Fertilization method for the soil of jackfruit orchards

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly to a method for fertilizing the soil in a jackfruit orchard. This method mixes the original soil with branches and leaves for pre-decomposition of the branches and leaves, combines a composting agent and a nitrogen source for composting the branches and leaves, and then combines a tree-nourishing fertilizer with a specific ratio, effectively accelerating the composting speed of the branches and leaves, improving the soil fertility, promoting the absorption of nutrients by jackfruit leaves, and ultimately increasing the yield of jackfruit. In addition, this method can effectively reduce the labor force and the dosage of commercial organic fertilizer, and has the advantages of easy operation, low cost, convenient implementation, and low requirements for technical conditions. Compared with centralized pulverization and decomposition, the labor force can be significantly reduced, and the dosage of commercial organic fertilizer can be reduced by more than 10%; compared with the methods of centralized incineration and direct stacking on the ground surface, the soil organic matter and nutrients are significantly improved, and the soil pH, microbial and nematode diversities are all significantly increased, and greenhouse gas emissions can also be reduced, which plays an important role in maintaining a healthy agricultural ecological environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly to a method for fertilizing the soil in a jackfruit orchard. Background Art

[0002] Jackfruit combines fruits, woody grains and precious timber, and is a characteristic tropical emerging industry with high comprehensive benefits. However, the organic matter content in the soil of jackfruit orchards is generally low, the site conditions are relatively poor, and long-term single-intensive planting and large amounts of chemical fertilizer input have caused a decline in the comprehensive fertility of orchard soil, environmental problems such as the degradation of soil ecosystem functions and agricultural non-point source pollution, directly affecting food security. At present, the fertilization of orchard soil focuses on the problems of soil structure and organic matter improvement, and mainly adopts two methods: applying decomposed animal-derived organic fertilizers and returning branches and leaves to the field. Animal-derived organic fertilizers are the most widely used and effective organic fertilizer sources in current production, with rich nutrients, but they may also contain pathogenic bacteria, antibiotics and heavy metals, etc. Long-term application of a single fertilizer source may pose a threat to the environment.

[0003] From the analysis of the current situation, the role of animal-derived organic fertilizers in increasing the yield and efficiency of orchards cannot be completely replaced due to the potential threats they may pose to the environment, but they mainly play a nutrient stimulation effect on indigenous microorganisms and have a certain timeliness. After each fruiting, a large amount of orchard organic waste will be generated from the pruning and physiological abscission of jackfruit. Returning branches and leaves to the field may be more suitable for the long-term cultivation of indigenous beneficial microorganisms and play an important role in improving soil fertility. However, the litter contains recalcitrant substances such as high lignin and polyphenols, which are difficult to decompose, and the decomposition rate is greatly affected by regional climate, soil and other conditions. There are problems such as large workload and high cost in returning the composted material to the field. Most fruit farmers choose to directly pile it on the ground surface or burn it centrally, causing environmental pollution and the spread of pests and diseases, restricting its recycling in the orchard. Giving full play to the advantages of the hot zone climate and biological resources, accelerating the in-situ decomposition process of organic waste, using it to replace part of the manure, increasing the diversity of organic materials returned to the field, turning waste into treasure, is the key means to solve the recycling of agricultural organic waste in the hot zone, and also an important measure to improve the comprehensive soil fertility and promote the increase in yield and efficiency of jackfruit in multiple ways. At present, there is no fertilization method that can effectively promote the growth of jackfruit by in-situ decomposition of jackfruit branches and leaves. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for fertilizing the soil in a jackfruit orchard. This method can significantly improve the decomposition rate of branches and leaves, promote the release of nutrients, and increase the yield of jackfruit.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention purposes, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for fertilizing the soil in a jackfruit orchard, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Alternately backfill the pruning branches and leaves of jackfruit and soil into the fertilization pit;

[0008] (2) Spray urea and decomposed microbial inoculum on the surface of the branches and leaves in the fertilization pit, and cover with a thin layer of soil; then apply organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium chloride, and finally backfill the surface soil into the fertilization pit;

[0009] In step (2), the mass ratio of the dry weight of the branches and leaves, urea and decomposed microbial inoculum is (40-60):(0.6-1.4):(0.004-0.006); the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium chloride is (30-40):1:0.5.

