A dual-polarized dual magnetoelectric dipole antenna based on heterogeneous laminated patches

Abstract

The dual-polarization dual magnetoelectric dipole antenna based on heterogeneous laminated patches of the present invention comprises a metal reflection floor, a dielectric substrate and a microstrip metal patch which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top. A dielectric patch with a parasitic metal strip at the bottom is suspended above the microstrip metal patch through a supporting dielectric block. The microstrip metal patch is used as a radiator and is fed to the dielectric patch through the supporting dielectric block. The antenna has three modes: TM of the microstrip metal patch 10 TM of mold and dielectric patch 01 TE of die and dielectric patch 12 Die, Microstrip Metal Patch TM 10 mode is multiplexed, respectively, with the TM of the microstrip metal patch 10 High-order TE of the die and dielectric patch 12 The module is composed of two magnetoelectric dipoles. The present invention makes full use of the multi-mode characteristics of the medium, combines the mode multiplexing method to achieve the expansion of the impedance bandwidth while maintaining the characteristics of the low profile, without adding an additional structure to expand the size of the antenna, and at the same time has a stable in-band radiation characteristic.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a dual-polarization dual magnetic electric dipole antenna based on a heterogeneous laminated patch. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous maturity of the fifth generation of mobile communication technology (5G) and the research on the sixth generation of communication technology (6G), mobile communication technology is constantly being updated and is about to enter the era of deep "Internet of Everything". The mobile communication system is constantly expanding, and the communication system is developing towards miniaturization, high capacity and high reliability. Antennas are the core components of wireless communication systems, and their performance plays a vital role in the quality of the entire communication system. Therefore, the demand for broadband, miniaturization and low cost of antennas is becoming increasingly urgent.

[0003] The classic magnetoelectric dipole antenna is excited by both the electric dipole and the magnetic dipole, and usually has only two working modes. Increasing the resonance point can expand the impedance bandwidth of the magnetoelectric dipole antenna, but usually not much attention is paid to the radiation bandwidth of the antenna; however, in order to obtain stable energy coverage and avoid signal blind spots, stable radiation performance (flat gain, good front-to-back ratio, etc.) within a wide impedance bandwidth is also indispensable. Therefore, this puts higher requirements on the effective radiation bandwidth of the antenna. The classic magnetoelectric dipole antenna is severely restricted in its application in scenes with compact space or limited height due to its three-dimensional structure and high profile. Therefore, compact structure has become a basic requirement for the design of new magnetoelectric dipole antennas. In summary, how to achieve the simultaneous expansion of impedance bandwidth and effective radiation bandwidth while maintaining a low profile, and obtain a compact, high-performance broadband magnetoelectric dipole antenna design is still a huge technical bottleneck.

[0004] The dual magnetoelectric dipole antenna has become an antenna with great application value in communication systems due to its broadband and stable radiation characteristics. However, the modeling of dual magnetoelectric dipoles and the research on their antennas are only in their infancy. There is no systematic analysis and solution for key technologies such as how to make full use of the advantages of microstrip patches and dielectric patches to achieve simultaneous expansion of impedance bandwidth and effective radiation bandwidth under low profiles. Its application potential has not been fully explored, and there is still broad prospects and research space. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art and propose a dual magnetoelectric dipole antenna based on a hybrid dielectric patch and a metal patch. The present invention starts with the common metal patch and dielectric patch mode, based on the complementary source antenna theory and the equivalent circuit theory, and combines the mode multiplexing method to develop an application breakthrough of the dual magnetoelectric dipole of heterogeneous stacked patches.

[0006] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the dual-polarization dual magnetoelectric dipole antenna based on heterogeneous laminated patches proposed in the present invention comprises a metal reflection floor, a dielectric substrate and a microstrip metal patch which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, and is characterized in that: a dielectric patch is suspended above the microstrip metal patch through a supporting dielectric block, the microstrip metal patch acts as a radiator and feeds the dielectric patch through the supporting dielectric block, and the antenna has three modes: TM of the microstrip metal patch 10 Dielectric patch base mode TM 01 High-order TE of the die and dielectric patch 12 mode, the fundamental mode TM of the dielectric patch 01 mode is multiplexed, respectively, with the TM of the microstrip metal patch 10 High-order TE of the die and dielectric patch 12 The module is composed of two magnetoelectric dipoles, and a device for regulating the high-order mode TE of the dielectric patch is arranged below the dielectric patch. 12 parasitic metal strip at the mode resonant frequency.

[0007] Furthermore, there are four supporting dielectric blocks, and the supporting dielectric blocks are centrally symmetrically arranged on the diagonal lines of the microstrip metal patch.

