A method for arranging the optimal tilt angle of a photovoltaic array

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of data processing, and specifically discloses a method for arranging an optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic array, the method comprising: collecting wind speed, wind sand particle speed, wind direction and dust concentration data in real time; calculating the optimal inclination angle under different wind speed and wind direction conditions by analyzing the collected data; a central control system arranges the inclination angle of photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic array according to the calculated optimal inclination angle, thereby reducing physical damage to the photovoltaic panels caused by wind and sand in a sandstorm environment, extending the service life of the photovoltaic panels, and reducing wind and sand particles covering the surface of the photovoltaic panels, preventing the sand and dust from blocking the active area of ​​the photovoltaic panels, thereby ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of data processing, and more specifically, to a method for arranging an optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic array. Background Art

[0002] In sandstorm weather conditions, strong winds carry a large amount of sand and dust at high speeds, causing serious physical damage to the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic array. Such extreme weather conditions can cause wind and sand to directly impact the surface of the photovoltaic panels, causing scratches and deposited pollutants on the surface of the photovoltaic panels, reducing the service life of the photovoltaic panels; at the same time, the flying sand and dust particles will also block the active areas on the photovoltaic panels. When the photovoltaic panels are covered with sand and dust, even a thin layer of dust will greatly weaken the energy of the incident light and significantly reduce its light transmittance, which will lead to a significant decrease in the photoelectric conversion efficiency, directly affecting the overall performance of the photovoltaic power generation system.

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, a technical solution is now provided. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for arranging the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic array, which is to establish an optimal inclination mathematical model through the collected wind speed, speed of sand and dust particles, wind direction and concentration data of sand and dust, and calculate the optimal inclination angle. The central control system arranges the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panels of the photovoltaic array according to the optimal inclination angle, thereby reducing the risk of physical damage caused by wind and sand impacting the photovoltaic panels and extending the service life of the photovoltaic panels. At the same time, it can effectively reduce the sand and dust particles covering the surface of the photovoltaic panels, avoid sand and dust blocking the active area of ​​the photovoltaic panels, reduce the influence of sand and dust on light transmittance, and ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for arranging an optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic array comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step S1, collecting wind speed, wind sand particle speed, wind direction and dust concentration data in real time, and transmitting the data to the central control system;

[0008] Step S2, by analyzing the collected data, the optimal tilt angle under different wind speed and wind direction conditions is calculated. In order to ensure the best performance of the photovoltaic array under sandstorm weather conditions, an optimal tilt angle mathematical model is established to calculate the optimal tilt angle, effectively reduce the direct impact of wind and sand on the photovoltaic panel, and extend the service life of the photovoltaic panel. The optimal tilt angle effectively reduces the sand and dust particles covering the surface of the photovoltaic panel, thereby maximizing the reception of light and ensuring the efficiency of photoelectric conversion. The formula of the optimal tilt angle mathematical model is:

[0009] ,

[0010] Where: is the optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel relative to the horizontal plane, is the wind speed, is the wind direction angle, is the speed of dust particles, is the dust deposition coefficient, which indicates the rate at which dust is deposited on the surface of the photovoltaic panel. is the height of the photovoltaic panel, is the smoothness of the photovoltaic panel surface, is the impact of dust on the light receiving rate of photovoltaic panels, is the concentration of dust particles on the surface of the photovoltaic panel;

[0011] Step S3: the central control system arranges the inclination angles of the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic array according to the calculated optimal inclination angle.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, real-time data of wind speed, wind sand particle speed, wind direction and dust concentration are collected and transmitted to a central control system, including the following specific contents:

[0013] The wind speed is measured in real time by an anemometer, and the wind speed change is accurately recorded by rotating blades. The speed of dust particles is measured in real time by a dust particle velocimeter. The wind vane adopts multi-point detection technology to capture the change of wind direction. The dust concentration sensor monitors the dust concentration in real time and analyzes its particle size distribution and concentration change. These sensors are waterproof and dustproof, and can adapt to a wide temperature range, ensuring that they can maintain a stable working state even in harsh environments. When each sensor node completes the timely sampling of the environmental conditions at its location, it will automatically package and organize it into a standard format data packet according to the preset frequency and send it to the central control system through the built-in wireless. Since there is often a lot of noise interference or occasional individual sensor failures in actual application scenarios, the central control system introduces an anomaly detection algorithm, which can quickly identify which data points are obviously deviated from the normal value range and mark them for manual review. Considering the importance of network security, an encrypted transmission protocol is used in the wireless transmission process to ensure that data is not illegally stolen. The central control system also sets up a strict access rights management system. Only authorized users who have passed identity authentication can log in to the system to view detailed information.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention, the central control system arranges the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic array according to the calculated optimal inclination angle, including the following specific contents:

