A method for ecological compound planting and breeding of underforest medicine-poultry-grass

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for ecologically complex cultivation of medicinal plants, poultry, and grasses under forests, comprising the following steps: Step 1: forestland screening or construction; Step 2: site planning; Step 3: plant planting; Step 4: poultry breeding and management; Step 5: disease immunization and prevention; and Step 6: harmless disposal of feces and dead poultry. This method fully utilizes forestland resources, planting not only woody medicinal herbs and forage plants but also intercropping tuberous herbs and herbaceous forage grasses under the forest floor. This achieves a three-dimensional, multi-level utilization of land resources. Through this composite planting method, the output rate per unit area of land and resource utilization efficiency are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological poultry breeding, and in particular to a forest medicine-poultry-grass ecological composite breeding method. Background Art

[0002] Cage farming is a traditional poultry farming method that involves keeping poultry in metal cages. This model allows for high stocking densities, and the mesh design of the cage bottom allows manure to fall to the ground, facilitating semi-mechanized or mechanized cleaning. Furthermore, filling and watering can be automated, improving farming efficiency. However, cage farming also has some significant drawbacks.

[0003] First, cage farming is relatively expensive. The initial investment is substantial, as metal cages, along with the necessary mechanized equipment, are required for construction and maintenance. Furthermore, caged poultry have limited space and are unable to move freely, which not only impacts their welfare but can also lead to reduced meat quality and health.

[0004] Secondly, cage farming isn't an ideal option for large-scale poultry farming. As the scale of farming expands, the construction and management of cages become increasingly difficult. Furthermore, since poultry cannot forage and move freely in cages, they require more human feed and care, increasing farming costs.

[0005] In contrast, understory farming offers significant advantages. The land beneath the forest offers ample space, good ventilation, ample sunlight, and a rich biomass. The soil beneath the forest is also highly nutritious, and the fallen trees and bark left behind by felled trees form a natural humus layer, providing an excellent growth environment for poultry. Furthermore, the rational development of understory space can improve forest productivity, alleviate land use pressure, and increase the added value of the forestry industry.

[0006] However, existing forest farming methods also present some challenges. These include excessive stocking density, poor layout, and improper disposal of manure and dead birds. These issues damage local vegetation and create the risk of cross-contamination. They even pose potential risks to the sanitation and safety of poultry and eggs. Therefore, a more scientific and rational forest farming method is needed to overcome these shortcomings. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Based on the above background, the present invention proposes a forest medicine-poultry-grass ecological composite breeding method, which aims to make full use of forest space resources and improve the ecological and economic benefits of poultry farming.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a forest medicine-poultry-grass ecological composite cultivation method, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Forest Land Screening or Construction

[0011] 1.1 Forestland selection: The forestland for growing woody medicinal materials, woody fodder or ordinary forestland should be selected, with a stand density between 0.2-0.7, moderate altitude, slope less than 25° and not in prohibited breeding areas;

[0012] 1.2 Soil selection: Choose soil with a pH mostly acidic or slightly alkaline, and an organic matter content of 5g·kg -1 The soil above 50% has an alkaline nitrogen content of 120 mg kg -1 The above soils account for more than 60% of the site;

[0013] Step 2: Site Planning

[0014] 2.1 Brooding Poultry Shed

[0015] Build brooding sheds near forested areas, primarily using wood. Utilize fully automated equipment and systems to protect the breeding environment from pollution. The sheds must be airtight, well-insulated, and well-ventilated, equipped with heating equipment. If you are purchasing chicks directly, you do not need to build brooding sheds.

[0016] 2.2 Growing Poultry Sheds

[0017] Build a poultry shed in the woodland. The eaves on both sides of the shed are 1.5-2.0m high, the middle height of the shed is 2.0-2.5m, and the roof is covered with straw mats. The building area of the poultry shed is 8-10 birds / m 2 (Chicken) or 3-6 / m 2 (goose) calculation, each shed area is 100-120m 2 Dig drainage ditches around the sheds, with a depth of 20-30 cm and a width of 40-50 cm. Set up feeding and drinking facilities in the sheds, with one 30 cm diameter feed bucket for every 30 poultry and one 20 cm diameter drinker for every 50 poultry.

[0018] 2.3 Rounds of pastoral area division

[0019] Divide the area into zones, and separate each zone with a nickel-chromium mesh 80-100 cm high to prevent poultry from escaping. Each zone is 3-5 mu, and the stocking density is 0.1-0.2 birds / m 2 ;

[0020] Step 3: Planting

[0021] In rotational grazing areas, plant rhizome Chinese medicinal herbs such as Bletilla striata, Panax notoginseng, Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Belamcanda chinensis, Atractylodes macrocephala, Atractylodes lancea, and Scutellaria baicalensis between rows. Also plant herbaceous forage grasses such as Vetch, Lolium perenne, White Clover, Alfalfa, Chicory, Sophora flavescens, and Vetch. Cover with 3-4cm of soil after sowing and water thoroughly or sow before rain to facilitate seed germination. Establish ecological quarantine zones around the periphery of rotational grazing areas.

