A three-dimensional geological model visualization method integrating multi-source data and related devices

Abstract

This paper proposes a 3D geological modeling method that integrates data from different geological data formats and different exploration and analysis sources. This method facilitates the rapid batch extraction of borehole data, 3D modeling of geological structures, data fusion of geophysical interpretation results, and the construction of 3D models of geological anomalies (water-rich anomalies, collapse columns, caves, goafs, or underground structures and facilities). It can integrate and visualize various exploration and analysis results. This method can be applied to the design and development of projects such as subway tunnel shields, mine roadway excavation, mineral resource mining, and mine geological support systems. It provides visual analysis and decision-making assistance for the deployment and formulation of development projects, and lays the foundation for the construction of transparent and intelligent mines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional geological modeling, and in particular to a three-dimensional geological model visualization method integrating multi-source data and a related device thereof. Background Art

[0002] As early as 1992, the International Association of Exploration Geophysicists and the European Association of Exploration Geophysicists established the SEG / EARG 3D Modeling Committee. In 1993, Canadian scholar Simon W. Houlding proposed the concept of 3D geological modeling and elaborated on several basic methods for implementing 3D geological visualization, including triangulation generation, triangulation surface model construction, 3D triangulation solidification, and the delineation and connection of geological body boundaries. These methods essentially reflected the core achievements of 3D geological visualization technology at the time. To address the unique characteristics and complexity of geological modeling, Professor Mallet of France proposed the discrete smooth interpolation (DSI) technique. Based on this technology, the University of Nancy in France developed the well-known commercial 3D geological modeling software GOCAD. In 2013, it merged with SKUA Software to become SKUA-GOCAD. GOCAD enables modeling of complex geological entities such as faults and folds, integration and analysis of multi-source geophysical data, underground resource exploration, and simulation and prediction of geological hazards.

[0003] Leapfrog Geo is a modeling software used in the field of geological modeling and visualization. It has a friendly modeling interface, focuses on intuitiveness and real-time visualization, and is mostly used in the fields of mineral exploration and geological engineering.

[0004] Petrel is a Windows-based 3D modeling software developed by Schlumberger. It is widely used in rock physics modeling, structural modeling, deterministic and stochastic sedimentary facies modeling, etc. It mainly includes three modules: exploration analysis, comprehensive development analysis, and drilling production. It integrates seismic interpretation, structural simulation, lithofacies simulation, reservoir properties, numerical simulation display, and virtual reality functions.

[0005] The earliest research in 3D geological modeling and visualization in China began with the 1998 construction by Chen Changyan and others of a 3D visualization model of the Three Gorges Permanent Ship Lock Slope Project. This model, along with their research on spatial fitting functions for geological bodies, led to the development of China's first 3D visualization computer program. Subsequently, Beijing Oriental Titan Technology Co., Ltd. developed TITAN T3D, which uses parallel or nearly parallel profile data to create true 3D solid models of objects of arbitrary complexity in 3D space. Beijing Lizheng Information Technology Co., Ltd.'s Lizheng Geographic Information System Development Platform software can create 3D digital geological models using contour lines or scattered terrain elevation points.

[0006] In the open source software world, Gempy is an open source Python library developed by the University of Aachen in Germany for geological modeling and data analysis. It aims to help geologists, geological model builders, and resource assessors build complex 3D geological models. Gempy allows users to describe geological entities such as strata and faults, handle complex fault relationships, customize geological attributes, and intuitively display geological models using integrated visualization tools.

[0007] The core of 3D geological modeling lies in algorithms and visualization in 3D space. Different modeling software programs have their own core algorithms for generating geological geometry, simulating geological processes, and performing calculations. Visualization, on the other hand, relies on computer vision technology, and different modeling software programs have corresponding visualization solutions.

[0008] Traditional 3D geological modeling software can create beautiful and detailed 3D geological models based on abundant data, but it has the following drawbacks:

[0009] 1. Commercial 3D geological modeling software has a very high threshold for use, requiring modelers to have professional modeling theoretical knowledge and proficient software operation techniques. The operation steps when building a model are relatively complex, and the completeness of data is required to be high. If data cannot be collected according to the type and format required by the software, it will be difficult to build a model.

[0010] 2. Professional 3D geological modeling software has complex functions and poor practical application convenience. It is difficult to apply to engineering scenarios that require rapid establishment of 3D strata, and lacks modeling and integration functions for underground structures and geological anomalies.

