. By decoupling the parameters through closed-loop control, the parameters that can more accurately control the air system can be obtained, thereby improving the stability and control accuracy of the system and avoiding the phenomenon of "starvation" and over-oxygenation of the fuel cell stack. By accurately controlling the parameters of the air system, the energy consumption and efficiency of the fuel cell can be optimized, and the overall performance and economy of the system can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall process of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of an air system according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are only exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, in the following description, the description of well-known structures and technologies is omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concept of the present invention.

[0066] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0067] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms “first”, “second” and “third” are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0068] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0069] Example

[0070] A control method for a fuel cell air system, Figure 1 FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the overall process of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0071] Collect the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system and the status of the fuel cell;

[0072] The control mode of the fuel cell air system is determined according to the collected fuel cell air system ambient temperature and the state of the fuel cell, including:

[0073] If the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system or the state of the fuel cell meets the first condition;

[0074] The fuel cell air system is open-loop controlled, and the open-loop control includes controlling by using a preset first control parameter group; the specific content of the first control parameter group is not limited here, nor is the method for obtaining the preset first control parameter group, which can be set according to experience or measured. Optionally, in this embodiment, the method for obtaining the preset first control parameter group is to obtain it through experiments, including: the first control parameter group includes the air compressor speed and the back pressure valve opening;

[0075] The fuel cell air system is responsible for providing oxygen to the redox reaction of the fuel cell. The amount of oxygen provided is determined by the air compressor speed and the back pressure valve opening. The control system controls the air compressor speed and the back pressure valve opening to achieve the purpose of controlling the amount of oxygen. It is determined based on the external power request of the fuel cell system and the power limit of the system itself.

[0076] The current demand value of the fuel cell stack is based on the external power request, which may come from the vehicle control system or other energy management systems, which will send power requests to the fuel cell system according to actual needs; or the system power limit is determined by the design and operating conditions of the fuel cell, including the maximum current and temperature limit of the fuel cell stack. By comparing the external power request and the system power limit, a reasonable current demand value can be determined, and the current demand value of the fuel cell stack will be used as the benchmark for air system control. The preliminary control parameters of the air system, namely the first control parameter group, are determined according to the current demand value. The first control parameter group includes the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back pressure valve; the speed of the air compressor determines the air flow, and the opening of the back pressure valve affects the air pressure inside the fuel cell stack; these two parameters are crucial to controlling the air flow and air pressure entering the fuel cell stack.

[0077] Setting experimental parameters, wherein the experimental parameters include a current demand value of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell air system, an ambient pressure, and an ambient temperature;

[0078] The experiment pre-sets the air flow range and the air pressure range;

[0079] Recording experimental results at different current demand values, ambient pressures, and ambient temperatures, wherein the experimental results include air compressor speed and back pressure valve opening;

[0080] Using the experimental results, a mapping relationship between the current demand value and the air compressor speed, the back pressure valve opening, the ambient pressure and the ambient temperature is established;

[0081] The mapping relationship is a preset first control parameter group.

[0082] The specific acquisition method of the first control parameter group includes setting the current demand value of the battery stack as a reference point, a linear difference relationship between different current points within the full operating range, setting different ambient temperatures and ambient pressures for different current points, recording the air compressor speed and back pressure valve opening at the corresponding current points, and forming a table of mapping relationships between current points, ambient temperatures and ambient pressures, air compressor speeds, and back pressure valve openings; this table is the first control parameter group;

[0083] Further, in this embodiment, the air flow range and the air pressure range are determined according to the boundary capacity of the back pressure valve and the boundary capacity of the air compressor, including: adjusting the back pressure valve opening between the boundary capacities at both ends of the back pressure valve and adjusting the air compressor speed between the boundary capacities at both ends of the air compressor;

[0084] Detecting the real-time status of the air system during the adjustment process, and obtaining and recording the corresponding air flow and air pressure;

[0085] Using the preset value search table and the matrix linear value search method, the air flow range and air pressure range of the air system are obtained.

