A blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting method and device

Abstract

The present invention provides a blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting method and device, which relates to the field of carbon emission reduction technology, and aims to improve data quality, realize real-time data collection, storage and trusted flow, and solve the problem of insufficient accuracy and timeliness in carbon emission reduction data accounting. The method includes real-time data collection, preprocessing and accounting, and blockchain storage, covering the collection of key data such as electricity and fuel consumption in the base year and the project implementation year. After preprocessing, carbon emissions are calculated through smart contracts to quantify the emission reduction effect. The device integrates data collection, calculation and storage modules, and uses blockchain to ensure that the data cannot be tampered with. The present invention integrates the Internet of Things and blockchain, automates accounting, improves data processing efficiency, reduces costs, promotes the modernization of carbon emission management, and provides trusted data support for carbon trading.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of carbon emission reduction technology, and in particular to a blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting method and device. Background Art

[0002] In the context of carbon trading and carbon reduction management, key industrial enterprises are effectively reducing carbon emissions through improving energy efficiency and switching fuels at the source. However, accurately calculating carbon emission reductions faces two major challenges: the low credibility of source data and the weak trust in the circulation of carbon data.

[0003] Blockchain technology is currently considered an ideal tool for carbon monitoring and accounting due to its multi-party consensus, openness, transparency, tamper-proof traceability, and robustness. It enables reliable recording of carbon footprints throughout their lifecycle and the trusted flow of all carbon emission elements, significantly improving the quality of carbon emissions data. Basic corporate carbon emissions data comes from complex sources, involves numerous statistical processes, and relies primarily on manual data entry after instrument monitoring. This significantly compromises data authenticity, consistency, and traceability. Consequently, existing carbon reduction data accounting methods suffer from significant deficiencies in data accuracy and timely collection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting method and device, which can improve data quality, realize real-time data collection, storage and trusted flow, and address the shortcomings of current carbon emission reduction data accounting methods in terms of accuracy and timeliness.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting method includes the following steps:

[0007] S1: Real-time data collection: Using the Internet of Things to collect carbon emission data from industrial facilities in real time;

[0008] S2: Data preprocessing and calculation: Preprocess the data collected in S1 and use the preprocessed data to calculate carbon emissions through the embedded formula of the smart contract. The embedded formula is:

[0009] R = BE y -PE y

[0010] in: R is carbon emissions, t; BE y is the carbon emissions in the base year, t; PE y is the annual carbon emissions of the project, t;

[0011] BE y The calculation formula is:

[0012]

[0013] in: EC i is the electricity consumption of industrial facilities in the base year, MW·h; EF E,i is the electricity emission coefficient of the base year grid, t / MW·h, FC j,k is the fossil fuel consumption of industrial facilities in the base year, t; NCV k is the net calorific value of fossil fuels in the base year, GJ / t; EF FF,k is the carbon emission factor of fossil fuels in the base year, t / GJ, ECM l Heat flow consumed by industrial facilities, t; H in,l is the enthalpy of hot water or hot gas flowing into industrial facilities, KJ / kg; H out,l is the enthalpy of hot water or hot gas flowing out of industrial facilities, KJ / kg; EF ECM,i is the carbon emission factor of heat, t / KJ; Q ref,BL is the carbon emissions of other greenhouse gases, t, GWP ref,BL Global Warming Potential of Greenhouse Gases

[0014] S3: Blockchain storage: Store pre-processed, calculated, and verified data in the blockchain network.

[0015] Furthermore: the carbon emission-related data described in step S1 include: base year electricity consumption, base year coal consumption, base year natural gas consumption, base year other fossil fuel consumption, base year heat consumption, base year heating flow rate, project implementation year electricity consumption, project implementation year fossil fuel consumption, project implementation year heat consumption, and the average annual usage of refrigerant replacement for the project.

[0016] Furthermore: the pre-processing means in step S2 includes at least one of cleaning, alignment, and encryption.

