A surveying instrument for engineering surveying

Abstract

The present invention provides a surveying instrument for engineering surveying, belonging to the technical field of engineering surveying. A surveying instrument for engineering surveying includes a surveying instrument body, a base, a support plate, a connecting shaft, a concave positioning seat, a balance assembly, a clamping plate, a connecting frame, a protractor and a pointer; Before surveying, when the two clamping plates move away from the concave positioning seat in opposite directions, the present invention can form an automatic balance system adapting to the ground inclination under the coordinated cooperation of the horizontal plate, the suspension rope and the counterweight. Once the ground inclination causes the surveying instrument body to deviate from the horizontal state, the counterweight is driven by gravity and gently pulls the horizontal plate through the suspension rope, thereby prompting the surveying instrument body to automatically adjust to the horizontal position, ensuring the stability of the measurement reference. After the horizontal correction is completed, the clamping plates move towards each other again and tightly clamp the concave positioning seat, forming a stable support structure, effectively isolating external interference and improving the measurement accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engineering surveying and mapping, and in particular to a surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping. Background Art

[0002] A surveying instrument is an instrument designed and manufactured for surveying operations for data collection, processing, and output. It is usually various instruments required for measurement work in the planning, design, construction, and operation management stages of engineering construction, such as various instruments for orientation, distance measurement, angle measurement, height measurement, mapping, and photogrammetry. The instrument is installed on a telescopic tripod and placed between two observation points, and then the values are obtained through the lens observation.

[0003] During the actual use of existing surveying instruments in field surveying and mapping, due to the complexity of the construction environment, the phenomenon of uneven ground is extremely likely to occur. The uneven ground will cause the overall surveying instrument to be tilted. The data measured by the tilted surveying instrument has errors, and it is often difficult for the operator to judge and manually calibrate such a small tilt with the naked eye, nor can it be adjusted in real time during the surveying process to maintain the horizontal state of the surveying instrument, which greatly limits the accuracy and application range of the surveying instrument. For this reason, in view of this problem, the present invention proposes a surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping that can overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping includes a surveying instrument body and a base disposed below the surveying instrument body. It also includes a support plate vertically fixed at the center of the top of the base. A connecting shaft is rotatably provided on the support plate. A concave positioning seat corresponding to the upper part of the support plate is fixed on the connecting shaft. A balance assembly is connected between the top of the concave positioning seat and the bottom of the surveying instrument body. A pair of slidable clamping plates are provided on the connecting shaft. A connecting frame is fixed on one side of the clamping plate close to the end of the connecting shaft. A protractor is connected to the top of the connecting frame. A pointer for cooperating with the protractor is fixed at the end of the connecting shaft. When the two clamping plates move in opposite directions to a preset position, the clamping plates are in a non-contact state with the concave positioning seat. When the two clamping plates move towards each other to a preset position, the clamping plates are in a contact state with the concave positioning seat.

[0006] Preferably, the balance assembly includes a horizontal plate fixed between the top of the concave positioning seat and the bottom of the surveying instrument body. A pair of suspension ropes are connected to both sides of the bottom of the horizontal plate. Counterweights are fixed at the bottom ends of the suspension ropes.

[0007] Preferably, a bidirectional threaded rod is rotatably connected to the support plate, the clamping plate is threadedly connected to the bidirectional threaded rod, an installation groove is formed in the support plate, and a rotating mechanism is arranged in the installation groove for driving the bidirectional threaded rod to rotate.

[0008] Preferably, the rotating mechanism includes a driving part installed on the bottom wall of the installation groove, a first bevel gear is fixed to the output end of the driving part, a second bevel gear adapted to the first bevel gear is connected to the surface of the first bevel gear, and the second bevel gear is fixed to the bidirectional threaded rod.

[0009] Preferably, a telescopic member is arranged between the clamping plate and the top of the base for limiting the clamping plate when it moves.

[0010] Preferably, the telescopic member includes a vertical plate fixed to the top of the base, a connecting cylinder is fixed to the vertical plate, a moving block slides inside the connecting cylinder, a connecting rod is fixed to the moving block, and one end of the connecting rod extending outside the connecting cylinder is fixed to the clamping plate.

[0011] Preferably, an air duct is communicated between the connecting cylinder and the bottom of the connecting frame, an inlet and outlet that slides with the protractor is arranged at the top of the connecting frame, and an elastic member is arranged between the protractor and the bottom wall of the connecting frame.

