Self-powered seawater uranium extraction system and application method

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-powered seawater uranium extraction system and an application method, the self-powered seawater uranium extraction system comprises a centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit, a membrane solid-liquid separation unit, a flushing unit, a control unit and a video monitoring unit, and further comprises a collection pool and an energy storage pool which are arranged on a beach or partially located in the beach and are arranged in positions to ensure that the collection pool and the energy storage pool can be wholly covered by seawater during flood tide; the hydroelectric generation unit is communicated with a liquid outlet I in the energy storage pool through a pipeline I; the seawater uranium extraction unit is matched with a liquid outlet II in the membrane solid-liquid separation unit through a pipeline II; wherein a liquid outlet III of the collecting tank is communicated with a liquid inlet of the centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit, and a liquid outlet IV of the seawater uranium extraction unit is communicated with the hydroelectric generation unit. According to the self-powered seawater uranium extraction system and the application method, seawater collection and energy storage are conducted through rising tide, electricity is generated through potential energy of seawater in ebb tide, electric energy is provided for the seawater uranium extraction system, and the industrialization process of seawater uranium extraction is promoted by saving energy and reducing cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of uranium extraction from seawater, and more specifically, to a self-powered uranium extraction system from seawater and an application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The uranium reserves in seawater are far greater than those on land. Uranium has played an increasingly important role in the energy and military fields. As a result, the consumption of uranium has increased, and uranium resources on land cannot meet the demand. With the development of water-soluble uranium extraction technology, it has become possible to extract uranium from seawater.

[0003] There are currently two methods for extracting uranium from seawater:

[0004] The first method is to directly place the adsorption device in the seawater of a specific sea area. Under the action of natural convection of seawater, the adsorption material and the uranium ions in the seawater undergo ion exchange to extract uranium ions, and no treatment of the seawater is required. The advantage is that the process and device are simple, and the disadvantage is that microorganisms and solids in the seawater are easily enriched on the adsorption material, blocking ion exchange. Marine organisms may gnaw on the fibers and the uranium compounds on them, and high-activity radioactive elements will enter the ecosystem. At the same time, the radiation generated by the enriched uranium elements will inevitably affect the marine environment.

[0005] The second method is to place the adsorption device on the coast or sea level and extract uranium by pumping seawater to flush the ion exchange material. The advantage is that the enriched uranium element is isolated from the marine environment, and the impact on the marine environment will be minimized. The disadvantage is that the process and equipment are complicated, and the electricity required for uranium extraction is a problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0006] An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and / or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.

[0007] In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages of the present invention, a self-powered seawater uranium extraction system is provided, comprising a centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit and a membrane solid-liquid separation unit for deep solid-liquid separation of seawater, a flushing unit coordinated with the centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit and the membrane solid-liquid separation unit, a control unit connected to each unit in communication, and a video monitoring unit connected to the control unit in communication to feedback the processing process, and further comprising:

[0008] Collection tanks and storage tanks located on or partially within the beach and positioned to ensure that they are fully covered by seawater at high tide;

[0009] A hydroelectric power generation unit connected to the upper drain port Ⅰ of the energy storage tank through the pipeline Ⅰ;

[0010] A seawater uranium extraction unit matched with the upper discharge port II of the membrane solid-liquid separation unit through pipeline II;

[0011] The discharge port III of the collection tank is connected to the liquid inlet of the centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit, and the discharge port IV of the seawater uranium extraction unit is connected to the hydropower generation unit;

[0012] The hydroelectric power generation unit is electrically connected to each unit.

[0013] Preferably, the collection tank and the energy storage tank are configured to include:

[0014] A pool of concrete structure, wherein an opening for seawater to enter is provided in the middle of one side of the pool at a position matching the direction of high tide;

[0015] Set up a slag screen on the opening;

[0016] A filter screen is set at one corner of the bottom of the pool, and the top is flush with the lower end surface of the slag screen in space;

[0017] A level gauge installed inside the pool;

[0018] The pool is configured to be inclined with respect to the sea level, and the filter screen is arranged at the lowest point of the bottom of the pool, so that a filtration area is constructed inside the pool through the filter screen, and a liquid outlet pipe with a control valve and a flow valve is arranged on the filtration area;

[0019] The control valve and the liquid level meter are both communicatively connected to the control unit.

[0020] Preferably, each tank is provided with a diversion dam on the same side of the slag screen.

