Electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor and device for wheel tread detection

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, in particular to an electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor and device for wheel tread detection. The electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection comprises a shell which comprises a detection surface and a mounting space, the detection surface is sequentially provided with a first opening, a second opening and a third opening, and the mounting space is connected with an external space through the first opening, the second opening and the third opening; the excitation coil is arranged in the mounting space and located at the first opening; the exciting coil outputs surface waves and oblique incident transverse waves to an external space through the first opening; after the surface waves and the oblique incident transverse waves are transmitted to the tread defects, reflected waves and / or diffracted waves are / is generated; the excitation coil is connected with a power supply; the first receiving assembly is arranged in the mounting space and located at the second opening; the first receiving assembly receives the diffracted wave through the second opening; the second receiving assembly is arranged in the mounting space and located at the third opening; the second receiving assembly receives the reflected wave through the third opening.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, and in particular to an electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor and device for wheel tread detection. Background Art

[0002] At present, if there are damage defects in the wheels of a train, it may cause an accident during operation. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct online inspection of the train wheels and dynamic scanning inspection of the wheels in the workshop.

[0003] The defects of train wheel treads can be divided into near-surface defects and internal rim crack defects, and the depth of the defects usually ranges from 0 to 25 mm. In the related art, when electromagnetic ultrasound is used for wheel flaw detection, near-surface defects and internal rim crack defects need to be detected using different sensors. The detection process is complicated, and the detection of natural defects is not comprehensive. It cannot detect defects of all shapes and angles. When using shear waves to detect internal rim cracks, it is impossible to determine whether the sensor is damaged. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide an electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor and device for wheel tread detection, which realizes non-destructive detection of surface, near-surface defects and internal rim crack defects of train wheel treads based on surface waves and oblique-incident shear waves, and realizes self-detection of the electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor used for wheel tread detection.

[0005] In some embodiments, an electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection is provided, comprising: a shell, comprising a detection surface and an installation space, the detection surface is sequentially provided with a first opening, a second opening and a third opening, and the installation space is connected to the external space through the first opening, the second opening and the third opening; an excitation coil, arranged in the installation space and located at the first opening; the excitation coil outputs surface waves and obliquely incident transverse waves to the external space through the first opening; the surface waves and obliquely incident transverse waves generate reflected waves and / or diffracted waves when transmitted to defects in the wheel tread; the excitation coil is connected to a power supply; a first receiving component, arranged in the installation space and located at the second opening; the first receiving component receives the diffracted wave through the second opening; the second receiving component is arranged in the installation space and located at the third opening; the second receiving component receives the reflected wave through the third opening.

[0006] The electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection provided by the embodiment of the present application is used to output surface waves and oblique incident transverse waves through the excitation coil, the first receiving component receives the diffracted waves generated by the surface waves and the oblique incident transverse waves, and the second receiving component receives the reflected waves generated by the surface waves and the oblique incident transverse waves. The damage of the train wheel tread can be determined based on the reflected waves and diffracted waves generated after the surface waves and the oblique incident transverse waves contact the train wheel tread, and the surface, near-surface defects and internal rim crack defects of the train wheel tread can be detected using one sensor. In addition, while using the surface wave as the detection wave, it can be used as a reference wave to indicate whether the sensor is damaged.

[0007] Optionally, the first receiving component includes a first permanent magnet, a first receiving coil and a first magnetic conductive member; the first magnetic conductive member is arranged between the first receiving coil and the first permanent magnet; and the first receiving coil is exposed from the detection surface.

[0008] Optionally, the wire diameter of the first receiving coil is 0.1 mm; the first receiving coil is configured to receive diffracted waves.

[0009] Optionally, the first receiving coil is an electromagnetic ultrasonic shear wave coil.

[0010] Optionally, the second receiving component includes: a second permanent magnet, a second receiving coil and a second magnetic conductive member; the second magnetic conductive member is arranged between the second receiving coil and the second permanent magnet; and the second receiving coil is exposed from the detection surface.

[0011] Optionally, the wavelength of the surface wave is a first wavelength , the second receiving coil includes: a first sub-coil and a second sub-coil; the offset distance between the first sub-coil and the second sub-coil is , the spacing between adjacent turns is ; The wire diameters of the first sub-coil and the second sub-coil are both 0.1 mm.

