A method for assessing earthquake disaster risk in highway tunnels during operation

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel earthquake disaster risk assessment, and in particular to a method for assessing earthquake disaster risk of a highway tunnel in operation, comprising the following steps: (1) constructing a highway tunnel earthquake disaster database based on historical earthquake disaster data, wherein reference examples are selected from three aspects of earthquake disaster risk caused by geological factors, earthquake disaster risk caused by structural factors, and earthquake disaster risk caused by operation management; (2) analyzing the impact characteristics of earthquake disasters on the evaluation object based on the database, selecting tunnel disaster factors to be quantified, and constructing a disaster factor set. The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention obtains tunnel disaster factors by analyzing the impact characteristics of earthquake disasters on tunnels, and obtains the influence degrees of different disaster factors by analyzing the disaster factors, thereby obtaining the influence index of tunnel earthquake disasters according to the influence degrees, and obtaining the earthquake resistance of the tunnel by grading, thereby providing a data basis for the earthquake resistance of subsequent tunnel construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of earthquake disaster risk assessment for tunnels, and in particular to an earthquake disaster risk assessment method for highway tunnels in operation. Background Art

[0002] Tunnels are an important part of transportation. Earthquakes frequently occur in southwest my country. Once tunnels in this area are damaged, it directly affects transportation efficiency. Most tunnels were built earlier. At that time, due to backward construction technology and defects in earthquake-resistant measures, a large number of tunnels had insufficient earthquake-resistant performance. When an earthquake occurred, structural damage seriously endangered people's lives and property and affected transportation efficiency. Therefore, my country began to reinforce tunnels in operation to improve their earthquake-resistant capabilities.

[0003] However, my country has not promulgated relevant standards on earthquake resistance during the operation period of tunnels, and is unable to identify whether tunnels in operation need reinforcement. There is still a blank in the evaluation of earthquake disaster resistance. The safety of existing tunnel structures is mostly judged from the surrounding rock environment and the condition of the tunnel lining itself. There are no specific influencing factors considered for the characteristics of earthquake disasters, and other safety evaluation forms are directly adopted, which increases manpower and material costs, and also affects tunnel operations.

[0004] The TOPSIS model is a comprehensive analysis model that can be used to comprehensively evaluate different tunnels in tunnel earthquake disasters. However, in the evaluation of tunnel earthquake disasters, different tunnel factors have different degrees of influence in earthquake disasters. Therefore, when simply putting tunnel factors into the earthquake disaster system evaluation, the evaluation results are not accurate. What evaluation criteria are used for the evaluation factors in the TOPSIS model and how to make an accurate judgment on the tunnel earthquake disaster risk are also problems to be solved in this application.

[0005] Therefore, developing a method for evaluating earthquake disaster risks in highway tunnels during operation not only has urgent research value, but also has good economic benefits and industrial application potential, which is the driving force and basis for the completion of the present invention. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the inventors conducted in-depth research and completed the present invention after paying a lot of creative work.

[0007] Specifically, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a tunnel earthquake disaster risk assessment method, which provides a basis for subsequent tunnel safety protection by analyzing the possibility of tunnel earthquake disasters and disaster-causing factors.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for evaluating earthquake disaster risk of a highway tunnel during operation period comprises the following steps:

[0010] (1) Building a highway tunnel earthquake disaster database based on historical earthquake disaster data, wherein reference examples are selected from three aspects: earthquake disaster risk caused by geological factors, earthquake disaster risk caused by structural factors, and earthquake disaster risk caused by operation management;

[0011] (2) Based on the database, the impact characteristics of earthquake disasters on the evaluation object are analyzed, the tunnel disaster factors to be quantified are selected, and a disaster factor set is constructed. The evaluation object is a highway tunnel, and the disaster factor set is divided into three aspects: geological factors, structural factors, and operation and management factors;

[0012] (3) assigning values ​​to disaster-causing factors, including qualitative indicators and quantitative indicators. The qualitative indicators are assigned values ​​based on the structural damage morphology of the disaster-causing factors, while the quantitative indicators are assigned values ​​by constructing a membership function based on different influencing factors of the disaster-causing factors;

[0013] (4) After the values ​​are assigned, a standardized weighted matrix is ​​constructed to analyze the impact of disaster factors on tunnel earthquake disasters, and the standardized comprehensive weighted matrix is ​​adjusted based on the impact;

[0014] (5) The standardized comprehensive weighted matrix is ​​normalized to obtain the decision matrix, and the earthquake disaster risk index of highway tunnels is determined using the TOPSIS model;

[0015] (6) Establish a classification system for earthquake disaster risk management index and determine the earthquake disaster risk level of highway tunnels during operation based on the highway tunnel earthquake disaster risk index.