[0008] Furthermore, four parasitic metal strips are provided on the lower surface of the dielectric patch, and the parasitic metal strips are orthogonally arranged on the axis of the dielectric patch.

[0009] When the microstrip metal patch (3) is excited and the surface current generated is along the x' direction, the TM 10 The mode is equivalent to an electric dipole along the x' direction. At this time, the fundamental mode TM of the dielectric patch excited by this mode 01 The mode is equivalent to a magnetic dipole along the y' direction, and the high-order mode TE of the dielectric patch 12 The module is equivalent to an electric dipole along the -x' direction. The electric dipole and the magnetic dipole with a working phase difference of 90 degrees are combined to form a magneto-electric dipole. The magnetic dipole is reused with the two electric dipoles to form the two magneto-electric dipoles.

[0010] Furthermore, the TM of the microstrip metal patch 10 The mode produces a low-frequency resonance point, which is adjusted by the side length of the microstrip metal patch; the fundamental mode TM of the dielectric patch 01 The mode generates a sub-low frequency resonance point, which is adjusted by the size of the supporting dielectric block and the position of the supporting dielectric block relative to the center of the microstrip metal patch; the high-order mode TE 12 The mode generates a high-frequency resonance point, and the high-frequency resonance point is formed by the high-order mode TE below the dielectric patch (6). 12 Mode field strength is strong, fundamental mode TM 01A parasitic metal strip (5) is added to a location where the mode field strength is relatively weak to pull it down to a desired frequency band, and the high-frequency resonance point is adjusted by the relative position of the parasitic metal strip.

[0011] The classic microstrip patch antenna adopts a stacked structure. It only needs to simply excite the lower radiation patch to obtain two patches working at the same time, so as to generate two resonance points within the specified frequency band, thereby realizing the broadband design of the microstrip patch antenna. The dielectric patch antenna is a new type of patch antenna proposed in recent years. Its low profile, multi-mode and other characteristics have the dual advantages of microstrip patch antenna and dielectric resonator antenna. In view of this, the heterogeneous laminated patch antenna designed by the present invention by cleverly combining the dielectric patch and the microstrip patch can effectively solve the above technical bottlenecks. On the one hand, since the dielectric patch has the multi-mode characteristics of the dielectric resonator, its different working modes can be equivalent to magnetic dipoles and electric dipoles respectively. Combined with the mode of the microstrip patch equivalent to the electric dipole, the mode multiplexing method can be used to construct a dual magnetic electric dipole model; the present invention can not only achieve the expansion of the antenna impedance bandwidth, but also maintain the stability of the in-band radiation performance. On the other hand, the microstrip patch is not only used as a radiator, but also as a feed for the medium. It is easy to integrate with the feed network and has strong array scalability. The integrated collaborative design of the two is convenient for optimizing the size and performance as a whole, which can effectively reduce the profile of the antenna and improve the overall radiation performance. Therefore, the heterogeneous laminated dual magnetic electric dipole antenna combining the dielectric patch and the microstrip patch can expand the bandwidth and stabilize the radiation performance while maintaining a low profile, effectively alleviate the space pressure of the system, meet the development direction and application requirements of future compact communication systems, and has important research significance. The present invention can not only enrich the theoretical system of dual magnetic electric dipole antennas, but also has great application potential and value in the field of wireless communications. The research results can provide important technical references for the field of modern mobile communications.

[0012] The present invention has the following characteristics:

[0013] 1. By reasonably setting the antenna working mode, the multi-mode characteristics of the medium are fully utilized, that is, two electric dipoles share one magnetic dipole in the form of a heterogeneous stacked antenna, so as to achieve broadband and maintain the stable radiation performance of the magnetic electric dipole antenna under the condition of a lower profile.

[0014] 2. The fundamental mode of the microstrip patch is used as the first electric dipole, and the fundamental mode and higher-order modes of the dielectric patch are set at high frequencies as the working modes of the magnetic dipole and electric dipole respectively. A metal strip is added under the dielectric patch, and the perturbation method is used to pull the higher-order mode of the dielectric patch down to the required frequency band. This design can also make full use of the beam controllable characteristics of the medium, obtain a wide and stable half-power beam width in a wide band, and a stable gain, thereby achieving the expansion of the effective radiation bandwidth of the antenna.

[0015] 3. The stacked design of heterogeneous patches fully utilizes the advantages of setting metal patches in the lower layer. The metal patches not only serve as radiators, but also as feeds for dielectric patches. The excitation reaches the upper parasitic patches through four connected supporting dielectric blocks. The supporting dielectric blocks are connected to the radiating dielectric patches. In the actual installation process, as a whole, SMT technology can be used in combination with metal patches printed on the dielectric substrate for installation, which is suitable for large-scale production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 FIG. 4 is an exploded view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 1 is a side view of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention and its related dimensions.

