A method for rapidly restoring the reed population in degraded land through stolon domestication

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for rapidly restoring the reed population in degraded land through stolon domestication, belonging to the technical field of vegetation restoration. The method includes the following steps: at the beginning of the reed growth season in May - June every year, make the reeds creep by draining water and artificially pressing down the above - ground stems, and then promote the germination of internode buds or root buds of stolons by continuously controlling water; in mid - July, select suitable stolons containing internode buds or root buds, dig out the root segments from the base, wind the extending direction of the stolons into a circle and fix them, and spray water to keep moist; unfold the fixed stolons and transplant them into the degraded land, and then carry out daily water and fertilizer management. The present invention induces the stolons to rapidly produce bud seedlings and fibrous roots through a specific stolon domestication method, and then uses the stolons to establish and restore the reed population. With appropriate water and fertilizer management, the restoration of the reed population can be accelerated. Compared with the traditional reed restoration methods, this method has the advantages of high speed, low cost, and high survival rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetation restoration, and in particular relates to a method for rapidly restoring reed populations on degraded land through stolon domestication. Background Art

[0002] Desertification and salinization are among the most serious ecological challenges of land degradation. For example, over the past 50 years, the area of saline-alkali land in the western Songnen Plain has increased 1.73 times. Degradation of grasslands, wetlands, and farmland is one of the sources of this salinization. Desertification and salinization cause drought and salinity stress on vegetation, making it difficult for plants to establish and grow. Effectively managing degraded land is a critical issue that needs to be addressed.

[0003] Phragmites australis is a perennial rhizomatous grass with a wide ecological range, strong reproductive capacity, and high yield. It has strong adaptability to various habitats, and is found in marshes, hills, tidal flats, freshwater lakeshores, clay soils, sandy lands, saline-alkali lands, and valleys. It can adapt to water levels ranging from -1 to 1 meter and salinity levels of 0 to 20%, making it a dominant species in floodplains, estuaries, and coastal marshes. Phragmites australis has many significant economic and ecological benefits. It is used as a raw material for papermaking, matting, and building, provides bird habitat, and purifies water. Its rhizome is also used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, Phragmites australis is a frequently selected species for many degraded soil restoration projects.

[0004] Reed populations establish and expand in their natural habitats primarily through asexual reproduction via rhizomes. Occasionally, when the environment changes, they reproduce through aboveground runners, but their sexual reproduction capacity is relatively weak. Common methods for reed population restoration include tapping reed flowers, transplanting rhizomes, transplanting reed mounds, and pressing green reeds, which can be categorized as utilizing seeds, underground stems, and aboveground stems. Rhizome propagation has a relatively high survival rate, but both rhizome burial and reed mounds require disruption to the existing reed population structure, requiring high harvesting efforts and causing ecological damage. Seed propagation, however, suffers from very small seeds and low content, resulting in low germination rates, weak seedlings, poor environmental tolerance, and low survival rates for establishment. Reed shoot cuttings or pressing green reeds are easier to collect and sow than rhizomes and seeds, but also have low survival rates and slow establishment. All three propagation methods also have strict requirements for environmental water and salinity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to promote the greening of degraded land and solve the problems of high cost of rhizome transplantation, great ecological damage, low survival rate and slow establishment of seed and ground green reed reproduction in traditional reed restoration methods, the present invention proposes a method for rapidly restoring reed populations on degraded land through stolon domestication. This method is fast, has a high survival rate and low cost, and provides a basis for the management of desertified and salinized land and the restoration of swamps.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for rapidly restoring the reed population in degraded land through stolon domestication, comprising the following steps:

[0008] At the beginning of the reed growth season from May to June every year, make the reeds creep by draining water and manually pressing down the above-ground stems, and then promote the germination of internode buds or root buds of stolons by continuously controlling water;

[0009] In mid-July, select suitable stolons with internode buds or root buds, dig out the root segments from the base, wind the extending direction of the stolons into a circle and fix them;

[0010] Transplant the fixed stolons into the degraded land, and perform daily water and fertilizer management.

[0011] Further, the selected stolons need to meet the following conditions: the length of the stolons exceeds 4m, the germination rate of internode buds exceeds 70%, and the roots have not extended into the soil.

[0012] Further, when winding the extending direction of the stolons into a circle and fixing them, it is necessary to ensure that the internode buds or root buds are not broken.

[0013] Further, the specific steps of transplanting the stolons are as follows: prepare the land, dig trenches, unfold the fixed stolons, vertically insert one end of the rhizome into the soil in the trenches, then spread the stolons flat and lay them into the pre-prepared trenches, and cover with soil.

[0014] Further, the conditions for digging the trenches are: the depth of the trenches is 5 - 10cm, and the trench spacing is 0.5 - 1m.

[0015] Further, the spacing between stolons in each trench is 0.5 - 1m.

