Stable tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device

Abstract

The invention discloses a stable tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device, and relates to the technical field of tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring. Comprising symmetrically-distributed fixing plates, the symmetrically-distributed fixing plates are jointly and fixedly connected with a metal plate, the metal plate is rotationally connected with connecting rods distributed in a central symmetry mode, the metal plate is fixedly connected with a sliding frame, the sliding frame is slidably connected with symmetrically-distributed rectangular sliding blocks, and the rectangular sliding blocks are fixedly connected with angle sensors. An input shaft of the angle sensor is fixedly connected with the adjacent connecting rod, the rectangular sliding block is fixedly connected with an L-shaped frame, and the sliding frame is fixedly connected with symmetrically-distributed sliding rheostats. The metal plate is attached to the inner side of the tunnel surrounding rock through the fixing plate so as to enlarge the tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring area, when the tunnel surrounding rock in a certain area deforms, the metal plate is extruded, the numerical value changes of the slide rheostat and the angle sensor are combined and recorded, and the deformation position and the deformation degree of the tunnel surrounding rock are judged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring, and in particular to a stable tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel surrounding rock refers to the rock and soil within a certain range around the tunnel. During the construction of a small cable tunnel, the tunnel surrounding rock may deform due to changes in geological conditions, groundwater and other factors. The deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock will affect the stability and safety of the tunnel. For this reason, it is necessary to monitor the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock. Existing monitoring devices include convergence meters, multi-point displacement meters, etc. However, the existing convergence meters need to be marked at the landmark points and fixed when in use. This process is relatively cumbersome and cannot monitor a certain area in time. In addition, it is not convenient to place it at the monitored location for a long time because it affects the movement of construction equipment or other objects and hinders the subsequent construction process. In addition, since the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock may occur in any area, the existing convergence meter cannot realize the monitoring of a large area. When the location where the tunnel surrounding rock is deformed is not within the monitoring range of the convergence meter, it is difficult to monitor the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock in time, which affects the safety of the construction equipment. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings of existing monitoring devices that are not convenient for long-term monitoring and have a small monitoring range, the present invention provides a stable tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device.

[0004] Technical solution: A stable tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device, including symmetrically distributed fixed plates, the symmetrically distributed fixed plates are commonly fixed with metal plates, the metal plates are rotatably connected with centrally symmetrically distributed connecting rods, the lower side of the middle of the metal plate is fixed with a sliding frame, the sliding frame is slidably connected with symmetrically distributed rectangular sliders, the rectangular slider is fixed with an angle sensor, the input shaft of the angle sensor is fixed with the adjacent connecting rod, the rectangular slider is fixed with an L-shaped frame, the sliding frame is slidably connected with a symmetrically distributed n-shaped frame, a spring is fixed between the L-shaped frame and the adjacent n-shaped frame, the sliding frame is fixed with symmetrically distributed sliding rheostats, and the sliding piece of the sliding rheostat is fixed with the adjacent n-shaped frame.

[0005] Furthermore, the metal plate consists of a vertical portion and an arc-shaped portion, and the fixing plate is fixedly connected to the junction of the vertical portion and the fixing portion of the metal plate.

[0006] Furthermore, a plurality of grooves are provided on the arc portion of the metal plate near the fixing plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the vertical portion of the metal plate is a rigid structure and has the ability to resist deformation.

[0008] Furthermore, the shape of the connecting rod is set to be an arc, and the convex arc of the connecting rod faces the arc-shaped portion of the metal plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the elastic force of the spring is smaller than the friction force of the sliding piece of the sliding rheostat.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes two stabilizing components, which are respectively arranged on the two vertical parts of the metal plate, and the stabilizing components are used to make the vertical parts of the metal plate fit tightly with the inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock. The stabilizing components include a straight pipe, which is fixed to the vertical part adjacent to the metal plate, and the part where the straight pipe is fixed to the vertical part adjacent to the metal plate is made of soft material. A through hole is arranged on the straight pipe, and a plurality of support frames are fixed to the straight pipe. A cylinder is fixed to the upper side of the support frame, and the cylinder is provided with two through holes. A first one-way valve is arranged in one of the through holes of the cylinder, and the first one-way valve is connected to the cavity inside the adjacent straight pipe through a pipeline. A sealing piece is sealed in the inner cavity of the cylinder, and a ball that is squeezed and matched with the sealing piece is placed in the inner cavity of the cylinder, and a second one-way valve is arranged in the other through hole of the cylinder.

