Dwarfing planting method for bonsai eggplants for both viewing and eating purposes

Abstract

The invention discloses a dwarfing planting method of a dual-purpose bonsai eggplant for edible appreciation, comprising the following steps: a. sowing and field planting, sowing the rootstock Torubbam and the eggplant variety for scion, field planting when Torubbam has 7-8 leaves, and field planting when the scion eggplant variety has 5 leaves; b. grafting, leaving 1 lateral bud in different directions on the left and right sides of the Torubbam trunk to cultivate lateral branches, and grafting the resultant lateral branches of the scion eggplant; c. transplanting, using the method of pressing branches, the grafting healing mouth parts of the branches on both sides of the rootstock are respectively buried in the potting medium of two transplanting pots; d. breaking lateral branches, cutting the rootstock lateral branches connected by the grafting healing mouth, separating the bonsai eggplant from the rootstock, and obtaining two pots of grafted bonsai eggplants after each rootstock breaks the left and right lateral branches. The method of the present invention is safe and controllable, simple to operate, and easy to promote.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a potted eggplant planting method, in particular to a dwarfing planting method for a potted eggplant for viewing or eating. Background Art

[0002] Bonsai eggplants can be used for both viewing and eating. The fruit is fresh and edible, and it can also be used as a bonsai for viewing. Currently, there are two types of bonsai eggplants: tall and short.

[0003] Tall and large bonsai eggplants are generally self-rooted eggplants with strong growth potential. For example, bonsai eggplants planted on the balcony are basically self-rooted eggplant varieties. Tall and large ornamental bonsai eggplants have a plant height of 0.8-1.3 meters, a plant width of 0.9-1.2 meters, and a single fruit weight of about 200-300 grams. Seedling self-root eggplant varieties can also be grafted and cultivated to form super-large eggplant ornamental bonsai. The tree height can reach 2-3 meters, the crown plant width is more than 3 meters, and the single fruit weight is 300-500 grams. The large grafted eggplant tree exhibited by the applicant at the 2023 Chenzhou Fruit and Vegetable Expo has a grafted eggplant tree height of 2.5 meters, a crown plant width of 3 meters, a single fruit weight of 350g, and a single plant produces more than 100 fruits.

[0004] Low-growing ornamental bonsai eggplants are dwarf self-rooted eggplant varieties, with low plants, many branches on the stems, and an open posture. The plant height is generally 0.5-1 meters, the crown is 0.25-0.8 meters, and the single fruit weight is 10-100 grams. At present, there are few varieties of low-growing ornamental eggplants, poor disease resistance and stress resistance, poor taste, and poor ornamental effect, which limits the development of low-growing ornamental bonsai eggplants.

[0005] In order to obtain low ornamental bonsai eggplants, in practice, high-quality eggplant varieties with strong growth potential are generally planted with dwarfing hormones to reduce the height and amplitude of the crop, so as to achieve the effect of dwarfing bonsai eggplants. However, dwarfing hormones are plant growth regulators, and excessive or improper use may lead to problems such as abnormal plant growth, leaf variation, and malformed development of flower buds and fruits. Improper use of plant growth regulators can also cause environmental pollution and have adverse effects on the surrounding ecosystem. Therefore, the use of hormones to dwarf bonsai eggplants requires staff to have strong technical expertise, skilled operation, and strict measurement control, but it is difficult to control in actual work and it is difficult to ensure that no mistakes occur. Therefore, low-type bonsai eggplants are almost blank in actual application.

[0006] How to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art and find a safe and controllable dwarfing planting method for edible and ornamental bonsai eggplants is a technical problem that technicians in this field are eager to solve. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a safe and controllable dwarfing planting method for bonsai eggplants that are both ornamental and edible.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the dwarfing planting method of the edible and ornamental bonsai eggplant of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0009] a. Sowing and transplanting, sowing the rootstock Torubbam and the eggplant varieties used for scion, transplanting when Torubbam has 7-8 leaves, and transplanting when the scion eggplant varieties have 5 leaves;

