Building full life cycle carbon effect quantification method considering time dynamics

Abstract

The invention discloses a building full-life-cycle carbon effect quantification method considering time dynamics. The method comprises the following steps: step 1) building full-life-cycle staged dynamic consumption data collection; 2) dynamic list analysis; step 3) dynamic characterization; and 4) dynamic weighting and carbon effect quantification. The method has the beneficial effects that a plurality of variables dynamically changing along with time, such as family scale, personnel use behaviors, equipment replacement, waste disposal, energy structure, characterization factors and weight factors, of the residential building are fully considered, and the method for quantifying the dynamic carbon effect of the building in the full life cycle is developed; potential dynamic changes of the building in a long period can be brought into quantitative analysis, an operable dynamic evaluation normal form and a model method can be provided for carbon effect evaluation of the building, and carbon reduction and sustainable development of the residential building can be scientifically promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for quantifying carbon effects of a building over its entire life cycle taking into account time dynamics, and belongs to the field of building carbon emission evaluation. Background Art

[0002] With the process of industrialization and the continuous expansion of energy demand, global greenhouse gas emissions have risen sharply. As one of the pillar industries, the construction industry has a total carbon emission of 5.01 billion tCO2 in the whole process of construction by 2021, accounting for 47.1% of energy-related carbon emissions. In order to achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality as soon as possible, and to provide technical support for carbon assessment and carbon emission reduction in the construction field, it is of great value to conduct research on the carbon emission impact of the whole life cycle of buildings. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an important environmental assessment and management method internationally. However, the current quantification of carbon effects in the whole life cycle of buildings usually uses static measurements, without considering the potential time changes during the long life of buildings, and ignoring the important role of time information. Considering various types of dynamic variables and the importance of time changes in carbon effect quantification can improve the accuracy of comprehensive assessment of building carbon emissions. In addition, the importance of carbon effect quantification at different times is affected by many different external conditions and changes over time. However, in traditional LCA research, this time change is usually ignored and lacks a certain time dimension. Summary of the invention

[0003] Technical problem, this invention establishes a dynamic carbon effect quantification model for the whole life cycle of buildings based on LCA theory, collects dynamic consumption data on the basis of fully considering the potential changes of multiple variables such as family size, personnel energy consumption behavior, component renewal and replacement, demolition waste recycling and disposal, energy structure, etc. in the whole life cycle of buildings, and evaluates the dynamic carbon effect impact of residential buildings in the whole life cycle through dynamic inventory analysis, dynamic characterization, dynamic weighting and carbon effect quantification. The whole evaluation process is as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 shown.

[0004] Technical solution, in order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a method for quantifying the carbon effect of a building's entire life cycle taking into account time dynamics, the method comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step 1) Collect the material and energy consumption data of the assessed building at each stage of its life cycle with an annual time step, and consider the changes in multiple variables such as household size, personnel energy consumption behavior, energy structure, building envelope performance, and demolition waste recycling and disposal over time during the building's life cycle;

[0006] Step 2) Based on the material and energy consumption data collected in step 1), analyze the greenhouse gases generated during the production and use of building materials and energy, and calculate the annual total emissions of three types of greenhouse gases: CO2, CH4 and N2O;

[0007] Step 3) using dynamic characteristic factors to measure the characteristic potential value of the warming effect generated by the dynamic greenhouse gas emissions in step 2);

[0008] Step 4) Combined with the carbon emission control requirements in different periods, a dynamic weight factor is constructed to characterize the importance differences of the warming effect in different periods, and combined with the characterized potential value in step 3) to obtain the dynamic carbon effect value of the building's entire life cycle.

[0009] Furthermore, the implementation of step 1 includes the following steps:

[0010] Step 1-1) Divide the entire life cycle of a building into the pre-use materialization stage, the operation stage, the maintenance and renewal stage, and the demolition and disposal stage, and quantify the relevant dynamic consumption respectively; for the pre-use materialization stage of a building, divide the various projects of the construction activities into several sub-projects according to the technical and management attributes, obtain the engineering quantity data list of each sub-project through the construction drawings or building information model, and convert the engineering quantity data into consumption data of various types of building materials, resources and energy in combination with the local engineering quota. During the construction process, the consumption of the kth building material in the tth year is recorded as mb k (t), the consumption of the i-th energy caused by the use of construction and transportation machinery and equipment in year t is recorded as eb i (t);