[0086] The specific method of obtaining and recording the corresponding air flow and air pressure according to the real-time status of the air system is not limited here. Optionally, the method may be to set the current demand value of the fuel cell stack, allow the fuel cell to operate, and obtain and record the corresponding air flow and air pressure in real time according to the real-time status of the air system when the fuel cell is running; different current demand values ​​of the fuel cell stack may be set to form multiple sets of data;

[0087] The specific method of obtaining the boundary capacity of the back pressure valve and the boundary capacity of the air compressor is not limited here. The back pressure valve mainly controls the pressure of the air system to prevent excessive pressure from damaging the system; the air compressor is responsible for providing compressed air, and its performance directly affects the air flow. The boundary capacity of the back pressure valve and the air compressor can be provided by the equipment manufacturer or measured through experiments;

[0088] The preset value table is a matrix established based on system simulation and test calibration, which associates the relationship between different stack currents, air flows, and air pressures;

[0089] By combining the real-time monitored air flow and air pressure data with the boundary capacity of the back pressure valve and the boundary capacity of the air compressor, this search table can be used to find the feasible operating range of the air system through matrix linear search; further, the maximum and minimum values ​​of air flow and air pressure that the air system can provide under the premise of ensuring system safety and efficiency can be determined;

[0090] In the actual dynamic control process, the air parameters have the phenomenon that the flow rate and pressure follow the rate inconsistency, which leads to the risk of surge at the working condition point of the air compressor. Therefore, the air flow range and air pressure range are limited;

[0091] The data of the first control parameter group meets the requirements of the air flow range and the air pressure range;

[0092] The specific content of the first condition is not limited here. The first condition includes that the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system is ≤ 0°C, the fuel cell system is in the startup state, or the fuel cell system is in the shutdown state;

[0093] In this embodiment, different current points are utilized, the real-time ambient temperature and ambient pressure are considered, the data in the first control parameter group is matched, and control is performed according to the matched data; for example, the air compressor speed and back pressure valve opening of each current point under different ambient pressures are matched according to a certain ambient temperature in the first control parameter group; the open-loop control system does not rely on output or process feedback to adjust the input. In an open-loop control system, the output of the controller is based on a preset program or plan, without considering the actual output or state of the system. This control method is simple and direct; no sensors are required to monitor the output or state, and the cost is low; but it lacks adaptability to external interference and system changes, is insensitive to external interference and system parameter changes, and may lead to reduced control accuracy; it cannot automatically correct deviations.

[0094] If the fuel cell air system ambient temperature meets the second condition;

[0095] The second condition includes that the fuel cell air system ambient temperature is greater than 0°C.

[0096] The closed-loop control system uses feedback to adjust the output of the controller to achieve the desired goal, can automatically correct deviations and improve control accuracy; it has strong adaptability to external interference and changes in system parameters; the specific content of the closed-loop control is not limited here, it can be to monitor the actual output or state of the system and compare it with the expected value, and then adjust the output of the controller according to the comparison result;

[0097] The fuel cell air system is then closed-loop controlled, the closed-loop comprising controlling using a preset first control parameter group and an output feedback parameter group, including:

[0098] Acquire a second control parameter group according to the first control parameter group and the output feedback parameter group;

[0099] The specific method of obtaining the second control parameter group is not limited here. Optionally, the data of the first control parameter group and the corresponding output feedback parameter group are analyzed to evaluate the performance of the control system; this may include indicators such as response time, overshoot, and steady-state error. If the performance does not meet the requirements, it is necessary to adjust the control parameters to improve the performance. According to the results of the performance evaluation, the control algorithm is adjusted using control theories such as PID control, fuzzy control, and adaptive control. For example, change the control parameters such as proportion, integral time, and differential time; to obtain the second control parameter group.