[0019] Figure 4 1 is a top view of the antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention and its related dimensions.

[0020] Figure 5 The resonant mode and equivalent principle diagram of the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention are shown in FIG. (1) TM of the microstrip metal patch 10 Mode; (2) TM of dielectric patch 01 Mode; (3) TE of dielectric patch 12 mold.

[0021] Figure 6 Magnetic field distribution on a plane perpendicular to the polarization direction at 3.45 GHz when the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention is excited at port 7.

[0022] Figure 7 Magnetic field distribution on a plane perpendicular to the polarization direction at 3.85 GHz when the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention is excited at port 7.

[0023] Figure 8 FIG. 4 is an S parameter curve diagram of the antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Fig. 9 The antenna of the embodiment of the present invention | S 11 |With the side length of the microstrip metal patch lp The changing curve

[0025] Fig.10 The antenna of the embodiment of the present invention | S 11 |As the distance between the supporting dielectric block and the center of the patch increases dz The changing curve

[0026] Fig.11 The antenna of the embodiment of the present invention |S 11 |With the side length of the supporting medium block wz The changing curve

[0027] Fig.12 for the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention with or without parasitic metal strip loading | S 11 |The curve graph

[0028] Fig.13 The antenna of the embodiment of the present invention | S 11 |Depending on the distance between the parasitic metal strip and the center of the patch dm The changing curve

[0029] Fig.14 Graph showing gain and half-power beam width of the antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Fig.15 FIG. 4 is a curve diagram of the radiation efficiency of the antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Fig.16 3.45 GHz and 3.85 GHz are the directional diagrams of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] The accompanying drawings are numbered as follows: 1-metal reflective floor; 2-dielectric substrate; 3-microstrip metal patch; 4-support dielectric block; 5-parasitic metal strip; 6-dielectric patch; 7-input signal interface; 8-input signal interface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further explained below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can more deeply understand the present invention and be able to implement it. However, the following reference examples are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the dual-polarized dual magnetoelectric dipole antenna based on the heterogeneous laminated patch of the embodiment of the present invention comprises a metal reflection floor 1, a dielectric substrate 2 and a microstrip metal patch 3 which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and a dielectric patch 6 with a parasitic metal strip 5 is suspended above the microstrip metal patch 3 through four supporting dielectric blocks 4. The supporting dielectric blocks 4 are arranged centrally and symmetrically on the diagonal of the microstrip metal patch 3, and four parasitic metal strips 5 are arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric patch 6, and the parasitic metal strips 5 are arranged orthogonally (in a cross shape) on the two axes of the dielectric patch 6. The antenna of this embodiment also includes a feeding network, which includes an input metal microstrip line connected to the feeding microstrip port and a step impedance line for impedance matching transition, and the feeding network excites the antenna of this embodiment through the feeding microstrip port. The step impedance line extends to the edge of the dielectric substrate 2 so as to connect the input signal interface 7 and the input signal interface 8.

[0035] The dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 2 is 3.0 and the thickness is 0.762 mm. The metal reflective floor 1 is obtained by copper-plating the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 2, and the thickness is 1 oz. The microstrip metal patch 3 is printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 2, and the thickness of the microstrip metal patch 3 is 1 oz. The dielectric constant of the dielectric patch 6 is 20.5 and the thickness is 4.5 mm. Four parasitic metal strips 5 are printed on the lower surface of the dielectric patch 6, and the thickness of the parasitic metal strips 5 is also 1 oz.

[0036] Signals of equal amplitude are input from the input signal interface 7 and the input signal interface 8, and the excitation is realized by inputting two microstrip lines at two adjacent corners on the same side of the microstrip metal patch 3 at an angle of 45°. The supporting dielectric block 4 serves as an excitation channel (excitation dielectric patch 6) and a support for the dielectric patch 6. The microstrip metal patch 3 acts as a radiator and feeds the dielectric patch 6 through the supporting dielectric block 4.

