A system and method for inverting vegetation stomatal conductance using remote sensing data

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system and method for inverting the stomatal conductance of vegetation using remote sensing data, comprising a remote sensing data acquisition module, an inversion processing module, and a meteorological acquisition module distributed in each region, wherein the remote sensing data acquisition module is used to collect remote sensing inversion data of each region, the meteorological acquisition module is used to obtain the saturated water vapor pressure difference of the region, and the inversion processing module is used to obtain the regional stomatal conductance according to the remote sensing inversion data and the saturated water vapor pressure difference, and the regional stomatal conductance is summarized to obtain the total stomatal conductance. The system divides the mountainous area into several regions, collects parameters for each region respectively, and inverts the stomatal conductance for each region based on the collected data, so that the obtained data is more accurate, and the collection component is fixed above the canopy layer by setting a weather balloon and a winding rope fixing method, and can be dropped by a drone, which is easy to operate, so that the inversion method can be applied to mountain vegetation, which is beneficial to vegetation ecology research.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetation ecology research, and in particular relates to a system and method for inverting vegetation stomatal conductance by using remote sensing data. Background Art

[0002] The study of stomatal conductance helps to reveal the response mechanism of plants to environmental changes and their adaptation strategies. Common studies on stomatal conductance are based on measurements based on the principle of circular diffusion or steady-state porometers. Although this method has accurate measurement results, it has a small coverage range and requires manual operation, and its data is not representative.

[0003] The Chinese invention patent with application number 202111550144.0 discloses a method for inverting plant stomatal conductance based on satellite remote sensing data. The stomatal conductance is obtained by inverting through satellite remote sensing technology and combining ground meteorological parameters. Since this method needs to be combined with ground meteorological parameters, it is suitable for plain areas. For mountainous areas, due to the unstable air flow between mountains, the temperature, humidity, and air pressure and air flow also have huge differences with different altitudes. For mountainous areas where roads have not been opened and the tree canopy is high, it is very difficult to install multiple meteorological collection components. Since effective meteorological parameters cannot be obtained, the existing methods are difficult to perform effective inversion for mountain vegetation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and method for inverting the stomatal conductance of vegetation using remote sensing data in order to solve the above problems.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A system for inverting vegetation stomatal conductance using remote sensing data, comprising a remote sensing data acquisition module, an inversion processing module, and a meteorological acquisition module distributed in various areas of a mountainous area, wherein the remote sensing data acquisition module is used to acquire remote sensing inversion data of various areas of the mountainous area, the meteorological acquisition module is used to acquire the saturated water vapor pressure difference of the area, the inversion processing module is used to acquire regional stomatal conductance according to the remote sensing inversion data and the saturated water vapor pressure difference, and the regional stomatal conductance is aggregated to acquire the total stomatal conductance;

[0007] The meteorological collection module includes a collection component and a meteorological balloon, wherein the collection component is also provided with at least three connecting ropes for being wrapped and fixed with the tree canopy layer, the ends of the connecting ropes are connected to handles, and the connecting ropes are wrapped around the surfaces of the handles. The meteorological collection module is released by a release platform, and the release platform includes a drone and a launching component for launching the handle. After the handle is thrown out, it rolls down in the tree canopy layer to release the connecting ropes.

[0008] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the acquisition component includes a temperature and humidity sensor, an air pressure sensor, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor.

[0009] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, a base is provided below the drone, and a bracket extends outward from the bottom of the base.

[0010] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the ejection assembly includes a track tube and an ejection tube arranged on the lower surface of the base, wherein both ends of the track tube are through for placing the handle, and a bottom groove is provided at the bottom of the track tube for allowing the connecting rope to pass through when the handle is ejected, wherein an ejection piece and a force-storing spring are provided in the ejection tube, and a rotating part with a driving source is provided on the periphery of the ejection tube, and the circumferential wall of the rotating part blocks the ejection piece, and the side wall of the rotating part is also provided with a through groove. When the rotating part rotates until the through groove is aligned with the ejection piece, the ejection piece throws out the handle, and the handle is ejected to the surrounding by setting the ejection assembly, and the meteorological balloon provides lift, and multiple connecting ropes are wrapped around the tree crown as the handle rolls, thereby achieving an installation effect, and the handle is ejected to the surrounding through the ejection assembly, and the reaction forces generated by the ejection are balanced with each other, and the farther the handle is ejected, the more the pulling force formed can stabilize the meteorological balloon.