[0011] 3. The data interoperability between different modeling software is extremely poor, making data sharing difficult.

[0012] 4. The three-dimensional geological model established by the existing modeling software is difficult to operate independently of the platform software platform, and the model cannot be used independently after it is built. Summary of the Invention

[0013] In order to address the defects existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a three-dimensional geological model visualization method and related devices that integrate multi-source data, which can integrate basic geological data, drilling data, and geophysical interpretation data, and can integrate model data generated by commercial modeling software to form a three-dimensional geological model visualization method that integrates multi-source data.

[0014] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a three-dimensional geological model visualization method integrating multi-source data, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1: Batch extraction of modeling data, classifying data from multiple sources into four types:

[0016] (1) Basic geological data, including borehole histograms, planar geological maps, and cross-sectional maps. Stratigraphic data are extracted from the borehole histograms, the occurrence data of each stratum are extracted from the planar geological maps, and the spatial location and occurrence data of strata and faults are extracted from the cross-sectional maps.

[0017] (2) Underground structure data, extracting geometric data of underground structures;

[0018] (3) Geological anomaly data: obtaining spatial location and geometric point cloud data of water-rich areas, caves, and collapse columns through geophysical interpretation data;

[0019] (4) Data from other sources: supports importing data created by 3D geological modeling software, such as exported data (*.vtu format) from software such as Leapfrog Geo and GeoModeller, supports direct import of GOCAD's TSurf data (*.ts format), and imports of XYZ data or other text file formats generated by other modeling software such as Petrel, covering the data format types of mainstream 3D geological modeling software; data format types of other 3D geological modeling software can also be converted and imported using the data format conversion principle of the present invention;

[0020] S2: Generate a model based on the data extracted in S1, including:

[0021] (1) Generate basic geological model: Generate surface model data of strata and faults from data extracted from geological maps, cross-sections, and drill hole histograms;

[0022] (2) Generate a three-dimensional geometric model of the underground structure: Generate three-dimensional geometric model data based on the size of the underground structure;

[0023] (3) Generate geological anomaly model: Based on the geophysical interpretation results, generate a three-dimensional model of the geological anomaly through the spatial point cloud, and at the same time, establish a structured data table to save the attribute data of the geological anomaly;

[0024] (4) Model for generating data from other sources: by writing format conversion code to convert other file formats into *.vtu format data, achieving data format unification;

[0025] S3: Model fusion rendering, which models the spatial position topological relationship of the model data in S2 through spatial coordinate matching, realizes data integration in a unified three-dimensional spatial coordinate system, and performs three-dimensional rendering of the above model in the Vedo framework to achieve three-dimensional visualization.

[0026] Preferably, in said S1, the underground structures include lanes, tunnels, chambers, and engineering piles.

[0027] Preferably, in S1, the basic geological data extraction method is:

[0028] S11: Digitize the boundaries of geological entities based on the planar geological map and assign three-dimensional coordinates and occurrence information to the geological entity interface points in combination with the digital elevation model. For the borehole histogram and profile, batch read the relative coordinates of point and line elements and their insertion points, perform coordinate conversion based on the borehole coordinates, obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the stratum and fault elements, and extract the layer point data.

[0029] S12: constructing a stratigraphic sequence relationship table based on the extracted stratification point data and occurrence data, setting the contact relationship between each interface, and constructing the stratigraphic interface using the interpolation method;

[0030] S13: Generate *.vtu format data for each constructed stratigraphic interface.

[0031] Preferably, the method for generating a three-dimensional geometric model of an underground structure in S2 is: extracting the cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnel or tunnel based on the cross-section of the tunnel or tunnel, and generating the three-dimensional geometric model data of the tunnel or tunnel based on the center line of the tunnel or tunnel; and generating the three-dimensional geometry of the chamber and engineering pile body based on their design dimensions.

[0032] 5. A three-dimensional geological model visualization method integrating multi-source data according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method of generating a model from data from other sources in S2 is: converting other file formats into *.vtu format by writing format conversion code, specifically: parsing the content of files in other formats, traversing the files, and storing the model data of each stratum in a dictionary in the form of key-value pairs, wherein the name of each stratum interface is used as the key, and the array consisting of the corresponding interface point coordinate data and the triangulation corner point data is used as the value, thereby extracting the data body from the file, reconstructing the data body using VTK technology, and generating a *.vtu data file.