[0037] The parameters of the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention are shown in the following table:

[0038]

[0039] In the table, ld is the side length of dielectric patch 6, hd is the thickness of the dielectric patch 6, hz is the height of the supporting medium block 4, h is the thickness of the dielectric substrate 2, t is the thickness of the metal reflective floor 1, the microstrip metal patch 3 and the parasitic metal strip 5, lf is the length of the 45-degree inclined portion of the input microstrip line, wf 1 is the width of the first section of the input microstrip line step impedance, dz is the distance between the supporting dielectric block 4 and the center of the patch, lm is the length of the parasitic metal strip 5, dmis the distance between the parasitic metal strip 5 and the center point of the dielectric patch 6, wm is the width of the parasitic metal strip 5, lp is the side length of the microstrip metal patch, ls is the side length of the metal reflective floor 1 and the dielectric substrate 2, wf 2 is the width of the second section of the input microstrip line step impedance, wz is the side length of the supporting medium block 4.

[0040] The antenna of the present invention has three modes: TM of microstrip metal patch 10 Dielectric patch base mode TM 01 High-order TE of the die and dielectric patch 12 Mode, fundamental mode TM of dielectric patch 01 mode is multiplexed, respectively, with the TM of the microstrip metal patch 10 High-order TE of the die and dielectric patch 12 The three modes are equivalent to electric dipoles or magnetic dipoles. Figure 5 Specifically, when the microstrip metal patch is excited and the surface current generated is along the x' direction, the TM 10 The mode is equivalent to an electric dipole along the x' direction. At this time, the fundamental mode TM of the dielectric patch excited by this mode 01 The mode is equivalent to a magnetic dipole along the y' direction, and the high-order mode TE of the dielectric patch 12 The module is equivalent to an electric dipole along the -x' direction. The electric dipole and the magnetic dipole with a working phase difference of 90° are combined to form a magnetic electric dipole. The magnetic dipole is reused with the two electric dipoles to form two magnetic electric dipoles, so that the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention has dual polarity and dual magnetic electric dipoles. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The magnetic field distribution at different time points t = 0 and t = T / 4 when port 7 is excited at 3.45 GHz and 3.85 GHz on the plane perpendicular to the polarization direction, respectively. t = 0, the magnetic field is a loop, which means that the antenna is t = 0, the electric dipole is excited, and t = T / 4, the magnetic field is along the polarization direction, the magnetic dipole is excited, the electric dipole and the magnetic dipole work simultaneously to form a set of magnetic electric dipoles; at 3.85GHz, t = 0 and t = T / 4, the magnetic dipoles and electric dipoles are excited respectively, thus forming another set of magnetic and electric dipoles.

[0041] The antenna is only 0.44 λ 0× 0.44 λ 0× 0.094 λ 0( λ 0 is the free space wavelength at 3.65 GHz), the cross-sectional height of the dual-polarized antenna example is set to not exceed 0.1 wavelength of the center frequency, which is much smaller than the cross-sectional height of 0.25 wavelength of the traditional magneto-electric dipole; Figure 8 The S parameter performance of the antenna of the present invention is shown, and the antenna meets the application requirements of base station antennas. S 11 |<-15 dB The impedance bandwidth is 19.2%, which can cover 3.3-4.0 GHz. The three resonance points are at 3.40 GHz, 3.75 GHz and 3.95 GHz. The port isolation within the impedance bandwidth| S 21 | are all greater than 20 dB. The three resonance points are respectively 10 Die, dielectric patch 6 TM 01 TE of die and dielectric patch 6 12 Model generation.

[0042] Microstrip Metal Patch 3 TM 10 The mode generates a low-frequency resonance point, which is adjusted by the side length of the microstrip metal patch 3, such as Fig. 9 As shown, by changing the side length of the microstrip metal patch 3, the low-frequency resonance point changes. Since the mode of the dielectric patch 6 is excited by the mode of the microstrip metal patch 3, it will also change. 01 The mode generates a sub-low frequency resonance point, which is adjusted by the side length of the supporting dielectric block 4 and the position of the supporting dielectric block 4 relative to the center of the microstrip metal patch 3, while affecting the high-frequency and high-order mode resonance points, such as Fig.10 and Fig.11 As shown. The high-order mode TE of dielectric patch 6 12 The mode generates high-frequency resonance points, and the high-order mode TE 12 The resonant frequency of the mode can be adjusted by the parasitic metal strip 5 provided under the dielectric patch 6. Fig.12 As shown, the high frequency resonance point is formed by the high-order mode TE below the dielectric patch 6. 12 Mode field strength is strong, fundamental mode TM 01 Add parasitic metal strips 5 where the mode field strength is weak to pull it down to the required frequency band, such as Fig.13 The high frequency resonance point shown is adjusted by the relative position of the parasitic metal strip 5 .