[0017] Further: PE y The calculation formula is:

[0018]

[0019] in: PE El,y The carbon emissions of annual electricity consumption during project implementation, t; PE EF,y Carbon emissions from annual fossil fuel consumption during project implementation, t; PE ECm,y The carbon emissions from heat consumption of industrial facilities during the project implementation year, t; PE ref,y is the annual carbon leakage of the project, t.

[0020] Further: PE ECm,y The calculation formula is:

[0021]

[0022] in: ECM PJ,i,y The heat consumption of industrial facilities during the project implementation year, t; H in,i,y The enthalpy of hot water or hot gas flowing into industrial facilities during the project implementation year, KJ / kg; H out,i,y The enthalpy of hot water or hot gas flowing out of industrial facilities during the project implementation year, KJ / kg; EF ECM,i is the carbon emission factor of heat, t / KJ; i is time, and y is facility.

[0023] Further: PE ref,y The calculation formula is:

[0024]

[0025] in: Q ref,PJ,Y The leakage volume of refrigerant used in the equipment during the project implementation year, t; GWP ref,PJ The global warming trend.

[0026] Furthermore, between step S2 and step S3, step S210 is also included: data verification and analysis: correlation verification and regression analysis are performed on the carbon emission data obtained in S2 using the correlation and regression analysis model built into the smart contract, and an early warning is issued for data that does not meet the correlation or regression analysis standards, and the early warning data is recalculated.

[0027] The present invention also provides a blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting device, comprising the following modules:

[0028] Data acquisition module: including sensors, metering acquisition devices, and gateway acquisition devices, used to obtain key parameter information of industrial facilities, such as daily electricity consumption, coal consumption, natural gas consumption, and other fossil fuel consumption, heat consumption, heating flow rate, and power generation;

[0029] Calculation module: used to calculate carbon emission reduction;

[0030] Data storage module: used to store the data information collected by the data acquisition module and the data information output by the calculation module into the blockchain.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. This invention combines IoT data collection with blockchain technology to achieve real-time collection, transmission, and storage of carbon emission data, ensuring the data’s immutability and traceability, and greatly improving the data’s accuracy and timeliness.

[0033] 2. The present invention uses smart contract technology to automatically calculate carbon emission reductions, reducing errors caused by human factors and improving the accuracy of calculations, thereby providing more reliable data support for the trading of carbon emission rights.

[0034] 3. The application of smart contracts in this invention realizes the automation of data management, which not only improves the efficiency of carbon emission data processing, but also reduces the labor and time costs in traditional data management, and promotes the modernization of carbon emission management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting method in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting method in another embodiment of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0039] A blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting method includes the following steps:

[0040] S1: Real-time data collection: Using IoT data to collect carbon emission data from industrial facilities in real time;

[0041] S2: Data preprocessing and calculation: Preprocess the data collected in S1 and use the preprocessed data to calculate carbon emissions through the embedded formula of the smart contract;

[0042] S3: Blockchain storage: Store pre-processed, calculated, and verified data in the blockchain network.

[0043] In some embodiments, the carbon emission-related data described in step S1 include: base year electricity consumption, base year coal consumption, base year natural gas consumption, base year other fossil fuel consumption, base year heat consumption, base year heating flow rate, project implementation year electricity consumption, project implementation year fossil fuel consumption, project implementation year heat consumption, and the average annual usage of refrigerant replacement for the project.

[0044] In other embodiments, the pre-processing means in step S2 include cleaning, alignment, and encryption; the embedded formula for calculating carbon emissions is:

[0045] R = BE y -PE y

[0046] in: R is carbon emissions, t; BE y is the carbon emissions in the base year, t; PE y is the annual carbon emissions of the project, t;

[0047] BE y The calculation formula is:

[0048]

[0049] in: EC i is the electricity consumption of industrial facilities in the base year, MW·h; EF E,i is the electricity emission coefficient of the base year grid, t / MW·h, FC j,k is the fossil fuel consumption of industrial facilities in the base year, t; NCV k is the net calorific value of fossil fuels in the base year, GJ / t; EF FF,k is the carbon emission factor of fossil fuels in the base year, t / GJ, ECM l Heat flow consumed by industrial facilities, t; H in,l is the enthalpy of hot water or hot gas flowing into industrial facilities, KJ / kg; H out,l is the enthalpy of hot water or hot gas flowing out of industrial facilities, KJ / kg; EF ECM,i is the carbon emission factor of heat, t / KJ; Q ref,BL is the carbon emissions of other greenhouse gases, t, GWP ref,BL is the global warming potential of greenhouse gases.

