Optical filter, preparation method thereof and colored organic solar cell containing optical filter

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of photoelectric devices, and particularly relates to preparation of a simple optical filter with a sandwich structure and application of the simple optical filter in an organic solar cell. The sandwich structure optical filter is simple in structure, short in process and controllable in precision. Through fine adjustment of the thickness of each layer of the optical filter, a transmission spectrum window of the optical filter can be effectively adjusted, and an aesthetic visual effect with rich colors is realized. The simple optical filter is loaded into the organic solar cell to obtain the semitransparent organic solar cell with a photoelectric conversion function and different transmission colors, and the aesthetic modification function further facilitates the application of the organic solar cell in the field of building photovoltaic integration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of optoelectronic devices, and in particular to a method for preparing a simple optical filter and application of the filter in an organic solar cell. Background Art

[0002] The energy crisis is accelerating the development and utilization of sustainable, renewable energy. Solar energy is inexhaustible, and how to effectively utilize it has become a major research hotspot. Organic solar cells can directly convert solar energy into electricity, becoming a major vehicle for utilizing solar energy. Organic solar cells have attracted widespread attention from industry and research due to their flexibility, solution processability, adjustable band gap, and controllable light absorption. Although the efficiency of organic solar cells has exceeded 20%, the single function of photoelectric conversion is no longer sufficient for their wide range of applications. The development of colored solar cells with both aesthetic and functional qualities has practical significance for their application in the field of integrated photovoltaics in buildings.

[0003] In the existing technology, multi-color is achieved by optically controlling the device by stacking dozens of thin films on top of the organic solar cell. The preparation process is complex, time-consuming and difficult to control, which undoubtedly increases the manufacturing cost of the device and seriously restricts the practical application of organic solar cells.

[0004] Therefore, developing a filter with a simple structure, simple preparation, and easy to precisely control the transmitted spectrum, and then loading it into organic solar cells to obtain a device with both photoelectric conversion and aesthetic modification functions, has practical significance for the commercialization process of organic solar cells. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the current problems of complex optical control system architecture, cumbersome preparation, and imprecise control, the present invention provides a method for preparing a filter that is simple and easy to prepare and can accurately control the transmission spectral window, and its application in organic solar cells.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a simple sandwich filter structure, including structures such as metal / inorganic oxide / metal, metal / organic matter / metal, metal oxide / metal / metal oxide, non-metal oxide / metal / non-metal oxide, etc.

[0007] Furthermore, the filter structure is metal / non-metal oxide / metal.

[0008] Furthermore, the metal is silver and the non-metal oxide is tellurium dioxide.

[0009] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a substrate for a filter, including a variety of substrate materials such as electronic grade glass, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), PEN, PDMS, TPU, silicon wafer, quartz, and ordinary glass.

[0010] Furthermore, the substrate is electronic grade glass.

[0011] In a third aspect, the present invention provides the optical thickness of each film system of a simple optical filter.

[0012] Furthermore, the thickness of silver fluctuates in the range of 8 nm-60 nm, and the thickness of the intermediate tellurium dioxide fluctuates in the range of 0.1 nm-300 nm.

[0013] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a simple optical filter. Silver is slowly vacuum-evaporated onto an electronic-grade glass surface, using a slow-to-fast evaporation method. Tellurium dioxide is then vacuum-evaporated, and finally silver is vacuum-evaporated.

[0014] Furthermore, the initial vacuum thermal evaporation rate of the first layer of silver was 0.1-1.0 Å / s, and the rate was increased to 1.0-5.0 Å / s after stable evaporation. The vacuum thermal evaporation rate of the second layer of tellurium dioxide was 0.2-5.0 Å / s, and the vacuum thermal evaporation rate of the third layer of silver was 1.0-5.0 Å / s.

[0015] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides an organic solar cell, which comprises, from top to bottom, a substrate, a transparent electrode, a hole transport layer, an active layer, an electron transport layer, and a top electrode.

[0016] Furthermore, the active layer is a polymer donor and a small molecule acceptor material.

[0017] Furthermore, the active layer comprises a polymer donor and a non-fullerene small molecule acceptor.

[0018] Furthermore, the substrate is glass, PET, PEN, PDMS, TPU, etc.; the transparent electrode is indium tin oxide, silver nanowires, carbon nanotubes, PEDOT:PSS, PH1000, etc.; the hole transport layer is PEDOT:PSS, molybdenum trioxide, etc.; the electron transport layer is zinc oxide, PEIE, PFN-Br, PNDIT-F3N-Br, etc.; the top electrode is silver, gold, copper, silver nanowires, PEDOT:PSS, PH1000, etc.