[0021] Preferably, the centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit comprises: m groups of centrifugal solid-liquid separation modules, and each group of centrifugal solid-liquid separation modules comprises a centrifuge and a water quality detector connected in series;

[0022] The membrane solid-liquid separation unit comprises: a membrane solid-liquid separation module matched with the liquid outlet end of each group of centrifugal solid-liquid separation modules, and each membrane solid-liquid separation module comprises a separation membrane and a water quality detector connected in series.

[0023] Preferably, the seawater uranium extraction unit comprises: a seawater uranium extraction module matched with the liquid outlet of each membrane solid-liquid separation module, and each seawater uranium extraction module comprises n serially connected uranium extraction columns;

[0024] An eluent storage box and an eluent collection box that match the seawater uranium extraction module;

[0025] Wherein, each uranium extraction column is provided with a detection hole for accommodating a radiation detector;

[0026] Each uranium extraction column is connected with the eluent storage box, the eluent collection box, the membrane solid-liquid separation unit, and the hydropower generation unit through matching connecting pipelines, and the working mode of the uranium extraction column is switched by the electromagnetic valve group arranged on the connecting pipelines.

[0027] Preferably, each uranium extraction column is provided with a radiation shielding lead layer to construct a radiation protection unit in a self-powered seawater uranium extraction system.

[0028] An application method of a self-powered seawater uranium extraction system, wherein seawater is collected through a collection pool and an energy storage pool during high tide;

[0029] After low tide and before the next high tide, power generation is performed by the seawater flowing into the hydroelectric power generation unit, and uranium extraction is performed by the seawater flowing into the centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit, the membrane solid-liquid separation unit, and the seawater uranium extraction unit.

[0030] Preferably, the process of the uranium extraction operation includes:

[0031] S10. At high tide, seawater flows into and fills the collection pool after primary solid-liquid separation through the two-stage filtration mechanism on the collection pool;

[0032] S11, after low tide and before the next high tide, the seawater after primary solid-liquid separation flows into multiple groups of centrifugal solid-liquid separation modules in parallel for secondary solid-liquid separation;

[0033] S12, the separated liquid after the secondary solid-liquid separation flows into the corresponding membrane solid-liquid separation module respectively for tertiary solid-liquid separation;

[0034] S13, the separated liquids after the three-stage solid-liquid separation flow into the corresponding seawater uranium extraction modules for ion exchange to extract uranyl ions in the seawater;

[0035] S14, the liquid level meter in the collection tank transmits the detected liquid level data back to the control unit in real time, and the control unit adjusts the working status of the control valve and the flow valve based on the liquid level data.

[0036] Preferably, the process of the power generation operation includes:

[0037] S20, after the ebb tide and before the next high tide, the separated liquid extracted by the seawater uranium extraction module and the seawater after the primary solid-liquid separation in the energy storage tank flow into the hydropower unit to drive the hydropower generator set to generate seawater power;

[0038] S21. Before the next high tide, the seawater after power generation is discharged into the sea to empty the energy storage tank.

[0039] Preferably, the method further comprises: by switching the working state of the electromagnetic valve group, the seawater uranium extraction unit has the following three working modes: adsorption working mode, elution working mode and maintenance / replacement working mode;

[0040] Among them, in the adsorption working mode of the uranium extraction column, by switching the working state of the solenoid valve group, the seawater separated from the membrane solid-liquid separation unit enters any level of uranium extraction column for uranium extraction operation, and the treated seawater enters the hydropower unit for secondary utilization;

[0041] In the elution working mode, by switching the working state of the electromagnetic valve group, the eluent stored in the eluent storage box enters into any level of uranium extraction column, elutes the uranium on the uranium extraction column, and flows into the eluent collection box along with the eluent, completing the uranium extraction operation;

[0042] In the maintenance / replacement working mode, by switching the working state of the solenoid valve group, the uranium extraction column that needs maintenance / replacement is not connected to any pipeline, so as to facilitate the maintenance / replacement operation, and during the maintenance / replacement operation, the new column to be replaced is moved to the back.

[0043] The present invention includes at least the following beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention places the adsorption device on the coast, uses the high tide to collect and store seawater, and uses the potential energy of the low tide seawater to generate electricity, providing electricity for the seawater uranium extraction system, and promoting the industrialization of seawater uranium extraction by saving energy and reducing costs. Specifically, the present invention makes full use of the time difference between the high tide, low tide, and the next high tide, stores seawater in the collection pool and the energy storage pool during high tide, extracts uranium from seawater and generates electricity from seawater after low tide and before the next high tide, and the generated electricity is directly supplied to each unit in the system, realizing the self-sufficiency of electricity for the seawater uranium extraction system.