[0016] In the present invention, as an improvement, the geological factor set includes surrounding rock characteristics, side slope characteristics, fault fracture zone conditions, foundation conditions and engineering environment;

[0017] The set of tunnel structural factors includes portal form, support structure, lining section conditions and seismic facilities;

[0018] The operation management factor set includes the health status of the tunnel opening structure, the health status of the lining structure, the health status of the pavement structure, the emergency management level and the maintenance management level.

[0019] In the present invention, as an improvement, among the disaster-causing factors, various disaster-causing factors concentrated in the engineering environment and operation management factors are quantitative indicators, among which the engineering environment takes the tunnel adverse disturbance distance as an influencing factor, the health status of the portal structure takes the portal structure cracks as an influencing factor, the health status of the lining structure takes the lining structure wear and cracks as influencing factors, the health status of the pavement structure takes the pavement structure cracking as an influencing factor, the emergency management level takes the emergency evacuation time as an influencing factor, and the maintenance management level takes the maintenance personnel assessment as an influencing factor.

[0020] In the present invention, as an improvement, the analysis of the impact of disaster factors on tunnel earthquake disasters includes:

[0021] Construct tunnel earthquake disaster data model;

[0022] Based on the same earthquake disaster conditions, the parameters of a single disaster factor in the earthquake disaster data model are adjusted, the earthquake disaster data before and after the adjustment are obtained, and an earthquake disaster data curve is generated. The earthquake disaster data curves before and after the adjustment are compared to obtain the impact of the disaster factor.

[0023] In the present invention, as an improvement, the earthquake disaster conditions include earthquake parameters and various disaster factor parameters, wherein the earthquake parameters include earthquake level, focal depth and focal location, and adjusting a single disaster factor parameter in the earthquake disaster data model includes adjusting the disaster factor parameter to a minimum threshold value, and the minimum threshold value is the minimum value of the disaster factor that satisfies the tunnel bearing structure.

[0024] In the present invention, as an improvement, the standardized comprehensive weighting matrix is ​​adjusted according to the disaster factors in accordance with the impact range, including:

[0025] Screen the disaster-causing factors in the tunnel structure factor set and the operation and management factor set that meet the impact range;

[0026] In constructing the weighted matrix, add 1 to the importance value of the hazard factor;

[0027] The impact range is obtained by comparing the impact degree of each disaster-causing factor based on historical tunnel earthquake disaster data.

[0028] In the present invention, as an improvement, the TOPSIS model is used to determine the highway tunnel earthquake disaster risk management index, including:

[0029] Calculate the weight specified value v ij , determine the ideal solution;

[0030] Calculate the optimal index S in the TOPSIS model i + and the worst index S i - as follows:

[0031]

[0032] The distance between the evaluation object and the optimal index is the tunnel earthquake disaster risk index.

[0033] In the present invention, as an improvement, the earthquake disaster risk management index classification levels include:

[0034] When the tunnel earthquake disaster risk index is greater than 0 and less than 0.25, the possibility of disaster is high and the earthquake resistance of the tunnel is weak;

[0035] When the tunnel earthquake disaster risk index is greater than 0.25 and less than 0.5, the possibility of disaster is medium and the tunnel earthquake resistance is medium;

[0036] When the tunnel earthquake disaster risk index is greater than 0.5 and less than 0.75, the possibility of disaster is small and the tunnel has strong earthquake resistance;

[0037] When the tunnel earthquake disaster risk index is greater than 0.75 and less than 1, the possibility of disaster is small and the tunnel has strong earthquake resistance.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] (1) The present invention obtains tunnel disaster factors by analyzing the impact characteristics of earthquake disasters on tunnels, and obtains the influence degrees of different disaster factors by analyzing the disaster factors, thereby obtaining the impact index of tunnel earthquake disasters based on the influence degrees, and obtaining the seismic resistance of the tunnel through classification, providing a data basis for the seismic resistance of subsequent tunnel construction.

[0040] (2) The earthquake disaster risk assessment method used in the present invention can evaluate multiple tunnels at the same time, and the assessment is more accurate. Through horizontal comparison, the differences between tunnels can be clearly identified.

