Method for improving flowering rate and fruit setting rate of large cherries

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cherry cultivation, and particularly discloses a method for improving the flowering and fruit setting rate of large cherries, which comprises the following steps: S1, improving the nutrition of a tree body, applying a base fertilizer, mainly applying an organic fertilizer, cooperatively applying a phosphorus fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, spraying the fertilizer on leaf surfaces in a growing period, and supplementing trace elements to promote flower bud differentiation; s2, optimizing pollination conditions, configuring a pollination tree, and improving the pollination success rate by means of bee releasing and artificial pollination so as to increase the fruit setting rate; s3, enhancing the stress resistance of the tree body, enhancing the stress resistance and disease resistance of the tree body through pruning and pest control, and reducing physiological fruit drop; s4, controlling the vigorous growth of the tree body, controlling the vigorous growth of the tree body by spraying a paclobutrazol plant growth regulator, promoting the conversion from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and improving the flower bud differentiation rate and the fruit setting rate; the pollination rate is improved by adopting two pollination modes, so that the optimal effect of improving the flowering rate and the fruit setting rate is achieved, and the yield is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cherry cultivation, in particular to a method for improving the flowering and fruit setting rates of big cherries. Background Art

[0002] The cherry tree is a tree up to 3-8 meters tall, with reddish-brown bark; young branches are glabrous or sparsely pubescent; winter buds are glabrous; leaves are ovate or oblong-obovate, gradually pointed or caudal at the apex, rounded at the base, with sharp double serrations, with small glands at the tooth tips, nearly glabrous above, light green below, with sparse pubescence along the veins or between the veins; petioles are sparsely pubescent, with 1 or 2 large glands at the apex, stipules fall off early, lanceolate, with pinnate glandular teeth; inflorescence is corymbose or nearly umbel, blooming before leaves; involucre obovate-elliptic, pedicels are sparsely pubescent; calyx tube is bell-shaped, long and sparsely pubescent on the outside, sepals are triangular-ovate or ovate-oblong, entire, half or nearly half the length of the calyx tube; petals are white, ovate, concave or 2-lobed at the apex; style is nearly equal in length to stamens, glabrous; drupe is nearly spherical, red when ripe, and edible.

[0003] The big cherry fruit matures early, has bright colors, delicious flesh, and rich nutrients. It is an excellent fruit for both fresh eating and processing. Cherries bloom every spring, and the flowers are huge. However, most cherries are now pollinated by releasing bees during the cultivation process. However, if there is continuous rain, low temperature and other adverse weather conditions, natural pollination is easily hindered, greatly reducing the pollination rate and fruit setting rate. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the flowering and fruit setting rates of big cherries, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for improving the flowering and fruit setting rate of big cherries, comprising the following steps: S1. Improve tree nutrition, apply base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, spray foliage during the growth period, supplement trace elements to promote flower bud differentiation; S2. Optimize pollination conditions, configure pollination trees, and increase the pollination success rate through bee release and artificial pollination, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate; S3. Enhance the tree's stress resistance, enhance the tree's stress resistance and disease resistance through pruning and pest and disease control, and reduce physiological fruit drop; S4. Control the vigorous growth of trees by spraying paclobutrazol plant growth regulator to control the vigorous growth of trees, promote the transformation of vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and increase the flower bud differentiation rate and fruit setting rate.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the basal fertilizer is applied in autumn to restore tree vigor, increase nutrient accumulation, and improve cold resistance. The basal fertilizer uses fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer, and about 4000 grams per mu is applied; the topdressing is mainly quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, which are mainly applied before flowering, during the young fruit development period, during the flower bud differentiation period, and after fruit picking; during the growth period, foliar spraying is performed to supplement trace elements, and the trace element mainly uses boron. Spraying 0.3% borax 1-2 times during the flowering period can promote the increase of fruit setting rate, and spraying 3% urea 1-2 times when the flowers are withered can shorten the nutrient conversion period.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pollination trees are configured by selecting varieties with a similar flowering period to the main cultivated varieties and a large amount of pollen as the pollination trees, and the proportion of pollination trees should account for 20% of the total number of plants planted.