[0022] Step 4: Poultry breeding and management

[0023] The poultry are released every morning and kept in the rotational grazing area. They are brought back in at dusk and fed once in the morning and evening during the grazing period. There are 3-6 feeding areas, each of which is divided into 4 rotational grazing areas. Each grazing area is separated by fences. The rotational grazing cycle is 30-40 days, and the next grazing area is changed every 10-15 days. At the same time, the rotational grazing area that has just finished grazing is manually trimmed until grazing in all rotational grazing areas is completed, and grazing resumes in the same grazing order.

[0024] Step 5: Disease Immunity Prevention and Control

[0025] To prevent diseases during the transitional phase of poultry rearing, purchase and stockpile antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-stress medications in advance. Disinfect the inside and outside of pens and poultry activity areas twice a week. Increase the frequency of disinfection during disease outbreaks, and use quicklime for large-scale disinfection of contaminated pens.

[0026] Step 6: Harmless disposal of feces and dead poultry

[0027] 6.1 Manure treatment

[0028] Build rainproof, seepage-proof, and side-leakage-proof dry manure storage sheds to collect and store dry manure produced by poultry. During storage, pay attention to keeping the manure dry and well-ventilated to prevent fermentation from producing harmful gases and the growth of pathogens;

[0029] 6.2 Disposal of dead poultry

[0030] Construct a harmless treatment pool for dead poultry that is rainproof, seepage-proof, and leak-proof for centralized treatment of dead poultry;

[0031] 6.3 Records and Reports

[0032] Keep detailed records of the harmless disposal process of dead poultry, including information on disposal time, location, quantity and disposal method, and report the harmless disposal of dead poultry to relevant departments on a regular basis to ensure compliance with animal epidemic prevention and environmental protection requirements.

[0033] Furthermore, the forest land for woody medicinal materials includes planting forsythia, eucommia, magnolia, hawthorn, jujube, cornus, phellodendron, magnolia, sea buckthorn, yew, etc., and using their leaves or green jujube shells or jujube pulp, etc. as alternative antibiotics for raising poultry; the forest land for woody feed includes planting paper mulberry, fodder mulberry, sea buckthorn, eucommia, locust, emblica, caragana, etc., and using their leaves or tender stems as alternative antibiotics or protein feed for raising poultry; the ordinary forest land includes coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest, economic forest, and national reserve forest.

[0034] Furthermore, the rhizome Chinese medicinal materials include any one or more of Bletilla striata, Panax notoginseng, Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Belamcanda chinensis, Atractylodes macrocephala, Atractylodes lancea, and Scutellaria baicalensis planted in a mixed manner; the herbaceous forage includes any one or more of Vetch, Ryegrass, White Clover, Alfalfa, Chicory, Sophora flavescens, and Vetch.

[0035] Furthermore, a disinfection pool is built near the shed, which uses 2% caustic soda solution or phenolic and aldehyde disinfectants for immersion disinfection; the environment around the shed is sprayed or disinfected with quaternary ammonium salt compound disinfectants.

[0036] Furthermore, in step six, the stored feces are processed by composting and fermentation. During the composting process, the pile should be turned regularly and an appropriate amount of fermentation bacteria should be added to promote the decomposition of the feces and the conversion of organic matter. The fermented feces is applied to woodlands or grasslands as high-quality organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility and promote plant growth.

[0037] Furthermore, auxiliary materials are added to the feces for fermentation, wherein the auxiliary materials are a mixture of straw, sawdust and rice bran, and the fermentation bacteria are any one of Bacillus subtilis, extreme thermophilic bacteria, Geobacillus, white rot fungi and Trichoderma viride, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.

[0038] Furthermore, the poultry includes chickens and geese.