[0011] Step 1-2) Evaluate the energy consumption of residential buildings during the operation phase. The size of the household changes dynamically over time, and the calculation formula for energy consumption is adjusted as shown in formula (1). Considering that the use behavior of equipment by people in residential buildings also changes dynamically, the average number of household equipment, usage intensity, and usage time are used as research objects to construct a dynamic adjustment factor for the number of corresponding equipment, which is calculated as shown in formula (2), a dynamic adjustment factor for the intensity of equipment use, which is calculated as shown in formula (3), and a dynamic adjustment factor for the length of equipment use, which is calculated as shown in formula (4). The above dynamic adjustment factors are included in the calculation to obtain the final dynamic energy consumption, which is calculated as shown in formula (5).

[0012]

[0013] in, is the energy consumption value of household equipment j in year t under the dynamic change of household type, kg;

[0014] eo(j,i) is the annual energy consumption benchmark value of household equipment j of the i-th household type, kg;

[0015] s(i,t) is the proportion of the ith family type among all family types in year t;

[0016] f N (j,t) is the quantity adjustment factor for household equipment j in year t;

[0017] α1(j) is the quantity adjustment coefficient of household equipment j;

[0018] f I (j,t) is the usage intensity adjustment factor of household equipment j in year t;

[0019] β1(j) is the usage intensity adjustment coefficient of household equipment j;

[0020] f T (j,t) is the usage time adjustment factor of household equipment j in year t;

[0021] γ1(j) is the usage time adjustment coefficient of household appliance j;

[0022] is the average energy consumption of a single household in year t under the dynamic changes of household type and equipment usage behavior, kg;

[0023] Step 1-3) Evaluate the consumption related to the maintenance and renewal stage. According to the recommended life value of the building components / parts, determine the types of components / parts that need to be updated, the number of updates and the time point. From this, calculate the material consumption in the maintenance and renewal stage, which is calculated as formula (6), and the resource / energy consumption, which is calculated as formula (7);

[0024] mc k (t) = m rk (t)·n r (t) (6)

[0025] ec i (t) = c ri (t)·n r (t) (7)

[0026] mc k (t) is the total mass of the kth material consumed for maintenance and renewal in year t, kg;

[0027] m rk (t) is the mass of the kth material consumed in the construction activity of updating a single component / part r in year t, kg;

[0028] n r (t) is the number of components / parts r that need to be replaced in year t;

[0029] eci (t) is the consumption of the i-th resource / energy in the component maintenance and renewal construction activities in year t, kg;

[0030] c ri (t) is the mass of the i-th resource / energy required for the construction activity of updating a single component / part r in year t, kg;

[0031] Step 1-4) evaluates the consumption in the demolition and disposal stage, including both the material consumption saved by recycling the waste materials, which is calculated as formula (8), and the resource / energy consumption required for recycling the waste materials, which is calculated as formula (9);

[0032] md k (t) = -w k ·rc k (t) (8)

[0033]

[0034] md k (t) is the consumption of the kth material by construction waste recycling in year t, kg;

[0035] W k is the mass of the kth material in the construction waste, kg;

[0036] rc k (t) is the recycling rate of the kth material in year t;

[0037] ed i (t) is the consumption of the i-th resource / energy in the process of construction waste recycling in the t-th year, kg;

[0038] c ki The mass of the ith resource / energy required to recycle a unit mass of the kth material, kg.

[0039] Furthermore, the implementation of step 2 includes the following steps:

[0040] 2-1) Based on the prediction of energy structure changes in the future preset period, a dynamic greenhouse gas emissions data set of comprehensive energy is constructed, and the calculation is shown in formula (10);

[0041]

[0042] Among them, iij(t) is the greenhouse gas emission data of unit mass comprehensive energy i in year t, that is, the mass of type j greenhouse gas required to produce 1kgce comprehensive energy i; a q (t) is the proportion of energy item q in total energy in year t; b qis the conversion coefficient of the sub-item energy q relative to standard coal; if qj is the basic greenhouse gas emission data per unit mass of energy q, that is, the mass of type j greenhouse gas required to be emitted to produce unit mass of energy q;

[0043] 2-2) Using the comprehensive energy dynamic greenhouse gas emission data set constructed in step 2-1), combined with the full life cycle material and energy consumption data obtained in step 1, calculate the total annual dynamic emissions of three greenhouse gases: CO2, CH4 and N2O. The calculation is shown in formula (11);