[0012] Preferably, the elastic member includes a moving plate that fits against the inner wall of the connecting frame, a pair of springs are fixed between the bottom of the moving plate and the bottom wall of the connecting frame, and a pair of concave brackets are fixed between the top of the moving plate and the top of the protractor.

[0013] Preferably, when the moving plate contacts the top wall of the connecting frame, the protractor is located at the top of the connecting frame.

[0014] Preferably, when the moving plate does not contact the top wall of the connecting frame, the top of the concave bracket is flush with the top of the inlet and outlet, and the protractor is located inside the connecting frame.

[0015] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: Before surveying and mapping, when the two clamping plates move away from the concave positioning seat in opposite directions, the present invention can form an automatic ground inclination adaptation balance system under the coordinated cooperation of the horizontal plate, the suspension rope and the counterweight. When the ground is uneven and the surveying instrument body tilts, the counterweight pulls the horizontal plate through the suspension rope under the action of gravity, thereby driving the surveying instrument body to make a reverse adjustment until it reaches a horizontal state. After the horizontal correction is completed, the two clamping plates move towards each other and tightly clamp on the surface of the concave positioning seat, which can ensure a firm connection between the surveying instrument body and the concave positioning seat, reduce the influence of external factors on the measurement accuracy. This design enables surveying personnel to complete the measurement task more quickly and accurately, improving work efficiency and measurement accuracy;

[0016] At the same time, the protractor and the connecting frame can be set to be telescopic by the formation of the clamping plates moving towards or away from each other. When angle measurement is not carried out, the protractor can be completely retracted into the interior of the connecting frame through the stroke of the clamping plates moving towards each other, thus avoiding the influence of adverse factors such as light, dust, and moisture that the protractor may suffer from being directly exposed to the external environment for a long time. When angle measurement is carried out, through the stroke of the clamping plates moving away from each other, the protractor can quickly and smoothly extend to the outside of the connecting frame and cooperate with the pointer to complete the measurement task, demonstrating extremely high operational convenience and measurement accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall connection structure of a surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping provided by the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall exploded structure of a surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the clamping plate and the concave positioning seat of a surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping provided by the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the sectional structure of the connecting cylinder of a surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping provided by the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the sectional structure of the connecting frame of a surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping provided by the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the clamping plate and the concave positioning seat of a surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping provided by the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0023] Figure 7 Schematic cross-sectional structure of the connecting cylinder of a surveying instrument for engineering surveying provided by the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0024] Figure 8 Schematic cross-sectional structure of the connecting frame of a surveying instrument for engineering surveying provided by the present invention Figure 2 。

[0025] In the figure: 1, surveying instrument body; 2, base; 3, support plate; 31, connecting shaft; 32, concave positioning seat; 33, balance assembly; 331, horizontal plate; 332, suspension rope; 333, counterweight; 34, clamping plate; 35, connecting frame; 36, protractor; 37, pointer; 38, inlet and outlet; 4, bidirectional threaded rod; 5, installation groove; 6, rotating mechanism; 61, driving part; 62, first bevel gear; 63, second bevel gear; 7, telescopic part; 71, vertical plate; 72, connecting cylinder; 73, moving block; 74, connecting rod; 75, air duct; 8, elastic part; 81, moving plate; 82, spring; 83, concave bracket. Specific embodiments

[0026] The following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it according to the description in the specification.

[0027] It should be understood that terms such as "having", "including" and "comprising" used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "transverse", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0029] Example 1: Refer to Figure 1 - Figure 2 , a surveying instrument for engineering surveying, including a surveying instrument body 1 and a base 2 provided below the surveying instrument body 1. It also includes a support plate 3 vertically fixed at the center of the top of the base 2. A connecting shaft 31 is rotatably provided on the support plate 3. A concave positioning seat 32 corresponding to the upper part of the support plate 3 is fixed on the connecting shaft 31. A balance assembly 33 is connected between the top of the concave positioning seat 32 and the bottom of the surveying instrument body 1. The balance assembly 33 includes a horizontal plate 331 fixed between the top of the concave positioning seat 32 and the bottom of the surveying instrument body 1. A pair of suspension ropes 332 are connected to both sides of the bottom of the horizontal plate 331. Counterweights 333 are fixed at the bottom ends of the suspension ropes 332.