[0015] Based on the optimal inclination angle calculated by the optimal inclination angle mathematical model, the central control system arranges the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic array to minimize the impact of wind and sand and maximize the reception of light. In addition, the central control system also includes a feedback control mechanism that can monitor the performance of the photovoltaic panels in real time during operation. If it is found that the actual power generation efficiency is lower than the preset power generation power threshold, the central control system will automatically re-evaluate the environmental data and adjust the inclination angle to ensure that the photovoltaic array always operates in the optimal state.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention, the central control system introduces an abnormality detection algorithm, including the following specific contents:

[0017] The central control system introduces an anomaly detection algorithm and establishes an anomaly detection model to identify data points in the data sent by the sensor that are obviously deviated from the normal value range and mark them for manual review. The formula of the anomaly detection model is: ,

[0018] Where: For the Data points from sensors, For data points The standard score of is the mean of the data points, reflecting the central trend of the data. satisfy ,in, is the total number of data points, is the standard deviation of the data points, indicating the degree of dispersion of the data. satisfy , preset a threshold ,like , then the data point is considered an outlier and marked as 1. , then the data point It is considered a normal value and marked as 0. The specific formula is: .

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention, considering the importance of network security, an encrypted transmission protocol is used in the wireless transmission process to ensure that data is not illegally stolen, including the following specific contents:

[0020] During the wireless transmission process, in order to ensure the security of the data, the transport layer security protocol is adopted. The protocol provides powerful encryption, identity authentication and data integrity verification functions. First, asymmetric encryption is used to exchange keys when establishing a connection to ensure the legitimacy of the identities of both parties and prevent man-in-the-middle attacks; then, both parties use symmetric encryption for data transmission to improve efficiency. During the data transmission process, the protocol also uses message authentication codes to ensure the integrity of the data and can detect any unauthorized tampering.

[0021] As a further solution of the present invention, the central control system sets up a strict access rights management system, and only authorized users who have passed identity verification can log in to view detailed information, including the following specific contents:

[0022] The central control system adopts a strict access rights management system to ensure that only authenticated authorized users can log in and view detailed information. First, the central control system implements role-based access control, assigning different permissions according to the user's role and responsibilities to ensure that users can only access information related to their work. Users need to pass multi-factor authentication when logging in, including passwords, SMS verification codes or biometrics to improve security. The central control system will record all login activities and data access records, and conduct regular audits to detect potential security threats or improper behavior. In addition, administrators can dynamically adjust user permissions as needed and promptly revoke users who no longer need access rights to ensure system security and data confidentiality.

[0023] The technical effects and advantages of the method for arranging the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic array of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] The present invention measures the wind speed in real time through an anemometer, measures the speed of sand and dust particles in real time through a dust particle velocimeter, captures changes in wind direction through a wind vane, and monitors the concentration of sand and dust in real time through a dust sensor. An optimal tilt angle mathematical model is established based on the collected data, and the calculated optimal tilt angle can effectively reduce the direct impact of wind and sand on photovoltaic panels, reduce the risk of physical damage to photovoltaic panels caused by wind and sand, and extend the service life of photovoltaic panels. At the same time, it can effectively reduce the sand and dust particles covering the surface of photovoltaic panels, avoid sand and dust blocking the active area of ​​photovoltaic panels, and reduce the influence of sand and dust on light transmittance, thereby ensuring the photoelectric conversion efficiency, so that the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panels can maximize the reception of light, further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and ensure that the photovoltaic power generation system can still maintain good performance under severe weather conditions such as sandstorms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for arranging a photovoltaic array at an optimal tilt angle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] See also Figure 1 As shown in the flow diagram, a method for arranging an optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic array according to the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0029] Step S1, collecting wind speed, wind sand particle speed, wind direction and dust concentration data in real time, and transmitting the data to the central control system;

[0030] Step S2, calculating the optimal tilt angle under different wind speed and wind direction conditions by analyzing the collected meteorological data;

[0031] Step S3: the central control system arranges the inclination angles of the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic array according to the calculated optimal inclination angle.