[0044] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the self-powered seawater uranium extraction system of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seawater collection tank and energy storage tank of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structural layout of the centrifugal solid-liquid separation module of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structural layout of the membrane solid-liquid separation unit of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structural layout of the uranium extraction column of the seawater uranium extraction unit of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structural layout of the seawater uranium extraction unit of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structural layout of the hydroelectric power generation unit of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 8 The figure is a schematic diagram of the working process of the self-powered seawater uranium extraction system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0054] It should be understood that the terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0055] It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the term is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "Ⅰ" and "Ⅱ" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0056] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "mounted / connected", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. It can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0057] 1. System composition

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, the self-powered seawater uranium extraction system of the present invention mainly includes a seawater collection / energy storage unit 1 (i.e., a collection tank 110 and an energy storage tank 120), a centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit 2, a membrane solid-liquid separation unit 3, a seawater uranium extraction unit 4, a hydropower generation unit 5, a radiation protection unit 6, a detection unit 7, a flushing unit 8, a video monitoring unit 9 and a control unit 10.

[0059] 1. Seawater collection / energy storage unit

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, the seawater collection / energy storage unit is located on the beach and ensures that seawater can fill the seawater collection tank and the seawater energy storage tank at high tide, and can be freely discharged to the sea at low tide. It mainly includes: a large-volume concrete structure for collecting seawater collection tank 110 and a collection tank 120, and two-stage filter screens (i.e., a slag screen 130 and a filter screen 140) arranged on the collection tank and the energy storage tank. In order to show the filter screen 140, Figure 1 Part of the slag net 130 has been removed. In actual applications, the slag net 130 can be set only at the opening 150 on one side of the collection pool 110 and the collection pool 120, or it can be set on the surface of each pool to partially seal the interior to prevent larger impurities blown by the wind from falling into the pool. At the same time, it can also play a certain protective role to prevent people from accidentally falling in or other organisms from accidentally falling in). A liquid level meter 160 is set in each pool and communicates with the control unit 10, a liquid outlet pipe 180 with a control valve 170, and a diversion dam 190 is set at the front end of each pool (when the tide is high, seawater passes through the diversion dam, and after the large solid impurities are removed by the slag net, it enters the collection pool and the energy storage pool).

[0061] The collecting pool 110 and the collecting pool 120 (the collecting pool 110 and the collecting pool 120 can be designed separately or in an integrated manner) are both located on the beach or partially sunken in the beach. At high tide, seawater flows to the locations of the collecting pool 110 and the collecting pool 120 through the diversion of the diversion dam 10, and fills the collecting pool 110 and the collecting pool 120 after being filtered by the slag net 130. At low tide, the collecting pool 110 will not block the seawater, that is, the seawater can be freely discharged into the sea at low tide, but there is still at least half of the volume of seawater in the collecting pool 110 and the collecting pool 120.

[0062] At high tide, the collection tanks 110 and 120 collect and temporarily store seawater, and perform primary solid-liquid separation on the seawater through the filter screen 140 to remove larger solids in the seawater, and the filtrate enters the centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit 2 and the hydropower generation unit 5 respectively.

[0063] At low tide, because the liquid level of the seawater energy storage tank is higher than the sea level, the seawater entering the hydropower unit 5 has a certain potential energy. The level meter detects the liquid level of the seawater collection tank and the seawater energy storage tank in real time, and feeds back to the control unit to provide a basis for subsequent hydropower generation and seawater solid-liquid separation and uranium extraction control. Therefore, the main functions of the seawater collection / energy storage unit are to collect and temporarily store seawater, primary solid-liquid separation and energy storage.

[0064] 2. Centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit

[0065] The liquid inlet of the centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit 2 is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline of the seawater collection / energy storage unit 1 (i.e., the liquid outlet pipe 180), and is composed of m centrifugal solid-liquid separation modules, each of which includes a serial centrifuge 20 and a water quality detector I 21, such as Figure 3 As shown. The main function of the centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit 2 is to use the centrifuge 20 to remove the smaller solid particles in the filtrate after the primary solid-liquid separation of the seawater collection / energy storage unit 1. The filtrate after the primary solid-liquid separation of the seawater collection / energy storage unit 1 passes through the centrifuge 20 for the second solid-liquid separation, and the separated liquid enters the membrane separation unit 3. The water quality detector I 21 detects the water quality parameters of the separated liquid in real time and feeds back to the control unit 10 to provide a basis for quality control.