[0033] Preferably, the method of model fusion rendering in S3 is:

[0034] S31: Build the modeling space in Vedo, set the modeling range and model resolution, and construct the model scalar field;

[0035] S32: VTU data is directly read and added to the modeling space for display;

[0036] S33: Line data: Use point cloud coordinate data to construct smooth curves, set line width and color, and then select different representations based on actual applications; for stratum and fault surface data, set the elevation range for stratum rendering, specify the line style for stratum elements, and add each stratum to the modeling space for display;

[0037] S34: Each type of geological body has several stratigraphic interface constraints. The corner points in the scalar field are assigned values ​​according to the constraint range of the layer model to represent different types of stratigraphic layers.

[0038] S35: Render stratigraphic layers, faults, underground structures, and geological anomalies, add legends and coordinate axes, and output them as HTML files to complete the web-based visualization of the geological model.

[0039] A 3D geological model visualization system integrating multi-source data, comprising:

[0040] Data processing module, used for batch extraction of modeling data;

[0041] Data integration module, used to generate data models;

[0042] Fusion rendering module, used for model rendering and 3D visualization;

[0043] Model export module, used for model web page display and control.

[0044] An electronic device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the above-mentioned three-dimensional geological model visualization method for fusing multi-source data.

[0045] A storage medium is provided, wherein the storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium and stores a computer program. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the above-mentioned method for visualizing a three-dimensional geological model by fusing multi-source data.

[0046] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention proposes a data fusion and three-dimensional geological modeling method for different geological data formats and different exploration and analysis sources, which can conveniently realize the batch rapid extraction of drilling data, three-dimensional modeling of geological structures, data fusion of geophysical interpretation results, and construction of three-dimensional models of geological anomalies (water-rich anomaly areas, collapse columns, caves, goafs or underground building facilities), and can integrate and visualize the exploration and analysis results.

[0047] The present invention can be applied to the design and development of projects such as subway tunnel shields, mine roadway excavation, mineral resource mining, and mine geological support systems. It can provide visual analysis and decision-making assistance for the deployment and plan formulation of development projects, and lay the foundation for building transparent mines and smart mines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the demarcation point extraction result of the bedrock stratum in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of constructing a stratum interface using an interpolation method in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the tunnel centerline in the subway design scheme in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 is a tunnel geometry model diagram of a subway design solution according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a geological anomaly model in an embodiment of this method;

[0054] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the results of importing other model data in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the effect of the modeling results in an embodiment of the present invention running and displaying on a web page.

[0056] The accompanying drawings, as part of this disclosure, are intended to provide a further understanding of the disclosure. The exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and their descriptions are intended to explain the disclosure and do not constitute undue limitations thereon. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely examples, and those skilled in the art can derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0057] It should be noted that these drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the conceptual scope of the present invention in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of the present invention for those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] The following uses the three-dimensional geological modeling of a subway shield tunnel section as an example to illustrate the specific details and originality of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the method flow of the present invention mainly includes four steps:

[0060] S1: Data Processing

[0061] (1) Generate basic geological model

[0062] S11: Extraction of basic geological data and model generation: digital processing of geological entity boundaries based on geological maps, and assignment of three-dimensional coordinates and occurrence information of geological entity interface points in combination with digital elevation models; for borehole histograms and profiles, a program is written to batch read the relative coordinates of points, line elements, and their insertion points, and coordinate conversion is performed based on borehole coordinates to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of strata and fault elements. From the borehole histograms and profiles of the subway shield section, the layered point data of the bedrock strata is extracted, such as Figure 2 .

[0063] S12: Based on the extracted layer point data and occurrence data, a stratigraphic sequence relationship table is constructed, the contact relationship between each interface is set, and the stratigraphic interface is constructed using methods such as universal kriging interpolation, surface spline interpolation or radial basis function interpolation, such as Figure 3 .

[0064] S13: Generate *.vtu format data for each constructed stratigraphic interface.

[0065] (2) Generate models of underground structures and geological anomalies

[0066] Taking the subway shield tunnel as an example, according to the tunnel centerline in the subway design plan (such as Figure 4 ), set the size of the tunnel section geometry (set the section radius for a circular tunnel section), and generate a tunnel geometry model, such as Figure 5 .