[0043] The radiation characteristics of the antenna are Fig.14The gain in the corresponding working frequency band fluctuates between 6.5-7.5 dBi, with a maximum change of only ±0.5 dBi; the half-power beamwidth has an in-band performance wider than 77.5°, specifically varying between 77.5°-81.5°, with a fluctuation of only ±2°. Fig.15 As shown. Fig.16 As shown in Figure 2, the normalized radiation patterns of the dual-polarized antenna at 3.45 GHz and 3.85 GHz are both "heart-shaped" patterns of standard magneto-electric dipole antennas. The antenna has an extremely low front-to-back ratio of less than -40 dB, and V Face to face H The radiation pattern of the plane has good consistency and the cross-polarization is less than -20 dB.

[0044] The specific implementation scheme described above further describes in detail the purpose, technical scheme and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above is only a specific implementation scheme of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by any technician in the field without departing from the concept and principle of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-polarized dual magnetoelectric dipole antenna based on a heterogeneous laminated patch, comprising a metal reflective floor (1), a dielectric substrate (2) and a microstrip metal patch (3) stacked in sequence from bottom to top, characterized in that: A dielectric patch (6) is suspended above the microstrip metal patch (3) via a supporting dielectric block (4); the microstrip metal patch (3) acts as a radiator and feeds the dielectric patch (6) via the supporting dielectric block (4); the antenna has three modes: TM of the microstrip metal patch 10 Dielectric patch base mode TM 01 High-order TE of the die and dielectric patch 12 mode, the fundamental mode TM of the dielectric patch 01 mode is multiplexed, respectively, with the TM of the microstrip metal patch 10 High-order TE of the die and dielectric patch 12 The module forms two magnetoelectric dipoles; a device for regulating the high-order mode TE of the dielectric patch (6) is arranged below the dielectric patch (6). 12 mode resonant frequency of the parasitic metal strip (5).

2. The dual-polarization dual magnetic electric dipole antenna based on heterogeneous laminated patches according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are four supporting dielectric blocks (4), and the supporting dielectric blocks (4) are centrally symmetrically arranged on the diagonal lines of the microstrip metal patch (3).

3. The dual-polarization dual magnetic electric dipole antenna based on heterogeneous laminated patches according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower surface of the dielectric patch (6) is provided with four parasitic metal strips (5), and the parasitic metal strips (5) are arranged orthogonally on the axis of the dielectric patch (6).

4. The dual-polarization dual magnetic electric dipole antenna based on heterogeneous laminated patches according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two adjacent corners on the same side of the microstrip metal patch (3) are provided with feeding microstrip ports for connecting to an input feeder line.

5. The dual-polarization dual magnetic electric dipole antenna based on heterogeneous laminated patches according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the microstrip metal patch (3) is excited and the surface current generated is along the x' direction, the TM 10 The mode is equivalent to an electric dipole along the x' direction. At this time, the fundamental mode TM of the dielectric patch excited by this mode 01 The mode is equivalent to a magnetic dipole along the y' direction, and the high-order mode TE of the dielectric patch 12 The module is equivalent to an electric dipole along the -x' direction. The electric dipole and the magnetic dipole with a working phase difference of 90° are combined to form a magneto-electric dipole. The magnetic dipole is reused with the two electric dipoles to form the two magneto-electric dipoles.

6. The dual-polarization dual magnetic electric dipole antenna based on heterogeneous laminated patches according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microstrip metal patch (3) TM 10 The mode generates a low-frequency resonance point, which is adjusted by the side length of the microstrip metal patch (3); the fundamental mode TM of the dielectric patch (6) 01 The mode generates a sub-low frequency resonance point, and the sub-low frequency resonance point is adjusted by the size of the supporting dielectric block (4) and the position of the supporting dielectric block (4) relative to the center of the microstrip metal patch (3); the high-order mode TE of the dielectric patch (6) 12 The mode generates a high-frequency resonance point, and the high-frequency resonance point is formed by the high-order mode TE below the dielectric patch (6). 12 Mode field strength is strong, fundamental mode TM 01 A parasitic metal strip (5) is added to a location where the mode field strength is relatively weak to pull it down to a desired frequency band, and the high-frequency resonance point is adjusted by the relative position of the parasitic metal strip (5).

7. The dual-polarization dual magnetic electric dipole antenna based on heterogeneous laminated patches according to claim 4, characterized in that: The antenna also includes a feeding network, which includes an input metal microstrip line connected to the feeding microstrip port and a step impedance line for impedance matching transition. The feeding network excites the antenna through the feeding microstrip port.

8. The dual-polarization dual magnetic electric dipole antenna based on heterogeneous laminated patches according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step impedance line extends to the edge of the dielectric substrate (2) so as to be connected to the input signal interface (7, 8).

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