[0050] PE y The calculation formula is:

[0051]

[0052] in: PE El,y The carbon emissions of annual electricity consumption during project implementation, t; PE EF,y Carbon emissions from annual fossil fuel consumption during project implementation, t; PE ECm,y The carbon emissions from heat consumption of industrial facilities during the project implementation year, t; PE ref,y is the annual carbon leakage of the project, t.

[0053] PE ECm,y The calculation formula is:

[0054]

[0055] in: ECM PJ,i,y The heat consumption of industrial facilities during the project implementation year, t; H in,i,yThe enthalpy of hot water or hot gas flowing into industrial facilities during the project implementation year, KJ / kg; H out,i,y The enthalpy of hot water or hot gas flowing out of industrial facilities during the project implementation year, KJ / kg; EF ECM,i is the carbon emission factor of heat, t / KJ; i is time, and y is facility.

[0056] PE ref,y The calculation formula is:

[0057]

[0058] in: Q ref,PJ,Y The leakage volume of refrigerant used in the equipment during the project implementation year, t; GWP ref,PJ The global warming trend.

[0059] In other embodiments, step S210 is also included between step S2 and step S3: data verification and analysis: using the built-in correlation and regression analysis model of the smart contract to perform correlation verification and regression analysis on the carbon emission data obtained in S2, issuing a warning for data that does not meet the correlation or regression analysis standards, and recalculating the warning data.

[0060] Correlation Verification: Fuel consumption correlation verification: The coal input data measured by the belt scale or coal feeder is cross-checked with the coal input to the plant. The coal input data measured by the belt scale or coal feeder is summed on an annual basis. If the summed data differs by 5% from the annual coal input, a warning is issued and the coal input data measured by the belt scale or coal feeder shall prevail, but the data shall be marked as warning data.

[0061] Flow correlation verification of heat consumption of industrial facilities: The heat consumption of industrial boilers recorded by the flow meter is correlated and checked with the financial statistical data of heat supply settlement. If the difference between the two exceeds 5%, a warning will be issued for the data, and the heat consumption data of industrial boilers recorded by the flow meter will be used as the basis, but it will also be marked as warning data.

[0062] Regression Analysis Model: Build regression models for the checksum and related data items. Lasso regression, Ridge regression, decision tree regression, gradient boosted regression tree, and random forest regression models are used to train and test the data and optimize the model. Finally, the optimal model is validated, and deviation ratio statistics are calculated for the predicted values ​​of the acquired data to verify the validity of the model results.

[0063] In another embodiment, the present invention further provides a blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting device applying the above method, comprising the following modules:

[0064] Data acquisition modules include sensors, metering acquisition devices, and gateway acquisition devices, used to capture key parameter information for industrial facilities, including daily electricity consumption, coal consumption, natural gas consumption, and other fossil fuel consumption, heat consumption, heating flow rate, and power generation. Sensors include temperature sensors, metering acquisition devices include electricity meters, and gateway acquisition devices include enterprise control system data extraction devices. The relevant data collected by these acquisition devices can be collected in real time, facilitating real-time feedback on carbon emissions.

[0065] Calculation module: used to calculate carbon emission reduction;

[0066] Data Storage Module: This module stores data collected by the data acquisition module and output by the calculation module on the blockchain. For data that meets verification criteria, the smart contract automatically stores this data and carbon accounting results. Enterprises, organizations, or individuals can then analyze and compare this data and optimize carbon emission management plans based on the results. For example, stored carbon data can be used to calculate carbon emissions over a period of time, allowing trend analysis based on existing carbon emission data to optimize carbon emission control strategies.