[0066] 3. Membrane solid-liquid separation unit

[0067] The liquid inlet of the membrane solid-liquid separation unit 3 is connected to the liquid outlet pipeline of the centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit 2, and is composed of m membrane solid-liquid separation modules, each of which includes a separation membrane 30 and a water quality detector II 31 in series. Figure 4 As shown. The membrane solid-liquid separation module is connected to the centrifugal solid-liquid separation module in a one-to-one correspondence. The main function of the membrane solid-liquid separation unit 2 is to use the separation membrane 30 to filter and remove the tiny particles of solid content in the separation liquid after the centrifugal solid-liquid separation. The separation liquid obtained by the centrifuge 20 is separated again by the membrane solid-liquid separation unit 3 for the third solid-liquid separation, and the separation liquid enters the seawater uranium extraction unit 4. The water quality detector II 31 detects the water quality parameters of the separation liquid in real time and feeds back to the control unit 10 to provide a basis for quality control.

[0068] 4. Uranium extraction unit from seawater

[0069] The seawater uranium extraction unit 4 includes two links: uranium adsorption and uranium elution. The liquid inlet of the seawater uranium extraction unit 4 is respectively connected to the liquid outlet of the membrane solid-liquid separation unit and the liquid outlet pipeline of the eluent storage box, and the liquid outlet of the seawater uranium extraction unit 4 is respectively connected to the liquid inlet pipeline of the hydropower unit and the eluent collection box.

[0070] The seawater uranium extraction unit 4 is composed of m seawater uranium extraction modules, each module including n (n>1) serial uranium extraction columns 40, n radiation detector holes 41, an eluent storage box 42 and an eluent collection box 43, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 The seawater uranium extraction module is connected to the membrane solid-liquid separation module in a one-to-one correspondence. The main function of the seawater uranium extraction unit 4 is to use the uranium extraction column 40 to perform ion exchange on the clear liquid after three solid-liquid separations to achieve the purpose of extracting uranium from seawater.

[0071] The n (n>1) serial uranium extraction columns are all sealable columns made of stainless steel and lead shielding materials, and are filled with ion exchange fibers / resins that can extract uranium elements. There is a radiation detector hole on the top of each uranium extraction column that runs horizontally through the column to the axis, which is used to place the 1st to nth radiation detectors. The 1st to nth radiation detectors detect the radioactive parameters L1 to Ln on the top of the corresponding uranium extraction column in real time, and feed them back to the control unit to provide a basis for evaluating the dynamic performance of the uranium extraction column.

[0072] Assuming that the radioactive parameter measurement value of the upper part of the first uranium extraction column is L1, and the measurement values ​​at x evenly distributed time points are L11, L12...L1x, if these x measurement values ​​maintain a large value and tend to be consistent, it can be said that the lipid exchange capacity of the fiber / resin at the upper part of the ion exchange has reached saturation. Because the inlet of the uranium extraction column is at the bottom and the outlet is at the top, that is to say, the fiber / resin at the bottom of the uranium extraction column first contacts the strongest separation liquid, and the ion exchange reaction is the strongest. As the height increases, the ion exchange reaction gradually weakens. Therefore, if the exchange capacity of the fiber / resin at the upper part of the ion exchange reaches saturation, the fiber / resin capacity of the entire uranium extraction column is saturated. Therefore, by recording and comparing the measurement values ​​of a uranium extraction column in a time period, the exchange capacity of the fiber / resin in the corresponding uranium extraction column can be evaluated, providing a basis for eluting or replacing the fiber / resin in the uranium extraction column. The ion exchange capacity is evaluated based on the x measurement values ​​of the 1st to nth radiation detectors in a time period, and the dynamic performance table of the uranium extraction column is obtained as shown in Table 1.

[0073] Table 1

[0074]

[0075] Through the above analysis, n new uranium extraction columns are activated at the same time, and the uranium extraction column at the front reaches saturation first and is replaced. In order to ensure the dynamic performance of the deep purification unit, the uranium extraction column is positioned according to the size of L1, L2...Ln. The larger the column, the closer it is to the front, so the replaced new column is moved to the back. According to the analysis of the detection results of the radiation detector, the seawater uranium extraction unit has three main working modes: the adsorption working mode of the uranium extraction column, the elution working mode of the uranium extraction column, and the maintenance / replacement working mode of the uranium extraction column. By opening and closing different valves, the maintenance / replacement of the uranium extraction column and the elution of the uranium extraction column can be completed without affecting the normal adsorption work of the uranium extraction column.