[0041] (3) The index system established by the present invention analyzes the influence characteristics of disaster-causing factors, thereby determining different evaluation criteria for different disaster-causing factors and assigning values ​​accordingly. This is different from the previous assignment of values ​​to the integrity of the tunnel structure, and can more clearly define the seismic resistance of the tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0043] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the process of the evaluation method of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of disaster-causing factors of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0046] A method for assessing earthquake disaster risk of highway tunnels during operation period, comprising:

[0047] 1. Construct a database based on historical highway tunnel earthquake disaster data, in which reference examples are selected from three aspects: earthquake disaster risk caused by geological factors, earthquake disaster risk caused by structural factors, and earthquake disaster risk caused by operation management;

[0048] 2. Analyze the impact characteristics of earthquake disasters on the evaluation object based on the database. The evaluation object is a highway tunnel. The earthquake disaster evaluation is based on the tunnel earthquake disaster impact factors. Not all factors that affect the tunnel structure can be used as disaster factors. Based on the impact characteristics of earthquake disasters on tunnels, select and construct an indicator factor set after selection;

[0049] 3. Assign values ​​to disaster-causing factors. The existing assignment methods can be used, including qualitative indicators and quantitative indicators. However, each disaster-causing factor needs to select an assignment indicator based on the correlation between the earthquake disaster and the disaster-causing factor. The qualitative indicator is assigned based on the structural damage morphology of the disaster-causing factor, and the quantitative indicator is assigned based on the membership function constructed by different influencing factors of the disaster-causing factor;

[0050] 4. After the assignment, a standardized weighted matrix is ​​constructed to analyze the impact of disaster factors on tunnel earthquake disasters, and the standardized weighted matrix is ​​adjusted according to the impact;

[0051] 5. Normalize the weighted standardized matrix, obtain the decision matrix, and determine the earthquake disaster risk index of highway tunnels using the TOPSIS model;

[0052] 6. Establish a classification level for earthquake disaster risk management index, and determine the earthquake disaster risk level of highway tunnels during operation based on the highway tunnel earthquake disaster risk management index.

[0053] The selection of tunnel disaster factors includes:

[0054] Build a database based on historical tunnel earthquake disaster data;

[0055] Analyze the earthquake damage factors in the database, compare the tunnel environment and structural characteristics before the earthquake, and distinguish the impact of the earthquake on the tunnel environment and structure;

[0056] Obtain the disaster-causing factors of tunnel earthquake disasters based on the degree of impact.

[0057] The tunnel disaster factors to be quantified include three directions, namely geological factors, tunnel structure and operation management. Through the analysis of earthquake disaster cases in the database, the geological factor factor set includes surrounding rock characteristics, side slope characteristics, fault fracture zone conditions, foundation conditions and engineering environment. Among the surrounding rock characteristics, rock strength and degree of fracture affect the stress and stability of the tunnel structure. Side slope refers to the side slope at the entrance and exit of the tunnel. In the tunnel earthquake disaster, it will cause slope sliding, thereby blocking the tunnel entrance and destroying the tunnel portal structure. The fault fracture zone is likely to cause fatal disasters such as structural collapse in the earthquake disaster. Foundation conditions refer to the fact that when the foundation has a high water content and encounters an earthquake, it is very easy to liquefy the soil, and the bearing capacity is greatly reduced at this time. The engineering environment refers to the disturbance of the tunnel to other projects around the tunnel.

[0058] The set of tunnel structural factors includes portal form, supporting structure, lining section conditions and seismic facilities. The type and size of the portal structure affect the degree of damage and destruction of the portal structure in the earthquake force. The material selection and connection strength of the supporting structure and the lining section conditions can resist earthquake disasters of corresponding intensity. The seismic facilities have a corresponding protection level before the earthquake.

[0059] The set of operation and management factors includes the health status of the tunnel entrance structure, the health status of the lining structure, the health status of the pavement structure, the emergency management level and the maintenance management level. The tunnel entrance section is the main deformation section of the tunnel after an earthquake. If the damage exceeds a certain degree, the tunnel entrance section will reduce its ability to resist external forces when an earthquake occurs, making the tunnel more vulnerable to damage. At the same time, the tunnel entrance section directly affects the evacuation of the tunnel after an earthquake. The lining structure is the main stress-bearing part of the tunnel and its location is hidden. It directly acts on the rock mass structure with the greatest degree of wear during the entire life cycle of the tunnel. Earthquake disasters are sudden disasters. The speed of evacuation of personnel and vehicles in the tunnel determines the extent of the disaster loss. During operation, the tunnel should repair the wear caused by normal use and respond promptly to sudden structural damage.