[0010] The applicant's research found that by pre-decomposing the branches and leaves according to the method of the present invention and then combining with a certain ratio of organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium chloride, the soil fertility and the yield of jackfruit are effectively improved. Among them, the yield of jackfruit has a significant difference compared with the schemes under other ratios and other fertilization schemes (p < 0.05), and at the same time, the amount of commercial fertilizer is greatly reduced. It shows that the fertilization method of the present invention for decomposing branches and leaves and nourishing trees with specific ratios gives the nutritional components at each growth stage of jackfruit in a timely and appropriate amount, which better meets the nutritional requirements of each growth stage of jackfruit and has a synergistic effect in increasing the yield of jackfruit.

[0011] The fertilization method described in the present invention can be used for jackfruit grafted seedlings at any stage, preferably those with a tree age of 3-10 years (counting the tree age from the transplantation of the grafted seedlings). In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the jackfruit is a grafted seedling planted for 5 years.

[0012] In some embodiments, in step (1), the alternate backfilling includes: by mass, laying the branches and leaves and soil flat in the fertilization pit in an alternating order of 8-12 parts of branches and leaves and 1 part of soil. In some specific embodiments, the mass ratio of the branches and leaves to the soil is 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 11:1 or 12:1.

[0013] In some embodiments, in step (1), the pruning period is 15-30 days after fruit harvesting. In some specific embodiments, the pruning period is 15 days after fruit harvesting.

[0014] In some embodiments, in step (1), the position of the fertilization pit is alternately rotated in the four directions of east, south, west and north every year. Here, the alternate rotation means that the positions of the fertilization pits dug in adjacent years are different, that is, the position of the fertilization pit dug in the current year is different from that of the fertilization pit in the previous year and the next year, and the previous year and the next year can be the same or different (referring to different positions). The specifications of the fertilization pit are: 80-100 cm in length, 30-40 cm in width and 40-60 cm in depth.

[0015] In some embodiments, in step (1), the length of the branches of the branches and leaves is 3 to 10 cm.

[0016] In some embodiments, in step (1), after the alternate backfilling, it further includes a step of drying for 20 days, and turning and mixing is carried out every 5 days during this period. After drying by this step, the branches and leaves in the fertilization pit are in a semi-dry state.

[0017] In some embodiments, in step (2), the thickness of the thin soil is 0.1 to 0.3 cm, and in some specific embodiments, it can be specifically 0.1 cm, 0.2 cm or 0.3 cm.

[0018] In some preferred embodiments, in step (2), the mass ratio of the dry weight of the branches and leaves, urea and the decomposed microbial inoculum is 50:0.9:0.005, 40:0.6:0.004 or 60:1.4:0.006.

[0019] In some embodiments, in step (2), the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium chloride is specifically 40:1:0.5 or 30:1:0.5 or 35:1:0.5.

[0020] In some embodiments, in step (2), the organic fertilizer includes 450 - 500 g·kg -1 of organic matter; 15.3 - 16.0 g·kg -1 of N; 47.0 - 47.5 g·kg -1 of P2O5; 12.6 - 13.2 g·kg -1 of K2O; pH 8.4.

[0021] All the soils used in steps (1) and (2) of the present invention, including the soil in step (1), the thin soil in step (2) and the surface soil, are the original soil dug out from the fertilization pit or the soil in the plantation.