[0067] The above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical concepts and features of the present invention. Their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement them accordingly. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention are intended to be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting method, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1: Real-time data collection: Using the Internet of Things to collect carbon emission data from industrial facilities in real time; S2: Data preprocessing and calculation: Preprocess the data collected in S1 and use the preprocessed data to calculate carbon emissions through the embedded formula of the smart contract. The embedded formula is: R=BE y -PE y in: R is carbon emissions, t; BE y is the carbon emissions in the base year, t; PE y is the annual carbon emissions of the project, t; BE y The calculation formula is: in: EC i is the electricity consumption of industrial facilities in the base year, MW·h; EF E,i is the electricity emission coefficient of the base year grid, t / MW·h, FC j,k is the fossil fuel consumption of industrial facilities in the base year, t; NCV k is the net calorific value of fossil fuels in the base year, GJ / t; EF FF,k is the carbon emission factor of fossil fuels in the base year, t / GJ, ECM l Heat flow consumed by industrial facilities, t; H in,l is the enthalpy of hot water or hot gas flowing into industrial facilities, KJ / kg; H out,l is the enthalpy of hot water or hot gas flowing out of industrial facilities, KJ / kg; EF ECM,i is the carbon emission factor of heat, t / KJ; Q ref,BL is the carbon emissions of other greenhouse gases, t, GWP ref,BL is the global warming potential of greenhouse gases; S3: Blockchain storage: Store pre-processed, calculated, and verified data in the blockchain network.

2. The blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon emission-related data described in step S1 include: base year electricity consumption, base year coal consumption, base year natural gas consumption, base year other fossil fuel consumption, base year heat consumption, base year heating flow rate, project implementation year electricity consumption, project implementation year fossil fuel consumption, project implementation year heat consumption, and the average annual usage of refrigerant replacement for the project.

3. The blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-processing means in step S2 include at least one of cleaning, alignment, and encryption.

4. The blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: PE y The calculation formula is: in: PE El,y The carbon emissions of annual electricity consumption during project implementation, t; PE EF,y Carbon emissions from annual fossil fuel consumption during project implementation, t; PE ECm,y The carbon emissions from heat consumption of industrial facilities during the project implementation year, t; PE ref,y is the annual carbon leakage of the project, t.

5. The blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: PE ECm,y The calculation formula is: in: ECM PJ,i,y The heat consumption of industrial facilities during the project implementation year, t; H in,i,y The enthalpy of hot water or hot gas flowing into industrial facilities during the project implementation year, KJ / kg; H out,i,y The enthalpy of hot water or hot gas flowing out of industrial facilities during the project implementation year, KJ / kg; EF ECM,i is the carbon emission factor of heat, t / KJ; i is time, and y is facility.

6. The blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting method according to claim 5 is characterized by: PE ref,y The calculation formula is: in: Q ref,PJ,Y The leakage volume of refrigerant used in the equipment during the project implementation year, t; GWP ref,PJ The global warming trend.

7. The blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Between step S2 and step S3, step S210 is also included: data verification and analysis: the correlation verification and regression analysis of the carbon emission data obtained in S2 are performed using the correlation and regression analysis model built into the smart contract, an early warning is issued for data that does not meet the correlation or regression analysis standards, and the early warning data is recalculated.

8. A blockchain-based carbon emission reduction accounting device, characterized by: The carbon reduction accounting method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 above is applied, comprising the following modules: Data acquisition module: including sensors, metering acquisition devices, and gateway acquisition devices, used to obtain key parameter information of industrial facilities, such as daily electricity consumption, coal consumption, natural gas consumption, and other fossil fuel consumption, heat consumption, heating flow rate, and power generation; Calculation module: used to calculate carbon emission reduction; Data storage module: used to store the data information collected by the data acquisition module and the data information output by the calculation module into the blockchain.

Images