[0067] The coordinates of the control points on the surface of the geological anomaly are extracted based on the geophysical interpretation results. The surface model of the anomaly is generated using the convex hull algorithm or 3D Delaunay subdivision technology, including:

[0068] Step 1: Obtain the spatial coordinate points of the anomaly's contour through geophysical interpretation, and use the convex hull algorithm to build the anomaly surface model, or perform 3D Delaunay segmentation on the coordinate points to build the anomaly surface model;

[0069] Step 2: Perform topological operations on the constructed anomaly model and the geological model to embed the anomaly into the geological model;

[0070] Step 3: Using the difference in lithology between the filling of the anomaly and other strata, the attributes of the anomaly are divided and assigned (filling description, density, water content, water conductivity, electrical conductivity, etc.) to highlight the difference between the anomaly and other geological bodies;

[0071] The results are as follows Figure 6 shown.

[0072] (3) Integration and fusion of other model data:

[0073] Import the stratigraphic model output file constructed by other modeling software. Take the TSurf data file as an example. Parse the contents of the *.ts file and traverse the file to store the model data of each stratigraphic layer in a dictionary in the form of key-value pairs. The name of each stratigraphic interface is used as the key, and the array consisting of the corresponding interface point coordinate data and triangulated network corner point data is used as the value. The data volume in the TSurf file is extracted and reconstructed using VTK technology to generate a *.vtu data file. The result is as follows: Figure 7 The importing of data in other formats follows a similar processing principle.

[0074] (4) Model visualization rendering:

[0075] Step 1: Build a modeling space in Vedo, set the modeling range and model resolution, and construct a model scalar field.

[0076] Step 2: VTU data is directly read and added to the modeling space for display.

[0077] Step 3: Line data: Use the point cloud coordinate data of point features to construct smooth curves, set line width and color, and then choose different representations based on the actual application. For stratum and fault plane data, set the elevation range for stratum rendering, specify the line style for stratum features, and add each stratum to the modeling space for display.

[0078] Step 4: Each type of geological body has several stratigraphic interface constraints. According to the constraints of the layer model, corner points in the scalar field are assigned values ​​to represent different types of stratigraphic layers. For geological anomalies such as caves, the geological anomaly is assumed to be a regular ellipsoid. The coordinates of the ellipsoid corner points are determined based on drilling data and profiles. The ellipsoid interface function is then calculated and used as a constraint to assign values ​​to the internal scalar field corner points, achieving a fusion reconstruction of the geological anomaly and the geological model.

[0079] Step 5: Render the stratigraphic layers, faults, underground structures, and geological anomalies, add legends and coordinate axes, and output them as HTML files to complete the web-based visualization of the geological model. Figure 8 shown.

[0080] In some embodiments of the present invention, an electronic device is further provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the steps of the above-mentioned method for visualizing a three-dimensional geological model by fusing multi-source data.

[0081] In some embodiments of the present invention, a storage medium is further provided. The storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the above-mentioned method for visualizing a three-dimensional geological model by fusing multi-source data.

[0082] In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are described. However, it is understood that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques are not shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this description.

[0083] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that, although some embodiments described herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not other features, combinations of features from different embodiments are also intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the above embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to use them in combination based on the known technical solutions and the technical problems to be solved by this application.