[0076] like Figure 6As shown, in order to make the seawater uranium extraction unit meet the three working modules, it is necessary to connect the uranium extraction columns 40, the eluent storage box 42, the eluent collection box 43, the membrane solid-liquid separation unit, and the hydropower generation unit through connecting pipelines, and set a matching electromagnetic valve group 45 on the connecting pipeline 44 to limit its on and off. The structure of the short uranium extraction column is described as an example, as follows:

[0077] The connecting pipeline 44 includes:

[0078] Pipeline I 440 connecting the liquid inlet of each short uranium extraction column to the liquid outlet pipe I of the membrane solid-liquid separation unit;

[0079] A pipeline II 441 connecting the liquid inlet of the rear-stage short uranium extraction column with the liquid outlet of the front-stage short uranium extraction column;

[0080] Pipeline III 442 connecting the liquid outlets of the short uranium extraction columns at each stage with the liquid inlet pipe on the hydropower unit;

[0081] Connect the liquid outlet of the last short uranium extraction column to the liquid inlet of the first short uranium extraction column through pipeline IV443;

[0082] Pipeline V444 connecting pipeline I and pipeline III of the short uranium extraction column of this level;

[0083] Pipeline VI 445 connecting the liquid inlet of each level of short uranium extraction column with the liquid outlet pipe 420 of the eluent storage box 42;

[0084] Pipeline VII 446 connecting the liquid outlet of each stage of the short uranium extraction column with the liquid inlet pipe 430 of the eluent collection box 43;

[0085] The solenoid valve group 45 includes:

[0086] Solenoid valves 4511, 4512, ..., 451n are provided on pipeline I 440;

[0087] Solenoid valves 4521, 4522, ..., 452n-1 are provided on pipeline II 441;

[0088] A solenoid valve 452n provided on the pipeline IV 443;

[0089] Solenoid valves 4531, 4532, ..., 453n are provided on pipeline V444;

[0090] Solenoid valves 4541, 4542, ..., 454n are provided on pipeline III 442;

[0091] Solenoid valves 4551, 4552, ..., 455n are arranged on pipeline I 440 and close to one end of the liquid inlet of each level of short uranium extraction column;

[0092] Solenoid valves 4561, 4562, ... 456n are arranged on pipeline III 442 and close to one end of the liquid outlet of each level of short uranium extraction column;

[0093] Solenoid valves 4571, 4572, ... 457n provided on pipeline VI445;

[0094] Solenoid valves 4581, 4582, ..., 458n are arranged on pipeline VII446.

[0095] 1) Adsorption working mode of uranium extraction column

[0096] In the adsorption working mode of the uranium extraction column, by switching the working state of the solenoid valve group, the seawater separated from the membrane solid-liquid separation unit enters any level of uranium extraction column for uranium extraction operation, and the treated seawater enters the hydropower unit for secondary utilization; within a period of time, the detection results of the radiation detector on the uranium extraction column keep changing, and the uranium extraction column is unsaturated and in the adsorption working mode. In the adsorption working mode of the uranium extraction column, each valve is in different open and closed states corresponding to different application scenarios as shown in Table 2.

[0097] Table 2

[0098]

[0099] 2) Elution working mode of uranium extraction column

[0100] In the elution working mode, by switching the working state of the solenoid valve group, the eluent stored in the eluent storage box enters any level of uranium extraction column, elutes the uranium on the uranium extraction column, and flows into the eluent collection box along with the eluent to complete the uranium extraction operation; within a period of time, if the detection result of the radiation detector on a certain uranium extraction column remains unchanged, the uranium extraction column is saturated and can enter the elution working mode. In the elution working mode of the uranium extraction column, the valves are in different open and closed states corresponding to different application scenarios as shown in Table 3.

[0101] Table 3

[0102]

[0103]

[0104] 3) Uranium extraction column maintenance / replacement mode

[0105] In the maintenance / replacement working mode, by switching the working state of the solenoid valve group, the uranium extraction column that needs maintenance / replacement is not connected to any pipeline to facilitate maintenance / replacement operations, and in the maintenance / replacement operation, the new column is moved to the back. Over a period of time, the detection result of the radiation detector of a uranium extraction column remains unchanged and small, indicating that the ion exchange capacity of the uranium extraction column decreases and the maintenance / replacement working mode can be entered. After the elution of the uranium extraction column is completed, the uranium extraction column needs to be maintained / replaced. In the maintenance / replacement working mode of the uranium extraction column, each valve is in different open and closed states corresponding to different application scenarios as shown in Table 4.