[0011] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, an end cap is provided at the end of the handle, a hole is also provided on the side of the track cylinder, and an L-shaped limit piece is provided on the outer surface of the rotating part. The limit piece extends into the track cylinder from the hole, and is used to clamp the end cap to prevent the handle from falling out of the track cylinder. The rotating part is centrally controlled by setting up the rotating part. The rotating part is rotated by the motor. When it starts to rotate, the limit piece first leaves the track cylinder to release the restriction on the end cap, and then the through groove is aligned with the ejection tube. The ejection piece loses the obstruction and ejects the handle out.

[0012] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, an air filling tank is arranged at the bottom center of the base, and the air filling tank is provided with a docking nozzle, and a docking tube corresponding to the docking nozzle is arranged on the surface of the weather balloon, wherein a through hole corresponding to the docking tube is opened at the center of the rotating part, and a side groove is arranged on the side of the through hole, and a protrusion corresponding to the side groove is arranged on the side of the docking tube, and the docking tube is fixed by the rotating part through the protrusion, and the docking tube is released when the rotating part rotates until the side groove is aligned with the protrusion. Since helium needs to be filled in the weather balloon, its large buoyancy and large volume affect the flight of the drone, so an air filling tank is arranged to reach the destination first and then inflate, wherein the air filling tank has a valve, and the handle is first ejected when it reaches the destination, and inflation is carried out after fixation is completed, and a one-way valve is arranged on the docking tube to inflate the inside of the weather balloon, and when the inflation is completed, the rotation of the rotating part makes the side groove aligned with the protrusion, releases the docking tube, and the drone returns.

[0013] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, a groove is provided on the surface of the handle, and an articulated rod and a throwing block are arranged in the groove. The shaft of the articulated rod is kept in an open state by a torsion spring, and the articulated rod is constrained by a connecting rope and fits in the groove. A winding rope is also connected between the articulated rod and the throwing block. When the articulated rod is opened, the throwing block is thrown out, and the winding rope is brought out to be entangled with the tree canopy. In order to further increase the pulling capacity of the connecting rope, an articulated rod is arranged on the surface of the handle. When the handle rolls down in the tree canopy, the connecting rope is gradually released. After the connecting rope is fully opened, the articulated rod loses its restraint and is bounced open by the torsion spring, and the throwing block and the winding rope are thrown out at the same time, thereby further increasing the fastening capacity.

[0014] In order to implement the above inversion system, the present invention also proposes a method for inverting vegetation stomatal conductance using remote sensing data, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1: Divide the mountainous area into several regions according to local meteorological differences;

[0016] S2: Use the delivery platform to deliver the collection components to various areas and collect the meteorological parameters of each area in real time. The meteorological parameters include temperature and humidity, air pressure sensor, and carbon dioxide concentration. The actual water vapor pressure and saturated water vapor pressure are calculated through the meteorological parameters, and the saturated water vapor pressure difference is obtained based on the actual water vapor pressure and saturated water vapor pressure.

[0017] S3: Obtain remote sensing inversion data of each region through the remote sensing data acquisition module, and obtain regional vegetation stomatal conductance based on remote sensing inversion data, vegetation type and saturated water vapor pressure difference through the inversion processing module;

[0018] S4: Summarize the stomatal conductance of regional vegetation to obtain the stomatal conductance of mountain vegetation.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] The present invention divides the mountainous area into several areas, collects parameters for each area respectively, and inverts the stomatal conductance of each area based on the collected data, so that the obtained data is more accurate. The collection component is fixed above the canopy layer by setting a meteorological balloon and a winding rope, and can be dropped by a drone, which is easy to operate, so that the inversion method can be applied to vegetation in mountainous areas, which is beneficial to vegetation ecology research. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the handle of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the meteorological collection module of the present invention after being deployed;

[0025] Figure 5 The present invention Figure 2 A magnified view of the structure of part A;

[0026] Figure 6 The present invention Figure 5 Middle BB view;

[0027] Figure 7 The present invention Figure 5 Middle CC view;

[0028] Figure 8 The present invention Figure 6 The structure of part D is enlarged;