[0012] Optionally, the wavelength of the surface wave is a first wavelength The excitation coil includes: a first excitation sub-coil and a second excitation sub-coil; the first excitation sub-coil and the second excitation sub-coil are both arranged on the PCB board; the offset distance between the first excitation sub-coil and the second excitation sub-coil is , the spacing between adjacent turns is ; The detection range of surface waves is 0mm to 6mm; the detection range of oblique incident shear waves is 6mm to 25mm.

[0013] Optionally, the electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection further includes: a wear-resistant sheet, which is arranged on the detection surface, and the wear-resistant sheet covers the excitation coil, the first receiving component and the second receiving component.

[0014] Optionally, the electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection further includes: a wire outlet, which is opened in the shell; the excitation coil, the first receiving component and the second receiving component are connected to the excitation receiving circuit through the wire outlet.

[0015] In some embodiments, a device for wheel tread detection is provided, comprising: a plurality of fixedly connected electromagnetic ultrasonic sensors for wheel tread detection as in any one of the above embodiments.

[0016] It can be understood that the beneficial effects that can be achieved by the technical solution provided by the above-mentioned device for wheel tread detection can be referred to the beneficial effects of the electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection and any of its optional embodiments, and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a housing provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the detection principle provided in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 for Figure 1 a cross-sectional view of the illustrated embodiment; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a first receiving coil provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a second receiving coil provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of an excitation coil provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a device for wheel tread detection provided in an embodiment of the present application; Fig. 9 Another structural schematic diagram of a device for wheel tread detection provided in an embodiment of the present application; Fig.10 A schematic diagram of an application scenario of the device for wheel tread detection provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Reference numerals: 100. Electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection; 200. Device for wheel tread detection; 10. Shell; 101. Detection surface; 1011. First opening; 1012. Second opening; 1013. Third opening; 102. Installation space; 103. Wire outlet; 20, excitation coil; 201, first excitation sub-coil; 202, second excitation sub-coil; 30. First receiving component; 301. First permanent magnet; 302. First receiving coil; 303. First magnetic conductive member; 40, second receiving assembly; 401, second permanent magnet; 402, second receiving coil; 4021, first sub-coil; 4022, second sub-coil; 403, second magnetic conductive member; 50. Wheel; 60. Robotic arm; 01, first defect; 02, second defect; 03, third defect; 04, first sensor; 05, second sensor; 06, third sensor; 07, fourth sensor; 08, fifth sensor; 09, sixth sensor; 11, seventh sensor; 12, eighth sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0021] In the following, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0022] In addition, in the present application, directional terms such as "upper", "lower", "inner" and "outer" are defined relative to the orientation of the components schematically placed in the drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts. They are used for relative description and clarification, and they can change accordingly according to the changes in the orientation of the components placed in the drawings.

[0023] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the application, some concepts involved in the application are first explained below.

[0024] Train wheel tread: refers to the surface area where the train wheel contacts the rail, and is an important part of the train wheel. Its shape, design and material directly affect the running stability and comfort of the train, as well as the wear of the wheel and rail.

[0025] Near Surface Defects (NSD): refers to defects near the surface of the wheel tread area, which usually occur during operation due to factors such as friction, impact and thermal stress between the wheel and the rail. If these defects are not handled in time, they may affect the safe operation of the train and even cause serious accidents.

[0026] Internal rim cracks: refers to cracks that occur inside the train wheel, close to the rim area. Such defects are usually not easy to detect through surface inspection, but they may cause serious safety problems, especially when the cracks extend to the wheel surface or the entire wheel structure, which may cause wheel failure or even derailment accidents.

[0027] The following is a description of the related technologies involved in this application.

[0028] In the related art, surface wave sensors are used to detect surface or near-surface defects of train wheel treads, and shear wave sensors are used to detect internal rim crack defects of train wheel treads, which indicates that different sensors need to be used to detect damage to train wheel treads. In addition, the detection of natural defects is not comprehensive, and defects of all shapes and angles cannot be detected. Furthermore, when using shear waves to detect internal rim crack defects, it is also impossible to determine whether the sensor is damaged.