[0010] b. Grafting: When the rootstock Torubbam is 50-55 cm tall, top it, leave one lateral bud on each side of the Torubbam trunk in different directions to cultivate lateral branches. When the Torubbam lateral branches grow to 30-35 cm and the stem thickness is more than 0.8 cm, graft the fruiting lateral branches of the scion eggplant. The fruiting lateral branches of the scion are selected to have intact growth points, buds but not yet bloomed, and the lateral branches are semi-lignified;

[0011] c. Transplantation: After the graft survives, use the branch pressing method to bury the grafted joints of the branches on both sides of the rootstock into the potting medium of two transplanting pots. Keep the potting medium moist to promote the growth of adventitious roots at the grafted joints. The potting medium is composed of peat soil, leaf mold, coconut bran, vermiculite, and commercial organic fertilizer in a ratio of 4:2:1:1:1;

[0012] d. Cut off the side branches, and wait until the fruit has finished swelling, then cut off the side branches of the rootstock connected to the grafted healing mouth to separate the bonsai eggplant from the rootstock. After cutting off the left and right side branches of each rootstock, two pots of grafted bonsai eggplants will be obtained.

[0013] In the step a, excellent eggplant varieties with strong growth potential, strong disease resistance and good commercial value of fruits are selected as scion eggplant varieties for sowing.

[0014] The eggplant varieties of the scion are purple-black round eggplant varieties such as Heiyuanba, green eggplant varieties such as Luheng No. 1, purple long eggplant varieties such as Yunchuan No. 9, green long eggplant varieties such as Emerald Green Eggplant, or white long eggplant varieties such as Ivory White Eggplant.

[0015] In the step a, the seeds are sown in a seedling greenhouse using a floating tray or a plug tray and planted in the greenhouse.

[0016] The planting spacing of the rootstock Torubbam is 1.5 meters, single ridge and single row, and the planting spacing of the scion variety is 0.5 meters, single ridge and double rows.

[0017] In the step a, basal fertilizer is applied before planting, with 800 kg of organic fertilizer, 50 kg of compound fertilizer and 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer applied per mu; the compound fertilizer is a common compound fertilizer containing 15% nitrogen, 15% phosphorus and 15% potassium.

[0018] In the step b, the grafting method is cleft grafting, and the length of the grafted scion is 3-4 nodes.

[0019] In the step c, about 25 days after the graft healed wound produces adventitious roots, nutrient solution is applied to the potting medium; the nutrient solution is mixed with common compound fertilizer and medium and trace element compound fertilizer calcium, magnesium and zinc in a weight ratio of 5:1 to form a solution, and the solution conductivity is controlled at 2500-3000µs / cm.

[0020] The method of the present invention is adopted, and the root system formed by the grafting healing incision in the potted medium and the multiple root systems composed of the original root system of the stock can promote the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the small bonsai eggplant. After the grafted scion survives, the flower buds can be directly differentiated, flowering and bearing fruits, therefore, the plant height and plant width are reduced, and the plant growth can be controlled to form a small bonsai eggplant without the use of means such as hormones. The plant height and plant width of the single small bonsai eggplant planted by this method are reduced by 55% and significantly different from the normal open field planting of the original variety. The eggplant plant height is 50 cm, the plant width is 50 cm, the fruit is concentrated, and the fruit quality is comparable to the original fruit quality, there is no significant difference, and the small bonsai eggplant fruit is not only edible, but also ornamental. The dwarfed bonsai eggplant is not only conducive to space placement, but also convenient for mobile management.

[0021] The method of the present invention is safe and controllable, simple to operate, and easy to promote, and can overcome the defects of the prior art and achieve the purpose of the invention.

[0022] The invention selects Solanum torubum as the rootstock, Solanum torubum has good affinity and a high survival rate when grafted with most eggplant varieties.

[0023] The present invention uses the fruiting branches of eggplants grown from self-rooted eggplants as grafting scions, and grafts the fruiting side branches of eggplants at a lower position of the stock, so that the branches can bloom and bear fruit quickly, and can directly differentiate flower buds, bloom and bear fruit after survival, and can bear fruit early. Therefore, the plant height and fruiting node of the bonsai eggplant can be reduced. Torubbam is used as the stock, and the root system formed by the healing mouth of the grafted branch of the stock side branch in the potting medium and the multiple root systems composed of the original root system of the stock can provide sufficient nutrition for the plant, which is conducive to the differentiation of flower buds of the fruiting branches of the scion, the thick stems and the normal expansion of the fruits, so as to achieve the appreciation and eating of the dwarf bonsai eggplant.