[0044] GHG(t)=M k (t)×IF k +E i (t)×IF i (t) (11)

[0045] The consumption of one material in the whole life cycle of the building in the tth year is m1(t), while the consumption of k materials in the whole life cycle of the building in the tth year is m. k (t) Dynamic consumption matrix of constituent materials M k (t), calculated as shown in formula (12);

[0046] M k (t)=[m1(t) … m k (t)] (12)

[0047] Among them, IF k is the greenhouse gas emission matrix, if kj is the emission of the jth type of greenhouse gas emitted by the kth material, where there are k types of materials and , types of greenhouse gases, calculated as shown in formula (13);

[0048]

[0049] The consumption of the first resource / energy in the life cycle of the building in the tth year is e1(t) to the consumption of the i-th resource / energy in the life cycle of the building in the tth year is e i (t) constitutes the energy dynamic consumption matrix E i (t), calculated as shown in formula (14);

[0050] E i (t)=[e1(t) … e i (t)] (14)

[0051] Among them, IF i (t) is the energy dynamic greenhouse gas emissions matrix for year t, if ij(t) is the emission of type j greenhouse gas emitted by the i-th resource / energy, where there are i types of resources / energy and j types of greenhouse gases, calculated as shown in formula (15);

[0052]

[0053] m k (t) = mb k (t)+mc k (t)+md k (t) (16)

[0054]

[0055] GHG(t) is a dynamic matrix of greenhouse gas emissions with 1 row and j columns;

[0056] M k (t) is a 1-row, k-column dynamic consumption matrix of k types of materials in the entire life cycle of the building in year t;

[0057] IF k is the greenhouse gas emission matrix of materials with k rows and j columns;

[0058] E i (t) is a 1-row i-column energy dynamic consumption matrix;

[0059] IF i (t) is the dynamic greenhouse gas emission matrix of energy with i rows and j columns;

[0060] m k (t) is the consumption of the kth material in the whole life cycle of the building in the tth year, kg;

[0061] e i (t) is the consumption of the i-th resource / energy in the entire life cycle of the building in the t-th year, kg.

[0062] Furthermore, the implementation of step 3 includes the following steps:

[0063] Step 3-1) Take the absolute global warming potential equation of each greenhouse gas and continuously integrate it over time to obtain the instantaneous dynamic characterization factor, calculated as shown in formula (18);

[0064]

[0065] c j (t) = e -t / τ (19)

[0066] Among them, dcf j(t) is the instantaneous dynamic characterization factor of the jth greenhouse gas in year t, that is, the impact of the jth greenhouse gas on climate warming, W / (m 2 kg);

[0067] θ j is the instantaneous radiative forcing value caused by the increase of each unit mass of the jth greenhouse gas in the atmosphere;

[0068] j takes values ​​of 1, 2, and 3, representing CO2, CH4, and N2O, respectively;

[0069] c j (t) is the atmospheric load of the jth greenhouse gas varying with time in year t;

[0070] τ is the greenhouse gas lifetime;

[0071] Step 3-2) Calculate the characteristic potential value of the warming effect caused by the dynamic greenhouse gas emissions, as shown in formula (20);

[0072] eip(t)=GHG(t)×DCF(t) (20)

[0073] Where DCF(t) is the matrix composed of the characteristic factors of unit mass of greenhouse gas of type j in year t, as shown in formula (21);

[0074]

[0075] Where eip(t) is the characteristic potential value of the warming effect caused by greenhouse gas emissions in year t.

[0076] Furthermore, the implementation of step 4 includes the following steps:

[0077] 4-1) According to the steps of the life cycle assessment, standardization is performed, and the characteristic value of per capita climate warming is used as the standardization benchmark, and the calculation is shown in formula (22);

[0078]

[0079] Among them, n s is the standardization factor; eip(t0) is the environmental impact characterization value in the base year t0, kg eq. / a; p(t0) is the total population of the affected area in the base year t0;

[0080] 4-2) The carbon emission control index of greenhouse gases in different periods is used as the target level to construct a dynamic weight factor, and the calculation is shown in formula (23);

[0081]

[0082] Among them, wf(t) is the weight factor when year t is selected as the target year;

[0083] 4-3) The dynamic carbon effect value of the building's entire life cycle is calculated using the warming effect characterization potential value generated by dynamic greenhouse gas emissions and the dynamic weight factor, as shown in formula (24);

[0084] dgwi(t) instantaneous =eip(t)·n s ·wf(t) (24)

[0085] Among them, dgwi(t) instantaneous is the instantaneous dynamic carbon effect in year t, W / m 2 .