[0019] Among them, PET is polyethylene terephthalate, PEN is polyethylene naphthalate, PDMS is polydimethylsiloxane, TPU is thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, PEDOT:PSS is poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene / polystyrene sulfonate), PH1000 is doped and modified PEDOT:PSS, PEIE is polyethyleneimine, PFN-Br is poly (9,9-bis (3'-(N,N-dimethyl)-N-ethylaminopropyl-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)) dibromide, and PNDIT-F3N-Br is an n-type conjugated polyelectrolyte with a naphthimide ring.

[0020] In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides an application of preparing a colored organic solar cell by loading the above-mentioned simple color filter into an organic solar cell.

[0021] In a seventh aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing an organic solar cell. The specific preparation method is as follows: The ITO / glass was scrubbed with ethanol, dried in an oven at 70°C for 10 minutes, treated with UV-ozone for 15 minutes, spin-coated with PEDOT:PSS, annealed at 140°C for 20 minutes, and transferred to a glove box with an anhydrous and oxygen-free nitrogen atmosphere. The active layer was spin-coated on the PEDOT:PSS surface, annealed for 10 minutes, and then spin-coated with an electron transport layer. Silver, tellurium dioxide, and silver of different thicknesses were vacuum-evaporated in sequence to obtain a colorful organic solar cell.

[0022] The present invention provides a simple, easily fabricated filter with a sandwich structure. By subtly adjusting the thickness of each optical layer within the filter, the transmittance spectral window can be precisely controlled. Loading the filter onto an organic solar cell, it can produce organic solar cell devices with varying colors. By varying the thickness of each layer within the filter, the transmittance spectral window across the entire device can be precisely controlled, resulting in organic solar cell devices with diverse colors and aesthetically pleasing decorative features. These devices also boast photoelectric conversion efficiencies exceeding 13% and peak transmittance exceeding 30%. This promises to advance the practicality and commercialization of organic solar cells. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an organic solar cell loaded with a filter according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 21 is the optical transmission spectrum of Examples 1-7 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1.

[0026] Figure 3 These are optical photographs of Examples 9-15 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1 A simple structure filter The filter structure is silver / tellurium dioxide / silver. The first layer of silver is deposited on a clean glass surface by vacuum thermal evaporation at a rate of 0.1-1.0 Å / s. After stable evaporation, the rate is increased to 1.0-5.0 Å / s. The thickness of the first layer is 15 nm. Then, the evaporation source is switched to evaporate the second layer of tellurium dioxide at a rate of 0.2-5.0 Å / s to form a 35 nm layer. The third layer of silver is evaporated at a rate of 1.0-5.0 Å / s to form a 15 nm layer.

[0029] Example 2 A simple structure filter The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the optical film thickness of tellurium dioxide is 55 nm.

[0030] Example 3 A simple structure filter The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the optical film thickness of tellurium dioxide is 63 nm.

[0031] Example 4: A simple structure filter The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the optical film thickness of tellurium dioxide is 70 nm.

[0032] Example 5 A simple structure filter The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the optical film thickness of tellurium dioxide is 76 nm.

[0033] Example 6 A simple structure filter The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the optical film thickness of tellurium dioxide is 85 nm.

[0034] Example 7 A simple structure filter The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the optical film thickness of tellurium dioxide is 92 nm.

[0035] The present invention also provides an organic solar cell loaded with a filter. Figure 1 As shown, the solar cell structure from bottom to top is substrate, bottom electrode, hole transport layer, active layer, electron transport layer, metal, non-metal oxide, and metal. The remaining structure can be adjusted according to actual conditions and is not limited.

[0036] In certain embodiments, the specific implementation of each layer of material is as follows: the substrate is 2 mm thick glass, the bottom electrode is 0.2 nm thick ITO, the hole transport layer is PEDOT:PSS, the active layer is PM6:Y6, the electron transport layer is PFN-Br, the metal is elemental silver, and the non-metallic oxide is tellurium dioxide.