[0084] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any form of limitation to the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in terms of a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with this patent can make slight changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments using the above-mentioned technical contents without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for visualizing a three-dimensional geological model by integrating multi-source data, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1: Batch extraction of modeling data, classifying data from multiple sources into four types: (1) Basic geological data, including borehole histograms, planar geological maps, and cross-sectional maps. Stratigraphic data are extracted from the borehole histograms, the occurrence data of each stratum are extracted from the planar geological maps, and the spatial location and occurrence data of strata and faults are extracted from the cross-sectional maps. (2) Underground structure data, extracting geometric data of underground structures; (3) Geological anomaly data: obtaining spatial location and geometric point cloud data of water-rich areas, caves, and collapse columns through geophysical interpretation data; (4) Data from other sources, including all data that can be imported into 3D geological modeling software; S2: Generate a model based on the data extracted in S1, including: (1) Generate basic geological models, and comprehensively generate surface model data volumes of strata and faults from data extracted from geological maps, cross-sections, and drill hole histograms; (2) Generate a three-dimensional geometric model of the underground structure, and generate three-dimensional geometric model data based on the size and spatial position of the underground structure; (3) Generate geological anomaly model: Based on the geophysical interpretation results, generate a three-dimensional model of the geological anomaly through the spatial point cloud, and at the same time, create a structured data table to save the attribute data of the geological anomaly; (4) Model for generating data from other sources: by writing format conversion code to convert other file formats into *.vtu format data, achieving data format unification; S3: Model fusion rendering: The model data in S2 is matched with spatial coordinates to model the spatial position topological relationship, and the data is integrated in a unified 3D spatial coordinate system. The above model is rendered in 3D in the Vedo framework to achieve 3D visualization. In S1, the basic geological data extraction method is: S11: Digitize the boundaries of geological entities based on the planar geological map and assign three-dimensional coordinates and occurrence information to the geological entity interface points in combination with the digital elevation model. For the borehole histogram and profile, batch read the relative coordinates of point and line elements and their insertion points, perform coordinate conversion based on the borehole coordinates, obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the stratum and fault elements, and extract the layer point data. S12: constructing a stratigraphic sequence relationship table based on the extracted stratification point data and occurrence data, setting the contact relationship between each interface, and constructing the stratigraphic interface using the interpolation method; S13: Generate *.vtu format data for each constructed stratigraphic interface; The method for generating the geological anomaly model in S2 is: extracting the coordinates of the control points on the surface of the geological anomaly according to the geophysical interpretation results of the geological anomaly, and generating the surface model of the anomaly using a convex hull algorithm or a three-dimensional Delaunay partitioning technique, including: Step 1: Obtain the spatial coordinate points of the anomaly's contour through geophysical interpretation, and use the convex hull algorithm to build the anomaly surface model, or perform 3D Delaunay segmentation on the coordinate points to build the anomaly surface model; Step 2: Perform topological operations on the constructed anomaly model and the geological model to embed the anomaly into the geological model; Step 3: Using the difference in lithology between the filling of the anomaly and other formations to divide and assign the attributes of the anomaly, so as to highlight the difference between the anomaly and other geological bodies; The method for generating a model from data from other sources in S2 is: converting other file formats into *.vtu format by writing format conversion code, specifically: parsing the content of files in other formats, traversing the files, and storing the model data of each stratum in a dictionary in the form of key-value pairs, wherein the name of each stratum interface is used as the key, and the array consisting of the corresponding interface point coordinate data and triangulation corner point data is used as the value, thereby extracting the data body in the file, reconstructing the data body using VTK technology, and generating a *.vtu data file; The method for model fusion rendering in S3 is: S31: Build the modeling space in Vedo, set the modeling range and model resolution, and construct the model scalar field; S32: VTU data is directly read and added to the modeling space for display; S33: Line data: Use point cloud coordinate data to construct smooth curves, set line width and color, and then select different representations based on actual applications; for stratum and fault surface data, set the elevation range for stratum rendering, specify the line style for stratum elements, and add each stratum to the modeling space for display; S34: Each type of geological body has several stratigraphic interface constraints. The corner points in the scalar field are assigned values ​​according to the constraint range of the layer model to represent different types of stratigraphic layers. S35: Render stratigraphic layers, faults, underground structures, and geological anomalies, add legends and coordinate axes, and output them as HTML files to complete the web-based visualization of the geological model.

2. The method for visualizing a three-dimensional geological model by fusing multi-source data according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, underground structures include lanes, tunnels, chambers, and engineering piles.

3. The method for visualizing a three-dimensional geological model by fusing multi-source data according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for generating the three-dimensional geometric model of the underground structure in S2 is as follows: extracting the cross-sectional dimensions of the tunnel or tunnel based on the cross-section of the tunnel or tunnel, and generating the three-dimensional geometric model data of the tunnel or tunnel based on the center line of the tunnel or tunnel; the three-dimensional geometry of the chamber and engineering pile body is generated according to their design dimensions.

4. A 3D geological model visualization system integrating multi-source data, characterized by: The system is used to realize the three-dimensional geological model visualization method of integrating multi-source data according to any one of claims 1 to 3. include: Data processing module, used for batch extraction of modeling data; Data integration module, used to generate data models; Fusion rendering module, used for model rendering and 3D visualization; Model export module, used for model web page display and control.

5. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that: The memory stores a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, enables the processor to perform the steps of the method for visualizing a three-dimensional geological model by fusing multi-source data as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. A storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement the steps of the three-dimensional geological model visualization method for fusing multi-source data according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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