[0086] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0087] (1) Propose the composition of dynamic evaluation factors in building LCA evaluation, conduct quantitative research on its dynamic changes, make up for the lack of time information in traditional evaluation, and promote the integration of dynamic evaluation factors and LCA paradigm;

[0088] (2) Clarifying the quantitative methods and parameters of dynamic evaluation factors has reference value for promoting the transformation of DLCA evaluation towards standardization and process-based evaluation;

[0089] (3) A method for quantifying the dynamic carbon effect of a building over its entire life cycle has been developed. This method can incorporate the potential dynamic changes of a building over a long period of time into the quantitative analysis and provide an operational dynamic assessment paradigm and model method for the carbon effect assessment of a building, which will help to scientifically promote carbon reduction and sustainable development of residential buildings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0090] Figure 1 A process for quantifying the dynamic carbon effects of buildings over their entire life cycle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0091] The technical solution is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0092] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a method for quantifying the carbon effect of a building throughout its life cycle taking into account time dynamics, the method comprising the following steps:

[0093] Step 1) Collect the material and energy consumption data of the assessed building at each stage of its life cycle with an annual time step, and consider the changes in multiple variables such as household size, personnel energy consumption behavior, energy structure, building envelope performance, and demolition waste recycling and disposal over time during the building's life cycle;

[0094] Step 2) Based on the material and energy consumption data collected in step 1), analyze the greenhouse gases generated during the production and use of building materials and energy, and calculate the annual total emissions of three types of greenhouse gases: CO2, CH4 and N2O;

[0095] Step 3) using dynamic characteristic factors to measure the characteristic potential value of the warming effect generated by the dynamic greenhouse gas emissions in step 2);

[0096] Step 4) Combined with the carbon emission control requirements in different periods, a dynamic weight factor is constructed to characterize the importance differences of the warming effect in different periods, and combined with the characterized potential value in step 3) to obtain the dynamic carbon effect value of the building's entire life cycle.

[0097] Furthermore, the implementation of step 1 includes the following steps:

[0098] Step 1-1) Divide the entire life cycle of a building into the pre-use materialization stage, the operation stage, the maintenance and renewal stage, and the demolition and disposal stage, and quantify the relevant dynamic consumption respectively; for the pre-use materialization stage of a building, divide the various projects of the construction activities into several sub-projects according to the technical and management attributes, obtain the engineering quantity data list of each sub-project through the construction drawings or building information model, and convert the engineering quantity data into consumption data of various types of building materials, resources and energy in combination with the local engineering quota. During the construction process, the consumption of the kth building material in the tth year is recorded as mb k (t), the consumption of the i-th energy caused by the use of construction and transportation machinery and equipment in year t is recorded as eb i (t);

[0099] Step 1-2) Evaluate the energy consumption of residential buildings during the operation phase. The size of the household changes dynamically over time, and the calculation formula for energy consumption is adjusted as shown in formula (1). Considering that the use behavior of equipment by people in residential buildings also changes dynamically, the average number of household equipment, usage intensity, and usage time are used as research objects to construct a dynamic adjustment factor for the number of corresponding equipment, which is calculated as shown in formula (2), a dynamic adjustment factor for the intensity of equipment use, which is calculated as shown in formula (3), and a dynamic adjustment factor for the length of equipment use, which is calculated as shown in formula (4). The above dynamic adjustment factors are included in the calculation to obtain the final dynamic energy consumption, which is calculated as shown in formula (5).

[0100]

[0101] in, is the energy consumption value of household equipment j in year t under the dynamic change of household type, kg;

[0102] eo(j, i) is the annual energy consumption benchmark value of household equipment j of the i-th household type, kg;

[0103] s(i, t) is the proportion of the ith family type in all family types in year t;

[0104] f N (j, t) is the quantity adjustment factor for household equipment j in year t;

[0105] α1(j) is the quantity adjustment coefficient of household equipment j;

[0106] f I (j, t) is the usage intensity adjustment factor of household equipment j in year t;

[0107] β1(j) is the usage intensity adjustment coefficient of household equipment j;

[0108] f T (j, t) is the usage time adjustment factor of household equipment j in year t;

[0109] γ1(j) is the usage time adjustment coefficient of household appliance j;