[0008] As a preferred method of the present invention, during the flowering period, 15 to 30 boxes of bees or 5,000 to 7,000 wall bees are placed per hectare of orchard, which can significantly increase the pollination rate. During the bee release period, pesticides should not be sprayed to prevent the bee colony from being poisoned.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the artificial pollination includes shaking pollination and point pollination. Artificial pollination should be carried out 2 to 3 times to improve the pollination rate. If artificial pollination is carried out during the flowering period and encounters adverse weather such as continuous rain and low temperature, natural pollination is hindered, and artificial assisted pollination can be carried out.

[0010] The shaking pollination is to collect pollen, mix it with talcum powder or starch, put it into a gauze bag, and shake it on the tree crown for pollination between 8 am and 5 pm.

[0011] The point pollination is to dip the pollen with a writing brush or an eraser head and then point pollinate it on the stigma of the flower.

[0012] As preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pruning is used to enhance the ventilation and light transmission of trees and control the vigorous growth of trees, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, while concentrating the nutrient supply and improving the stress resistance of trees; the pruning focuses on removing diseased and insect-infested branches, overcrowded branches and weak branches, and retaining healthy and vigorously growing branches; for vigorous growing branches, they can be appropriately shortened to remove apical dominance, promote branching, and increase the number of fruiting branches; overcrowded branches and crossed branches are thinned out to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions inside the crown.

[0013] As preferred embodiments of the present invention, the pest control includes regularly checking the health status of trees, promptly discovering and handling pest problems, and adopting a combination of physical control, biological control and chemical control to reduce the harm of pests and diseases to trees; physical control includes using water to flush and shake off pests and diseases; biological control includes releasing natural enemies that prey on pests and diseases; chemical control includes spraying pesticides; and building shade nets, windbreaks, and wrapping tree trunks with straw ropes to provide supports to reduce the direct impact of adverse external conditions on trees.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the paclobutrazol plant growth regulator is sprayed with 30 mg / L gibberellin solution or 0.3% borax solution during the flowering period to increase the fruit setting rate. However, it should be noted that gibberellin should be sprayed during the flowering period to avoid phytotoxicity.

[0015] As preferred embodiments of the present invention, controlling vigorous tree growth also includes soil management, chemical regulation and orchard grassing.

[0016] The soil management mentioned above improves soil structure by deep plowing and adding organic fertilizer, increases soil organic matter content, and promotes healthy root growth. Reasonable soil management helps balance the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the tree, thereby controlling excessive growth.

[0017] The chemical regulation uses plant growth regulators, including paclobutrazol and chlormequat, to control the vigorous growth of trees; plant growth regulators can inhibit the synthesis of gibberellins, slow down cell division and elongation, and thus control the growth rate of branches. When using, it is necessary to apply according to the recommended dosage in the instructions to avoid drug damage.

[0018] The orchard grass is planted in the orchard. The grass includes clover and ryegrass, which can increase soil organic matter and improve soil structure. At the same time, it can reduce part of the vegetative growth of fruit trees through competition, thereby helping to control the vigorous growth of the trees.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention improves the pollination rate by using two pollination methods, namely, releasing bees and artificial pollination. During the flowering period, when the natural pollination is blocked by continuous rainy and low-temperature bad weather, artificial assisted pollination can be performed to achieve the best effect of improving the flowering and fruiting rates, thereby increasing the yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for improving the flowering and fruit setting rate of big cherries comprises the following steps: Step 1: Improve the nutrition of the tree. Apply base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, in combination with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Spray fertilizer on the leaves during the growing season and supplement trace elements to promote flower bud differentiation.

[0023] Base fertilizer is applied in autumn to restore tree vigor, increase nutrient accumulation, and improve cold resistance. Fermented organic fertilizer is used for base fertilizer, and about 4,000 grams is applied per mu. Topdressing is mainly quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, which are mainly carried out before flowering, during young fruit development, during flower bud differentiation, and after fruit picking. Foliar spraying is carried out during the growing season to supplement trace elements. Boron is the main trace element. Spraying 0.3% borax 1-2 times during the flowering period can promote the increase in fruit set rate, and spraying 3% urea 1-2 times when the flowers are withering can shorten the nutrient conversion period.

[0024] Step 2: Optimize pollination conditions, configure pollination trees, and increase the pollination success rate through releasing bees and artificial pollination, thereby increasing the fruit set rate.

[0025] Configure pollination trees and choose varieties with a similar flowering period to the main cultivated varieties and a large amount of pollen as pollination trees. The proportion of pollination trees should account for 20% of the total planting number.