[0032] Furthermore, the wind speed, dust particle velocity, wind direction and dust concentration data are collected in real time and transmitted to the central control system, including the following specific contents:

[0033] The wind speed is measured in real time by an anemometer, and the wind speed change is accurately recorded by rotating blades. The speed of dust particles is measured in real time by a dust particle velocimeter. The wind vane adopts multi-point detection technology to capture the change of wind direction. The dust concentration sensor monitors the dust concentration in real time and analyzes its particle size distribution and concentration change. These sensors are waterproof and dustproof, and can adapt to a wide temperature range, ensuring that they can maintain a stable working state even in harsh environments. When each sensor node completes the timely sampling of the environmental conditions at its location, it will automatically package and organize it into a standard format data packet according to the preset frequency and send it to the central control system through the built-in wireless. Since there is often a lot of noise interference or occasional individual sensor failures in actual application scenarios, the central control system introduces an anomaly detection algorithm, which can quickly identify which data points are obviously deviated from the normal value range and mark them for manual review. Considering the importance of network security, an encrypted transmission protocol is used in the wireless transmission process to ensure that data is not illegally stolen. The central control system also sets up a strict access rights management system. Only authorized users who have passed identity authentication can log in to the system to view detailed information.

[0034] Furthermore, the selection and calibration of the sensor includes the following specific contents:

[0035] The sensor includes the anemometer, the wind vane and the dust particle anemometer. The anemometer adopts a mechanical rotating blade design. The mechanical rotating blade reflects the actual wind speed by accurately calculating the blade rotation speed. Although it may be susceptible to wear and tear, it has a simple structure, low cost and rapid response. The anemometer of the mechanical rotating blade can work normally in a wide temperature range of -40°C to +70°C, and has a protection level of IP65 or above to withstand wind and rain. The dust particle anemometer measures the speed and concentration based on the intensity of scattered light generated by laser irradiation on suspended particles in the air. It can provide detailed information on particles of different sizes from micron to millimeter. By having a rapid response characteristic, the dust particle anemometer is also equipped with Equipped with an efficient filtering device to prevent large particles from blocking the optical path, thereby ensuring long-term stable operation; the dust concentration sensor continues to use the laser scattering principle to monitor the dust concentration in real time and analyze its particle size distribution and concentration changes; the anemometer needs to cover various conditions from stillness to strong winds, and the measurement range of the anemometer is 0m / s to 100m / s. The dust particle velocity meter can monitor particles from less than 1 micron to more than 100 microns, and can handle particle speeds from low-concentration background noise to high-concentration sandstorm conditions. The dust particle velocity meter measures particle speeds from 0m / s to 20m / s, and the wind vane can detect wind direction changes in 360 degrees. The dust concentration sensor can detect changes from low concentrations of 0.001mg / m 3 To 1000mg / m 3 concentration.

[0036] Furthermore, the central control system introduces an anomaly detection algorithm, including the following specific contents:

[0037] The central control system introduces an anomaly detection algorithm and establishes an anomaly detection model to identify data points in the data sent by the sensor that are obviously deviated from the normal value range and mark them for manual review. The formula of the anomaly detection model is: ,

[0038] Where: For the Data points from sensors, For data points The standard score of is the mean of the data points, reflecting the central trend of the data. satisfy ,in, is the total number of data points, is the standard deviation of the data points, indicating the degree of dispersion of the data. satisfy , preset a threshold ,like , then the data point is considered an outlier and marked as 1. , then the data point It is considered a normal value and marked as 0. The specific formula is: .

[0039] Furthermore, in addition to introducing the anomaly detection algorithm, the central control system also has a process for handling common sensor failures, including the following specific contents:

[0040] Once the central control system detects that a sensor node has not sent data for a long time or the data sent is obviously abnormal, the central control system will automatically trigger an alarm and record the status information of the sensor. Subsequently, the central control system will try to restart the sensor to eliminate the problem caused by a temporary software error; if there is still no response after the restart, it is determined to be a hardware failure. At this time, the central control system will automatically switch to the backup sensor to continue working. In order to achieve this function, each key position is equipped with at least one redundant sensor. The backup sensor is usually in standby mode but performs self-checks regularly to ensure that it is available at any time. When the main sensor fails, the backup sensor will immediately take over the data collection task and report the switching status to the central control system. In addition, when the backup sensor also fails or all sensors cannot provide reliable data, the central control system can use historical data for estimation. In order to prevent frequent sensor failures from affecting the stability and reliability of the overall system, a strict maintenance plan is established to regularly conduct on-site inspections and calibrations of all sensors to ensure that their measurement accuracy meets the requirements, regularly clean dust or other contaminants on the surface of the sensors to prevent them from affecting sensor performance, preventively replace vulnerable parts such as batteries and cables, and adjust the installation location or protective measures of the sensors according to actual usage to reduce damage caused by external factors.