[0011] Furthermore, the flow area of ​​the through hole on the straight pipe is smaller than the sum of the flow areas of several adjacent first one-way valves.

[0012] Furthermore, the diameter of the sphere is smaller than the diameter of the inner cavity of the cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, the blocking piece is made of elastic material and has a raised middle portion.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The present invention makes the metal plate fit with the inner side of the tunnel surrounding rock through the fixing plate to increase the area for monitoring the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock. When the tunnel surrounding rock in a certain area is deformed, the metal plate is squeezed, and the value changes of the sliding rheostat and the angle sensor are combined and recorded to determine the position and degree of deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock. Through the buffering of the spring, the fluctuation of the monitoring value caused by the vibration of the tunnel surrounding rock caused by external factors and the transmission of the vibration to the arc-shaped part of the metal plate is reduced, thereby ensuring the stable display of the monitoring value.

[0015] 2. The present invention provides a plurality of grooves on the arc-shaped portion of the metal plate. When the arc-shaped portion of the metal plate is deformed, the grooves are squeezed instead of the vertical portion of the metal plate, thereby ensuring that the position of the vertical portion remains unchanged and improving the accuracy of the monitoring value.

[0016] 3. The present invention continuously inflates the straight pipe through the vibration of the tunnel to expand the straight pipe and squeeze the vertical part of the metal plate, thereby avoiding the fluctuation of the monitoring value caused by the vibration of the vertical part of the metal plate, and ensuring that the value changes monitored by the monitoring system remain stable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the metal plate and the connecting rod of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fixing plate of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the sliding frame and the angle sensor of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the spring and the n-shaped frame of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the support frame and the cylinder of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the blocking piece and the sphere of the present invention.

[0018] In the above figures: 1: fixed plate, 2: metal plate, 3: connecting rod, 4: sliding frame, 5: rectangular slider, 6: angle sensor, 7: L-shaped frame, 8: spring, 9: n-shaped frame, 10: sliding rheostat, 1201: supporting frame, 1202: straight tube, 1203: cylinder, 1204: first one-way valve, 1205: blocking piece, 1207: sphere, 1208: second one-way valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0020] When the existing monitoring device is used to monitor the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock, the steps before the monitoring device is used are relatively complicated and difficult to monitor in time, and it requires a two-point horizontal fixation, which not only affects the passage of the construction device and hinders the construction progress, but also makes it impossible to monitor a large area, resulting in the situation where the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock is not monitored in time, affecting the safety of the tunnel.