[0026] During the flowering period, placing 15 to 30 beehives or 5,000 to 7,000 wall bees per hectare of orchard can significantly increase the pollination rate. During the bee-releasing period, avoid spraying pesticides to prevent the bee colony from being poisoned.

[0027] Artificial pollination includes shaking pollination and point pollination. Artificial pollination should be carried out 2 to 3 times to increase the pollination rate. During the flowering period, if there is continuous rain, low temperature and other adverse weather conditions, natural pollination will be hindered, and artificial assisted pollination can be carried out.

[0028] Shake pollination is to collect pollen, mix it with talcum powder or starch, put it into a gauze bag, and shake it on the tree crown between 8 am and 5 pm for pollination.

[0029] Spot pollination is to dip a brush or eraser tip into pollen and then apply it to the stigma of the flower.

[0030] Step three: Enhance the tree's stress resistance. Enhance the tree's stress resistance and disease resistance through pruning and pest and disease control, and reduce physiological fruit drop.

[0031] Pruning is used to enhance ventilation and light transmission of trees, control vigorous growth of trees, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and at the same time concentrate nutrient supply to improve the tree's resistance to adversity; pruning focuses on removing diseased and insect-infested branches, overcrowded branches and weak branches, and retaining healthy, vigorously growing branches; for vigorous branches, they can be appropriately shortened to remove apical dominance, promote branching, and increase the number of fruiting branches; for overcrowded branches and crossed branches, they should be thinned out to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions inside the crown.

[0032] Pest and disease control: regularly check the health of trees, promptly discover and deal with pest and disease problems, and use a combination of physical, biological and chemical control to reduce the damage done by pests and diseases to trees; physical control: use water to flush and shake off pests and diseases; biological control: release natural enemies of pests and diseases; chemical control: use pesticides for spraying; build shade nets, windbreaks, wrap straw ropes around tree trunks, and provide supports to reduce the direct impact of adverse external conditions on trees.

[0033] S4. Control the vigorous growth of trees by spraying paclobutrazol plant growth regulator to control the vigorous growth of trees, promote the transformation of vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and increase the flower bud differentiation rate and fruit setting rate.

[0034] Spraying paclobutrazol plant growth regulators Spraying 30 mg / L gibberellin solution or 0.3% borax solution during the flowering period can increase the fruit setting rate. However, it should be noted that gibberellin should be sprayed during the flowering period to avoid phytotoxicity.

[0035] Controlling excessive tree growth also includes soil management, chemical regulation and orchard grass.

[0036] Soil management, by deep plowing the soil and adding organic fertilizer to improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content and promote healthy root growth. Reasonable soil management helps balance the tree's vegetative growth and reproductive growth, thereby controlling excessive growth.

[0037] Chemical regulation, using plant growth regulators, including paclobutrazol and chlormequat, to control the vigorous growth of trees; using plant growth regulators can inhibit the synthesis of gibberellins, slow down cell division and elongation, and thus control the growth rate of branches. When using, pay attention to the recommended dosage in the instructions to avoid drug damage.

[0038] Orchard grass, planting grass in the orchard, including clover and ryegrass, can increase soil organic matter and improve soil structure. At the same time, it can reduce some of the nutritional growth of fruit trees through competition, thus helping to control the vigorous growth of the trees.

[0039] In summary, the present invention improves tree nutrition, applies basal fertilizer in time, mainly organic fertilizer, and applies appropriate phosphorus and potash fertilizers in combination, sprays foliar fertilizers during the growth period, supplements trace elements such as boron and zinc, etc., to promote flower bud differentiation and increase fruit setting rate. Optimize pollination conditions, configure suitable pollination trees, and improve pollination success rate by means of bee release or artificial pollination, thereby increasing fruit setting rate. Enhance tree stress resistance, and enhance tree stress resistance and disease resistance through reasonable pruning, pest control and other measures, and reduce physiological fruit drop. Control tree vigorous growth, and control tree vigorous growth by spraying plant growth regulators such as paclobutrazol, promote vegetative growth to transform into reproductive growth, and improve flower bud differentiation rate and fruit setting rate.

[0040] These measures need to be adjusted and implemented in a targeted manner after understanding the actual situation of the specific orchard, in order to achieve the best effect of improving the flowering and fruit setting rate.