[0016] Further, the specific operation of the daily water and fertilizer management is as follows: after spreading the stolons flat, cover with soil and water, and the amount of water poured should be such that the water in the soil remains saturated within 1 - 2 weeks, then replenish water once every 1 week, and each time the amount of water replenished should reach saturation; selectively supplement potassium nitrate according to the establishment situation of the stolons 1 month after transplantation to promote the growth of stolons.

[0017] Further, the degraded land refers to saline-alkali land, sandy land, degraded swamp, degraded grassland or abandoned farmland.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0019] The present invention domesticates stolons through a specific domestication method, induces the rapid generation of sprout seedlings and fibrous roots on the nodes of the stolons, and then uses the domestication of stolons to carry out the establishment and restoration of reed populations. With the cooperation of water and fertilizer management, the restoration of reed populations can be accelerated. This method has the advantages of high speed, low cost and high survival rate.

[0020] The present invention uses stolons to replace the propagation and planting methods of reed seeds, rhizomes and above-ground upright stems. The method is simple and feasible, and the reed establishment rate is higher than the traditional method, which can greatly promote the ecological management of degraded land and the restoration of reed populations.

[0021] The method for rapidly restoring reed populations with reed stolons of the present invention can be used for various soil conditions. Detailed implementation manners

[0022] Now, various exemplary implementation manners of the present invention will be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and implementation manners of the present invention.

[0023] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each intermediate value within any stated value or stated range and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range are also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0025] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific implementation manners of the present invention specification, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other implementation manners obtained from the specification of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The specification and examples of the present invention are only exemplary.

[0026] Regarding the use of "comprising", "including", "having", "containing" and so on in this article, they are all open-ended terms, that is, they mean including but not limited to.

[0027] The present invention aims to solve the technical problems of low utilization rate of degraded land, difficult growth of plants, high cost of rhizome transplantation and large ecological damage in the traditional method of reed population restoration, low survival rate of direct seeding of seeds and slow establishment by transplantation, low survival rate of cutting of above-ground stems and slow establishment, etc. The technical solution includes the following steps: First, domesticate stolons to produce internodal buds or root buds; Second, cut and preserve stolons; Third, transplant stolons and manage water and fertilizer. In the present invention, reed stolons can be used in various soil conditions for rapid restoration of reed populations. The present invention is applied to the method for restoring reed populations on degraded land.

[0028] The stolon is a kind of metamorphosed stem of reed. Like the rhizome, it has the function of growing horizontally. The difference is that they grow on the ground surface and underground respectively. It is a morphological structure for reed to adapt to the environment, and its crawling speed is very fast, with an average crawling of 8 cm per day during the growth season and a total length of up to 10 m. However, there are not many stolons growing in the normal environment. Only when the water and salt are abnormal, upright stolons will grow upward from the ground. Therefore, the present invention domesticates stolons through a specific domestication method, and then uses the domestication of stolons to carry out the establishment and restoration of reed populations. This method has the advantages of fast speed, low cost and high survival rate.

[0029] Reed stolons usually occur in areas drained after flooding or arid areas. When there is a suitable hydrological condition near the stolons, the present invention induces the rapid generation of bud seedlings and fibrous roots on the nodes of the stolons. The present invention uses stolons to replace the reproduction and planting methods of reed seeds, rhizomes and above-ground upright stems. The method is simple and easy to implement, and the reed establishment rate is higher than the traditional method.

[0030] The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0031] 1) Domesticate stolons to produce internodal buds or root buds. Reed stolons mostly occur in areas with a certain slope drained after flooding or saline-alkali meadows. In the former, the length of reed stolons can exceed 10 m at most, with an average internode length of 18.3 cm, and the proportion of internodal buds generated accounts for more than 70% of the total number of nodes; in the latter, the reed stolons generally do not exceed 2 m, with an average internode length of 8.3 cm, and the proportion of internodal buds generated accounts for about 40% of the total number of nodes. The stolons of reed mainly occur at the beginning of June, and the stolon growth rate reaches the highest in mid-July. Select reed stolons in the drainage area of the lakeside or riverbank in mid-July. At this time, the number of internodal buds reaches the maximum, and the roots of the internodes just begin to germinate, and a small amount extends into the soil. Lock the material area required for transplanting reeds. At the beginning of the reed growth season in May-June, make the reeds crawl by draining water and manually pressing down the above-ground stems, and then promote the germination of internodal buds or root buds of the stolons by replenishing water;

[0032] 2) Stolons truncation and preservation. In early July, select stolons with the germination rate of internode buds or root buds exceeding 70%, length exceeding 4 m, and roots not extending into the soil. Dig out the root base segments from the base, wind the stolons in the extending direction into a circle and tie them with a small rope, spray some water and put them into a bag for standby. During this process, be careful to ensure that the internode buds do not break.