[0021] Embodiment 1: A stable tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device, such as Figure 1-Figure 5As shown, it includes two fixed plates 1 symmetrically distributed on the left and right, and the two fixed plates 1 symmetrically distributed on the left and right are fixedly connected with a metal plate 2. The length of the metal plate 2 is the area of ​​monitoring the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The metal plate 2 is composed of a vertical part and an arc part, and the vertical part is a rigid structure with anti-deformation ability, which is used to prevent the vertical part from being deformed when it is partially squeezed, and drive one end of the metal plate 2 to swing around the adjacent fixed plate 1 as the center. The fixed plate 1 is fixedly connected to the junction of the vertical part and the arc part of the metal plate 2. The metal plate 2 is divided into three parts with the fixed plate 1 as the dividing point, so as to reduce the influence of the local deformation of the metal plate on other parts. The arc-shaped portion of the metal plate 2 is provided with a plurality of grooves near the fixed plate 1, and the plurality of grooves are serrated. When the arc-shaped portion above the metal plate 2 is deformed, the plurality of serrated grooves are squeezed and contracted, so as to avoid squeezing the fixed plate 1 when the arc-shaped portion of the metal plate 2 is deformed, thereby ensuring the fixing degree of the fixed plate 1. The metal plate 2 is rotatably connected with two connecting rods 3 distributed symmetrically in the center. The shape of the connecting rod 3 is set to be arc-shaped, and the convex arc of the connecting rod 3 faces the arc-shaped portion of the metal plate 2, so as to reduce the influence of the connecting rod 3 on the tunnel passage space. The curvature of the connecting rod 3 can be adjusted according to the actual use situation. The lower side of the middle part of the metal plate 2 is fixed with a sliding frame 4 The sliding frame 4 is in a vertically fixed state. The sliding frame 4 is provided with two rectangular slide grooves symmetrically distributed front and back. A rectangular slider 5 is slidably connected in the rectangular slide groove. An angle sensor 6 is fixedly connected to the back sides of the two rectangular sliders 5. The angle sensor 6 is electrically connected to the external monitoring system. The input shaft of the angle sensor 6 is fixedly connected to the adjacent connecting rod 3. The angle sensor 6 is used to detect the rotation angle of the upper end of the connecting rod 3. An L-shaped frame 7 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the rectangular slider 5. The sliding frame 4 is slidably connected to two n-shaped frames 9 symmetrically distributed front and back. A spring 8 is fixedly connected between the upper side of the L-shaped frame 7 and the adjacent n-shaped frame 9. The sliding frame 4 is fixedly connected to The two sliding rheostats 10 are used to reflect the deformation degree of the tunnel surrounding rock through the sliding distance of their own sliding pieces. The sliding rheostats 10 are electrically connected to the external monitoring system. The change value of the resistance in the circuit connected to the sliding rheostats 10 is displayed through the monitoring system. The sliding piece of the sliding rheostats 10 is fixedly connected to the adjacent n-shaped frame 9. The distance that the n-shaped frame 9 slides along the sliding frame 4 is the sliding distance of the sliding piece of the sliding rheostats 10. The elastic force of the spring 8 is less than the friction force of the sliding piece of the sliding rheostats 10. It is used to buffer the vibration to avoid the sliding of the sliding piece of the sliding rheostats 10 caused by the vibration, so as to ensure the stable display of the monitoring value.

[0022] When it is necessary to monitor a certain section of the tunnel surrounding rock, the staff fixes the metal plate 2 and its accessories on the inner side of the tunnel surrounding rock to be monitored through two fixing plates 1, and then electrically connects the angle sensor 6 and the sliding rheostat 10 to the external monitoring system, and finally turns on the external monitoring system to start monitoring the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0023] When the tunnel surrounding rock on both sides is deformed, the deformation on the left side of the tunnel surrounding rock is taken as an example. A certain part on the left side of the tunnel surrounding rock is deformed and moves to the right. The vertical part on the left side of the metal plate 2 is squeezed by the tunnel surrounding rock. Under the action of the fixing plate 1, the vertical part on the left side of the metal plate 2 swings to the right with the fixing part of the left fixing plate 1 as the center. The right swing of the vertical part on the left side of the metal plate 2 drives the adjacent connecting rod 3 and the rotating connection of the metal plate 2 to swing to the right. The right swing of the rotating connection of the connecting rod 3 and the metal plate 2 causes the upper end of the connecting rod 3 to drive the input shaft of the angle sensor 6 to rotate counterclockwise while driving the angle sensor 6 to move upward. The angle sensor The input shaft of 6 rotates counterclockwise so that the angle sensor 6 detects the change of angle and transmits the change of angle to the external monitoring system. The angle sensor 6 moves upward and drives the adjacent rectangular slider 5 to slide upward. The upward sliding of the rectangular slider 5 drives the adjacent L-shaped frame 7 to slide upward. The L-shaped frame 7 slides upward to squeeze the adjacent spring 8. The spring 8 is squeezed and compressed. After the spring 8 is compressed to the limit, the L-shaped frame 7 drives the adjacent n-shaped frame 9 to slide upward. The upward sliding of the n-shaped frame 9 drives the slider of the adjacent sliding rheostat 10 to slide upward. The slider of the sliding rheostat 10 slides upward to change the resistance of the sliding rheostat 10, so that the monitoring value on the external monitoring system changes.