[0024] The potting medium of the present method is sterilized, and the nutrient solution is scientifically prepared by scientific research technicians, with the purpose of providing a good growth environment for the roots of the grafted healing joints.

[0025] In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the method of the present invention is different from the conventional method of planting grafted eggplants, and the grafted healing site is buried in the potting medium to grow roots. The grafted healing site of conventionally planted grafted eggplants is not in contact with the soil matrix to avoid the weak disease resistance of the scion root system causing bacteria and viruses to infect the plant. The grafted healing site of the present method is buried in the potting matrix to independently grow roots and grow in the potting matrix. The potting matrix is ​​applied with a prepared nutrient solution for the grafted healing root system to absorb, which can effectively isolate bacteria and viruses from invading the grafted healing root system and provide a good growth environment for the root system, thereby overcoming the defects of the prior art.

[0026] According to the method of the present invention, after the rootstock Torubbam completes the cultivation of dwarf bonsai eggplants, fertilizer and water management and pruning are performed to regenerate the rootstock, which can promote the sprouting of side branches of the Torubbam, and new scions can be continuously grafted. Therefore, the same rootstock can realize continuous cultivation of dwarf bonsai eggplants for multiple times, saving costs and having broad application prospects.

[0027] The above technical solution is the result of long-term research by the applicant's scientific research team.

[0028] The applicant conducted experimental observations in 2023. Based on the use of eggplant fruiting branches, four planting test plans were carried out to explore the growth and development of dwarf bonsai eggplants and fruit quality, and to select the best dwarf bonsai eggplant planting method: the ornamental eggplant variety selected is Black Round Tyrant No. 2; Test 1: Cultivate dwarf bonsai eggplants by cutting eggplant fruiting branches; Test 2: Top the main trunk of self-rooted eggplant to reduce plant height, and leave low side branches to cultivate dwarf bonsai eggplants; Test 3: Graft fruiting side branches onto the main trunk of the rootstock Torubbam to cultivate dwarf bonsai eggplants; Test 4: Graft fruiting branches onto the side branches of the rootstock Torubbam to cultivate dwarf bonsai eggplants.

[0029] Test 1

[0030] Experimental process: Robust eggplant fruiting branches were cut into seedling medium, and the soil medium was kept at appropriate humidity and temperature. After 15 days, the rooting and budding of the cutting branches were observed. It was found that 30% of the cutting branches had rotten stems and no roots. After 25 days, the survival rate of the cuttings was 50%. The surviving cutting branches were transplanted into flower pots for cultivation. The surviving cutting branches were left with 2-4 buds to be cultivated into lateral branches. Experimental results: The plant height of the dwarf bonsai eggplant is 35 cm, the plant width is 35 cm, and the lateral stem is about 0.5 cm thick. The plant height and plant width of the small bonsai eggplant are 68% smaller than the normal open-field planting of the original variety, and there is a significant difference. The fruit weight is 60% smaller than the original variety of the fruit, and there is a significant difference. The fruit skin color is not shiny. Although the plant height and plant width of the dwarf bonsai eggplant in Experiment 1 were reduced, the growth potential of the dwarf bonsai eggplant was weak and the fruit was not ornamental. The specific reason was that the lateral buds that sprouted after the fruiting branches were cut and turned into lateral branches, and the plant had weak growth potential. After cutting, the self-rooting root system of the lateral branches was not developed, and the growing capillary roots were small. The root system absorbed less nutrients, so the nutrients supplied to the development of the lateral buds in the aboveground part were less. The branches were thin and weak, the flowers were small, the fruits were small, and the appearance quality of the fruits was poor. Therefore, the dwarf bonsai eggplant in Experiment 1 was not ornamental.