[0060] The disaster-causing factors are assigned values ​​using conventional qualitative and quantitative methods.

[0061] Among the disaster-causing factors, all disaster-causing factors in the engineering environment and operation management factors are quantitative indicators, and the rest are qualitative indicators. Qualitative indicators can be assigned values ​​based on the engineering conditions of the disaster-causing factors combined with engineering standards. The specific assignment standards are as follows:

[0062] The surrounding rock characteristics are qualitative indicators, with the integrity of the surrounding rock in the tunnel area, the softening of the surrounding rock, and the state of the surrounding rock with joints, faults and fissures as the assignment criteria;

[0063] The side slope characteristics are qualitative indicators, with the stability of the side slope at the tunnel entrance, the slope angle, soil quality, and anti-collapse and landslide measures as the evaluation criteria;

[0064] The fault fracture zone is a qualitative indicator, with the shear damage inside the tunnel after the earthquake, the angle of the fault, the geological movement, and the tunnel crossing conditions as the value assignment criteria;

[0065] The foundation condition is a qualitative indicator, with the foundation bearing capacity and the possibility of liquefaction of the foundation soil as the assignment criteria;

[0066] The portal form is a qualitative indicator, with the portal type, portal structure strength and size as the value assignment criteria;

[0067] The supporting structure is a qualitative indicator, with the selection of lining structure materials, lining structure thickness and construction joint connection strength as the assignment criteria;

[0068] The cross-sectional condition is a qualitative indicator, with the shape and size of the cross section as the standard for assignment;

[0069] Anti-seismic measures are qualitative indicators, with the number of shock-absorbing components and the degree of wear and aging of components tested on site as the assignment criteria.

[0070] Among the quantitative indicators, the engineering environment is affected by the distance of adverse disturbance to the tunnel, the health status of the portal structure is affected by the cracks in the portal structure, the health status of the lining structure is affected by the wear and cracks in the lining structure, the health status of the pavement structure is affected by the cracking of the pavement structure, the emergency management level is affected by the duration of emergency evacuation, and the maintenance management level is affected by the assessment of maintenance personnel.

[0071] After the assignment, the influence of disaster factors on tunnel earthquake disasters is analyzed, including: using finite element analysis software to construct a tunnel earthquake disaster data model, the model is initially constructed with the same earthquake disaster conditions, the earthquake disaster conditions include earthquake parameters such as earthquake level, focal depth and focal location, and various disaster factor parameters;

[0072] Based on the same earthquake disaster conditions, the single disaster factor parameter in the earthquake disaster data model is adjusted to the lowest threshold, the earthquake disaster data before and after the adjustment are obtained and the earthquake disaster data curve is generated. The functional relationship between the earthquake disaster data curve and the single disaster factor parameter is:

[0073] b=f(a,a1,a2,a3.....a θ )

[0074] Among them, a is a certain disaster factor parameter.

[0075] Comparison of earthquake disaster data curves before and after adjustment shows the influence of a single disaster factor on earthquake disasters, and the disaster factors that meet the influence range are screened. The importance of the disaster factors that meet the influence range is increased in the construction of the weighted matrix. The influence screening range is obtained by comparing the influence of each disaster factor based on the historical data of tunnel earthquake disasters. The specific adjustments are as follows: the disaster factors under the tunnel structure factor set and the operation and management factor set are screened, and the earthquake disaster data curves before and after adjustment are compared to obtain the influence of each disaster factor. Based on the impact characteristics of earthquakes on tunnels in the earthquake disaster database, the influence of each disaster factor is compared through expert review to obtain the disaster factors that need to be adjusted, including the health status of the portal structure, the health status of the lining structure, the fault fracture zone and the foundation conditions. When constructing the weight matrix for the secondary factors of the above disaster factors, the value is added by 1.