[0022] The method for soil fertilization in a jackfruit orchard provided by the present invention mixes the original soil with branches and leaves for pre-decomposition of the branches and leaves, combines a composting agent and a nitrogen source for composting the branches and leaves, and then combines a tree-nourishing fertilizer with a specific ratio. Finally, it effectively accelerates the composting speed of the branches and leaves, significantly improves the soil fertility, promotes the absorption of nutrients by jackfruit leaves, and can also increase the yield of jackfruit for a long time. In addition, this method can effectively reduce the labor force and the dosage of commercial organic fertilizer, and has the advantages of easy operation, low cost, convenient implementation, and low requirements for technical conditions. Compared with centralized pulverization and decomposition, the fertilization method of the present invention can significantly reduce the labor force and reduce the dosage of commercial organic fertilizer by more than 10%. Compared with the methods of centralized incineration and direct stacking on the ground surface, the organic matter and nutrients in the jackfruit soil can be significantly improved in a short time, and the soil pH, microbial and nematode diversities are all significantly increased. It can also reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which plays an important role in maintaining a healthy agricultural ecological environment. Detailed implementation mode

[0023] The present invention provides a method for soil fertilization in a jackfruit orchard. Those skilled in the art can draw on the content of this article and appropriately modify the process parameters to achieve it. It should be particularly noted that all similar substitutions and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art, and they are all regarded as included in the present invention. The method and application of the present invention have been described through preferred embodiments. Relevant personnel can obviously make changes or appropriate changes and combinations to the methods and applications in this article without departing from the content, spirit and scope of the present invention to implement and apply the technology of the present invention.

[0024] The present invention provides a method for soil fertilization in a jackfruit orchard, which is a fertilization method that combines in-situ decomposition of jackfruit branches and leaves with a tree-nourishing fertilizer to fertilize the soil, and includes the following steps:

[0025] (1) Alternate backfilling and pre-decomposition of branches and leaves and the original soil: Dig a fertilization pit 15 - 30 days after harvesting jackfruit. The specifications of the fertilization pit are 80 - 100 cm in length, 30 - 40 cm in width, and 40 - 60 cm in depth. While digging the pit, combine with weeding and backfill the grass into the fertilization pit. Then carry out routine pruning after fruit harvesting, cut the pruned branches into sections 3 - 10 cm long, and lay the branches and leaves and thin soil flat in the fertilization pit according to the principle of one layer of branches and leaves and one layer of thin soil [8 - 12 parts of branches and leaves plus 1 part of soil (thickness 0.1 - 0.3 cm)]. After all backfilling is completed, air dry for 20 days until the branches and leaves are semi-dry (turn over and mix once every 5 days to accelerate the drying process of the branches and leaves).

[0026] Mixing of decomposed branches and leaves and tree-nourishing fertilizer to accelerate decomposition: After melting urea with water, evenly spray it on the surface of semi-dry branches and leaves [40 - 60 parts of branches and leaves (by dry weight): 0.6 - 1.4 parts of urea: 1.5 - 2 parts of water]. After dissolving the organic matter decomposing agent with water, evenly spray it on the surface of semi-dry branches and leaves [40 - 60 parts of branches and leaves (by dry weight): 0.004 - 0.006 parts of decomposing bacteria agent: 1 part of water], and cover with a thin layer of soil (with a thickness of 0.1 - 0.3 cm). Then apply organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride with a mass ratio of (30 - 40):1:0.5 into the fertilization pit, and finally backfill the surface soil into the fertilization pit. The organic fertilizer includes 450 - 500 g·kg -1 of organic matter; 15.3 - 16.0 g·kg -1 of N; 47.0 - 47.5 g·kg -1 of P2O5; 12.6 - 13.2 g·kg -1 of K2O; pH 8.4. The organic matter decomposing agent is the special bacteria agent for Yuhesheng organic fertilizer fermentation produced by Hebi Hesheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] On the one hand, by mixing branches and leaves with local soil in an appropriate proportion, the present invention can effectively utilize indigenous dominant strains, combine the exogenous microorganisms and nutrient excitation effects of the organic matter decomposing agent and animal-derived organic fertilizer, significantly improve the decomposition rate of branches and leaves, and promote the release of nutrients. This method is easy to operate, low in cost, convenient to implement, and has low requirements for technical conditions. Compared with the methods of centralized incineration and direct stacking on the ground surface, using the method of the present invention can significantly improve the soil organic matter and nutrients of jackfruit in a short time, and the soil pH, microbial and nematode diversities are all significantly increased, and greenhouse gas emissions can also be reduced. Moreover, combining the operation of decomposing branches and leaves with the application of tree-nourishing fertilizer after fruiting can effectively reduce labor and reduce the dosage of commercial organic fertilizer by more than 10%, cultivate soil fertility for a long time, and ensure the yield of jackfruit.