[0029] In the figure: 1. Meteorological collection module; 11. Collection component; 12. Weather balloon; 1201. Docking tube; 1202. Bump; 13. Connecting rope; 14. Handle; 15. End cap; 16. Articulated rod; 17. Throwing block; 18. Winding rope; 19. Torsion spring; 2. Delivery platform; 21. UAV; 22. Base; 23. Bracket; 3. Ejection component; 31. Track tube; 32. Bottom groove; 33. Ejection tube; 34. Ejection part; 35. Spring; 36. Rotating part; 37. Limiting part; 38. Through groove; 39. Through hole; 310. Side groove; 4. Inflatable tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is necessary to point out here that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Technical personnel in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1-8 As shown, a system for inverting vegetation stomatal conductance using remote sensing data includes a remote sensing data acquisition module, an inversion processing module, and a meteorological acquisition module 1 distributed in various areas of the mountainous area. The remote sensing data acquisition module is used to collect remote sensing inversion data of various areas of the mountainous area. The meteorological acquisition module 1 is used to obtain the saturated water vapor pressure difference of the area. The inversion processing module is used to obtain the regional stomatal conductance according to the remote sensing inversion data and the saturated water vapor pressure difference, and the regional stomatal conductance is summarized to obtain the total stomatal conductance;

[0033] The meteorological collection module 1 includes a collection component 11 and a meteorological balloon 12, wherein the collection component 11 is also provided with at least three connecting ropes 13 for being wrapped and fixed with the tree canopy layer, the end of the connecting rope 13 is connected to a handle 14, and the connecting rope 13 is wrapped around the surface of the handle 14. The meteorological collection module 1 is released by a release platform 2, and the release platform 2 includes a drone 21 and a launching component 3 for launching the handle 14. After the handle 14 is thrown out, it rolls down in the tree canopy layer to release the connecting rope 13.

[0034] This solution divides the mountainous area into several areas, collects parameters for each area respectively, and inverts the stomatal conductance of each area based on the collected data, so that the data obtained is more accurate. The collection component 11 is fixed above the canopy layer by setting a meteorological balloon 12 and a winding rope 18, and can be dropped by a drone 21, which is easy to operate, so that the inversion method can be applied to mountain vegetation, which is beneficial to vegetation ecology research.

[0035] Among them, the collection component 11 has low power consumption and can be integrated with a small photovoltaic panel or a small wind power generation device to provide sufficient electricity.

[0036] The data collection component 11 includes a temperature and humidity sensor, an air pressure sensor, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor. A base 22 is provided below the drone 21 , and a bracket 23 extends outward from the bottom of the base 22 .

[0037] The ejection assembly 3 includes a track tube 31 and an ejection tube 33 arranged on the lower surface of the base 22. The two ends of the track tube 31 are through-through for placing the handle 14. The bottom of the track tube 31 is provided with a bottom groove 32 for passing the connecting rope 13 when the handle 14 is ejected. The ejection tube 33 is provided with an ejection piece 34 and a spring 35 for storing force. The outer periphery of the ejection tube 33 is provided with a rotating part 36 with a driving source. The circumferential wall of the rotating part 36 blocks the ejection piece 34. The side wall of the rotating part 36 is also provided with a through hole. Slot 38, when the rotating part 36 rotates until the through slot 38 is aligned with the ejection member 34, the ejection member 34 throws out the handle 14, and the handle 14 is ejected to the surrounding by setting the ejection assembly 3, and the weather balloon 12 provides lift, and multiple connecting ropes 13 are wrapped around the tree crown as the handle 14 rolls down, that is, the installation effect is achieved, and the handle 14 is ejected to the surrounding through the ejection assembly 3, the reaction forces generated by the ejection are balanced with each other, and the farther the handle 14 is ejected, the more the pulling force generated can stabilize the weather balloon 12.

[0038] An end cap 15 is provided at the end of the handle 14, and a hole is also provided on the side of the track cylinder 31. An L-shaped limiter 37 is provided on the outer surface of the rotating portion 36. The limiter 37 extends into the track cylinder 31 from the hole to clamp the end cap 15 to prevent the handle 14 from falling out of the track cylinder 31. Centralized control is performed by providing the rotating portion 36. The rotating portion 36 is rotated by a motor (not shown in the figure). When it starts to rotate, the limiter 37 first leaves the track cylinder 31 to release the restriction on the end 15, and then the through groove 38 is aligned with the ejection cylinder 33. The ejection portion 34 loses the obstruction and ejects the handle 14 out.