[0030] When in use, firstly, the base 2 needs to be stably mounted on the tripod support frame. The tripod support frame provides a solid foundation for the entire surveying and mapping system with its stable triangular structure, ensuring that it can remain stable even in complex and changeable outdoor environments. Subsequently, the tripod support frame with the base 2 is stably placed on the ground. Regardless of whether the ground is flat or not, the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 can start its automatic adjustment process. When the ground is uneven, causing the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 to tilt, the counterweight block 333 is used to generate a reverse torque on the horizontal plate 331 connected by the suspension rope 332 to adjust the horizontal plate 331. The force is transmitted to the connecting shaft 31 through the concave positioning seat 32. With the support of the supporting plate 3, the connecting shaft 31 can flexibly rotate in the horizontal plane. With the continuous action of the reverse torque, the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 will naturally rotate around the connecting shaft 31 and gradually adjust its posture until the horizontal plate 331 returns to a horizontal state, that is, the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 reaches a horizontal balance. The entire adjustment process does not require manual intervention. Once the horizontal state is reached, the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 can start accurate surveying and mapping operations, which effectively reduces the data errors that may be caused by uneven ground and ensures the stability and accuracy of the surveying and mapping results.

[0031] Furthermore, refer to Figure 3 A pair of slidable clamping plates 34 are provided on the connecting shaft 31, and a connecting frame 35 is fixed on one side of the clamping plate 34 close to the end of the connecting shaft 31, and a protractor 36 is connected to the top of the connecting frame 35. A pointer 37 cooperating with the protractor 36 is fixed at the end of the connecting shaft 31. When the surveying instrument body 1 tilts due to uneven ground and automatically adjusts around the connecting shaft 31, the pointer 37 will rotate accordingly, and its tip always points to the scale on the protractor 36, thereby displaying the current tilt angle of the surveying instrument body 1 in real time. This design enables surveying and mapping personnel to intuitively understand the tilt of the surveying instrument body 1 during the adjustment process, and whether it has finally reached a completely horizontal state. At the same time, the accurate reading of the protractor 36 also provides an important reference basis for subsequent surveying and mapping data, which helps to further improve the accuracy and reliability of surveying and mapping results.

[0032] Embodiment 2: Based on the above embodiment, the optimization is to refer to Figure 1 - Figure 8When the two clamps 34 are moving in opposite directions to the preset positions, the clamps 34 and the concave positioning seat 32 are in a non-contact state. In this state, the concave positioning seat 32 can freely interact with the surveying instrument body 1 on the top of the horizontal plate 331 through the connecting shaft 31. Without the restriction of the clamps 34, the surveying instrument body 1 can be more flexible to automatically adjust the horizontal state according to the unevenness of the ground. This adjustment mechanism helps to ensure that the surveying instrument body 1 is in a horizontal state before measurement, thereby avoiding data errors that may be caused by uneven ground and ensuring the accuracy of the surveying and mapping results. When the two clamps 34 are moving in opposite directions to the preset positions, the clamps 34 and the concave positioning seat 32 are in a contact state. This contact state ensures that after the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 is adjusted to a horizontal state, the clamping plate 34 and the concave positioning seat 32 can be closely matched, thereby enhancing the stability of the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 during use, and the measurement work can be performed more accurately without worrying about position offset or shaking caused by external factors. By controlling the opposite or opposite movements of the two clamping plates 34, the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 can flexibly adjust its working state to adapt to different measurement requirements. When horizontal adjustment is required, the clamping plate 34 and the concave positioning seat 32 remain in a non-contact state, allowing the surveying and mapping instrument body 1 to be adjusted freely. When stable measurement is required, the clamping plate 34 tightly clamps the concave positioning seat 32 to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the surveying and mapping results.

[0033] In the above technical solution, in order to realize that the two clamping plates 34 can move toward or in the opposite direction on the connecting shaft 31, refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 A bidirectional threaded rod 4 is rotatably connected to the support plate 3, and the clamping plate 34 is threadedly connected to the bidirectional threaded rod 4. A mounting groove 5 is opened on the support plate 3, and a rotating mechanism 6 is arranged in the mounting groove 5 for driving the bidirectional threaded rod 4 to rotate. The rotating mechanism 6 includes a driving portion 61 installed on the bottom wall of the mounting groove 5, and a first bevel gear 62 is fixed to the output end of the driving portion 61. A matching second bevel gear 63 is connected to the surface of the first bevel gear 62, and the second bevel gear 63 is fixed to the bidirectional threaded rod 4. When in use, the driving portion 61 driven by a servo motor drives the first bevel gear 62 and the second bevel gear 63 to transmit to each other, and the bidirectional threaded rod 4 connected to the second bevel gear 63 will also rotate during the mutual transmission process between the first bevel gear 62 and the second bevel gear 63, and realize that the two clamping plates 34 move toward or oppositely along the surface of the bidirectional threaded rod 4.