[0110] is the average energy consumption of a single household in year t under the dynamic changes of household type and equipment usage behavior, kg;

[0111] Step 1-3) Evaluate the consumption related to the maintenance and renewal stage. According to the recommended life value of the building components / parts, determine the types of components / parts that need to be updated, the number of updates and the time point. From this, calculate the material consumption in the maintenance and renewal stage, which is calculated as formula (6), and the resource / energy consumption, which is calculated as formula (7);

[0112] mc k (t) = m rk (t)·n r (t) (6)

[0113] ec i (t) = c ri (t)·n r (t) (7)

[0114] mc k (t) is the total mass of the kth material consumed for maintenance and renewal in year t, kg;

[0115] m rk (t) is the mass of the kth material consumed in the construction activity of updating a single component / part r in year t, kg;

[0116] n r (t) is the number of components / parts r that need to be replaced in year t;

[0117] eci (t) is the consumption of the i-th resource / energy in the component maintenance and renewal construction activities in year t, kg;

[0118] c ri (t) is the mass of the i-th resource / energy required for the construction activity of updating a single component / part r in year t, kg;

[0119] Step 1-4) evaluates the consumption in the demolition and disposal stage, including both the material consumption saved by recycling the waste materials, which is calculated as formula (8), and the resource / energy consumption required for recycling the waste materials, which is calculated as formula (9);

[0120] md k (t) = -w k ·rc k (t) (8)

[0121]

[0122] md k (t) is the consumption of the kth material by construction waste recycling in year t, kg;

[0123] w k is the mass of the kth material in the construction waste, kg;

[0124] rc k (t) is the recycling rate of the kth material in year t;

[0125] ed i (t) is the consumption of the i-th resource / energy in the process of construction waste recycling in the t-th year, kg;

[0126] c ki The mass of the ith resource / energy required to recycle a unit mass of the kth material, kg.

[0127] Furthermore, the implementation of step 2 includes the following steps:

[0128] 2-1) Based on the prediction of energy structure changes in the future preset period, a dynamic greenhouse gas emissions data set of comprehensive energy is constructed, and the calculation is shown in formula (10);

[0129]

[0130] Among them, iij(t) is the greenhouse gas emission data of unit mass comprehensive energy i in year t, that is, the mass of type j greenhouse gas required to produce 1kgce comprehensive energy i; a q (t) is the proportion of energy item q in total energy in year t; b qis the conversion coefficient of the sub-item energy q relative to standard coal; if qj is the basic greenhouse gas emission data per unit mass of energy q, that is, the mass of type j greenhouse gas required to be emitted to produce unit mass of energy q;

[0131] 2-2) Using the comprehensive energy dynamic greenhouse gas emission data set constructed in step 2-1), combined with the full life cycle material and energy consumption data obtained in step 1, calculate the total annual dynamic emissions of three greenhouse gases: CO2, CH4 and N2O. The calculation is shown in formula (11);

[0132] GHG(t)=M k (t)×IF k +E i (t)×IF i (t) (11)

[0133] The consumption of one material in the whole life cycle of the building in the tth year is m1(t), while the consumption of k materials in the whole life cycle of the building in the tth year is m. k (t) Dynamic consumption matrix of constituent materials M k (t), calculated as shown in formula (12);

[0134] M k (t)=[m1(t) … m k (t)] (12)

[0135] Among them, IF k is the greenhouse gas emission matrix, if kj is the emission of the jth type of greenhouse gas emitted by the kth material, where there are k types of materials and j types of greenhouse gases, calculated as shown in formula (13);

[0136]

[0137] The consumption of the first resource / energy in the life cycle of the building in the tth year is e1(t) to the consumption of the i-th resource / energy in the life cycle of the building in the tth year is e i (t) constitutes the energy dynamic consumption matrix E i (t), calculated as shown in formula (14);

[0138] E i (t)=[e1(t) … e i (t)] (14)

[0139] Among them, IF i (t) is the energy dynamic greenhouse gas emissions matrix for year t, if ij(t) is the emission of type j greenhouse gas emitted by the i-th resource / energy, where there are i types of resources / energy and j types of greenhouse gases, calculated as shown in formula (15);

[0140]

[0141] m k (t) = mb k (t)+mc k (t)+md k (t) (16)

[0142]

[0143] GHG(t) is a dynamic matrix of greenhouse gas emissions with 1 row and j columns;

[0144] M k (t) is a 1-row, k-column dynamic consumption matrix of k types of materials in the entire life cycle of the building in year t;

[0145] IF k is the greenhouse gas emission matrix of materials with k rows and j columns;

[0146] E i (t) is a 1-row i-column energy dynamic consumption matrix;

[0147] IF i (t) is the dynamic greenhouse gas emission matrix of energy with i rows and j columns;

[0148] m k (t) is the consumption of the kth material in the whole life cycle of the building in the tth year, kg;

[0149] e i (t) is the consumption of the i-th resource / energy in the entire life cycle of the building in the t-th year, kg.