[0076] The specific calculation is as follows:

[0077] Secondary indicators of disaster factors:

[0078]

[0079] Increasing importance translates into:

[0080]

[0081] After the assignment, the analytic hierarchy process is used to construct the disaster factor evaluation matrix and calculate the factor index weights. The judgment matrix is ​​as follows:

[0082]

[0083] After normalizing the matrix and checking its consistency, the indicator weights are obtained. The weighted matrix is ​​constructed by the indicator weights and standardized to obtain the standardized weighted matrix, which is as follows:

[0084] Determine the correlation matrix:

[0085] R=(r jk ) np

[0086] Where:

[0087]

[0088] Find the eigenvalues ​​of R:

[0089] λ1≥λ2≥…≥λ1>0

[0090] Calculate the contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate, the contribution rate of the kth indicator:

[0091]

[0092] Cumulative contribution rate:

[0093]

[0094] According to the principle that the cumulative contribution rate is greater than 85%, the number of principal components m is determined, and the principal component equation is established:

[0095]

[0096] Substitute into the TOPSIS model.

[0097] In the TOPSIS model, the weight specified value v is calculated by the formula to determine the ideal solution:

[0098]

[0099] Calculate the optimal target S + and the worst target S - :

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] Among them: J is J = 1, ..., n|j is the optimal target attribute, J' is J = 1, ..., n|j is the worst target attribute, and each evaluation object is S + and S - The distance can be calculated as follows:

[0103]

[0104] Among them, the closer the object is to the target, the lower the S value.

[0105] The proximity between the target to be evaluated and the optimal target is the highway tunnel earthquake disaster risk index, and the highway tunnel earthquake disaster risk management index c i *Calculation is as follows:

[0106]

[0107] Among them, the numerical value is negatively correlated with the evaluation effect, that is, the lower the numerical value, the greater the possibility of earthquake risk, and the greater the earthquake risk, the weaker the tunnel's ability to resist earthquake disasters.

[0108] The classification levels of earthquake disaster risk management index are as follows:

[0109] The highway tunnel earthquake disaster risk index ranges from 0 to 1, where:

[0110] When 0≤c i *<0.25, the possibility of disaster is high and the earthquake resistance of the tunnel is weak;

[0111] When 0.25≤ci *<0.50, the possibility of disaster is medium and the tunnel has medium earthquake resistance;

[0112] When 0.50≤c i *<0.75, the possibility of disaster is small and the tunnel has strong earthquake resistance;

[0113] When 0.75≤c i *<1.00, the possibility of disaster is small, and the tunnel has strong earthquake resistance.

[0114] Embodiment 1:

[0115] In this embodiment, there are four highway tunnels in operation in the same seismic activity zone. The earthquake disaster resistance capacity of the four highway tunnels in operation is evaluated respectively. In order to evaluate the strength of the earthquake disaster resistance capacity of the four tunnels, calculation and analysis are performed using the above method.

[0116] After constructing the indicator factor set, the indicator factors are assigned values ​​according to the following assignment criteria:

[0117] The surrounding rock characteristics are qualitative indicators, which should reflect the integrity of the surrounding rock in the tunnel area and the softening of the surrounding rock. The monitoring method uses on-site geological radar combined with geological survey reports to detect dangerous parts of the tunnel, and the monitoring results are assigned as follows:

[0118] The side slope characteristics are qualitative indicators, which are mainly reflected in the stability of the side slope at the tunnel entrance. The monitoring objects are the slope angle, soil quality, and anti-collapse and landslide measures of the side slope. The side slope grades are divided and corresponding scores are assigned. The on-site conditions are assigned values ​​through qualitative indicators:

[0119]

[0120] The fault fracture zone is a qualitative indicator, which is mainly reflected in the shear damage inside the tunnel after an earthquake. The monitoring objects are the angle of the fault, the geological movement, and the tunnel crossing. The project is assigned values ​​through geological survey reports and construction drawings:

[0121]

[0122] The foundation condition is a qualitative indicator, which mainly considers the bearing capacity of the foundation and the possibility of liquefaction of the foundation soil. The values ​​are assigned as follows:

[0123] The portal form is a qualitative indicator, which is mainly reflected in the monitoring objects such as the portal type, portal structure strength and size. The project is assigned a value by examining the structure type, on-site sampling and testing, and construction drawings:

[0124] The supporting structure is a qualitative indicator, which is mainly reflected in the selection of lining structure materials, lining structure thickness and construction joint connection strength:

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] The cross-sectional condition is a qualitative indicator, which is mainly reflected in the shape and size of the cross-section and is determined through on-site observation.