[0031] Test 2

[0032] Experimental process: When the eggplant seeds are sown and raised to 5 leaves, they are transplanted to flower pots for cultivation. When the eggplants bloom, the main trunk is topped to promote the germination of the lateral buds on the main trunk and the bottom of the self-rooted eggplants, and 3-4 fruiting side branches are cultivated in the low parts. Experimental results: The plant height and plant width of the dwarf bonsai eggplant are 45 cm, the plant width is 45 cm, and the side branch stem is about 0.8 cm thick. The plant height and plant width of the small bonsai eggplant are 59% smaller than the normal open-field planting of the original variety and there is a significant difference. The fruit is 20% smaller than the original variety of the fruit per fruit and there is a significant difference. The fruit skin color is not shiny. During the fruit expansion period, the leaves of the plant turn yellow from bottom to top and gradually fall off. Although the plant height and plant width of the dwarf bonsai eggplant in Experiment 2 are reduced, the leaves of the dwarf bonsai eggplant turn yellow and fall off in the later growth period, and the fruit appearance quality is poor and the ornamental value is poor. Specific reasons: The bonsai eggplant in Experiment 2 is a regenerated eggplant after the main trunk of the self-rooted eggplant is toppled. The growth period in the pot is long, the root system is seriously entangled in the pot, and the root growth and development are limited. It was observed that after the main trunk of the self-rooted eggplant was toppled, the plant grew slowly, the root system had yellow-brown capillary roots, and the root system had premature aging. The root system of the plant was seriously entangled in the pot, and the root system had limited growth and development. Therefore, the root system's ability to absorb nutrients decreased, and the plant's resistance to stress weakened. Therefore, during the later period of fruit expansion and fruit preservation, the plant's leaves turned yellow and fell, the fruit was small, the fruit appearance quality was poor, and the plant showed premature aging. The dwarfing effect of the potted self-rooted eggplant in Experiment 2 was poor, so the dwarf bonsai eggplant in Experiment 2 was not ornamental.

[0033] Test 3

[0034] Experimental process: The rootstock was transplanted into a flowerpot with 7 leaves. When the rootstock was 35 cm tall and the stem was 1 cm thick, the top was cut. The rootstock trunk was grafted, and the strong fruiting side branches were grafted. After the grafting survived, 3-4 side buds were left on the scion. Experimental results: The dwarf bonsai eggplant was 85 cm tall and 65 cm wide. The side branches were about 1.1 cm thick. The height and width of the small bonsai eggplant were 31.8% smaller than those of the original varieties planted in the open field, and there was a significant difference. The fruit was 5% lighter than the original variety, and there was no significant difference. The fruit skin was shiny. However, compared with other experiments, the height and width of the plants in Experiment 3 did not show a prominent dwarfing effect. Specific reasons: When the stock trunk is shorter in the seedling stage, the stem diameter of the fruiting branches of the stock and the scion does not match during grafting, and the grafting will not survive. Therefore, the fruiting branches are not grafted in the seedling stage of the stock. Therefore, the stock trunk is grafted when it grows to a stem diameter of 1 cm and matches the stem diameter of the scion. A strong stock and its root system can quickly restore the wound healing of the grafted branches during grafting and provide sufficient nutrition for the germination of the lateral branches. Therefore, the grafting of the grafted stock trunk at a height of 35 cm leads to an increase in the height of the bonsai eggplant. The height and width of the dwarf bonsai eggplant in Experiment 3 do not have a prominent dwarfing effect and are not ornamental.