[0029] Therefore, the embodiment of the present application provides an electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor and device for wheel tread detection, so as to detect the surface, near-surface defects and internal rim crack defects of the train wheel tread, and realize one-time detection without blind spots based on the multiplexing sensor of surface wave and oblique incident shear wave. In addition, by utilizing the reflection and diffraction principles, it is possible to detect defects of different angles and shapes, thereby improving the comprehensiveness of defect detection. Furthermore, while the surface wave is used as a detection wave, it can also be used as a reference wave to indicate whether the sensor is damaged.

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a shell provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the detection principle provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor 100 for wheel tread detection provided by the embodiment of the present application includes: a housing 10, an excitation coil 20, a first receiving component 30 and a second receiving component 40. The housing 10 includes a detection surface 101 and an installation space 102. The detection surface 101 is provided with a first opening 1011, a second opening 1012 and a third opening 1013 in sequence. The installation space 102 is connected to the external space through the first opening 1011, the second opening 1012 and the third opening 1013. The excitation coil 20 is arranged in the installation space 102 and is located at the first opening 1011. The excitation coil 20 outputs surface waves and oblique incident transverse waves to the external space through the first opening 1011. When the surface waves and oblique incident transverse waves are transmitted to the defects of the tread of the wheel 50, reflected waves and / or diffracted waves are generated. The excitation coil 20 is connected to a power supply. The first receiving component 30 is arranged in the installation space 102 and is located at the second opening 1012. The first receiving component 30 receives the diffracted wave through the second opening 1012. The second receiving component 40 is disposed in the installation space 102 and located at the third opening 1013. The second receiving component 40 receives the reflected wave through the third opening 1013.

[0034] The electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor 100 for wheel tread detection provided in the embodiment of the present application is used to output surface waves and oblique incident transverse waves through the excitation coil 20, the first receiving component 30 receives the diffracted waves generated by the surface waves and the oblique incident transverse waves, and the second receiving component 40 receives the reflected waves generated by the surface waves and the oblique incident transverse waves, and can contact the train wheel 50 (such as Figure 3 After the defects of the tread of the train wheel 50 are detected, the reflected waves and diffracted waves are generated to determine the damage of the tread of the train wheel 50, so as to realize the detection of surface, near-surface defects and internal rim crack defects of the tread of the train wheel 50 using one sensor. In addition, while using the surface wave as the detection wave, it can be used as a reference wave to indicate whether the sensor is damaged.

[0035] Specifically, the excitation coil 20 is excited by the excitation pulse to emit a surface wave and an oblique incident transverse wave. After the surface wave and the oblique incident transverse wave propagate to the defect of the tread of the train wheel 50, a reflected wave and / or a diffracted wave is generated. Then, the first receiving component 30 receives the diffracted wave, and the second receiving component 40 receives the reflected wave. Thus, the damage condition of the tread of the train wheel 50 can be judged based on the received diffracted wave and reflected wave.

[0036] Specifically, during the propagation of the surface wave and the oblique incident shear wave, if they do not contact the defects of the tread of the train wheel 50 (i.e., the tread of the train wheel 50 is not damaged), the surface wave and the oblique incident shear wave continue to propagate. When there is no defect on the tread of the train wheel 50, the second receiving component 40 can receive a normal surface wave signal, so the surface wave can be used to detect surface or near-surface defects and can also indicate whether the sensor is working properly.

[0037] Optionally, the excitation pulse includes a first pulse and a second pulse. The first pulse is used to excite the surface wave, and the second pulse is used to excite the shear wave. The frequency of the first pulse is , the surface wave speed is , the wavelength of the surface wave is , The frequency of the second pulse is , the velocity of the shear wave is , the wavelength of the shear wave is , .

[0038] Specifically, the wavelength of the surface wave is determined based on the damage depth of the tread of the train wheel 50 , and may also be determined based on the depth of the tread of the train wheel 50 to be detected.