[0150] Furthermore, the implementation of step 3 includes the following steps:

[0151] Step 3-1) Take the absolute global warming potential equation of each greenhouse gas and continuously integrate it over time to obtain the instantaneous dynamic characterization factor, calculated as shown in formula (18);

[0152]

[0153] c j (t) = e -t / τ (19)

[0154] Among them, dcf j(t) is the instantaneous dynamic characterization factor of the jth greenhouse gas in year t, that is, the impact of the jth greenhouse gas on climate warming, W / (m 2 kg);

[0155] θ j is the instantaneous radiative forcing value caused by the increase of each unit mass of the jth greenhouse gas in the atmosphere;

[0156] j takes values ​​of 1, 2, and 3, representing CO2, CH4, and N2O, respectively;

[0157] c j (t) is the atmospheric load of the jth greenhouse gas varying with time in year t;

[0158] τ is the greenhouse gas lifetime;

[0159] Step 3-2) Calculate the characteristic potential value of the warming effect caused by the dynamic greenhouse gas emissions, as shown in formula (20);

[0160] eip(t)=GHG(t)×DCF(t) (20)

[0161] Where DCF(t) is the matrix composed of the characteristic factors of unit mass of greenhouse gas of type j in year t, as shown in formula (21);

[0162]

[0163] Where eip(t) is the characteristic potential value of the warming effect caused by greenhouse gas emissions in year t.

[0164] Furthermore, the implementation of step 4 includes the following steps:

[0165] 4-1) According to the steps of the life cycle assessment, standardization is performed, and the characteristic value of per capita climate warming is used as the standardization benchmark, and the calculation is shown in formula (22);

[0166]

[0167] Among them, n s is the standardization factor; eip(t0) is the environmental impact characterization value in the base year t0, kg eq. / a; p(t0) is the total population of the affected area in the base year t0;

[0168] 4-2) The carbon emission control index of greenhouse gases in different periods is used as the target level to construct a dynamic weight factor, and the calculation is shown in formula (23);

[0169]

[0170] Among them, wf(t) is the weight factor when year t is selected as the target year;

[0171] 4-3) The dynamic carbon effect value of the building's entire life cycle is calculated using the warming effect characterization potential value generated by dynamic greenhouse gas emissions and the dynamic weight factor, as shown in formula (24);

[0172] dgwi(t) instantaneous =eip(t)·n s ·wf(t) (24)

[0173] Among them, dgwi(t) instantaneous is the instantaneous dynamic carbon effect in year t, W / m 2 .

Claims

1. A method for quantifying the carbon effect of a building's entire life cycle taking into account temporal dynamics, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1) Collect the material and energy consumption data of the assessed building at each stage of its life cycle with an annual time step, and consider the changes in multiple variables such as household size, personnel energy consumption behavior, energy structure, building envelope performance, and demolition waste recycling and disposal over time during the building's life cycle; Step 2) Based on the material and energy consumption data collected in step 1), analyze the greenhouse gases generated during the production and use of building materials and energy, and calculate the annual total emissions of three types of greenhouse gases: CO2, CH4 and N2O; Step 3) using dynamic characteristic factors to measure the characteristic potential value of the warming effect generated by the dynamic greenhouse gas emissions in step 2); Step 4) Combined with the carbon emission control requirements in different periods, a dynamic weight factor is constructed to characterize the importance differences of the warming effect in different periods, and combined with the characterized potential value in step 3) to obtain the dynamic carbon effect value of the building's entire life cycle.