[0035] Test 4

[0036] Experimental process: The rootstock with 7 leaves is planted in a greenhouse. When the rootstock Torubbam is 50 cm tall, it is topped. One lateral bud is left on each side of the main trunk of Torubbam to cultivate lateral branches. When the lateral branches of Torubbam grow to 30 cm and the stem thickness is more than 0.8 cm, the scion is grafted. The scion is a strong lateral branch that sprouts after the scion variety is planted and fruited. The lateral branch stem thickness is more than 0.6 cm and the lateral branch is semi-lignified. The grafting method can be cleft grafting, and the length of the grafted scion is 3-4 nodes. The grafted branch that survives is buried in the potting medium at the grafted healing site by pressing the branch to promote adventitious roots at the grafted healing site, so that the bonsai eggplant forms a relatively independent symbiotic relationship with the rootstock. When the fruit expansion is over, the rootstock lateral branch connected to the grafted healing site can be cut off to separate the bonsai eggplant from the rootstock. The purpose of cutting off the side branches of the rootstock is to reduce the supply of the main root system of Torubbam to the aboveground bonsai eggplant. The bonsai eggplant can be supplied with nutrition by the root system generated by the grafting healing mouth. The test results show that the height of the dwarf bonsai eggplant is 50 cm, the width is 50 cm, and the thickness of the growing side branches is about 1.2 cm. The height and width of the small bonsai eggplant are 55% smaller than the normal planting of the original variety, and there is a significant difference. The fruit is 5% smaller than the single fruit weight of its original variety, and there is no significant difference. In the late fruiting period, the leaves of the plant continue to remain green, the fruit peel has a bright and shiny appearance, the fruit has good commerciality, and the dwarf bonsai eggplant is highly ornamental. After the rootstock Torubbam completes the cultivation of dwarf bonsai eggplant, the rootstock planted in the greenhouse soil is regenerated through fertilizer and water management and pruning, which promotes the re-sprouting of side branches of Torubbam, and new scions can continue to be grafted. At present, two consecutive dwarf bonsai eggplant cultivations have been completed. The specific reason is that the rootstock grows in the greenhouse soil, the root system can grow freely, the root system is well developed, and the vitality is strong. The root system formed by the grafted branches in the potting medium and the original root system of the rootstock form multiple root systems, which promote the nutritional growth and reproductive growth of small bonsai eggplants. Therefore, as a result of grafting, the side branches grow thick, the fruits swell, and the peel is bright and shiny. The bonsai eggplant in Test 4 not only has a reduced plant height and plant width, but also has a good dwarfing effect. At the same time, the fruit quality, leaves and branches grow well, and the appearance of the plant is good. Therefore, the dwarfed bonsai eggplant in Test 4 is ornamental. Through the comparison of the four tests, the method of Test 4 is the best method for dwarfing bonsai eggplants.

[0037] By adopting the method of the present invention, two dwarf bonsai eggplants can be grafted at the same time, and a large number of dwarf bonsai eggplants can be produced. The dwarf bonsai eggplants of the present method have strong growth potential, thick side branches, and a well-developed root system, which can meet the absorption of fruit nutrients and plant growth, and reach the plant height and plant width of the dwarf eggplant tree, and have the functions of viewing and eating. After the rootstock Torubbam completes the cultivation of dwarf bonsai eggplants, the rootstock is regenerated after fertilizer and water management and pruning, which promotes the Torubbam to sprout side branches again, and new scions can be continuously grafted, and the dwarf bonsai eggplants can be completed repeatedly in the greenhouse.

[0038] Comparative experiments have shown that the method of the present invention can overcome the defects of the prior art and achieve the purpose of the invention.

[0039] The rootstock Torubbam can overwinter in the greenhouse and grow for many years. Therefore, according to the same method mentioned above, after the rootstock Torubbam completes the cultivation of dwarf bonsai eggplant, the rootstock is regenerated through fertilizer and water management and pruning to promote the re-sprouting of side branches of Torubbam, and new scions can be grafted to produce side branches. This cycle can be repeated in the greenhouse to achieve continuous completion of dwarf bonsai eggplants. From January to June 2024, another batch of dwarf bonsai eggplants were cultivated using the regenerated side branches of the rootstock Torubbam. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of transplantation after grafting of the present invention.

[0041] In the picture, 1. Transplant pot; 2. The disconnection point of the rootstock's side branches; 3. The rootstock; 4. The rootstock's side branches; 5. The grafted bonsai eggplant; 6. The soil in the greenhouse. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The method of the present invention is described in detail below.

[0043] The dwarfing planting method of the edible and bonsai eggplant of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0044] Variety selection: Choose Torubbam as the rootstock. Torubbam has good affinity and has a high survival rate when grafted with most eggplant varieties. According to the needs of dwarf bonsai eggplants for fruit shape, fruit size, and peel color, select eggplant varieties with strong growth potential, strong disease resistance, and good fruit commerciality as scion sowing, such as the purple-black round eggplant varieties such as Heiyuanba, the green eggplant varieties such as Luheng No. 1, the purple long eggplant varieties such as Yunchuan No. 9, the green long eggplant varieties such as Emerald Green Eggplant, and the white long eggplant varieties such as Ivory White Eggplant.