[0106] Table 4

[0107]

[0108] 5. Hydropower unit

[0109] The liquid inlet of the hydroelectric unit 5 is connected to the energy storage tank 120 and the liquid outlet pipeline of the seawater uranium extraction unit 4, and the liquid outlet leads to the sea. It is composed of a group of hydroelectric generators 50, such as Figure 7 The main function of the hydroelectric power generation unit 5 is to utilize the tidal energy of seawater to generate electricity and provide electrical energy for the self-sufficient seawater uranium extraction system.

[0110] 6. Flushing unit

[0111] The liquid inlet of the flushing unit 6 is connected to the liquid outlet pipelines of the seawater energy storage unit and the seawater uranium extraction unit to provide flushing water for other units.

[0112] 7. Radiation protection unit

[0113] The radiation protection unit 7 is composed of a lead layer wrapped in a uranium extraction column. The thickness of the lead layer is determined by the activity of the uranium extraction column when it reaches saturation. The function of the radiation protection unit is to shield the radiation generated by the uranium element enriched by the seawater uranium extraction unit to ensure the radiation safety of personnel entering the site.

[0114] 8. Detection unit

[0115] The detection unit 8 includes the level meter, water quality detector and radiation detector for radioactivity detection involved in each unit. The function of the detection unit is to collect and display the process parameters of the system and feed them back to the control unit to provide a basis for quality control and performance evaluation.

[0116] 9. Video surveillance unit

[0117] The video monitoring unit 9 includes a plurality of cameras installed at the system working site. The function of the video monitoring unit is to collect the on-site video signals of each unit of the self-powered seawater uranium extraction system and feed them back to the control unit to provide guarantee for the safe operation of the system.

[0118] 10. Control unit

[0119] The control unit consists of an input module, a communication module, a control module, an execution module, a display module and an alarm module. The input module receives the operator's instructions and the test results of the liquid level, water quality parameters and radioactivity of the detection unit and the video signal of the video monitoring unit as the given value and feedback value of the control unit. The communication module transmits the given value and feedback value to the control module. The control module receives the given value and feedback value and outputs the control signal to the execution module through the communication membrane. The execution module consists of all the valves and generators of each unit. The execution module receives the control signal to adjust the flow and liquid level, and start and stop (close) the equipment and valves of each unit. The display module is mainly used for real-time display of operator instructions, on-site images, process parameters and work processes. During the operation of the system, the alarm module generates sound and light signals when abnormalities occur in various parameters, prompting the operator to deal with them in time.

[0120] 2. Workflow

[0121] like Figure 8 As shown, the main working process of the self-sufficient seawater uranium extraction system includes two aspects: seawater power generation and seawater uranium extraction.

[0122] 1. The working process of seawater power generation is as follows:

[0123] ①Step 1: At high tide, seawater enters the seawater storage tank until it is full.

[0124] ② Step 2: After low tide and before high tide, the seawater after primary solid-liquid separation and / or the separated liquid after uranium element extraction enters the hydroelectric unit to drive the hydroelectric generator set to generate electricity and provide electrical energy to the entire self-sufficient seawater uranium extraction system.

[0125] ③Step 3: Before high tide, the seawater after power generation is discharged into the sea.

[0126] 2. The specific working process of extracting uranium from seawater is as follows:

[0127] ①Step 1: At high tide, seawater enters the seawater collection tank until it is full.

[0128] ② Step 2: After low tide and before high tide, the seawater after primary solid-liquid separation through the filter screen enters the centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit to simultaneously perform secondary solid-liquid separation through the m centrifugal solid-liquid separation modules provided in the centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit to meet the needs of large-volume separation.

[0129] ③ Step 3: The separated liquid after solid-liquid separation by the centrifuge enters the membrane solid-liquid separation unit to perform tertiary solid-liquid separation through m membrane solid-liquid separation modules connected in series with m centrifugal solid-liquid separation modules.

[0130] ④ Step 4: The separated liquid after membrane solid-liquid separation enters the seawater uranium extraction unit to perform ion exchange through m seawater uranium extraction modules connected in series with m membrane solid-liquid separation modules to extract uranium elements;

[0131] Furthermore, in actual applications, the liquid level meter in the collection tank transmits the detected liquid level data back to the control unit in real time. The control unit adjusts the working status of the control valve and the flow valve on the collection tank based on the liquid level data to control the flow of seawater flowing into the centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit. At the same time, the number of centrifugal solid-liquid separation modules and the membrane solid-liquid separation modules and seawater uranium extraction modules connected in series therewith can be selected according to the liquid level.