2. According to claim 1, a method for quantifying the carbon effect of a building throughout its life cycle taking into account time dynamics is characterized in that: The implementation of step 1 includes the following steps: Step 1-1) Divide the entire life cycle of a building into the pre-use materialization stage, the operation stage, the maintenance and renewal stage, and the demolition and disposal stage, and quantify the relevant dynamic consumption respectively; for the pre-use materialization stage of a building, divide the various projects of the construction activities into several sub-projects according to the technical and management attributes, obtain the engineering quantity data list of each sub-project through the construction drawings or building information model, and convert the engineering quantity data into consumption data of various types of building materials, resources and energy in combination with the local engineering quota. During the construction process, the consumption of the kth building material in the tth year is recorded as mb k (t), the consumption of the i-th energy caused by the use of construction and transportation machinery and equipment in year t is recorded as eb i (t); Step 1-2) Evaluate the energy consumption of residential buildings during the operation phase. The size of the household changes dynamically over time, and the formula for calculating energy consumption is adjusted as shown in formula (1). Considering that the use behavior of equipment by people in residential buildings also changes dynamically, the average number of household equipment, usage intensity, and usage time are used as research objects to construct a dynamic adjustment factor for the number of corresponding equipment, which is calculated as shown in formula (2), a dynamic adjustment factor for the intensity of equipment use, which is calculated as shown in formula (3), and a dynamic adjustment factor for the length of equipment use, which is calculated as shown in formula (4). The above dynamic adjustment factors are included in the calculation to obtain the final dynamic energy consumption, which is calculated as shown in formula (5). in, is the energy consumption value of household equipment j in year t under the dynamic change of household type, kg; eo(j,i) is the annual energy consumption benchmark value of household equipment j of the i-th household type, kg; s(i,t) is the proportion of the ith family type among all family types in year t; f N (j,t) is the quantity adjustment factor for household equipment j in year t; α1(j) is the quantity adjustment coefficient of household equipment j; f I (j,t) is the usage intensity adjustment factor of household equipment j in year t; β1(j) is the usage intensity adjustment coefficient of household equipment j; f T (j,t) is the usage time adjustment factor of household equipment j in year t; γ1(j) is the usage time adjustment coefficient of household appliance j; is the average energy consumption of a single household in year t under the dynamic changes of household type and equipment usage behavior, kg; Step 1-3) Evaluate the consumption related to the maintenance and renewal stage. According to the recommended life value of the building components / parts, determine the types of components / parts that need to be updated, the number of updates and the time point. From this, calculate the material consumption in the maintenance and renewal stage, which is calculated as formula (6), and the resource / energy consumption, which is calculated as formula (7); mc k (t)=m rk (t)·n r (t) (6) at i (t)=c ri (t)·n r (t) (7) mc k (t) is the total mass of the kth material consumed for maintenance and renewal in year t, kg; m rk (t) is the mass of the kth material consumed in the construction activity of updating a single component / part r in year t, kg; n r (t) is the number of components / parts r that need to be replaced in year t; ec i (t) is the consumption of the i-th resource / energy in the component maintenance and renewal construction activities in year t, kg; c ri (t) is the mass of the i-th resource / energy required for the construction activity of updating a single component / part r in year t, kg; Step 1-4) evaluates the consumption in the demolition and disposal stage, including both the material consumption saved by recycling the waste materials, which is calculated as formula (8), and the resource / energy consumption required for recycling the waste materials, which is calculated as formula (9); md k (t)=-w k ·rc k (t) (8) md k (t) is the consumption of the kth material by construction waste recycling in year t, kg; w k is the mass of the kth material in the construction waste, kg; rc k (t) is the recycling rate of the kth material in year t; ed i (t) is the consumption of the i-th resource / energy in the process of construction waste recycling in the t-th year, kg; c ki The mass of the ith resource / energy required to recycle a unit mass of the kth material, kg.