[0039] An inflatable tank 4 is arranged at the bottom center of the base 22, and the inflatable tank 4 is provided with a docking nozzle. A docking tube 1201 corresponding to the docking nozzle is arranged on the surface of the weather balloon 12, wherein a through hole 39 corresponding to the docking tube 1201 is opened at the center of the rotating part 36, and a side groove 310 is arranged on the side of the through hole 39, and a convex block 1202 corresponding to the side groove 310 is arranged on the side of the docking tube 1201. The docking tube 1201 is fixed by the rotating part 36 through the convex block 1202. When the rotating part 36 rotates until the side groove 310 is aligned with the convex block 1202, the docking tube 1201 is released. Since helium needs to be filled in the weather balloon 12, it has a relatively high Large buoyancy and large volume affect the flight of the UAV 21, so an air tank 4 is set to reach the destination first and then inflate, wherein the air tank 4 has a valve, and the handle 14 is thrown when reaching the destination, and then inflated after being fixed. A one-way valve is set on the docking tube 1201, and the air tank 4 is opened to inflate the inside of the weather balloon 12. When the inflation is completed, the rotation of the rotating part 36 makes the side groove 310 align with the protrusion 1202, releasing the docking tube 1201, and the UAV 21 returns. It should be noted that the docking tube 1201 and the docking mouth of the air tank 4 are sealed and slid, and a limit needs to be set to prevent the docking tube 1201 from rotating (not shown in the figure).

[0040] A groove is provided on the surface of the handle 14, and an articulated rod 16 and a throwing block 17 are arranged in the groove. The shaft of the articulated rod 16 is kept in an open state by a torsion spring 19, and the articulated rod 16 is restrained by the connecting rope 13 and fits in the groove. A winding rope 18 is also connected between the articulated rod 16 and the throwing block 17. When the articulated rod 16 is opened, the throwing block 17 is thrown out, and the winding rope 18 is brought out to entangle with the tree canopy. In order to further increase the pulling capacity of the connecting rope 13, an articulated rod 16 is provided on the surface of the handle 14. When the handle 14 rolls down in the tree canopy, the connecting rope 13 is gradually released. After the connecting rope 13 is fully opened, the articulated rod 16 loses its restraint and is bounced open by the torsion spring 19, and the throwing block 17 and the winding rope 18 are thrown out at the same time, further increasing the fastening capacity. The end of the articulated rod 16 is spoon-shaped to facilitate the throwing of the throwing block 17.

[0041] The specific delivery methods are:

[0042] The UAV 12 carries the meteorological collection module 1 and flies to the drop site. The UAV 12 then hovers to a suitable height and rotates through the rotating part 36 to first release the restriction of the limiter 37 on the handle 14. Then the through slot 38 is aligned with the ejection tube 33 to eject the handle 14. The handle 14 enters the tree canopy with the connecting rope 13. Most of the connecting rope 13 is wrapped around the surface of the handle 14, and a part of redundancy is provided for ejection. After entering the tree canopy, the handle 14 rolls. In order to facilitate the handle 14 to roll down without being stuck, the shape of the handle 14 and the end cap 15 can be optimized to make it more rounded, or the UAV 12 can be slightly pulled to help It rolls down, and after the handle 14 rolls down, the hinged rod 16 loses its restraint and bounces open, throwing out the throwing block 17 and the winding rope 18, further increasing the winding ability, and then opening the inflation tank 4 to inflate the weather balloon 12. After the inflation is completed, the rotating part 36 continues to rotate, releasing the restriction on the docking tube 1201, wherein the through groove 38 needs to be set to a certain length so that the rotating part 36 can continue to rotate after the ejection part 34 is ejected, releasing the docking tube 1201. By setting different rotation strokes of the rotating part 36, a triple effect is achieved, namely, limiting the end cap 15, controlling the ejection part 34, and releasing the docking tube 1201.

[0043] In order to implement the above inversion system, the present invention also proposes a method for inverting vegetation stomatal conductance using remote sensing data, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1: Divide the mountainous area into several regions according to local meteorological differences;

[0045] S2: Use the delivery platform 2 to deliver the collection component 11 to each area, and collect meteorological parameters of each area in real time. The meteorological parameters include temperature and humidity, air pressure sensor, and carbon dioxide concentration. The actual water vapor pressure and saturated water vapor pressure are calculated through the meteorological parameters, and the saturated water vapor pressure difference is obtained based on the actual water vapor pressure and the saturated water vapor pressure.

[0046] S3: Obtain remote sensing inversion data of each region through the remote sensing data acquisition module, and obtain regional vegetation stomatal conductance based on remote sensing inversion data, vegetation type and saturated water vapor pressure difference through the inversion processing module;

[0047] S4: Summarize the stomatal conductance of regional vegetation to obtain the stomatal conductance of mountain vegetation.