[0132] ⑤Step 5: The separated liquid after uranium element extraction enters the hydroelectric unit to drive the hydroelectric generator set to generate electricity.

[0133] Example 1

[0134] The adsorption material in the seawater uranium extraction unit of this embodiment is a LDH micro-nano fiber composite material synthesized by in-situ growth method, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0135] Step 1, prepare 1 mol / L MgCl2 solution and 1 mol / L AlCl3 solution respectively, take 30 mL of MgCl2 solution and 60 mL of AlCl3 solution in a beaker, heat to 60°C under stirring, and then slowly add 2 mol / L NaOH solution until the solution pH reaches about 10, at which time an obvious white precipitate is generated. After constant temperature crystallization at 60°C for 12 hours, wash alternately with ethanol and deionized water until the filtrate is clear, and the obtained LDH precipitate is dried for use;

[0136] Step 2: Dissolve 0.7 g polyacrylonitrile and 0.1 g polyvinyl alcohol in 10 mL dimethyl sulfoxide solution and mix evenly. Heat to 80°C with stirring in water to dissolve the polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylonitrile to obtain a spinning base solution. Evenly disperse 0.1 g of LDH in the spinning base solution in small amounts and multiple times. Stir in water at a constant temperature for 4 hours to obtain an LDH fiber spinning solution, and prepare MgAl-LDH micro-nanofibers using electrospinning technology.

[0137] Step 3, take 30mL of MgCl2 solution and 60mL of AlCl3 solution in a beaker and stir evenly, add the above-obtained LDH micro-nano fiber, continue stirring, heat to 60°C, and then slowly add 2 mol / L NaOH solution until the solution pH reaches about 10, at which time white crystals are generated on the fiber surface. After the hydrothermal reaction is completed for 12 hours, the fiber is filtered out and washed alternately with ethanol and deionized water until the filtrate is clear. After drying, the LDH micro-nano fiber composite material is obtained.

[0138] From the SEM image of the LDH micro-nanofibers obtained in step 2 of this embodiment, it can be seen that the surface of the LDH micro-nanofibers obtained by electrospinning has obvious wrinkles, and the fiber diameter is in the range of 100-500nm; from the SEM image of the LDH micro-nanofiber composite material obtained in step 3, it can be seen that the surface of the micro-nanofibers after the in-situ growth of LDH becomes rough, and obvious LDH crystals are generated; from the FTIR images of the LDH micro-nanofibers and the LDH micro-nanofiber composite material obtained in steps 2 and 3, it can be seen that the LDH micro-nanofiber structure contains cyanide, CH, and CC skeletons of PAN, -OH, CH, and CC skeletons of PVA, and interlayer species composed of double metal hydroxides and water molecules contained in LDH; the concentration of interlayer species composed of double metal hydroxides and water molecules in the micro-nanofibers after the in-situ growth of LDH is significantly increased.

[0139] The above solution is only an illustration of a preferred embodiment, but is not limited thereto. When implementing the present invention, appropriate replacement and / or modification can be performed according to user needs.

[0140] The number of devices and processing scales described here are used to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0141] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the embodiments. It can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily realized. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and equivalent scope, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described here.

Claims

1. A self-powered seawater uranium extraction system, comprising a centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit and a membrane solid-liquid separation unit for deep solid-liquid separation of seawater, a flushing unit coordinated with the centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit and the membrane solid-liquid separation unit, a control unit connected to each unit in communication, and a video monitoring unit connected to the control unit in communication to provide feedback on the processing process, characterized in that: Also includes: Collection tanks and storage tanks located on or partially within the beach and positioned to ensure that they are fully covered by seawater at high tide; A hydroelectric power generation unit connected to the upper drain port Ⅰ of the energy storage tank through the pipeline Ⅰ; A seawater uranium extraction unit matched with the upper discharge port II of the membrane solid-liquid separation unit through pipeline II; Wherein, the drainage port III of the collection tank is connected to the liquid inlet of the centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit, and the drainage port IV of the seawater uranium extraction unit is connected to the hydropower generation unit; The hydroelectric power generation unit is electrically connected to each unit.