[0029] The test materials used in the present invention are all ordinary commercially available products and can be purchased in the market.

[0030] The following further elaborates the present invention in combination with embodiments:

[0031] Example 1: Alternate backfilling and pre-decomposition of branches and leaves and original soil

[0032] Alternate backfilling of branches and leaves and original soil for pre-decomposition: 15 days after fruit harvesting in a 5-year-old jackfruit orchard in Xinglong, Wanning, Hainan, fertilizer pits are dug. The specifications of the fertilizer pits are 80 - 100 cm in length, 30 - 40 cm in width, and 40 - 60 cm in depth. Then, regular post-harvest pruning is carried out, and the pruned branches are cut into sections 3 - 10 cm long. According to the principle of laying one layer of branches and leaves and one layer of thin soil [10 parts of branches and leaves plus 1 part of soil (with a thickness of 0.2 cm)], the branches and leaves and thin soil are laid flat in the fertilizer pits. After all backfilling is completed, it is left to dry for 20 days until the branches and leaves are semi-dry (stirred every 5 days to accelerate the drying process of the branches and leaves). Among them, a part of the branches and leaves is put into a decomposition mesh bag for the same operation for later sample collection for the determination and analysis of the decomposition rate.

[0033] Comparative Example 1 (Alternate backfilling of branches and leaves and exogenous soil for pre-decomposition)

[0034] The operation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the backfilled soil is the abandoned soil at the boundary of the orchard.

[0035] Comparative Example 2 (Direct backfilling of branches and leaves)

[0036] The operation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the pruned branches and leaves are backfilled into the fertilizer pit at one time.

[0037] Comparative Example 3 (After all the branches and leaves are backfilled and left to dry until semi-dry, then the original soil is backfilled)

[0038] The operation method is the same as that of Comparative Example 2, except that after the pruned branches and leaves are backfilled into the fertilizer pit at one time and left to dry until semi-dry, the original soil in the fertilizer pit is backfilled, and the backfilling height of the original soil is 1 cm.

[0039] Comparative Example 4 (Conventional operation: Branches and leaves are covered on the ground and decomposed naturally)

[0040] 15 days after jackfruit fruit harvesting, regular post-harvest pruning is carried out, and the pruned branches and leaves are directly piled in the rows. Similarly, a part of the branches and leaves is put into a decomposition mesh bag for the same operation for later sample collection for the determination and analysis of the decomposition rate.

[0041] After 20 days, the branches and leaves in the decomposition mesh bags were collected for weighing. Meanwhile, the soil 10 cm away from the fertilization pit was collected to compare the leaf decomposition rates and orchard soil microbial characteristics of the five operation methods (Table 1). The diversity of soil bacteria and fungi was determined and analyzed by high-throughput sequencing (Shen, Z.Z., Zhong, S.T., Wang, Y.G., Wang, B.B., Mei, X.L., Li, R., Ruan, Y.Z., Shen, Q.R (2013). Induced soil microbial suppression of banana fusarium wilt disease using compost and biofertilizers to improve yield and quality. Eur. J. Soil Biol. 57, 1 - 8.). The diversity of soil nematodes was first classified and identified according to the method of Yin Wenying (Illustrated Key to Soil Animals in China [M]. Science Press, 1998), and then the diversity index was calculated (Yeates G W. Nematodes as soil indicators: Functional and biodiversity aspects [J]. Biology and Fertility of Soil, 2003, 37(4): 199 - 210).