[0048] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for inverting vegetation stomatal conductance using remote sensing data, comprising a remote sensing data acquisition module and an inversion processing module, characterized in that: It also includes meteorological collection modules (1) distributed in various areas of the mountainous area, the remote sensing data collection module is used to collect remote sensing inversion data of various areas of the mountainous area, the meteorological collection module (1) is used to obtain the saturated water vapor pressure difference of the area, the inversion processing module is used to obtain the regional stomatal conductance according to the remote sensing inversion data and the saturated water vapor pressure difference, and the regional stomatal conductance is aggregated to obtain the total stomatal conductance; The meteorological collection module (1) comprises a collection component (11) and a meteorological balloon (12), wherein the collection component (11) is further provided with at least three connecting ropes (13) for being wound and fixed with a tree canopy layer, the ends of the connecting ropes (13) are connected to a handle (14), and the connecting ropes (13) are wound around the surface of the handle (14), the meteorological collection module (1) is launched by a launching platform (2), the launching platform (2) comprises a drone (21) and a launching component (3) for launching the handle (14), and the handle (14) rolls down in the tree canopy layer after being launched to release the connecting ropes (13); A base (22) is provided below the drone (21), and a bracket (23) extends outward from below the base (22); The ejection assembly (3) comprises a track tube (31) and an ejection tube (33) arranged on the lower surface of a base (22); the track tube (31) has two ends through which the handle (14) is placed; a bottom groove (32) is arranged at the bottom of the track tube (31) for allowing the connecting rope (13) to pass through when the handle (14) is ejected; an ejection member (34) and a force-storing spring (35) are arranged in the ejection tube (33); a rotating part (36) with a driving source is arranged on the periphery of the ejection tube (33); a circumferential wall of the rotating part (36) blocks the ejection member (34); a through groove (38) is further arranged on the side wall of the rotating part (36); when the rotating part (36) rotates until the through groove (38) is aligned with the ejection member (34), the ejection member (34) ejects the handle (14).

2. A system for inverting vegetation stomatal conductance using remote sensing data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collection component (11) comprises a temperature and humidity sensor, an air pressure sensor, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor.

3. The system for inverting vegetation stomatal conductance using remote sensing data according to claim 1, characterized in that: An end cap (15) is provided at the end of the handle (14), a hole is further provided on the side of the track cylinder (31), an L-shaped stopper (37) is provided on the outer surface of the rotating portion (36), and the stopper (37) extends from the hole into the track cylinder (31) to clamp the end cap (15) to prevent the handle (14) from falling out of the track cylinder (31).

4. The system for inverting vegetation stomatal conductance using remote sensing data according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air filling tank (4) is arranged at the bottom center of the base (22), and the air filling tank (4) is provided with a docking nozzle. A docking tube (1201) corresponding to the docking nozzle is arranged on the surface of the weather balloon (12), wherein a through hole (39) corresponding to the docking tube (1201) is opened at the center of the rotating part (36), a side groove (310) is arranged on the side of the through hole (39), and a convex block (1202) corresponding to the side groove (310) is arranged on the side of the docking tube (1201). The docking tube (1201) is fixed by the rotating part (36) through the convex block (1202), and the docking tube (1201) is released when the rotating part (36) rotates until the side groove (310) is aligned with the convex block (1202).

5. The system for inverting vegetation stomatal conductance using remote sensing data according to claim 1, characterized in that: A groove is provided on the surface of the handle (14), and a hinged rod (16) and a throwing block (17) are arranged in the groove. The shaft of the hinged rod (16) is kept in an open state by a torsion spring (19). The hinged rod (16) is bound by a connecting rope (13) and fits in the groove. A winding rope (18) is also connected between the hinged rod (16) and the throwing block (17). When the hinged rod (16) is opened, the throwing block (17) is thrown out and the winding rope (18) is brought out to be entangled with the tree canopy.

6. A method for inverting vegetation stomatal conductance based on the system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Divide the mountainous area into several regions according to local meteorological differences; S2: using the delivery platform (2) to deliver the collection component (11) to each area, and collecting meteorological parameters of each area in real time, the meteorological parameters include temperature and humidity, air pressure sensor, and carbon dioxide concentration, calculating the actual water vapor pressure and saturated water vapor pressure through the meteorological parameters, and obtaining the saturated water vapor pressure difference based on the actual water vapor pressure and the saturated water vapor pressure; S3: Obtain remote sensing inversion data of each region through the remote sensing data acquisition module, and obtain regional vegetation stomatal conductance based on remote sensing inversion data, vegetation type and saturated water vapor pressure difference through the inversion processing module; S4: Summarize the stomatal conductance of regional vegetation to obtain the stomatal conductance of mountain vegetation.

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