[0128] Cross-section condition detection grading and value assignment standard

[0129]

[0130] Anti-seismic measures are qualitative indicators. The number of shock-absorbing components used in the construction is checked by consulting the special construction plan, and the degree of wear and aging of the components is tested on site.

[0131] Standard for grading and assigning values ​​to earthquake-proof measures

[0132]

[0133] The engineering environment is a quantitative indicator, which is mainly reflected in the adverse disturbance of the evaluated tunnel by other nearby engineering construction. Through on-site investigation, the distance is used as the basis and substituted into the membership function:

[0134]

[0135]

[0136] The health status of the opening structure is a quantitative indicator, which is mainly reflected in the wear of the structure. A membership function is established and the score is obtained through structural cracks.

[0137] Membership function of health status of opening structure

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] The health status of the lining structure is a quantitative indicator, which is mainly reflected in the wear of the structure. A membership function is established and the score is obtained through structural cracks.

[0141] Lining structure membership function

[0142]

[0143]

[0144] The health status of the pavement structure is a quantitative indicator, which is mainly reflected in the wear of the structure. A membership function is established and the score is obtained through structural cracks.

[0145] Membership function of pavement structure health status

[0146]

[0147]

[0148] The emergency management level is a quantitative indicator. The main contents of the evaluation of management personnel during the operation period include the business capabilities of sudden earthquake emergency management personnel, and the evaluation values ​​are substituted into the membership function.

[0149] Membership function of emergency management level

[0150]

[0151] The maintenance management level is a quantitative indicator, which is substituted into the membership function by examining the professional quality of maintenance personnel.

[0152] Maintenance management level membership function

[0153]

[0154]

[0155] According to the above evaluation criteria, the evaluation results of 14 indicators of the four tunnels A, B, C and D are as follows:

[0156] tunnel <![CDATA[A1]]> <![CDATA[A2]]> <![CDATA[A3]]> <![CDATA[A4]]> <![CDATA[A5]]> <![CDATA[A6]]> <![CDATA[A7]]> <![CDATA[A8]]> <![CDATA[A9]]> <![CDATA[A 10 ]]> <![CDATA[A 11 ]]> <![CDATA[A 12 ]]> <![CDATA[A 13 ]]> <![CDATA[A 14 ]]> First 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.8 0 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4 Second 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.6 C 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.6 Man 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.2 0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.2

[0157] After standardization, the standardized matrix is ​​as follows:

[0158] 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0.5 0 0.5 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 0 0 1 0.5 0 0 0.5 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0.5 0 0 1 0 0.5 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0.25 0 1 1 1 1 0

[0159] By constructing the model comparison curve, it is found that if the health status of the tunnel structure, the lining structure and the pavement structure is assigned a value of more than 0.8, the importance in the determination of the secondary index will increase by 1.

[0160]

[0161] Convert to

[0162]

[0163] Among them, the value of A10 assigned to the health status of the tunnel entrance structure exceeds 0.8, and the weight discrimination matrix must be adjusted. The adjusted comprehensive weighted matrix is:

[0164]

[0165] Use the following formula to calculate the positive and negative ideal distances:

[0166]

[0167] The relative closeness to the optimal target is calculated by the following formula:

[0168]

[0169] The larger the value, the smaller the earthquake risk and the stronger the tunnel's earthquake resistance. The calculation results of the four tunnels are as follows:

[0170] tunnel <![CDATA[Positive ideal solution distance D + > <![CDATA[Negative ideal solution distance D - > <![CDATA[Safety Management Index C * i > Earthquake resistance First 0.632 0.621 0.495 medium Second 0.588 0.601 0.505 Strong C 0.632 0.655 0.509 Strong Man 0.598 0.633 0.514 Strong

[0171] The four tunnels' earthquake resistance capabilities are ranked from strong to weak as D, C, B, and A.