[0033] 3) Stolons transplantation and water and fertilizer management. Select plots of degraded land, use agricultural machinery to dig trenches with a depth of 5 - 10 cm and a trench spacing of 0.5 - 1 m. Unroll the taken stolons, vertically insert one end of the rhizome into the soil, then lay the stolons flat into the pre-prepared trenches and cover them with soil. The spacing between stolons in each trench is 0.5 - 1 m. Water after successful transplantation, with the amount of water poured being such that the water in the soil remains saturated for about one week, and then replenish water once every other week, with the amount of water replenished each time making the water in the soil reach saturation; one month after transplantation, selectively supplement potassium nitrate according to the stolon establishment situation to promote stolon growth.

[0034] The degraded land mentioned above refers to saline-alkali land, sandy land, degraded swamps, degraded grasslands or abandoned farmlands.

[0035] All raw materials used in the present invention are obtained by purchasing in the market.

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through examples.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A method for rapidly restoring the reed population in degraded land through stolon domestication, the specific steps are as follows:

[0039] 1) Domesticate stolons to produce internode buds or root buds: Take the severely degraded swamp area of Niuxintao Bao reed field as the test base. At the beginning of the reed growth season from May to June in 2020, make the reeds creep by draining water and artificially pressing down the above-ground stems, and then promote the germination of internode buds or root buds of stolons by continuously controlling water.

[0040] 2) Stolons truncation and preservation: In mid-July, select stolons with the germination rate of internode buds or root buds exceeding 70%, length exceeding 4 m, and roots not extending into the soil. Dig out the root base segments from the base, wind the stolons in the extending direction into a circle and tie them with a small rope, spray some water and put them into a bag for standby. During this process, be careful to ensure that the internode buds do not break.

[0041] 3) Stolonal transplantation and water and fertilizer management: Select a suitable plot (pH about 9.6) in the severely degraded marsh area, use agricultural machinery to dig trenches with a depth of 5 cm and a spacing of 0.5 m; unfold the stolons taken, insert one end of the rhizome vertically into the soil, then lay the stolons flat into the pre-prepared trenches, and then cover with soil. The spacing between stolons in each trench is 1 m; water after successful transplantation, and the amount of water should be such that the water in the soil remains saturated for about 1 week, and then replenish water every 1 week, and each replenishment amount should make the water in the soil reach saturation; after 1 month of transplantation, selectively supplement potassium nitrate according to the establishment situation of the stolons to promote the growth of stolons.

[0042] In this embodiment, 3 stolons are transplanted, and the specifications of the transplanted reed stolons are shown in Table 1. The monitoring results of the survival rate 1 month after stolon transplantation are shown in Table 2.

[0043] Table 1 Specifications of transplanted reed stolons

[0044]

[0045] Table 2 Monitoring of the survival rate after stolon transplantation

[0046] Serial number Number of transplanted bud seedlings Number of survived seedlings Survival rate (%) 1 45 40 88.89％ 2 25 22 88％ 3 20 20 100％

[0047] As can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2, by transplanting stolons to the severely degraded reed marshland in mid-July and after 1 month of water and fertilizer management, the survival rate exceeds 90%. After the reed growing season ends in October, the tillering of the transplanted seedlings increases by more than 1 time, and new rhizomes are formed.

[0048] This method effectively helps to restore the reed population in a 50-acre severely degraded area (pH>9) in the test area. Transplanted in mid-July 2020, the seedlings equivalent to 2 stolons per square meter, about 10 - 15 plants. By October, very few new tillers are formed, and most germinate into buds of underground rhizomes. Therefore, the population coverage is almost the coverage of the transplantation, less than 20%. The population coverage in October 2021 reaches about 50%.

[0049] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the technical field of the present application within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly restoring reed populations on degraded land by acclimating stolons, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: At the beginning of the reed growing season from May to June each year, the reeds are made to creep by draining water and manually pressing down the above-ground stems. Subsequently, continuous water control is used to promote the germination of internode buds or root buds on the creeping stems. In mid-July, select suitable runners with internode buds or root buds, dig out the root segments from the base, and wrap the runners in a circle and secure them in place. Transplant the fixed runners to degraded land and manage them with daily water and fertilizer; The selected runners must meet the following conditions: the runner length is more than 4m, the germination rate of internode buds is more than 70%, and the roots have not extended into the soil; When winding the runners into a circle and fixing them in the extension direction, make sure that the internode buds or root buds are not broken; The specific steps of the runner transplanting are: preparing the land, digging trenches, unfolding the fixed runners, inserting one end of the rhizome vertically into the soil in the trench, then spreading the runners flat and laying them in the pre-prepared trench, and covering them with soil; the trenching conditions are: the trench depth is 5-10 cm, the trench spacing is 0.5-1 m, and the runner spacing in each trench is 0.5-1 m; The specific operation of the daily water and fertilizer management is as follows: after laying the runners flat, cover the soil and water, the amount of watering is based on the water in the soil being saturated within 1-2 weeks, and then replenish water once every week, each time replenishing water until the water in the soil reaches saturation; one month after transplanting, selectively supplement potassium nitrate according to the establishment of the runners to promote the growth of the runners; The pH of the degraded land is 9.6; The degraded land refers to salinized land, desertified land, degraded swamps, degraded grassland or abandoned farmland.

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