[0041] Furthermore, considering the importance of network security, an encrypted transmission protocol is used during wireless transmission to ensure that data is not illegally stolen, including the following specific contents:

[0042] During the wireless transmission process, in order to ensure the security of the data, the transport layer security protocol is adopted. The protocol provides powerful encryption, identity authentication and data integrity verification functions. First, asymmetric encryption is used to exchange keys when establishing a connection to ensure the legitimacy of the identities of both parties and prevent man-in-the-middle attacks; then, both parties use symmetric encryption for data transmission to improve efficiency. During the data transmission process, the protocol also uses message authentication codes to ensure the integrity of the data and can detect any unauthorized tampering.

[0043] Furthermore, the central control system sets up a strict access rights management system, and only authenticated authorized users can log in to view detailed information, including the following specific contents:

[0044] The central control system adopts a strict access rights management system to ensure that only authenticated authorized users can log in and view detailed information. First, the central control system implements role-based access control, assigning different permissions according to the user's role and responsibilities to ensure that users can only access information related to their work. Users need to pass multi-factor authentication when logging in, including passwords, SMS verification codes or biometrics to improve security. The central control system will record all login activities and data access records, and conduct regular audits to detect potential security threats or improper behavior. In addition, administrators can dynamically adjust user permissions as needed and promptly revoke users who no longer need access rights to ensure system security and data confidentiality.

[0045] Furthermore, by analyzing the collected meteorological data, the optimal tilt angle under different wind speed and wind direction conditions is calculated, including the following specific contents:

[0046] In order to ensure the best performance of the photovoltaic array under sandstorm weather conditions, an optimal tilt angle mathematical model is established to calculate the optimal tilt angle, effectively reduce the direct impact of wind and sand on the photovoltaic panels, and extend the service life of the photovoltaic panels. The optimal tilt angle effectively reduces the sand and dust particles covering the surface of the photovoltaic panels, thereby maximizing the reception of light and ensuring the efficiency of photoelectric conversion. The formula of the optimal tilt angle mathematical model is:

[0047] ,

[0048] Where: is the optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel relative to the horizontal plane, is the wind speed, is the wind direction angle, is the speed of dust particles, is the dust deposition coefficient, which indicates the rate at which dust is deposited on the surface of the photovoltaic panel. is the height of the photovoltaic panel, is the smoothness of the photovoltaic panel surface, is the impact of dust on the light receiving rate of photovoltaic panels, is the concentration of dust particles on the surface of photovoltaic panels.

[0049] Furthermore, the central control system arranges the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic array according to the calculated optimal inclination angle, including the following specific contents:

[0050] Based on the optimal inclination angle calculated by the optimal inclination angle mathematical model, the central control system arranges the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic array to minimize the impact of wind and sand and maximize the reception of light. In addition, the central control system also includes a feedback control mechanism that can monitor the performance of the photovoltaic panels in real time during operation. If it is found that the actual power generation efficiency is lower than the preset power generation power threshold, the central control system will automatically re-evaluate the environmental data and adjust the inclination angle to ensure that the photovoltaic array always operates in the optimal state.

[0051] Furthermore, the central control system also develops an intuitive and easy-to-use operating interface, including the following specific contents:

[0052] The design of the human-computer interaction interface of the central control system is centered on user experience. A graphical monitoring panel is used to display key data, so that users can understand the current wind speed, wind direction, dust concentration, and real-time tilt angle of photovoltaic panels at a glance. The graphical elements include but are not limited to dynamic charts, real-time updated data tables and visual maps, so that users can quickly obtain and understand the changing trends of environmental conditions. In addition, in order to facilitate access by users at different levels, the interface should have a multi-level authority management function, and the corresponding access rights should be assigned according to the user's responsibilities. For example, administrators can view all detailed information and make configuration adjustments, while ordinary operators can only view basic operating status. The central control system also has an alarm prompt function. When the sensor detects abnormal data or system performance decreases, the human-computer interaction interface immediately displays a striking alarm notification, and reminds the user through a red highlighted icon or pop-up window. The alarm notification not only contains a specific fault description, but also provides possible cause analysis and recommended operation steps to help users take quick action to solve the problem. The central control system also supports multiple alarm methods, such as sound alarms, email notifications, and SMS reminders, to ensure that users can receive alarm information in a timely manner no matter where they are. The human-computer interaction interface also provides a series of auxiliary tools to optimize the user experience. The central control system includes a historical data analysis module, which allows users to select data from a specific time period for retrospective analysis and generate reports or charts for reference. The data analysis module also supports data export functions, which facilitates users to use data for further research or reporting. In addition, considering that various emergencies may be encountered in actual applications, the human-computer interaction interface should also have a fault diagnosis function, which guides users to gradually troubleshoot problems through a preset problem tree structure.

[0053] Furthermore, considering the importance of network security, an encrypted transmission protocol is used during wireless transmission to ensure that data is not illegally stolen, including the following specific contents:

[0054] During the wireless transmission process, in order to ensure the security of the data, the transport layer security protocol is adopted. The protocol provides powerful encryption, identity authentication and data integrity verification functions. First, asymmetric encryption is used to exchange keys when establishing a connection to ensure the legitimacy of the identities of both parties and prevent man-in-the-middle attacks; then, both parties use symmetric encryption for data transmission to improve efficiency. During the data transmission process, the protocol also uses message authentication codes to ensure the integrity of the data and can detect any unauthorized tampering.

[0055] Furthermore, the photovoltaic array is also used in conjunction with a battery energy storage system to solve the problem of intermittent solar energy, including the following specific contents:

[0056] By combining the photovoltaic array with the battery energy storage system, the excess electric energy is effectively stored and released during peak demand or insufficient sunlight, thereby smoothing the power output curve and improving the overall reliability and economic benefits of the system. The analysis of historical data calculates the fluctuation of power generation at different time periods of the day, and determines the required energy storage capacity in combination with the demand during peak power consumption. The battery energy storage system will be configured to cover the power demand for several hours or even a whole day to cope with continuous rainy weather or other emergencies. When installing the battery energy storage system in the early stage, a certain amount of space and interfaces are reserved so that it can be easily upgraded in the future as the battery energy storage system expands in scale or technology advances.

[0057] The invention measures the wind speed in real time through a high-precision anemometer. The anemometer has a highly sensitive sensing element and can accurately capture subtle changes in wind speed at different heights and locations. It has a wide measurement range and can cover various wind force levels from breezes to strong winds. The dust particle velocity meter can accurately identify the movement speed of dust particles of different particle sizes and has excellent anti-interference capabilities in complex dust environments. The wind vane can quickly and accurately determine the wind direction, whether it is a stable wind direction or a frequently changing wind direction in a sandstorm. The dust sensor can perform high-precision real-time measurement of dust concentration, and can accurately sense extremely low or extremely high concentrations of dust. Based on the collected data, an optimal inclination mathematical model is established, and the optimal inclination mathematical model fully considers the relationship and dynamic changes between multiple factors such as wind speed, dust particle speed, wind direction, and dust concentration. The calculated optimal inclination angle can effectively reduce the direct impact of wind and sand on photovoltaic panels, so that the wind and sand can be dispersed along a specific angle when hitting the photovoltaic panels, reducing the risk of physical damage to photovoltaic panels caused by wind and sand, and reducing scratches, wear and tear on the surface of photovoltaic panels caused by wind and sand impact. The service life of photovoltaic panels can be extended. At the same time, it can effectively reduce the sand and dust particles covering the surface of photovoltaic panels, prevent sand and dust from accumulating in the active area of ​​photovoltaic panels due to electrostatic adsorption or wind force, reduce the impact of sand and dust on light transmittance, ensure that photovoltaic panels can receive enough light for photoelectric conversion, thereby ensuring photoelectric conversion efficiency, so that the inclination angle of photovoltaic panels can maximize the reception of light, and further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency by optimizing the angle, ensuring that the photovoltaic power generation system can still maintain good performance under severe weather conditions such as sandstorms, reduce the problem of a significant drop in power generation efficiency due to severe weather, and ensure the stability of power supply.