[0042] The results showed that the leaf decomposition rate of the operation of alternately backfilling branches and leaves and original soil (i.e., Example 1) of the present invention was the highest, followed by the operation of alternately backfilling branches and leaves and exogenous soil, which was significantly higher than the operation of drying the branches and leaves to semi-dryness and then backfilling the soil after all the branches and leaves were backfilled, and the operation of directly backfilling the branches and leaves. The leaf decomposition rate of the operation of covering the ground with branches and leaves for natural decomposition was the lowest. The diversity indices of soil bacteria, fungi, and nematodes were the highest in the operation of alternately backfilling branches and leaves and original soil and the operation of alternately backfilling branches and leaves and exogenous soil, and there was no significant difference between the two operation methods. The leaf decomposition rate was determined by the mesh bag weighing method.

[0043] Table 1: Soil microbial characteristics of different operation methods

[0044]

[0045] Example 2: Accelerated composting of decomposed branches and leaves and tree-nourishing fertilizer

[0046] The pre-decomposition of alternately backfilling branches and leaves and original soil was carried out according to Example 1, and then the accelerated composting treatment of decomposed branches and leaves and tree-nourishing fertilizer was carried out according to the following method.

[0047] The accelerated composting of decomposed branches and leaves and tree-nourishing fertilizer (decomposed branches and leaves + tree-nourishing fertilizer) was carried out according to the following method (1), (2), or (3):

[0048] (1) After melting urea with water, mix it evenly with semi-dry branches and leaves [branches and leaves (dry weight basis): 40 parts: 0.6 part of urea: 1.5 parts of water]. Then, dissolve the organic matter decomposing agent with water and mix it evenly with semi-dry branches and leaves [branches and leaves (dry weight basis): 40 parts: 0.004 part of decomposing bacteria agent: 1 part of water]. Cover with a thin layer of soil (1 part of soil for every 10 parts of branches and leaves). Then, mix commercial organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride fertilizer with a mass ratio of 30:1:0.5 evenly and apply them into the fertilization pit. Finally, backfill the surface soil into the fertilization pit.

[0049] (2) After melting urea with water, mix it evenly with semi-dry branches and leaves [branches and leaves (dry weight basis): 50 parts: 0.9 part of urea: 1.7 parts of water]. Then, dissolve the organic matter decomposing agent with water and mix it evenly with semi-dry branches and leaves [branches and leaves (dry weight basis): 50 parts: 0.005 part of decomposing bacteria agent: 1 part of water]. Cover with a thin layer of soil (1 part of soil for every 10 parts of branches and leaves). Then, mix commercial organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride fertilizer with a mass ratio of 35:1:0.5 evenly and apply them into the fertilization pit. Finally, backfill the surface soil into the fertilization pit.

[0050] (3) After melting urea with water, mix it evenly with semi-dry branches and leaves [branches and leaves (dry weight basis): 60 parts: 1.4 parts of urea: 2 parts of water]. Then, dissolve the organic matter decomposing agent with water and mix it evenly with semi-dry branches and leaves [branches and leaves (dry weight basis): 60 parts: 0.006 part of decomposing bacteria agent: 1 part of water]. Cover with a thin layer of soil (1 part of soil for every 10 parts of branches and leaves). Then, mix commercial organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride fertilizer with a mass ratio of 40:1:0.5 evenly and apply them into the fertilization pit. Finally, backfill the surface soil into the fertilization pit.