[0039] For example, wavelength = wave speed / frequency. The wave speed is determined after the material is determined. For example, the propagation speed of the surface wave in steel is about 3100m / s. The selected surface wave wavelength is generally determined according to the size of the defect to be detected. The smaller the defect, the smaller the wavelength selected. For example, the defect size of the tread of the train wheel 50 to be detected is about 3mm, the surface wave wavelength is selected to be 2mm, and the detectable range of the surface wave is 1.3A to 1.5A, then the surface wave detection range is 2.6mm to 3mm.

[0040] Combination Figure 2 As shown, the housing 10 includes a first opening 1011, a second opening 1012, and a third opening 1013, so as to output the surface wave and the oblique incident shear wave outputted by the excitation coil 20 to the external space through the first opening 1011. After the surface wave and the oblique incident shear wave contact the damage of the tread of the train wheel 50, a reflected wave and a diffracted wave are formed based on reflection and diffraction. The first receiving component 30 receives the diffracted wave through the second opening 1012, and the second receiving component 40 receives the reflected wave through the third opening 1013.

[0041] Optionally, the material of the housing 10 is aluminum alloy or steel. Exemplarily, the aluminum alloy is 6065 aluminum alloy, and the steel is 45 steel.

[0042] Specifically, after the excitation coil 20 , the first receiving component 30 and the second receiving component 40 are installed in the housing 10 , the installation space 102 is filled with resin to fix the relative positions of the excitation coil 20 , the first receiving component 30 and the second receiving component 40 and the housing 10 .

[0043] It should be understood that the detection surface 101 can be fully open or partially open, that is, the first opening 1011, the second opening 1012 and the third opening 1013 constitute the complete detection surface 101, or the first opening 1011, the second opening 1012 and the third opening 1013 are only openings corresponding to the excitation coil 20, the first receiving component 30 and the second receiving component 40. The embodiment of the present application does not impose any restrictions on this. It only requires that the excitation coil 20 can emit surface waves and obliquely incident transverse waves, the first receiving component 30 can receive diffracted waves, and the second receiving component 40 can receive reflected waves.

[0044] For example, in combination Figure 3 As shown, the tread of the train wheel 50 includes three damages, namely the first defect 01, the second defect 02 and the third defect 03, wherein the first defect 01 represents a surface or near-surface defect, the second defect 02 and the third defect 03 represent internal rim crack defects, the first defect 01 is within the detection range of the surface wave, and the second defect 02 and the third defect 03 are within the detection range of the oblique incident shear wave. The excitation coil 20 emits a surface wave E and an oblique incident shear wave B.

[0045] When the surface wave E encounters a surface or near-surface defect (first defect 01), diffraction occurs, generating a diffracted wave G1. G1 is acquired by the first receiving component 30, and then demodulated to confirm that the first defect 01 exists on the tread of the train wheel 50.

[0046] When the oblique incident shear wave B encounters the internal rim crack defect (the second defect 02), it is reflected and diffracted, generating a diffracted wave G2 and a reflected wave D. G2 is acquired by the first receiving component 30, and D is acquired by the second receiving component 40, and is demodulated to confirm that the second defect 02 exists on the tread of the train wheel 50.

[0047] When the oblique incident shear wave B encounters the internal rim crack defect (third defect 03), it is reflected and diffracted, generating a diffracted wave G3 and a reflected wave D. G3 is acquired by the first receiving component 30, and D is acquired by the second receiving component 40, and is demodulated to confirm that the third defect 03 exists on the tread of the train wheel 50.

[0048] It should be understood that Figure 3 The first defect 01, the second defect 02 and the third defect 03 are only schematically shown, which does not limit the shape, position and number of the defects, and the embodiments of the present application do not impose any restrictions on this.

[0049] For example, in combination Figure 3 As shown, in the electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor 100 for wheel tread detection provided by the embodiment of the present application, the detection range of the surface wave is M, and the detection range of the oblique incident shear wave is H. For example, M is 0 mm to 6 mm, and H is 6 mm to 25 mm.

[0050] For example, in combination Figure 3 As shown, the angle between the oblique incident shear wave and the horizontal direction is α, for example α=52°.

[0051] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the illustrated embodiment.

[0052] Optionally, combined Figure 4 As shown, the first receiving assembly 30 includes: a first permanent magnet 301, a first receiving coil 302 and a first magnetic conductive member 303. The first magnetic conductive member 303 is disposed between the first receiving coil 302 and the first permanent magnet 301. The first receiving coil 302 is exposed from the detection surface 101.