2. The self-sufficient seawater uranium extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collection tank and the energy storage tank are both configured to include: A pool of concrete structure, wherein an opening for seawater to enter is provided in the middle of one side of the pool at a position matching the direction of high tide; Set up a slag screen on the opening; A filter screen is set at one corner of the bottom of the pool, and the top is flush with the lower end surface of the slag screen in space; A level gauge installed inside the pool; The pool is configured to be inclined with respect to the sea level, and the filter screen is arranged at the lowest point of the bottom of the pool, so that a filtration area is constructed inside the pool through the filter screen, and a liquid outlet pipe with a control valve and a flow valve is arranged on the filtration area; The control valve and the liquid level meter are both communicatively connected to the control unit.

3. The self-sufficient seawater uranium extraction system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each pool is provided with a diversion dam on the same side of the slag screen.

4. The self-sufficient seawater uranium extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit comprises: m groups of centrifugal solid-liquid separation modules, and each group of centrifugal solid-liquid separation modules comprises a centrifuge and a water quality detector connected in series; The membrane solid-liquid separation unit comprises: a membrane solid-liquid separation module matched with the liquid outlet end of each group of centrifugal solid-liquid separation modules, and each membrane solid-liquid separation module comprises a separation membrane and a water quality detector connected in series.

5. The self-sufficient seawater uranium extraction system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The seawater uranium extraction unit comprises: a seawater uranium extraction module matched with the liquid outlet of each membrane solid-liquid separation module, and each seawater uranium extraction module comprises n serial uranium extraction columns; An eluent storage box and an eluent collection box that match the seawater uranium extraction module; Wherein, each uranium extraction column is provided with a detection hole for accommodating a radiation detector; Each uranium extraction column is connected with the eluent storage box, the eluent collection box, the membrane solid-liquid separation unit, and the hydropower generation unit through matching connecting pipelines, and the working mode of the uranium extraction column is switched by the electromagnetic valve group arranged on the connecting pipelines.

6. The self-sufficient seawater uranium extraction system according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each uranium extraction column is provided with a radiation shielding lead layer to construct a radiation protection unit in a self-powered seawater uranium extraction system.

7. An application method of the self-powered seawater uranium extraction system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: At high tide, seawater is collected through collection ponds and storage tanks; After low tide and before the next high tide, power generation is performed by the seawater flowing into the hydroelectric power generation unit, and uranium extraction is performed by the seawater flowing into the centrifugal solid-liquid separation unit, the membrane solid-liquid separation unit, and the seawater uranium extraction unit.

8. The application method of the self-sufficient seawater uranium extraction system as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The process of uranium extraction operation includes: S10. At high tide, seawater flows into and fills the collection pool after primary solid-liquid separation through the two-stage filtration mechanism on the collection pool; S11, after low tide and before the next high tide, the seawater after primary solid-liquid separation flows into multiple groups of centrifugal solid-liquid separation modules in parallel for secondary solid-liquid separation; S12, the separated liquid after the secondary solid-liquid separation flows into the corresponding membrane solid-liquid separation module respectively for tertiary solid-liquid separation; S13, the separated liquids after the three-stage solid-liquid separation flow into the corresponding seawater uranium extraction modules for ion exchange to extract uranyl ions in the seawater; S14, the liquid level meter in the collection tank transmits the detected liquid level data back to the control unit in real time, and the control unit adjusts the working status of the control valve and the flow valve based on the liquid level data.

9. The application method of the self-sufficient seawater uranium extraction system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The process of the power generation operation includes: S20, after the ebb tide and before the next high tide, the separated liquid extracted by the seawater uranium extraction module and the seawater after the primary solid-liquid separation in the energy storage tank flow into the hydropower unit to drive the hydropower generator set to generate seawater power; S21. Before the next high tide, the seawater after power generation is discharged into the sea to empty the energy storage tank.

10. The application method of the self-sufficient seawater uranium extraction system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method also includes switching the working state of the electromagnetic valve group so that the seawater uranium extraction unit has the following three working modes: adsorption working mode, elution working mode and maintenance / replacement working mode; Among them, in the adsorption working mode of the uranium extraction column, by switching the working state of the solenoid valve group, the seawater separated from the membrane solid-liquid separation unit enters any level of uranium extraction column for uranium extraction operation, and the treated seawater enters the hydropower unit for secondary utilization; In the elution working mode, by switching the working state of the electromagnetic valve group, the eluent stored in the eluent storage box enters into any level of uranium extraction column, elutes the uranium on the uranium extraction column, and flows into the eluent collection box along with the eluent, completing the uranium extraction operation; In the maintenance / replacement working mode, by switching the working state of the solenoid valve group, the uranium extraction column that needs maintenance / replacement is not connected to any pipeline, so as to facilitate the maintenance / replacement operation, and during the maintenance / replacement operation, the new column to be replaced is moved to the back.

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