[0024] When the tunnel surrounding rock on the right side is deformed, the swing direction of the right connecting rod 3 and the rotation direction of the input shaft of the rear angle sensor 6 are opposite to the swing direction of the left connecting rod 3 and the input shaft direction of the front angle sensor 6, and the rest are the same as the above actions.

[0025] When the tunnel surrounding rock in the middle of the upper side is deformed and moves downward, the tunnel surrounding rock squeezes the middle of the upper side of the arc-shaped portion of the metal plate 2, causing the arc-shaped portion of the metal plate 2 to deform and move downward. The metal plate 2 in the middle of the upper side moves downward, driving the sliding frame 4 to move downward. At the same time, several grooves on the metal plate 2 are squeezed and deformed. The sliding frame 4 moves downward, driving two symmetrically distributed sliding rheostats 10 to move downward. The sliding rheostats 10 move downward, driving the sliding pieces thereon to move downward. The sliding pieces of the sliding rheostats 10 move downward, driving the adjacent n-shaped frames 9 to move downward. At the same time, the two connecting rods 3 are connected to the metal plates on both sides. The plate 2 remains stationary, the two connecting rods 3 remain stationary, so that the two rectangular sliders 5, the two angle sensors 6 and the adjacent L-shaped frame 7 remain stationary, the spring 8 is compressed under the relative displacement of the adjacent L-shaped frame 7 and the adjacent n-shaped frame 9, when the spring 8 is compressed to the limit, the sliding rheostat 10 continues to move downward, and the slider of the sliding rheostat 10 remains stationary under the drive of the adjacent L-shaped frame 7 and the adjacent compressed spring 8. The slider of the sliding rheostat 10 remains stationary, so that it slides relative to the sliding rheostat 10, changes the resistance of the sliding rheostat 10, and changes the monitoring value on the external monitoring system.

[0026] When the upper left part of the tunnel surrounding rock is deformed, the upper left part of the arc-shaped portion of the metal plate 2 is squeezed by the tunnel surrounding rock and deforms and moves to the lower right. The upper left part of the arc-shaped portion of the metal plate 2 moves to the lower right and drives the sliding frame 4 to swing to the right. The connection between the two connecting rods 3 and the metal plate 2 remains stationary. The two connecting rods 3 respectively drive the input shafts of the adjacent angle sensors 6 to rotate. At the same time, the two connecting rods 3 respectively drive the rectangular slider 5 to slide relatively in the sliding frame 4 through the adjacent angle sensors 6. The left connecting rod 3 controls the adjacent rectangular slider 5 to slide upward relative to the sliding frame 4. The right connecting rod 3 drives the rectangular slider 5 to slide downward relative to the sliding frame 4. The sliding of the rectangular slider 5 drives the adjacent L-shaped frame 7 to slide respectively. The two L-shaped frames 7 drive the n-shaped frame 9 to slide respectively through the adjacent springs 8. The sliding of the n-shaped frame 9 drives the sliding piece of the adjacent sliding rheostat 10 to slide, thereby changing the resistance of the sliding rheostat 10, so that the monitoring value on the external monitoring system changes.

[0027] When the upper right part of the tunnel surrounding rock is deformed, the above-mentioned action is repeated, but the swinging direction of the sliding frame 4, the rotation direction of the two connecting rods 3 and the sliding direction of the two rectangular sliding blocks 5 are opposite to the above-mentioned.

[0028] After the monitoring is completed, the fixation between the two fixing plates 1 and the tunnel surrounding rock needs to be released, and the metal plate 2 and the attached devices thereon need to be removed to complete the recovery of the device.

[0029] As the tunnel is under construction, construction equipment will pass through it one after another. When the construction equipment passes the monitored position, it will cause the bottom surface of the tunnel to vibrate, which will in turn cause the vertical part of the metal plate closest to the bottom surface to vibrate. The vibration of the vertical part of the metal plate is transmitted to the connecting rod, causing the monitored values ​​to fluctuate, affecting the judgment of the monitored values.