[0053] In this embodiment, a receiving unit for diffracted waves is constructed by the first permanent magnet 301, the first receiving coil 302 and the first magnetic conductive member 303 to receive diffracted waves generated after the surface wave and the oblique incident transverse wave propagate to the damaged tread of the train wheel 50. This facilitates judging whether the tread of the train wheel 50 has defects based on the diffracted waves.

[0054] Exemplarily, the diffracted wave is transmitted to the first receiving component 30 through the second opening 1012 .

[0055] Specifically, the first permanent magnet 301 provides a static magnetic field for the first receiving coil 302. The first magnetic conductive member 303 is a magnetic conductive non-conductive material, and the first magnetic conductive member 303 is disposed between the first permanent magnet 301 and the first receiving coil 302.

[0056] Specifically, combined Figure 4 As shown, the N pole of the first permanent magnet 301 is close to the first receiving coil 302 , and the S pole of the first permanent magnet 301 is far away from the first receiving coil 302 .

[0057] Exemplarily, the first permanent magnet 301 is a strong neodymium iron boron magnet.

[0058] Optionally, the wire diameter of the first receiving coil 302 is 0.1 mm; the first receiving coil 302 is configured to receive diffracted waves.

[0059] In this embodiment, by limiting the size of the first receiving coil 302, wiring is arranged on the PCB board according to the wire diameter of the first receiving coil 302 to realize the function of the first receiving coil 302 to receive diffraction waves, thereby facilitating judging whether the tread of the train wheel 50 is defective based on the diffraction waves.

[0060] Optionally, the first receiving coil 302 is an electromagnetic ultrasonic shear wave coil.

[0061] In this embodiment, the diffraction waves are collected by using an electromagnetic ultrasonic shear wave coil, so as to judge whether the tread of the railway wheel 50 has defects according to the diffraction waves.

[0062] Electromagnetic ultrasonic shear wave coil is a non-destructive testing device based on electromagnetic ultrasonic technology (EMAT), which is mainly used to generate and receive shear waves (also called shear waves, i.e. oblique incident shear waves in this application). Different from traditional piezoelectric ultrasound, EMAT uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to directly generate sound waves on the surface of the object being tested, without the need for coupling agents or direct contact with the object, and is suitable for testing conductive materials (such as metals).

[0063] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first receiving coil provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0064] Optionally, the first receiving coil 302 is a butterfly coil, a ring coil or a racetrack coil.

[0065] Specifically, the butterfly coil (Butterfly Coil, combined with Figure 5 (as shown) is a type of electromagnetic ultrasonic shear wave coil, mainly used to generate and detect shear waves (transverse waves). The characteristic of the butterfly coil is that its coil structure is similar to the shape of a butterfly. It usually contains two symmetrical coils, and the current flows in opposite directions in the two coils. The structure of the toroidal coil is circular or ring-shaped. Its working principle is to generate ultrasonic waves through electromagnetic induction and couple the ultrasonic waves into the detection material through the Lorentz force. The racetrack coil is a special electromagnetic ultrasonic coil that is shaped like an athletic track. The racetrack coil is usually designed as a rectangular coil with semicircular ends.

[0066] Specifically, the first receiving coil 302 is used to receive scattered energy after diffraction by near-surface or internal defects, that is, diffracted waves formed when surface waves and obliquely incident shear waves contact surface defects, near-surface defects or internal rim crack defects.

[0067] Exemplarily, the first receiving coil 302 is disposed on a PCB board to be connected to an external power source through a power bus of the PCB board.

[0068] Optionally, combined Figure 4As shown, the second receiving assembly 40 includes: a second permanent magnet 401, a second receiving coil 402 and a second magnetic conductive member 403. The second magnetic conductive member 403 is disposed between the second receiving coil 402 and the second permanent magnet 401. The second receiving coil 402 is exposed from the detection surface 101.

[0069] In this embodiment, a reflected wave receiving unit is constructed by the second permanent magnet 401, the second receiving coil 402 and the second magnetic conductive member 403 to receive the reflected waves generated after the surface waves and the oblique incident transverse waves propagate to the damaged tread of the train wheel 50. This facilitates judging whether the tread of the train wheel 50 has defects based on the reflected waves.