[0045] Sowing and transplanting: Torubbam and scion varieties are sown in the facility seedling greenhouse using floating trays or plug trays. Torubbam is transplanted when it has 7-8 leaves, and scion varieties are transplanted when they have 5 leaves. All are planted in the facility greenhouse.

[0046] Basal fertilizer and plant spacing: Apply basal fertilizer before planting, 800kg of organic fertilizer, 50kg of compound fertilizer, and 25kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu. The planting spacing of rootstock Torubbam is 1.5 meters, single ridge and single row. The planting spacing of scion varieties is 0.5 meters, single ridge and double row. Rootstock and scion varieties are planted in different plots.

[0047] Grafting management: When the rootstock Torubbam is 50 cm tall, top it, leave one lateral bud on each side of the Torubbam trunk in different directions to cultivate lateral branches, and when the Torubbam lateral branches grow to 30 cm and the stem thickness is more than 0.8 cm, graft the scion fruiting lateral branches. The scion fruiting lateral branches are selected from vigorous and strong eggplant plants, which are thick and free of pests and diseases, have intact growth points, and have flower buds but have not yet bloomed. For lateral branches with a scion stem thickness of more than 0.6 cm, the lateral branches are semi-lignified, and the grafting method can be cleft grafting, and the length of the grafted scion is 3-4 nodes.

[0048] Transplantation: After the grafting is successful, the grafted joints of the branches on both sides of the stock are buried in the potting medium of two transplant pots by pressing the branches. The potting medium is kept moist to promote adventitious roots at the grafted joints. The potting medium is composed of peat soil, leaf mold, coconut coir, vermiculite, and commercial organic fertilizer in a ratio of (4:2:1:1:1). This nutrient soil has good air permeability and is conducive to the development of plant roots. The purpose of the potting medium is to bury the grafted joints of the branches after the grafting is successful into the potting medium by pressing the branches, so as to promote adventitious roots at the grafted joints, and form a symbiotic situation in which the bonsai eggplant is relatively independent but connected to the stock.

[0049] Fertilizer and water management: Fertilizer and water management can be divided into two parts: the root system of the rootstock planted in the soil and the root system generated by the grafted healing in the potted plant. The rootstock Torubbam is planted in the greenhouse soil, and the common compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is used for fertilization. The soil matrix of the bonsai is kept moist in the early stage to promote the growth of adventitious roots of the grafted healing. Formulated fertilization can be carried out after the lateral roots in the pot grow. Promote flowering and fruiting. Use commercial compound fertilizer 15-15-15 and medium and trace element compound fertilizer calcium, magnesium and zinc, mix them into a solution in proportion (5:1), and control the conductivity of the solution at 2500-3000µs / cm.

[0050] Grafted branch management: After the grafting is successful, the fruiting scion can produce 3-4 side buds at the same time. The side buds grow into side branches. Each side branch can produce 2 fruits. A single bonsai eggplant tree can produce 6-8 fruits.

[0051] Pest and disease management: Observe the growth and development of plants in a timely manner, combine chemical and physical preventive measures, prevent and control pests and diseases in advance according to actual conditions, and carry out conventional pest and disease management methods.

[0052] Cutting off the side branches: When the fruit has finished expanding, you can cut off the side branches. The cutting position is the part where the grafting joint connects to the side branches of the rootstock. The purpose of cutting off the side branches is to reduce the supply of the main root system of Torubbam to the above-ground bonsai eggplant. The bonsai eggplant can be supplied with nutrients by the root system generated by the grafting joint, and the dwarf bonsai eggplant can be displayed independently for a long time. One rootstock can cultivate 2 pots of small and low ornamental bonsai eggplants at the same time. The fertilization method can be divided into two parts: the root system of the rootstock planted in the soil and the root system generated by the grafting joint in the pot.