[0030] Embodiment 2: Based on embodiment 1, Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, it also includes two stabilizing components, which are respectively arranged on the two vertical parts of the metal plate 2. The stabilizing components are used to make the vertical parts of the metal plate 2 fit closely with the inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock. The stabilizing components include a straight tube 1202, which is fixed to the adjacent vertical parts of the metal plate 2. The part where the straight tube 1202 is fixed to the adjacent vertical parts of the metal plate 2 is made of soft material, which is used to reduce the amount of inflation required for the straight tube 1202 to expand and squeeze the vertical parts of the adjacent metal plates 2 after inflation, so that the two vertical parts of the metal plate 2 move back to back, thereby reducing the vibration amplitude of the vertical parts of the metal plate 2. A through hole is arranged in the middle of the straight tube 1202. 202 is fixedly connected to a plurality of support frames 1201. In the present invention, the plurality of support frames 1201 are two symmetrically distributed front and back. A cylinder 1203 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the support frame 1201. The cylinder 1203 is provided with two through holes. A first one-way valve 1204 is provided in one of the through holes of the cylinder 1203. The first one-way valve 1204 is connected to the cavity inside the adjacent straight pipe 1202 through a pipeline. The flow direction of the first one-way valve 1204 is from the inner cavity of the adjacent cylinder 1203 to the inner cavity of the adjacent straight pipe 1202. The inner cavity of the cylinder 1203 is sealed with a blocking piece 1205. The blocking piece 1205 is connected to the adjacent cylinder 12 03 inner cavity forms a sealed cavity, the positions of the two through holes of the cylinder 1203 are located at the lower side of the adjacent blocking piece 1205, and the inner cavity of the cylinder 1203 is placed with a ball 1207 that is pressed and matched with the blocking piece 1205. The height of the cylinder 1203 can be adjusted according to the mutual moving distance between the ball 1207 and the adjacent cylinder 1203 during vibration to ensure that the ball 1207 will not fall off from the inner cavity of the adjacent cylinder 1203. The ball 1207 is located on the upper side of the adjacent blocking piece 1205. The blocking piece 1205 is made of elastic material and has a convex middle part, which is used to make the ball 1207 squeeze the convex middle part of the adjacent blocking piece 1205, so as to change the sealing piece 1205 and the adjacent The inner cavity of the adjacent cylinder 1203 constitutes the volume of the sealed cavity. The diameter of the sphere 1207 is smaller than the diameter of the inner cavity of the cylinder 1203, which is used to ensure that the sphere 1207 moves up and down in the inner cavity of the adjacent cylinder 1203 without being stuck. A second one-way valve 1208 is arranged in another through hole of the cylinder 1203. The flow direction of the second one-way valve 1208 is from the outside of the adjacent cylinder 1203 to the inner cavity of the adjacent cylinder 1203. The flow area of ​​the second one-way valve 1208 is larger than the flow area of ​​the first one-way valve 1204. The flow area of ​​the through hole on the straight tube 1202 is smaller than the sum of the flow areas of the adjacent symmetrically distributed first one-way valves 1204.

[0031] When the area to be monitored passes through construction equipment or other objects, vibrations will be triggered in the area. For example, the movement of a support frame 1201 is driven by the bottom of the tunnel surrounding rock to vibrate and move up and down. When the support frame 1201 moves upward, it drives the adjacent cylinder 1203 to move upward. The upward movement of the cylinder 1203 drives the sealing piece 1205 inside it to move upward. The sealing piece 1205 moves upward and contacts the adjacent sphere 1207. The sphere 1207 squeezes the sealing piece 1205, making the sealing piece 1205 move upward. The raised portion in the middle of the plugging piece 1205 is deformed, reducing the volume of the sealed cavity on the lower side of the plugging piece 1205. The gas in the reduced cavity enters the cavity in the straight tube 1202 through the first one-way valve 1204 and the pipeline, and flows out through the through hole of the straight tube 1202 itself. However, the amount of gas entering the cavity in the straight tube 1202 is greater than the amount of gas flowing out through the through hole of the straight tube 1202 itself, causing the straight tube 1202 to inflate and squeeze the adjacent end of the metal plate 2 to reduce the vibration amplitude of the metal plate 2.