[0070] Specifically, if there is no damage to the tread of the train wheel 50, the surface wave will not generate a diffraction wave signal when it contacts the damage, so that the surface wave signal can be normally transmitted to the second receiving coil 402. The second receiving coil 402 can receive the normal surface wave signal, which means that the sensor is operating normally. If there is no damage to the tread of the train wheel 50 and the second receiving coil 402 does not receive the normal surface wave signal, it indicates that the sensor is damaged, and the sensor self-detection is achieved.

[0071] Specifically, the second receiving coil 402 is used to receive normal surface waves and reflected waves formed by obliquely incident shear waves passing through the internal rim crack defect through the third opening 1013 .

[0072] Specifically, the second permanent magnet 401 provides a static magnetic field for the second receiving coil 402. The second magnetic conductive member 403 is a magnetic conductive non-conductive material, and the second magnetic conductive member 403 is disposed between the second permanent magnet 401 and the second receiving coil 402.

[0073] Exemplarily, the second permanent magnet 401 is a strong NdFeB magnet.

[0074] Specifically, combined Figure 4 As shown, the S pole of the second permanent magnet 401 is close to the second receiving coil 402 , and the N pole of the second permanent magnet 401 is far away from the second receiving coil 402 .

[0075] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a second receiving coil provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0076] Optionally, combined Figure 6 As shown, the wavelength of the surface wave is the first wavelength A, and the second receiving coil 402 includes: a first sub-coil 4021 and a second sub-coil 4022; the offset distance d between the first sub-coil 4021 and the second sub-coil 4022 is 1 / 4A, and the spacing between adjacent turns is ; The wire diameters of the first sub-coil 4021 and the second sub-coil 4022 are both 0.1 mm.

[0077] In this embodiment, by limiting the staggered distance, wire diameter and adjacent turn spacing of the first sub-coil 4021 and the second sub-coil 4022, wiring is arranged on the PCB board according to the staggered distance and wire diameter, so as to realize the function of the second receiving coil 402 to receive reflected waves and surface waves, thereby facilitating the judgment of whether the tread of the train wheel 50 is defective based on the diffraction wave, and judging whether the sensor is damaged based on the surface wave.

[0078] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of the excitation coil provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0079] Optionally, combined Figure 7 As shown, the wavelength of the surface wave is the first wavelength A, and the excitation coil 20 includes: a first excitation sub-coil 201 and a second excitation sub-coil 202. The first excitation sub-coil 201 and the second excitation sub-coil 202 are both arranged on the PCB board. The offset distance between the first excitation sub-coil 201 and the second excitation sub-coil 202 is 1 / 4 A, and the spacing L between adjacent turns is A. The detection range of the surface wave is 0mm to 6mm; the detection range of the oblique incident shear wave is 6mm to 25mm.

[0080] In this embodiment, a first excitation sub-coil 201 and a second excitation sub-coil 202 are provided to respectively excite surface waves and oblique incident shear waves using the first excitation sub-coil 201 and the second excitation sub-coil 202. Specifically, a first pulse is applied to the first excitation sub-coil 201 to excite surface waves. A second pulse is applied to the second excitation sub-coil 202 to excite oblique incident shear waves.

[0081] Specifically, the frequency of the first pulse is 0.77 MHz, and the frequency of the second pulse is 1.34 MHz.

[0082] For example, when the first excitation sub-coil 201 and the second excitation sub-coil 202 are used to excite the surface wave and the oblique incident shear wave respectively, the spacing between the adjacent wires of the coils is , respectively, have a certain correspondence with the wavelength of the surface wave and the oblique incident shear wave, and the frequency is calculated based on their relationship. The angle between the oblique incident shear wave and the vertical direction is , angle The sine value of is equal to the wavelength of the oblique incident shear wave and The ratio of .

[0083] Optionally, the electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor 100 for wheel tread detection further includes: a wear-resistant sheet. The wear-resistant sheet is disposed on the detection surface 101 , and covers the excitation coil 20 , the first receiving component 30 and the second receiving component 40 .