[0034] It should be noted that the adoption of this automated design is based on the fact that once the manual rotation method is used and there is contact, it may change the balance state of the mapping instrument body 1, causing the mapping instrument body 1 to tilt again, thereby affecting the measurement accuracy. In contrast, this automatic adjustment can ensure that the mapping instrument body 1 maintains a stable balance state during the adjustment process, avoiding errors caused by human touch, and thus significantly improving the measurement accuracy and reliability.

[0035] Meanwhile, in order to further improve the stability of the clamping plate 34 during movement, a telescopic member 7 is provided between the clamping plate 34 and the top of the base 2 for limiting the movement of the clamping plate 34. The telescopic member 7 includes a vertical plate 71 fixed to the top of the base 2, a connecting cylinder 72 fixed to the vertical plate 71, a moving block 73 sliding inside the inner wall of the connecting cylinder 72, a connecting rod 74 fixed to the moving block 73, and the end of the connecting rod 74 extending outside the connecting cylinder 72 is fixed to the clamping plate 34. When the bidirectional threaded rod 4 rotates to drive the clamping plate 34 to move, the connecting rod 74 will move accordingly, driving the moving block 73 to slide inside the connecting cylinder 72, thereby providing effective limiting and support for the clamping plate 34 and improving the stability of the clamping plate 34 during movement, which helps to cooperate with the mapping instrument body 1 to obtain more accurate and reliable measurement results.

[0036] Embodiment 3: On the basis of the above embodiment, referring to Figure 3 - Figure 8 , a gas guide pipe 75 is communicated between the connecting cylinder 72 and the bottom of the connecting frame 35. An inlet and outlet 38 for sliding with the protractor 36 is provided at the top of the connecting frame 35. An elastic member 8 is provided between the protractor 36 and the bottom wall of the connecting frame 35. The elastic member 8 includes a moving plate 81 that fits against the inner wall of the connecting frame 35. A pair of springs 82 are fixed between the bottom of the moving plate 81 and the bottom wall of the connecting frame 35. A pair of concave brackets 83 are fixed between the top of the moving plate 81 and the top of the protractor 36. When the moving plate 81 contacts the top wall of the connecting frame 35, the protractor 36 is located at the top of the connecting frame 35. When the moving plate 81 does not contact the top wall of the connecting frame 35, the top of the concave bracket 83 is flush with the top of the inlet and outlet 38, and the protractor 36 is located inside the connecting frame 35.

[0037] Adopting such a technical solution, when the clamping plate 34 moves in the opposite direction and away from the concave positioning seat 32, the clamping plate 34 will drive the moving block 73 connected to one end of the connecting rod 74 to slide along the inner wall of the connecting cylinder 72, and convey the compressed gas in the connecting cylinder 72 to the inside of the connecting frame 35 through the air duct 75. At this time, the gas pressure entering the connecting frame 35 is greater than the elastic force of the spring 82, which can be used to drive the moving plate 81 to slide along the inner wall of the connecting frame 35. As the moving plate 81 rises, the concave bracket 83 drives the protractor 36 to rise together until the moving plate 81 contacts the top wall of the connecting frame 35. At this time, the protractor 36 completely extends out of the connecting frame 35 and is ready to cooperate with the pointer 37 for angle measurement;

[0038] When the clamping plate 34 moves in the opposite direction and contacts the concave positioning seat 32, the clamping plate 34 will pull the moving block 73 connected to one end of the connecting rod 74 to slide along the inner wall of the connecting cylinder 72 towards the other end of the connecting cylinder 72. This sliding action causes the gas that was originally compressed in the connecting cylinder 72 and entered the connecting frame 35 to be sucked back into the connecting cylinder 72 through the air duct 75, gradually reducing the gas pressure in the connecting frame 35. When the gas pressure drops below the elastic force of the spring 82, the spring 82 begins to take effect and pushes the moving plate 81 to slide downward along the inner wall of the connecting frame 35. As the moving plate 81 descends, the associated concave bracket 83 and the protractor 36 mounted on the concave bracket 83 also descend. This process continues until the moving plate 81 is completely pushed back to its initial position in the connecting frame 35 by the spring 82. At this time, the protractor 36 also completely retracts into the connecting frame 35, completing the entire process from extension to retraction. This design enables the protractor 36 to be safely hidden inside the connecting frame 35 when it is not required to cooperate with the pointer 37. This can not only prevent its surface from fading or aging due to long-term exposure to light, but also effectively block dust and tiny particles in the air from adhering to the protractor 36, thereby maintaining the clarity of its scale and the accuracy of measurement. At the same time, the connecting frame 35 can also provide a certain degree of protection for the protractor 36 to prevent it from being accidentally collided or damaged.