[0051] Control Example 5 (Reducing the formula for decomposing branches and leaves + Increasing the tree-nourishing fertilizer)

[0052] Carry out the alternate backfilling and pre-decomposition of branches and leaves with the original soil according to Example 1, and then process as follows:

[0053] After melting urea with water, mix it evenly with semi-dry branches and leaves [branches and leaves (dry weight basis): 30 parts: 0.5 part of urea: 1 part of water]. Then, dissolve the organic matter decomposing agent with water and mix it evenly with semi-dry branches and leaves [branches and leaves (dry weight basis): 30 parts: 0.003 part of decomposing bacteria agent: 0.5 part of water]. Cover with a thin layer of soil (1 part of soil for every 10 parts of branches and leaves). Then, mix commercial organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride fertilizer with a mass ratio of 45:1:0.5 evenly and apply them into the fertilization pit. Finally, backfill the surface soil into the fertilization pit.

[0054] Control Example 6 (Increasing the formula for decomposing branches and leaves + Reducing the tree-nourishing fertilizer)

[0055] Carry out the alternate backfilling and pre-decomposition of branches and leaves with the original soil according to Example 1, and then process as follows:

[0056] Melt urea with water and mix it evenly with semi-dry branches and leaves [70 parts of branches and leaves (dry weight): 1.5 parts of urea: 2 parts of water]. Then dissolve the organic matter decomposing agent with water and mix it evenly with semi-dry branches and leaves [70 parts of branches and leaves (dry weight): 0.007 parts of decomposing bacterial agent: 1 part of water], and cover it with a thin layer of soil (1 part of soil for every 10 parts of branches and leaves). Then mix commercial organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium chloride fertilizer in a mass ratio of 25:1:0.5 and apply them into the fertilization pit. Finally, backfill the surface soil into the fertilization pit.

[0057] Control Example 7 (Separate the decomposition of branches and leaves from the tree-nourishing fertilizer)

[0058] Carry out the alternate backfilling and pre-decomposition of branches and leaves and original soil according to Example 1, and then process them according to the following method:

[0059] The operation of decomposing branches and leaves is the same as that in Example 2. After 1 month, mix commercial organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium chloride fertilizer in a mass ratio of 35:1:0.5 and apply them into the fertilization pit. Finally, backfill the surface soil into the fertilization pit.

[0060] Control Example 8 (Conventional operation: only apply tree-nourishing fertilizer)

[0061] Directly apply commercial organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium chloride in a mass ratio of 35:1:0.5 into the fertilization pit, and then backfill the surface soil into the fertilization pit.

[0062] The alternate backfilling and pre-decomposition of branches and leaves and original soil in the above Control Examples 5-8 and Example 2 are the same, and all are carried out according to the method of Example 1. The commercial organic fertilizers are the same, including 450-500 g·kg –1 of organic matter; 15.3-16.0 g·kg –1 of N; 47.0-47.5 g·kg –1 of P2O5; 12.6-13.2 g·kg –1 of K2O; pH 8.4. The organic matter decomposing agent is the special bacteria agent for fermenting Yuhesheng organic fertilizer produced by Hebi Hesheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0063] Fertilize the jackfruit orchard according to the methods of Example 2 and Control Examples 5-8 for 2 consecutive years. Set 5 replicates for each treatment. Other management measures (including irrigation method, pruning method, weeds, pest and disease control, etc.) are the same, and all are carried out according to the local conventional management method of jackfruit. Collect soil samples within a range of 10 cm away from the fertilization pit during the fruit harvesting period, and compare the soil physical and chemical properties, microbial characteristics, leaf nutrients and the jackfruit yields for 2 consecutive years (Table 2).