[0084] In this embodiment, a wear-resistant sheet is provided to reduce direct contact between the excitation coil 20, the first receiving component 30, the second receiving component 40 and the tread of the train wheel 50 to be detected, so as to protect the detection surface 101 of the electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor 100 for wheel tread detection, reduce damage to the excitation coil 20, the first receiving component 30 and the second receiving component 40, and extend the service life of the electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor 100 for wheel tread detection.

[0085] Optionally, continue combining Figure 4 As shown, the electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor 100 for wheel tread detection further includes: a wire outlet 103. The wire outlet 103 is provided in the housing 10. The excitation coil 20, the first receiving component 30 and the second receiving component 40 are connected to the excitation receiving circuit through the wire outlet 103.

[0086] In this embodiment, by opening the wire outlet 103, the excitation coil 20, the first receiving component 30 and the second receiving component 40 can be connected to the excitation receiving circuit through the wire outlet 103, so that it is convenient to use the excitation pulse to excite the excitation coil 20 to emit surface waves and obliquely incident transverse waves, and it is convenient for the first receiving component 30 to receive diffracted waves and the second receiving component 40 to receive reflected waves, thereby realizing the damage detection of the tread of the train wheel 50.

[0087] Specifically, the excitation coil 20, the first receiving coil 302, and the second receiving coil 402 are all arranged on the PCB board, and the excitation coil 20, the first receiving coil 302, and the second receiving coil 402 all have power supply ports (arranged on the PCB board), and the excitation coil 20, the first receiving coil 302, and the second receiving coil 402 can be powered by the power supply line of the PCB. Exemplarily, a plurality of outlets 103 can be opened on the housing 10 for the excitation coil 20, the first receiving coil 302, and the second receiving coil 402 to be connected to an external power supply respectively, and the present application does not limit the number of outlets 103 opened.

[0088] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a device for wheel tread detection provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 9 Another schematic diagram of the structure of the device for wheel tread detection provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0089] Combination Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, the embodiment of the present application further provides a device 200 for wheel tread detection, comprising: a plurality of fixedly connected electromagnetic ultrasonic sensors 100 for wheel tread detection as in any one of the above embodiments.

[0090] The device 200 for wheel tread detection provided in the embodiment of the present application is used to set up multiple electromagnetic ultrasonic sensors 100 for wheel tread detection to comprehensively detect the tread surface, near-surface defects and internal rim crack defects of the train wheel 50. Furthermore, the availability of the sensor itself can be detected.

[0091] Exemplarily, the device 200 for wheel tread detection schematically adopts 8 electromagnetic ultrasonic sensors 100 for wheel tread detection, specifically including: a first sensor 04, a second sensor 05, a third sensor 06, a fourth sensor 07, a fifth sensor 08, a sixth sensor 09, a seventh sensor 11 and an eighth sensor 12.

[0092] For example, a first arrangement of eight electromagnetic ultrasonic sensors 100 for wheel tread detection is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, side-by-side detection is implemented, and the first damage detection is performed on the tread of the train wheel 50 using the first sensor 04, the second sensor 05, the third sensor 06 and the fourth sensor 07 respectively, and the second damage detection is performed on the tread of the train wheel 50 using the fifth sensor 08, the sixth sensor 09, the seventh sensor 11 and the eighth sensor 12, so as to improve the detection accuracy.

[0093] For example, the second arrangement of eight electromagnetic ultrasonic sensors 100 for wheel tread detection is as follows: Fig. 9 As shown, by staggering the sensors of the first row (including the first sensor 04, the second sensor 05, the third sensor 06 and the fourth sensor 07) and the second row (including the fifth sensor 08, the sixth sensor 09, the seventh sensor 11 and the eighth sensor 12), the detection gaps between the sensors in the first row are filled, so as to achieve detection without blind spots and improve the accuracy of detection.

[0094] It should be understood that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the number of electromagnetic ultrasonic sensors 100 for wheel tread detection in the device 200 for wheel tread detection, and can be set according to the width of the tread of the train wheel 50 to be detected.