[0058] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

[0059] Finally: The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic array, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1, collecting wind speed, wind sand particle speed, wind direction and dust concentration data in real time, and transmitting the data to the central control system; Step S2, by analyzing the collected data, the optimal tilt angle under different wind speed and wind direction conditions is calculated. In order to ensure the best performance of the photovoltaic array under sandstorm weather conditions, an optimal tilt angle mathematical model is established to calculate the optimal tilt angle, effectively reduce the direct impact of wind and sand on the photovoltaic panel, and extend the service life of the photovoltaic panel. The optimal tilt angle effectively reduces the sand and dust particles covering the surface of the photovoltaic panel, thereby maximizing the reception of light and ensuring the efficiency of photoelectric conversion. The formula of the optimal tilt angle mathematical model is: , Where: is the optimal inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel relative to the horizontal plane, is the wind speed, is the wind direction angle, is the speed of dust particles, is the dust deposition coefficient, which indicates the rate at which dust is deposited on the surface of the photovoltaic panel. is the height of the photovoltaic panel, is the smoothness of the photovoltaic panel surface, is the impact of dust on the light receiving rate of photovoltaic panels, is the concentration of dust particles on the surface of the photovoltaic panel; Step S3: the central control system arranges the inclination angles of the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic array according to the calculated optimal inclination angle.

2. A method for arranging an optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic array according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S1, collect wind speed, wind sand particle speed, wind direction and dust concentration data in real time, and transmit the data to the central control system. The wind speed is measured in real time by the anemometer, and the wind speed change is accurately recorded by rotating blades. The speed of dust particles is measured in real time by the dust particle anemometer. The wind vane adopts multi-point detection technology to capture the change of wind direction. The dust concentration sensor monitors the dust concentration in real time and analyzes its particle size distribution and concentration changes. When the sensor node completes the timely sampling of the environmental conditions at its location, it will automatically package and organize it into a standard format data packet according to the preset frequency and send it to the central control system through the built-in wireless.

3. The method for arranging the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic array according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3, the central control system arranges the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic array according to the calculated optimal inclination angle. According to the optimal inclination angle calculated by the optimal inclination mathematical model, the central control system arranges the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic array to minimize the impact of wind and sand and maximize the reception of light. The central control system also includes a feedback control mechanism to monitor the performance of the photovoltaic panels in real time during their operation. When it is found that the actual power generation efficiency is lower than the preset power generation power threshold, the central control system re-evaluates the environmental data and adjusts the inclination angle to ensure that the photovoltaic array always operates in an optimal state.

4. The method for arranging the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic array according to claim 3, characterized in that: The central control system introduces an anomaly detection algorithm to identify data points in the sensor data that are obviously deviated from the normal value range and mark them for manual review. The formula of the anomaly detection model is: , Where: For the Data points from sensors, For data points The standard score of is the mean of the data points, reflecting the central trend of the data. satisfy ,in, is the total number of data points, is the standard deviation of the data points, indicating the degree of dispersion of the data. satisfy , preset a threshold ,like , then the data point is considered an outlier and marked as 1. , then the data point It is considered a normal value and marked as 0. The specific formula is: .

5. The method for arranging the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic array according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sensor adopts an encrypted transmission protocol when wirelessly sending data to the central control system to ensure that the data is not illegally stolen.

6. A method for arranging the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic array according to claim 5, characterized in that: The central control system sets up a strict access authority management system, and only authorized users who have passed identity authentication can log in to view detailed information.

7. The method for arranging the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimal tilt angle mathematical model comprehensively considers the influence of wind speed on the impact force of wind and sand when calculating the optimal tilt angle, and adjusts the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel through the effect of wind speed value in the optimal tilt angle mathematical model to reduce the direct impact of wind and sand on the photovoltaic panel.

8. The method for arranging the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimal inclination mathematical model determines the direction of the sandstorm according to the wind direction when calculating the optimal inclination, thereby adjusting the angle of the photovoltaic panel to better cope with the impact of the sandstorm.

9. The method for arranging the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimal inclination mathematical model calculates the deposition rate of dust on the surface of the photovoltaic panel according to the dust particle velocity and the dust deposition coefficient when calculating the optimal inclination, and then determines the appropriate inclination angle to reduce dust deposition.

10. The method for arranging the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimal inclination angle mathematical model takes into account the influence of the height of the photovoltaic panel on the impact of wind and sand and light reception when calculating the optimal inclination angle, and optimizes the inclination angle of the photovoltaic panel in combination with the height factor.

Images