[0041] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the flowering and fruit setting rate of big cherries, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Improve tree nutrition, apply base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, spray foliage during the growth period, supplement trace elements, and promote flower bud differentiation; S2. Optimize pollination conditions, configure pollination trees, and increase the pollination success rate through bee release and artificial pollination, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate; S3. Enhance the tree's stress resistance, enhance the tree's stress resistance and disease resistance through pruning and pest and disease control, and reduce physiological fruit drop; S4. Control the vigorous growth of trees by spraying paclobutrazol plant growth regulator to control the vigorous growth of trees, promote the transformation of vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and increase the flower bud differentiation rate and fruit setting rate.

2. The method for increasing the flowering and fruit setting rate of big cherry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base fertilizer is applied in autumn to restore tree vigor, increase nutrient accumulation, and improve cold resistance. The base fertilizer uses fermented organic fertilizer, and about 4000 grams is applied per mu; topdressing is mainly quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and is mainly carried out before flowering, during the young fruit development period, during the flower bud differentiation period, and after fruit picking; during the growing period, foliar spraying is carried out to supplement trace elements, and boron is mainly used as the trace element. Spraying 0.3% borax 1-2 times during the flowering period can promote the increase of fruit setting rate, and spraying 3% urea 1-2 times when the flowers are withering can shorten the nutrient conversion period.

3. The method for improving the flowering and fruit setting rate of big cherry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pollination trees are selected from varieties with a similar flowering period to the main varieties and a large amount of pollen. The proportion of pollination trees should account for 20% of the total number of plants.

4. The method for improving the flowering and fruit setting rate of big cherry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bee-releasing method includes placing 15 to 30 boxes of bees or 5,000 to 7,000 wall bees per hectare of orchard during the flowering period.

5. The method for increasing the flowering and fruit setting rate of big cherry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The artificial pollination includes shaking pollination and spot pollination. Artificial pollination should be performed 2 to 3 times to improve the pollination rate. During the flowering period, if there is continuous rain and low temperature, natural pollination is blocked, and artificial assisted pollination can be performed. The shaking pollination is to collect pollen, mix it with talcum powder or starch, put it into a gauze bag, and shake it on the tree crown for pollination between 8 am and 5 pm; The point pollination is to dip the pollen with a writing brush or an eraser head and then point pollinate it on the stigma of the flower.

6. The method for increasing the flowering and fruit setting rate of big cherry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pruning is used to enhance the ventilation and light transmission of trees and control the vigorous growth of trees, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, while concentrating the nutrient supply and improving the resistance of trees; the pruning focuses on removing diseased and insect-infested branches, overcrowded branches and weak branches, and retaining healthy and vigorously growing branches; for vigorous growing branches, they can be appropriately shortened to remove apical dominance, promote branching, and increase the number of fruiting branches; for overcrowded branches and crossed branches, they are thinned out to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions inside the crown.

7. The method for increasing the flowering and fruit setting rate of big cherry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pest and disease control mentioned above includes regular inspection of the health status of trees, timely detection and treatment of pest and disease problems, and the use of a combination of physical control, biological control and chemical control to reduce the damage of pests and diseases to trees; physical control includes the use of water to flush and shake off pests and diseases; biological control includes the release of natural enemies to prey on pests and diseases; chemical control includes the use of pesticides for spraying; and the construction of shade nets, windbreaks, and the wrapping of straw ropes around tree trunks to provide supports to reduce the direct impact of adverse external conditions on trees.

8. The method for increasing the flowering and fruit setting rate of big cherry according to claim 1, characterized in that: The paclobutrazol plant growth regulator is sprayed with 30 mg / L gibberellin solution or 0.3% borax solution during the flowering period to increase the fruit setting rate.

9. The method for increasing the flowering and fruit setting rate of big cherry according to claim 1, characterized in that: Controlling tree growth also includes soil management, chemical regulation and orchard grassing; The soil management includes deep tillage of the soil and application of organic fertilizer to improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content and promote healthy root growth; Proper soil management helps balance the tree's vegetative and reproductive growth, thus controlling excessive growth; The chemical regulation uses plant growth regulators, including paclobutrazol and chlormequat, to control the vigorous growth of the tree. Plant growth regulators can inhibit the synthesis of gibberellins, slow down cell division and elongation, and thus control the growth rate of branches. The orchard grass is planted in the orchard. The grass includes clover and ryegrass, which can increase soil organic matter and improve soil structure. At the same time, it can reduce part of the vegetative growth of fruit trees through competition and control the vigorous growth of the trees.

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