Claims

1. A method for assessing earthquake disaster risk in a highway tunnel during operation, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Building a highway tunnel earthquake disaster database based on historical earthquake disaster data, wherein reference examples are selected from three aspects: earthquake disaster risk caused by geological factors, earthquake disaster risk caused by structural factors, and earthquake disaster risk caused by operation management; (2) Based on the database, the impact characteristics of earthquake disasters on the evaluation object are analyzed, the tunnel disaster factors to be quantified are selected, and a disaster factor set is constructed. The evaluation object is a highway tunnel, and the disaster factor set is divided into three aspects: geological factors, structural factors, and operation and management factors; (3) assigning values ​​to disaster-causing factors, including qualitative indicators and quantitative indicators. The qualitative indicators are assigned values ​​based on the structural damage morphology of the disaster-causing factors, while the quantitative indicators are assigned values ​​by constructing a membership function based on different influencing factors of the disaster-causing factors; (4) After the values ​​are assigned, a standardized weighted matrix is ​​constructed to analyze the impact of disaster factors on tunnel earthquake disasters, and the standardized comprehensive weighted matrix is ​​adjusted according to the disaster factors that meet the impact range; (5) The standardized comprehensive weighted matrix is ​​normalized to obtain the decision matrix, and the earthquake disaster risk index of highway tunnels is determined using the TOPSIS model; (6) Establish a classification level of earthquake disaster risk management index, and determine the earthquake disaster risk level of highway tunnels during operation based on the highway tunnel earthquake disaster risk index; Analysis of the impact of disaster factors on tunnel earthquake disasters includes: Construct tunnel earthquake disaster data model; Based on the same earthquake disaster conditions, adjust the parameters of a single disaster factor in the earthquake disaster data model, obtain earthquake disaster data before and after the adjustment and generate an earthquake disaster data curve, and compare the earthquake disaster data curves before and after the adjustment to obtain the impact of the disaster factor; The earthquake disaster conditions include earthquake parameters and disaster factor parameters, wherein the earthquake parameters include earthquake level, focal depth and focal location. In the earthquake disaster data model, a single disaster factor parameter is an independent variable, and the disaster factor parameter is adjusted to a minimum threshold value, and the minimum threshold value is the minimum value of the disaster factor that satisfies the tunnel bearing structure.

2. The method for evaluating earthquake disaster risk of a highway tunnel in operation according to claim 1 is characterized by: The geological factor set includes surrounding rock characteristics, side slope characteristics, fault fracture zone conditions, foundation conditions and engineering environment; The set of tunnel structural factors includes portal form, support structure, lining section conditions and seismic facilities; The operation management factor set includes the health status of the tunnel opening structure, the health status of the lining structure, the health status of the pavement structure, the emergency management level and the maintenance management level.

3. The method for evaluating earthquake disaster risk in a highway tunnel during operation according to claim 2 is characterized by: Among the disaster-causing factors, all the disaster-causing factors concentrated in the engineering environment and operation management factors are quantitative indicators. Among them, the engineering environment is affected by the adverse disturbance distance of the tunnel, the health status of the portal structure is affected by the cracks of the portal structure, the health status of the lining structure is affected by the wear and cracks of the lining structure, the health status of the pavement structure is affected by the cracking of the pavement structure, the emergency management level is affected by the emergency evacuation time, and the maintenance management level is affected by the assessment of maintenance personnel.

4. The method for evaluating earthquake disaster risk of highway tunnels in operation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The standardized comprehensive weighting matrix adjusted by the hazard factors that meet the impact range includes: Screen the disaster-causing factors that meet the impact range in the tunnel structure factor set and the operation and management factor set; In constructing the weighted matrix, add 1 to the importance value of the hazard factor; The influence degree range is obtained by comparing the influence degree of each disaster-causing factor based on the historical data of tunnel earthquake disasters.

5. The method for evaluating earthquake disaster risk of highway tunnels in operation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The highway tunnel earthquake disaster risk management index determined by the TOPSIS model includes: Calculate the weight specified value v ij , determine the ideal solution; Calculate the optimal index S in the TOPSIS model i + and the worst index S i - as follows: The distance between the tunnel earthquake disaster assessment object and the optimal index is the tunnel earthquake disaster risk index.

6. The method for evaluating earthquake disaster risk of highway tunnels in operation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The earthquake disaster risk management index classification levels include: When the tunnel earthquake disaster risk index is greater than 0 and less than 0.25, the possibility of disaster is high and the earthquake resistance of the tunnel is weak; When the tunnel earthquake disaster risk index is greater than 0.25 and less than 0.5, the possibility of disaster is medium and the tunnel earthquake resistance is medium; When the tunnel earthquake disaster risk index is greater than 0.5 and less than 0.75, the possibility of disaster is small and the tunnel has strong earthquake resistance; When the tunnel earthquake disaster risk index is greater than 0.75 and less than 1, the possibility of disaster is small and the tunnel has strong earthquake resistance.

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