[0100] In this embodiment, the deviation value between the first control parameter group and the output feedback parameter group is calculated; according to the deviation value, the second control parameter group is obtained; the parameters in the first control parameter group and the output feedback parameter group are clarified, and each parameter calculates its own deviation value, and the size and direction of the deviation value are not limited here; based on the deviation value, an adjustment strategy is set to determine how to modify the first control parameter group to reduce the deviation, and the adjustment strategy may be simple addition and subtraction, proportional control, integral control, differential control and other elements or any combination. According to the set adjustment strategy, the first control parameter group is adjusted accordingly to obtain the second control parameter group;

[0101] Decoupling the second control parameter group to obtain a third control parameter group;

[0102] In control systems, coupling between parameters is a common problem, which refers to the mutual influence of two or more control parameters when adjusted, making the design and tuning of the control system complicated. The purpose of decoupling is to reduce or eliminate this mutual influence so that each control parameter can be adjusted independently, thereby improving the performance and stability of the control system. The specific method of decoupling is not limited here. Optionally, the coupling relationship between the parameters in the second control parameter group is analyzed; according to the nature and degree of coupling, a suitable decoupling method is selected; the decoupling method includes feedforward decoupling, feedback decoupling, diagonal matrix decoupling, etc. Based on the selected decoupling method, a decoupling compensator is designed to eliminate or weaken the coupling effect between parameters. The decoupling compensator can be a transfer function, a matrix, or a more complex control algorithm. The designed decoupling compensator is integrated into the control system. The parameters of the decoupling compensator are adjusted to achieve the best decoupling effect.

[0103] Figure 2 FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an air system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the decoupling compensator is designed to be integrated into the air system. In this embodiment, the parameters in the second control parameter group are air flow parameters and air pressure parameters, that is, air compressor speed and back pressure valve opening. In this embodiment, the decoupling objects are air compressor speed and back pressure valve opening, including:

[0104] Calculating a first relative gain of the air compressor speed to the back pressure valve opening and a second relative gain of the back pressure valve opening to the air compressor speed in the air system;

[0105] The calculation method of the first relative gain and the second relative gain is not limited here. Optionally, in this embodiment, the relative gain is expressed by the following formula:

[0106]

[0107] Among them, λ ij Indicates the relative gain of the analysis system; represents the first amplification factor, that is, when all control variables remain unchanged, the jth input u j For the i-th output y i The open loop gain, represents the second amplification factor, that is, when other controlled parameters remain unchanged, the jth input u j For the i-th output y i The open loop gain.

[0108] Calculate a first decoupling coefficient of the air compressor speed to the back pressure valve opening and a second decoupling coefficient of the back pressure valve opening to the air compressor speed by using the first relative gain and the second relative gain;

[0109] The calculation method of the decoupling coefficient is not limited here. The decoupling coefficient is used to quantify the degree of influence of an input on an output in a multivariable control system compared with the influence of other inputs on this output. In this embodiment, the decoupling coefficient is calculated by the following formula:

[0110]

[0111] Among them, N 12 represents the first decoupling coefficient, N 21 represents the second decoupling coefficient.

[0112] Decoupling the second control parameter group using the first decoupling coefficient and the second decoupling coefficient;

[0113] The offline gain matrix calculation method is used to determine the coupling relationship between the two parameters. The gain matrix algorithm mainly calculates the second amplification factor based on the first amplification factor to obtain the relative gain matrix. In the relative gain matrix, the sum of the values ​​in each row and column is 1, which reflects the degree to which the steady-state gain of each parameter of the air system is affected by other parameters. When the relative gain is close to 1, it means that the correlation effect of other parameters on the parameter is small; when the relative gain of the parameter is close to 0 or less than 0, it means that the parameter regulator cannot obtain a good control effect; when the relative gain is between 0.3 and 0.7, it means that the parameter has a long and serious coupling relationship and needs to be decoupled.

[0114] Decoupling the second control parameter group using the decoupling coefficient; designing a decoupler using the decoupling coefficient and integrating it into the air system to reduce the coupling relationship between the second control parameter groups;

[0115] The third control parameter is calculated by using the decoupled second control parameter group and the first relative gain and the second relative gain.