[0064] The results showed that, compared with Comparative Example 6 (the addition of decomposed foliage formula + the reduction of tree-nourishing fertilizer) and the schemes of other comparative examples, in Examples (1) to (3) of the present invention, the decomposed foliage + tree-nourishing fertilizer significantly increased the yield of jackfruit at a specific ratio (P<0.05). It shows that the decomposed foliage and tree-nourishing fertilizer of the present invention interact and work together at a specific ratio, producing a synergistic effect in improving soil fertility and the yield of jackfruit. It not only effectively reduces the dosage of tree-nourishing fertilizer, but also increases the yield of jackfruit, greatly reducing the planting cost and improving the economic benefit.

[0065] In addition, the pH, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content, bacteria, fungi, nematode diversity, leaf nitrogen content, and potassium content of the decomposed foliage + tree-nourishing fertilizer scheme of the present invention are significantly higher. In terms of soil physical and chemical indexes, the fertilization effect of the operation of reducing the decomposed foliage formula + increasing the tree-nourishing fertilizer is similar to that of the decomposed foliage + tree-nourishing fertilizer operation, but in terms of soil microbial diversity, its value is significantly reduced.

[0066] From the above results, it can be seen that fertilizing with the decomposed foliage + tree-nourishing fertilizer of the present invention according to a specific ratio can not only improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but also enhance the absorption of nutrients by jackfruit leaves to a certain extent. It can not only reduce the dosage of tree-nourishing fertilizer, but also ensure the yield of jackfruit, effectively reducing the planting cost.

[0067] Table 2: Soil physical and chemical properties, microbial characteristics, leaf nutrient content and jackfruit yield under different operation methods

[0068]

[0069] Test example: Effect of long-term soil fertilization in jackfruit orchard

[0070] Experimental group 1 (fertilizer pit rotation + decomposed foliage + tree-nourishing fertilizer): Fertilize according to the method of step (2) of Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention, and dig new fertilizer pits in the four directions of east, south, west, and north every year, that is, rotate the fertilizer pits.

[0071] Experimental group 2 (fixed fertilizer pit + decomposed foliage + tree-nourishing fertilizer): Fertilize according to the method of step (2) of Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention, where one place is fixed for the fertilizer pits dug every year.

[0072] Comparative Example 9 (fertilizer pit rotation + tree-nourishing fertilizer): The fertilizer pits dug every year should be rotated alternately, and commercial organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium chloride with a mass ratio of 40:1:0.5 are directly applied into the fertilizer pits, and then the surface soil is backfilled into the fertilizer pits.

[0073] Comparative Example 10 (Fertilization pit fixed + tree-nourishing fertilizer): The fertilization pits dug every year are fixed in one place, and commercial organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride with a mass ratio of 40:1:0.5 are directly applied into the fertilization pits, and then the surface soil is backfilled into the fertilization pits.

[0074] The commercial organic fertilizer described in the above embodiments and comparative examples contains 450 - 500 g·kg –1 of organic matter; 15.3 - 16.0 g·kg –1 of N; 47.0 - 47.5 g·kg –1 of P2O5; 12.6 - 13.2 g·kg –1 of K2O; pH 8.4. The organic material decomposer is the Yuhesheng special bacteria agent for organic fertilizer fermentation produced by Hebi Hesheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0075] For two consecutive years, the jackfruit orchards were fertilized according to the methods of the examples and comparative examples. Each treatment was set with 5 replicates, and other management measures (including irrigation methods, pruning methods, weeds, pest and disease control, etc.) were the same, and all were carried out according to the local conventional management methods of jackfruit. During the fruit harvesting period, soil samples were collected at 10 cm near the fertilization pit (Table 3) and at the position diagonal to the fertilization pit (Table 4) to compare the soil physical and chemical and microbial characteristics of the four operation methods. At the same time, jackfruit leaves were collected to measure the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient contents in the leaves and to count the jackfruit yields for two consecutive years.