[0037] Example 8 A colorful organic solar cell The ITO / glass was scrubbed with ethanol, dried in an oven at 70°C for 10 minutes, treated with UV-ozone for 15 minutes, spin-coated with PEDOT:PSS at 3000 rpm for 40 seconds, annealed at 140°C for 20 minutes to dry and remove water, and transferred to a nitrogen atmosphere glove box with an anhydrous and oxygen-free atmosphere. A PM6:Y6 mixed solution (mass ratio 1:1.2, concentration 16.6 mg / ml) was spin-coated on the PEDOT:PSS surface at 4000 rpm for 45 seconds. After annealing at 100°C for 10 minutes, a 1 mg / ml PFN-Br electron transport layer dissolved in methanol was spin-coated. Silver, tellurium dioxide, and silver were vacuum-evaporated in sequence to obtain a colorful organic solar cell.

[0038] Example 9 A colorful organic solar cell The preparation method is the same as that of Example 8, except that the thickness of the filter is different. In this example, the method of Example 8 is applied to the filter of Example 1 to prepare an organic solar cell.

[0039] Example 10 A colorful organic solar cell The preparation method is the same as that of Example 8, except that the thickness of the filter is different. In this example, the method of Example 8 is applied to the filter of Example 2 to prepare an organic solar cell.

[0040] Example 11 A colorful organic solar cell The preparation method is the same as that of Example 8, except that the thickness of the filter is different. In this example, the method of Example 8 is applied to the filter of Example 3 to prepare an organic solar cell.

[0041] Example 12 A colorful organic solar cell The preparation method is the same as that of Example 8, except that the thickness of the filter is different. In this example, the method of Example 8 is applied to the filter of Example 4 to prepare an organic solar cell.

[0042] Example 13 A colorful organic solar cell The preparation method is the same as that of Example 8, except that the thickness of the filter is different. In this example, the method of Example 8 is applied to the filter of Example 5 to prepare an organic solar cell.

[0043] Example 14 A colorful organic solar cell The preparation method is the same as that of Example 8, except that the thickness of the filter is different. In this example, the method of Example 8 is applied to the filter of Example 6 to prepare an organic solar cell.

[0044] Example 15 A colorful organic solar cell The preparation method is the same as that of Example 8, except that the thickness of the filter is different. In this example, the method of Example 8 is applied to the filter of Example 7 to prepare an organic solar cell.

[0045] Comparative Example 1 Organic solar cell without filter The preparation method is the same as that of Example 8, except that the surface of the electron transport layer only has a layer of metal silver electrode instead of a silver / tellurium dioxide / silver filter structure.

[0046] Transmission spectrum tests were performed on the filters of Examples 1-7, and optical photographs were taken on the filters of Examples 9-15.

[0047] result: like Figure 2 As shown, the transmission spectra of Examples 1-7 have obvious transmission peaks in different bands, which clearly have a modulation function on the window of the transmitted light wave, and the transmission spectrum peak value is maintained above 50%. Optical photos ( Figure 3 ) shows that devices loaded with different filters exhibit different colors.

[0048] Compared with devices without filters, the use of the simple filter of the present invention loaded on the top of the organic solar cell can effectively control the spectral window of the entire device, develop organic solar cells with both photoelectric conversion and aesthetic decoration functions, and is conducive to the application of organic solar cells in the field of architectural photovoltaics.

[0049] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, persons of ordinary skill in the art may make various equivalent modifications or substitutions to the embodiments of the present invention, and such modifications or substitutions shall be within the scope of the present invention. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by persons skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention shall be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A filter, characterized in that: The filter has a sandwich structure, which is one of metal / non-metal oxide / metal, metal / organic matter / metal, metal oxide / metal / metal oxide, and non-metal oxide / metal / non-metal oxide.

2. The optical filter according to claim 1, characterized in that The structure is metal / non-metal oxide / metal; wherein the metal is silver and the non-metal oxide is tellurium dioxide.

3. The optical filter according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of silver is 8 nm-60 nm, and the thickness of tellurium dioxide is 0.1 nm-300 nm.

4. A method for preparing a filter as claimed in any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that: The initial rate of vacuum thermal evaporation of the first layer of silver is 0.1-1.0 Å / s, and the rate is increased to 1.0-5.0 Å / s after stable evaporation. The rate of vacuum thermal evaporation of the second layer of tellurium dioxide is 0.2-5.0 Å / s, and the rate of vacuum thermal evaporation of the third layer of silver is 1.0-5.0 Å / s.

5. A colorful organic solar cell, characterized in that: A filter comprising the filter according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or a filter prepared by the preparation method according to claim 4.

6. A colorful organic solar cell as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The substrate of the solar cell is one of electronic grade glass, polyethylene terephthalate, PEN, PDMS, TPU, silicon wafer, quartz, and ordinary glass.

7. A colorful organic solar cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The substrate of the solar cell is electronic grade glass.

Images