[0095] For example, in combination Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, the width direction is the width direction of the tread of the train wheel 50. Assuming that the width of the tread of the train wheel 50 is 10 cm and the detectable width of each sensor is 2 cm, at least 5 electromagnetic ultrasonic sensors 100 for wheel tread detection need to be set horizontally to detect the tread of the complete wheel 50.

[0096] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of an application scenario of the device for wheel tread detection provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0097] For example, in combination Fig.10 As shown, the robotic arm 60 clamps the device 200 for wheel tread detection close to the tread of the train wheel 50, stops moving when reaching a preset position, and controls the train wheel 50 to rotate in direction F (or the opposite direction of F) to achieve damage detection of the tread of the train wheel 50.

[0098] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will easily think of other embodiments of the present application after considering the specification and practicing the application disclosed herein. The present application is intended to cover any modification, use or adaptation of the present application, which follows the general principles of the present application and includes common knowledge or customary technical means in the art that are not disclosed in the present application. The specification and examples are only regarded as exemplary, and the true scope of the present application is indicated by the claims.

[0099] It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection, characterized in that: include: A housing (10) comprising a detection surface (101) and an installation space (102), wherein the detection surface (101) is provided with a first opening (1011), a second opening (1012), and a third opening (1013) in sequence, and the installation space (102) is connected to an external space via the first opening (1011), the second opening (1012), and the third opening (1013); An excitation coil (20) is arranged in the installation space (102) and is located at the first opening (1011); the excitation coil (20) outputs surface waves and obliquely incident transverse waves to the external space through the first opening (1011); when the surface waves and the obliquely incident transverse waves are transmitted to defects on the tread of the wheel (50), reflected waves and / or diffracted waves are generated; the excitation coil (20) is connected to a power source; A first receiving component (30) is arranged in the installation space (102) and is located at the second opening (1012); the first receiving component (30) receives the diffraction wave through the second opening (1012); The second receiving component (40) is arranged in the installation space (102) and is located at the third opening (1013); the second receiving component (40) receives the reflected wave through the third opening (1013).

2. The electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first receiving component (30) comprises: A first permanent magnet (301), a first receiving coil (302) and a first magnetic conductive member (303); The first magnetic conductive member (303) is arranged between the first receiving coil (302) and the first permanent magnet (301); The first receiving coil (302) is exposed from the detection surface (101).

3. The electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wire diameter of the first receiving coil (302) is 0.1 mm; the first receiving coil (302) is configured to receive the diffracted wave.

4. The electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first receiving coil (302) is an electromagnetic ultrasonic shear wave coil.

5. The electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second receiving component (40) comprises: A second permanent magnet (401), a second receiving coil (402), and a second magnetic conductive member (403); The second magnetic conductive member (403) is arranged between the second receiving coil (402) and the second permanent magnet (401); The second receiving coil (402) is exposed from the detection surface (101).

6. The electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection according to claim 5, characterized in that: The wavelength of the surface wave is a first wavelength , the second receiving coil (402) comprises: A first sub-coil (4021) and a second sub-coil (4022); The offset distance between the first sub-coil (4021) and the second sub-coil (4022) is , the spacing between adjacent turns is ; The wire diameters of the first sub-coil (4021) and the second sub-coil (4022) are both 0.1 mm.

7. The electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wavelength of the surface wave is a first wavelength , the excitation coil (20) comprises: A first excitation sub-coil (201) and a second excitation sub-coil (202); The first excitation sub-coil (201) and the second excitation sub-coil (202) are both provided on a PCB board; the offset distance between the first excitation sub-coil (201) and the second excitation sub-coil (202) is , the spacing between adjacent turns is ; The detection range of the surface wave is 0 mm to 6 mm; The detection range of the oblique incident shear wave is 6 mm to 25 mm.

8. The electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Also includes: A wear-resistant sheet is arranged on the detection surface (101), and covers the excitation coil (20), the first receiving component (30) and the second receiving component (40).

9. The electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor for wheel tread detection according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Also includes: A wire outlet (103) is provided on the housing (10); The excitation coil (20), the first receiving component (30) and the second receiving component (40) are connected to the excitation receiving circuit via the wire outlet (103).

10. A device for wheel tread detection, characterized in that: include: A plurality of fixedly connected electromagnetic ultrasonic sensors (100) for wheel tread detection according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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