[0032] When the support frame 1201 moves downward, it drives the adjacent cylinder 1203 downward. The downward movement of the cylinder 1203 drives the sealing piece 1205 therein downward. The sealing piece 1205 moves downward to release the squeeze with the adjacent sphere 1207. The sealing piece 1205 returns to a convex state in the middle under the action of its own elastic restoring force. At the same time, the gas enters the closed cavity below the sealing piece 1205 through the second one-way valve 1208, completing the reset of the stabilizing component. When the vibration of this area stops, no gas enters the cavity in the straight tube 1202 and the gas flows out from its own through hole, completing the reset of the straight tube 1202, avoiding the vibration of the vertical part of the metal plate 2 causing fluctuations in the monitored values, making the monitored values ​​more stable and easy to detect changes in values.

[0033] The above embodiments are provided for persons familiar with the art to implement or use the present invention. Personnel familiar with the art may make various modifications or changes to the above embodiments without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.

Claims

1. A stable tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device, characterized by: The invention comprises symmetrically distributed fixing plates (1), wherein the symmetrically distributed fixing plates (1) are fixedly connected to a metal plate (2), wherein the metal plate (2) is rotatably connected to a connecting rod (3) symmetrically distributed at the center, wherein a sliding frame (4) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the middle part of the metal plate (2), wherein the sliding frame (4) is slidably connected to a symmetrically distributed rectangular slider (5), wherein the rectangular slider (5) is fixedly connected to an angle sensor (6), wherein the input shaft of the angle sensor (6) is fixedly connected to the adjacent connecting rod (3), wherein the rectangular slider (5) is fixedly connected to an L-shaped frame (7), wherein the sliding frame (4) is slidably connected to an n-shaped frame (9) symmetrically distributed, wherein a spring (8) is fixedly connected between the L-shaped frame (7) and the adjacent n-shaped frame (9), wherein the sliding frame (4) is fixedly connected to a symmetrically distributed sliding rheostat (10), wherein the sliding sheet of the sliding rheostat (10) is fixedly connected to the adjacent n-shaped frame (9).

2. The stable tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The metal plate (2) consists of a vertical portion and an arc-shaped portion, and the fixing plate (1) is fixedly connected to the junction of the vertical portion and the fixing portion of the metal plate (2).

3. The stable tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A plurality of grooves are provided on the arc-shaped portion of the metal plate (2) near the fixing plate (1).

4. The stable tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The vertical portion of the metal plate (2) is a rigid structure and has the ability to resist deformation.

5. The stable tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The shape of the connecting rod (3) is set to be an arc, and the convex arc of the connecting rod (3) faces the arc-shaped portion of the metal plate (2).

6. The stable tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The elastic force of the spring (8) is smaller than the friction force of the sliding piece of the sliding rheostat (10).

7. The stable tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to claim 3 is characterized by: The invention also comprises two stabilizing components, the two stabilizing components are respectively arranged on the two vertical parts of the metal plate (2), the stabilizing components are used to make the vertical parts of the metal plate (2) closely fit with the inner wall of the tunnel surrounding rock, the stabilizing components comprise a straight tube (1202), the straight tube (1202) is fixedly connected to the adjacent vertical parts of the metal plate (2), the part of the straight tube (1202) fixed to the adjacent vertical parts of the metal plate (2) is made of a soft material, the straight tube (1202) is provided with a through hole, the straight tube (1202) is fixedly connected to a plurality of support frames (1201), the support frames (1201) ) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the cylinder (1203), the cylinder (1203) being provided with two through holes, a first one-way valve (1204) being provided in one of the through holes of the cylinder (1203), the first one-way valve (1204) being connected to the cavity inside the adjacent straight pipe (1202) through a pipeline, a sealing piece (1205) being sealingly connected to the inner cavity of the cylinder (1203), a ball (1207) being pressed and matched with the sealing piece (1205) being placed in the inner cavity of the cylinder (1203), and a second one-way valve (1208) being provided in the other through hole of the cylinder (1203).

8. The stable tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The flow area of ​​the through hole on the straight tube (1202) is smaller than the sum of the flow areas of a plurality of adjacent first one-way valves (1204).

9. The stable tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to claim 7 is characterized by: The diameter of the sphere (1207) is smaller than the diameter of the inner cavity of the cylinder (1203).

10. The stable tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The blocking piece (1205) is made of elastic material and has a raised middle portion.

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