[0053] One embodiment: On April 1, 2023, the stock and scion were sown, and from May 1 to May 10, when the stock had 7 leaves and the scion variety had 5 leaves, they were planted in a greenhouse. After more than 50 days of planting (June 30), the stock Torubbam was observed to be 50 cm tall for main trunk topping, and 1 lateral bud was left in different directions on the left and right sides of the Torubbam trunk to cultivate lateral branches; the seedling self-rooted eggplant was observed to be 50-60 cm tall and began to bear fruit. On August 10, when the lateral branches of the stock Torubbam grew to 30 cm and the stem thickness was more than 0.8 cm, the scion was grafted. The scion was selected from the eggplant plants that were vigorous and strong, and had no diseases and insect pests, intact growth points, and buds but had not yet bloomed. The scion stem was more than 0.6 cm thick, and the lateral branches were semi-lignified. The grafting method adopted cleft grafting, and the length of the grafted scion was 3-4 nodes. After the grafting wound healed on August 25, the grafted healing site was buried in the potting medium, and adventitious roots grew in 15 days. At the same time, 3-4 strong side branches sprouted from the grafted scion branches bloomed and bore fruit, and each side branch was cultivated to bear 2 fruits, and the top was topped when it grew to 40 cm. In early November, the grafted bonsai eggplants were separated from the rootstock side branches to form independent dwarf bonsai eggplants for viewing. From January to June 2024, another batch of dwarf bonsai eggplants were cultivated using the grafted side branches after the rootstock Torubbam was regenerated.

Claims

1. A dwarfing planting method for edible and bonsai eggplants, characterized in that The steps include: a. Sowing and transplanting, sowing the rootstock Torubbam and the eggplant varieties used for scion, transplanting when Torubbam has 7-8 leaves, and transplanting when the scion eggplant varieties have 5 leaves; b. Grafting: When the rootstock Torubbam is 50-55 cm tall, top it, leave one lateral bud on each side of the Torubbam trunk in different directions to cultivate lateral branches. When the Torubbam lateral branches grow to 30-35 cm and the stem thickness is more than 0.8 cm, graft the fruiting lateral branches of the scion eggplant. The fruiting lateral branches of the scion are selected to have intact growth points, buds but not yet bloomed, and the lateral branches are semi-lignified; c. Transplantation. After the grafting survives, the grafted joints of the branches on both sides of the rootstock are buried in the potting matrix of two transplanting pots by pressing the branches. The potting matrix is ​​kept moist to promote adventitious roots at the grafting joints. The potting matrix is ​​composed of peat soil, leaf mold, coconut husk, vermiculite, and commercial organic fertilizer in a ratio of 4:2:1:1:

1. After the grafting joints have adventitious roots for about 25 days, a nutrient solution is applied to the potting matrix. The nutrient solution is mixed with common compound fertilizers and medium and trace element compound fertilizers of calcium, magnesium, and zinc in a weight ratio of 5:1 to form a solution, and the conductivity of the solution is controlled at 2500-3000µs / cm. d. Cut off the side branches, and wait until the fruit has finished swelling, then cut off the side branches of the rootstock connected to the grafted healing mouth to separate the bonsai eggplant from the rootstock. After cutting off the left and right side branches of each rootstock, two pots of grafted bonsai eggplants will be obtained.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step a, excellent eggplant varieties with strong growth potential, strong disease resistance and good commercial value of fruits are selected as scion eggplant varieties for sowing.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The eggplant varieties of the scion are purple-black round eggplant varieties such as Heiyuanba, green eggplant varieties such as Luheng No. 1, purple long eggplant varieties such as Yunchuan No. 9, green long eggplant varieties such as Emerald Green Eggplant, or white long eggplant varieties such as Ivory White Eggplant.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step a, the seeds are sown in a seedling greenhouse using a floating tray or a plug tray and planted in the greenhouse.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting spacing of the rootstock Torubbam is 1.5 meters, single ridge and single row, and the planting spacing of the scion variety is 0.5 meters, single ridge and double rows.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step a, basal fertilizer is applied before planting, with 800 kg of organic fertilizer, 50 kg of compound fertilizer and 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer applied per mu; the compound fertilizer is a common compound fertilizer containing 15% nitrogen, 15% phosphorus and 15% potassium.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step b, the grafting method is cleft grafting, and the length of the grafted scion is 3-4 nodes.

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