[0076] The results showed that the soil pH, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium contents, bacteria, fungi, and nematode diversity at 10 cm near the fertilization pit were the highest in Experimental Group 2 of the present invention (Table 3), followed by Experimental Group 1 and Comparative Example 10. The soil pH, nutrient content, and microbial diversity index of Comparative Example 9 were the lowest among the four operation methods. For the soil pH, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium contents, bacteria, fungi diversity, and leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents at the position diagonal to the fertilization pit, the operation of fertilization pit rotation + branch and leaf decomposition + tree-nourishing fertilizer was the highest (Table 4), followed by the operation of fertilization pit rotation + tree-nourishing fertilizer. The soil nematode diversity index of these two operation methods was the highest, while the soil pH, nutrient content, and microbial diversity index of the two operation methods of fertilization pit fixed + branch and leaf decomposition + tree-nourishing fertilizer and fertilization pit fixed + tree-nourishing fertilizer were the lowest among the four operation methods. In terms of jackfruit yield cultivation, the yield of the operation of fertilization pit fixed + tree-nourishing fertilizer in the first year was significantly lower than that of other operations, and the yield of the operation of fertilization pit rotation + tree-nourishing fertilizer was significantly lower than that of Experimental Group 1 and had no significant difference with Experimental Group 2. In the yield statistics of the second year, the fertilization scheme of Experimental Group 1 of the present invention showed an obvious yield increase advantage, followed by Experimental Group 2 and Comparative Example 9, indicating that the operation of fertilization pit rotation + branch and leaf decomposition is more conducive to the cultivation of soil nutrients and microbial diversity and promotes the nutrient absorption and yield increase of jackfruit leaves in a relatively long time.

[0077] Table 3: Physical, chemical and microbial properties of soil near the fertilizer pit under different operation methods

[0078]

[0079] Table 4: Physical, chemical and microbial properties of soil diagonal to the fertilizer pit, leaf nutrient content and jackfruit yield under different operation methods

[0080]

[0081] Note: Different letters in the same column in the table indicate significant differences.

[0082] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fertilizing the soil of a jackfruit orchard, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Alternately backfill the pruning branches and leaves of jackfruit and soil into the fertilization pit; (2) Spray urea and decomposed microbial inoculum on the surface of the branches and leaves in the fertilization pit, and cover with a thin layer of soil; Then apply organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium chloride, and finally backfill the surface soil into the fertilization pit; In step (2), the mass ratio of the dry weight of the branches and leaves, urea and decomposed microbial inoculum is (40-60):(0.6-1.4):(0.004-0.006); the mass ratio of organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium chloride is (30-40):1:0.5; In step (1), the alternate backfilling includes: by mass, laying the branches and leaves and soil flat in the fertilization pit in the alternate order of 8-12 parts of branches and leaves and 1 part of soil per layer; In step (1), the position of the fertilization pit is alternately rotated in the four directions of east, south, west and north every year.

2. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein In step (1), the pruning period is 15-30 days after fruit harvesting.

3. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the specifications of the fertilization pit are: 80-100 cm in length, 30-40 cm in width, and 40-60 cm in depth.

4. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (1), the length of the branches of the branches and leaves is 3-10 cm.

5. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), after the alternate backfilling, it also includes drying for 20 days, and stirring is carried out every 5 days during this period.

6. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the thickness of the thin soil is 0.1-0.3 cm.

7. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (2), the mass ratio of the dry weight of the branches and leaves, urea and decomposed microbial inoculum is 50:0.9:0.005, 40:0.6:0.004 or 60:1.4:0.

006.

8. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the mass ratio of organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium chloride is 40:1:0.5, 35:1:0.5 or 30:1:0.5; The organic fertilizer includes 450 - 500 g·kg -1 of organic matter; 15.3 - 16.0 g·kg -1 of N; 47.0 - 47.5 g·kg -1 of P2O5; 12.6 - 13.2 g·kg -1 of K2O; pH 8.

4.

9. The fertilization method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, In steps (1) and (2), the soil, thin soil and surface soil are selected from the original soil dug out of the fertilization pit or the soil in the plantation.

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