[0116] Obtaining the third control parameter includes calculating using the following formula:

[0117]

[0118] in, represents the third control parameter, represents the second control parameter after decoupling;

[0119] represents the transfer function.

[0120] Adding the first control parameter group and the third control parameter group to obtain a final control parameter group;

[0121] The fuel cell air system is closed-loop controlled using the final control parameter group.

[0122] The control method of this embodiment includes open-loop or closed-loop control mode, which has strong adaptability; by decoupling the parameters through closed-loop control, the parameters that can more accurately control the air system can be obtained, thereby improving the stability and control accuracy of the system, and realizing that when the stack is in steady-state working conditions and dynamic power, the air parameters meet the electrochemical requirements of the stack, while avoiding the phenomenon of oxygen "hunger" and overoxygenation of the stack; there is a strong coupling between the parameters of the air system of the fuel cell system, and this embodiment is adaptable to the coupling relationship of the air system; based on the experimental data, the coupling relationship of the control system is identified, and the parameters of the air system are decoupled and controlled; the controlled object is precisely controlled. By accurately controlling the parameters of the air system, the energy consumption and efficiency of the fuel cell can be optimized, and the overall performance and economy of the system can be improved.

[0123] Embodiment 2

[0124] A fuel cell air system, comprising:

[0125] Collection module: collects the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system and the status of the fuel cell;

[0126] Determine the control mode module: determine the control mode of the fuel cell air system according to the collected fuel cell air system ambient temperature and the state of the fuel cell, including:

[0127] Open-loop control module: if the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system or the state of the fuel cell meets the first condition;

[0128] then performing open-loop control on the fuel cell air system, the open-loop control comprising controlling using a preset first control parameter group;

[0129] The first condition includes that the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system is ≤ 0°C, the fuel cell system is in a startup state, or the fuel cell system is in a shutdown state;

[0130] Closed-loop control module: if the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system meets the second condition;

[0131] Then, the fuel cell air system is controlled in a closed loop, wherein the closed loop includes controlling by using a preset first control parameter group and an output feedback parameter group;

[0132] The second condition includes that the fuel cell air system ambient temperature is greater than 0°C.

[0133] It should be understood that the above specific embodiments of the present invention are only used to illustrate or explain the principles of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, the appended claims of the present invention are intended to cover all changes and modifications that fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims, or the equivalent forms of such scope and boundaries.

[0134] The present invention has been described above with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. However, these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, a person skilled in the art may make various substitutions and modifications, which should all fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0135] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that the various changes, substitutions, and alterations could be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0136] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A control method for a fuel cell air system, characterized in that: include: Collect the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system and the status of the fuel cell; The control mode of the fuel cell air system is determined according to the collected fuel cell air system ambient temperature and the state of the fuel cell, including: If the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system or the state of the fuel cell meets the first condition; then performing open-loop control on the fuel cell air system, the open-loop control comprising controlling using a preset first control parameter group; The first condition includes that the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system is ≤ 0°C and the fuel cell system is in a startup state or the fuel cell system is in a shutdown state; If the fuel cell air system ambient temperature meets the second condition; Then, the fuel cell air system is controlled in a closed loop, wherein the closed loop includes controlling by using a preset first control parameter group and an output feedback parameter group; The second condition includes the fuel cell air system ambient temperature>0°C; The preset first control parameter group is obtained through experiments and includes: Setting experimental parameters, wherein the experimental parameters include a current demand value of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell air system, an ambient pressure, and an ambient temperature; The experiment pre-sets the air flow range and the air pressure range; Recording experimental results at different current demand values, ambient pressures, and ambient temperatures, wherein the experimental results include air compressor speed and back pressure valve opening; Using the experimental results, a mapping relationship between the current demand value and the air compressor speed, the back pressure valve opening, the ambient pressure and the ambient temperature is established; The mapping relationship is a preset first control parameter group; The closed-loop control is performed using the preset first control parameter group and the output feedback parameter group, including: Acquire a second control parameter group according to the first control parameter group and the output feedback parameter group; Decoupling the second control parameter group to obtain a third control parameter group; Adding the first control parameter group and the third control parameter group to obtain a final control parameter group; The fuel cell air system is closed-loop controlled using the final control parameter group.