[0039] The above embodiments only illustrate several implementation manners of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation to the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made. These are all equivalent modifications and evolutions made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surveying and mapping instrument for engineering surveying and mapping, comprising: A surveying and mapping instrument body (1) and a base (2) arranged below the surveying and mapping instrument body (1), characterized in that it also comprises: A support plate (3) is vertically fixed at the top center of the base (2), a connecting shaft (31) is rotatably provided on the support plate (3), a corresponding concave positioning seat (32) vertically located above the support plate (3) is fixed on the connecting shaft (31), a balancing component (33) is connected between the top of the concave positioning seat (32) and the bottom of the surveying instrument body (1), a pair of slidable clamping plates (34) are provided on the connecting shaft (31), a connecting frame (35) is fixed on one side of the clamping plate (34) close to the end of the connecting shaft (31), a protractor (36) is connected to the top of the connecting frame (35), and a pointer (37) cooperating with the protractor (36) is fixed on the end of the connecting shaft (31); When the two clamping plates (34) move in opposite directions to a preset position, the clamping plates (34) and the concave positioning seat (32) are in a non-contact state; When the two clamping plates (34) move towards each other to a preset position, the clamping plates (34) and the concave positioning seat (32) are in a contact state; A telescopic member (7) is provided between the clamping plate (34) and the top of the base (2), and is used to cooperate with the clamping plate (34) to limit the position when moving; The telescopic member (7) comprises a vertical plate (71) fixed on the top of the base (2), a connecting tube (72) being fixed on the vertical plate (71), a moving block (73) slidingly arranged on the inner wall of the connecting tube (72), a connecting rod (74) being fixed on the moving block (73), one end of the connecting rod (74) extending to the outside of the connecting tube (72) being fixed on the clamping plate (34), an air guide tube (75) being connected between the connecting tube (72) and the bottom of the connecting frame (35), the connecting frame (35) being connected to the connecting tube (72) and the connecting tube (72). ) is provided at the top of the connecting frame (35) with an inlet and outlet (38) sliding with the protractor (36), an elastic member (8) is provided between the protractor (36) and the bottom wall of the connecting frame (35), the elastic member (8) includes a movable plate (81) fitted with the inner wall of the connecting frame (35), a pair of springs (82) are fixed between the bottom of the movable plate (81) and the bottom wall of the connecting frame (35), and a pair of concave brackets (83) are fixed between the top of the movable plate (81) and the top of the protractor (36).

2. A surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The balancing assembly (33) comprises a horizontal plate (331) fixed between the top of the concave positioning seat (32) and the bottom of the surveying instrument body (1), a pair of suspension ropes (332) are connected to both sides of the bottom of the horizontal plate (331), and a counterweight block (333) is fixed to the bottom end of the suspension rope (332).

3. The surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bidirectional threaded rod (4) is rotatably connected to the support plate (3), the clamping plate (34) is threadably connected to the bidirectional threaded rod (4), a mounting groove (5) is provided on the support plate (3), and a rotating mechanism (6) is provided in the mounting groove (5) for driving the bidirectional threaded rod (4) to rotate.

4. The surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism (6) comprises a driving portion (61) mounted on the bottom wall of the mounting groove (5); a first bevel gear (62) is fixed to the output end of the driving portion (61); a matching second bevel gear (63) is connected to the surface of the first bevel gear (62); and the second bevel gear (63) is fixed to the bidirectional threaded rod (4).

5. The surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the movable plate (81) contacts the top wall of the connecting frame (35), the protractor (36) is located on the top of the connecting frame (35).

6. The surveying instrument for engineering surveying and mapping according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the movable plate (81) is not in contact with the top wall of the connection frame (35), the top of the concave bracket (83) remains flush with the top of the inlet and outlet (38), and the protractor (36) is located inside the connection frame (35).

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