3. According to claim 2, a method for quantifying the carbon effect of a building throughout its life cycle taking into account time dynamics is characterized in that: The implementation of step 2 includes the following steps: 2-1) Based on the prediction of energy structure changes in the future preset period, a dynamic greenhouse gas emissions data set of comprehensive energy is constructed, and the calculation is shown in formula (10); Among them, if ij (t) is the greenhouse gas emission data of unit mass comprehensive energy i in year t, that is, the mass of type j greenhouse gas required to produce 1kgce comprehensive energy i; a q (t) is the proportion of energy item q in total energy in year t; b q is the conversion coefficient of the sub-item energy q relative to standard coal; if qj is the basic greenhouse gas emission data per unit mass of energy q, that is, the mass of type j greenhouse gas required to be emitted to produce unit mass of energy q; 2-2) Using the comprehensive energy dynamic greenhouse gas emission data set constructed in step 2-1), combined with the full life cycle material and energy consumption data obtained in step 1, calculate the total annual dynamic emissions of three greenhouse gases: CO2, CH4 and N2O, as shown in formula (11); GHG(t)=M k (t)×IF k +E i (t)×IF i (t) (11) The consumption of one material in the whole life cycle of the building in the tth year is m1(t), while the consumption of k materials in the whole life cycle of the building in the tth year is m. k (t) Dynamic consumption matrix of constituent materials M k (t), calculated as shown in formula (12); M k (t)=[m1(t) … m k (t)] (12) Among them, IF k is the greenhouse gas emission matrix, if kj is the emission of the jth type of greenhouse gas emitted by the kth material, where there are k types of materials and j types of greenhouse gases, calculated as shown in formula (13); The consumption of the first resource / energy in the life cycle of the building in the tth year is e1(t) to the consumption of the i-th resource / energy in the life cycle of the building in the tth year is e i (t) constitutes the energy dynamic consumption matrix E i (t), calculated as shown in formula (14); E i (t)=[e1(t) … e i (t)] (14) Among them, IF i (t) is the energy dynamic greenhouse gas emissions matrix for year t, if ij (t) is the emission of type j greenhouse gas emitted by the i-th resource / energy, where there are i types of resources / energy and j types of greenhouse gases, calculated as shown in formula (15); m k (t)=mb k (t)+mc k (t)+md k (t) (16) GHG(t) is a dynamic matrix of greenhouse gas emissions with 1 row and j columns; M k (t) is a 1-row, k-column dynamic consumption matrix of k types of materials in the entire life cycle of the building in year t; IF k is the greenhouse gas emission matrix of materials with k rows and j columns; E i (t) is a 1-row i-column energy dynamic consumption matrix; IF i (t) is the dynamic greenhouse gas emission matrix of energy with i rows and j columns; m k (t) is the consumption of the kth material in the whole life cycle of the building in the tth year, kg; e i (t) is the consumption of the i-th resource / energy in the entire life cycle of the building in the t-th year, kg.

4. According to claim 3, a method for quantifying the carbon effect of a building throughout its life cycle taking into account time dynamics is characterized in that: The implementation of step 3 includes the following steps: Step 3-1) Take the absolute global warming potential equation of each greenhouse gas and continuously integrate it over time to obtain the instantaneous dynamic characterization factor, calculated as shown in formula (18); c j (t)=e -t / τ (19) Among them, dcf j (t) is the instantaneous dynamic characterization factor of the jth greenhouse gas in year t, that is, the impact of the jth greenhouse gas on climate warming, W / (m 2 kg); θ j is the instantaneous radiative forcing value caused by the increase of each unit mass of the jth greenhouse gas in the atmosphere; j takes values ​​of 1, 2, and 3, representing CO2, CH4, and N2O, respectively; c j (t) is the atmospheric load of the jth greenhouse gas varying with time in year t; τ is the greenhouse gas lifetime; Step 3-2) Calculate the characteristic potential value of the warming effect caused by the dynamic greenhouse gas emissions, as shown in formula (20); eip(t)=GHG(t)×DCF(t) (20) Where DCF(t) is the matrix composed of the characteristic factors of unit mass of greenhouse gas of type j in year t, as shown in formula (21); Where eip(t) is the characteristic potential value of the warming effect caused by greenhouse gas emissions in year t.

5. According to claim 4, a method for quantifying the carbon effect of a building throughout its life cycle taking into account time dynamics is characterized in that: The implementation of step 4 includes the following steps: 4-1) According to the steps of the life cycle assessment, standardization is performed, and the characteristic value of per capita climate warming is used as the standardization benchmark, and the calculation is shown in formula (22); Among them, n s is the standardization factor; eip(t0) is the environmental impact characterization value in the base year t0, kg eq. / a; p(t0) is the total population of the affected area in the base year t0; 4-2) The carbon emission control index of greenhouse gases in different periods is used as the target level to construct a dynamic weight factor, and the calculation is shown in formula (23); Among them, wf(t) is the weight factor when year t is selected as the target year; 4-3) The dynamic carbon effect value of the building's entire life cycle is calculated using the warming effect characterization potential value generated by dynamic greenhouse gas emissions and the dynamic weight factor, as shown in formula (24); dgwi(t) instantaneous =eip(t)·n s ·wf(t) (24) Among them, dgwi(t) instantaneous is the instantaneous dynamic carbon effect in year t, W / m 2 .

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