2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air flow range and the air pressure range are determined by the following steps, including: The back pressure valve opening is adjusted between the two end boundary capacities of the back pressure valve and the air compressor speed is adjusted between the two end boundary capacities of the air compressor; Detecting the real-time status of the air system during the adjustment process, and obtaining and recording the corresponding air flow and air pressure; Using the preset value search table and the matrix linear value search method, the air flow range and air pressure range of the air system are obtained.

3. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The acquiring the second control parameter group according to the first control parameter group and the output feedback parameter group comprises: Calculating a deviation value between the first control parameter group and the output feedback parameter group; A second control parameter group is obtained according to the deviation value.

4. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The decoupling the second control parameter group to obtain the third control parameter group includes: Calculating a first relative gain of the air compressor speed to the back pressure valve opening and a second relative gain of the back pressure valve opening to the air compressor speed in the air system; Calculate a first decoupling coefficient of the air compressor speed to the back pressure valve opening and a second decoupling coefficient of the back pressure valve opening to the air compressor speed by using the first relative gain and the second relative gain; Decoupling the second control parameter group using the first decoupling coefficient and the second decoupling coefficient; The third control parameter is calculated by using the decoupled second control parameter group and the first relative gain and the second relative gain.

5. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The relative gain is expressed using the following formula: Among them, λ ij Indicates the relative gain of the analysis system; represents the first amplification factor, that is, when all control variables remain unchanged, the jth input u j For the i-th output y i The open loop gain, represents the second amplification factor, that is, when other controlled parameters remain unchanged, the jth input u j For the i-th output y i The open loop gain.

6. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first decoupling coefficient and the second decoupling coefficient are calculated by the following formula: Among them, N 12 represents the first decoupling coefficient, N 21 represents the second decoupling coefficient.

7. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Obtaining the third control parameter includes calculating using the following formula: in, represents the third control parameter, represents the second control parameter after decoupling; represents the transfer function.

8. A fuel cell air system, characterized in that: include: Collection module: collects the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system and the status of the fuel cell; Determine the control mode module: determine the control mode of the fuel cell air system according to the collected fuel cell air system ambient temperature and the state of the fuel cell, including: Open-loop control module: if the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system or the state of the fuel cell meets the first condition; then performing open-loop control on the fuel cell air system, the open-loop control comprising controlling using a preset first control parameter group; The first condition includes that the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system is ≤ 0°C and the fuel cell system is in a startup state or the fuel cell system is in a shutdown state; Closed-loop control module: if the ambient temperature of the fuel cell air system meets the second condition; Then, the fuel cell air system is controlled in a closed loop, wherein the closed loop includes controlling by using a preset first control parameter group and an output feedback parameter group; The second condition includes the fuel cell air system ambient temperature>0°C; The preset first control parameter group is obtained through experiments and includes: Setting experimental parameters, wherein the experimental parameters include a current demand value of a fuel cell stack in a fuel cell air system, an ambient pressure, and an ambient temperature; The experiment pre-sets the air flow range and the air pressure range; Recording experimental results at different current demand values, ambient pressures, and ambient temperatures, wherein the experimental results include air compressor speed and back pressure valve opening; Using the experimental results, a mapping relationship between the current demand value and the air compressor speed, the back pressure valve opening, the ambient pressure and the ambient temperature is established; The mapping relationship is a preset first control parameter group; The closed-loop control is performed using the preset first control parameter group and the output feedback parameter group, including: Acquire a second control parameter group according to the first control parameter group and the output feedback parameter group; Decoupling the second control parameter group to obtain a third control parameter group; Adding the first control parameter group and the third control parameter group to obtain a final control parameter group; The fuel cell air system is closed-loop controlled using the final control parameter group.

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