[0039] Based on the above technical solution, the embodiments of the present invention can produce at least the following technical effects:

[0040] (1) The present invention provides a forest medicine-poultry-grass ecological composite cultivation method. This model fully utilizes forest resources. Not only woody medicinal materials and fodder plants are planted, but also tuber-type herbs and herbaceous forage are intercropped under the forest, realizing the three-dimensional and multi-level utilization of land resources. Through this composite planting method, the output rate per unit area of land and resource utilization efficiency are improved; the cultivation of woody medicinal materials and fodder provides poultry with a rich source of natural antibiotic additives and protein feed, reducing dependence on exogenous feed. Poultry feces are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and can be used as organic fertilizer. After being applied to the forest, it promotes the growth of forest plants and forms a virtuous ecological cycle. This model helps to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, protect the ecological environment, and promote sustainable development. At the same time, grazing chickens like to eat insects, which is conducive to reducing the occurrence of forest diseases and insect pests. Chickens eat a large amount of high-quality forage, which not only has good meat quality, but also saves a lot of concentrated feed. According to calculations, the high-quality forage eaten by chickens can replace 30% of concentrated feed.

[0041] (2) The forest medicine-poultry-grass ecological composite breeding method provided by the present invention can better protect forest resources and promote the health and rapid growth of forests. The income of forest breeders has increased, which can improve the enthusiasm for afforestation and forest protection, and is of great significance to maintaining ecological security and enhancing the sustainable development capacity of forestry itself; the use of forest breeding to develop breeding has increased the utilization rate of land and forest land, saving land resources and forest resources for the country. At the same time, breeding under the forest reduces environmental pollution and the spread of pathogens. Through forest ecological breeding, it feeds back to the control of soil and water loss, promotes the coordinated development of soil and water conservation and breeding industry, and achieves a win-win situation of economic and ecological benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0043] 1. Implementation

[0044] Step 1: Forestland screening and experimental material preparation

[0045] Select forest land with woody medicinal materials, plant forsythia, eucommia, magnolia officinalis, hawthorn, and jujube, use their leaves or forsythia shells or jujube pulp as alternative antibiotic additives (substitute antibiotics) for raising chicks, plant rhizome Chinese medicinal materials (bletilla striata, panax notoginseng, astragalus, codonopsis pilosula, salvia miltiorrhiza, belamcanda chinensis, atractylodes, atractylodes, scutellaria baicalensis, etc.) between the rows, and intercrop herbal forage (wild pea, ryegrass, white clover, alfalfa, chicory, bitter melon, purple vetch, etc.), the above-ground parts of the herbs and forage are used to feed poultry to obtain medicinal and functional poultry meat and eggs.

[0046] A total of 120 40-day-old chicks were selected from the brooding poultry shed and randomly divided into two groups: the first group was a caged control group (CK group) fed with a basic diet, with 3 replicates and 20 chicks in each replicate; the first group was a woodland-raised group (T1 group) fed with woody medicine, with 3 replicates and 20 chicks in each replicate.

[0047] The basic feed refers to the broiler feeding standards in the "NY / T33 Chicken Feeding Standards", and the nutritional composition and level are shown in Table 1 below.

[0048] Table 1 Composition and nutritional level of basal diet

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Step 2: Site Planning

[0052] 2.1 Brooding Poultry Shed

[0053] Build brooding sheds near forested areas, primarily using wood. Utilize fully automated equipment and systems to protect the breeding environment from pollution. The sheds must be airtight, well-insulated, and well-ventilated, equipped with heating equipment. If you are purchasing chicks directly, you do not need to build brooding sheds.

[0054] 2.2 Growing Poultry Sheds

[0055] Build a poultry shed in the woodland. The eaves on both sides of the shed are 1.5-2.0m high, the middle height of the shed is 2.0-2.5m, and the roof is covered with straw mats. The building area of the poultry shed is 8 birds / m 2 (Chicken) Calculation, each shed area is 100-120m 2 Dig drainage ditches around the sheds, with a depth of 20-30 cm and a width of 40-50 cm. Set up feeding and drinking facilities in the sheds, with one 30 cm diameter feed bucket for every 30 poultry and one 20 cm diameter drinker for every 50 poultry.

[0056] 2.3 Rounds of pastoral area division

[0057] Divide the area into sections, and separate each section with a nickel-chromium mesh 80-100 cm high to prevent poultry from escaping. Each section is 3 mu, and the stocking density is 0.1-0.2 birds / m 2 ;

[0058] Step 3: Planting

[0059] In rotational grazing areas, rhizome Chinese medicinal herbs such as Bletilla striata, Panax notoginseng, Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Belamcanda chinensis, Atractylodes macrocephala, Atractylodes lancea, and Scutellaria baicalensis are planted between rows. Forage grasses such as Vetch, Lolium perenne, White Clover, Alfalfa, Chicory, Sophora flavescens, and Vetch are also planted at intervals. After sowing, cover with 3cm of soil and water thoroughly or sow before rain to facilitate seed germination. Ecological epidemic prevention belts are established around the periphery of rotational grazing areas.

[0060] Step 4: Poultry breeding and management

[0061] The poultry are released every morning and kept in the rotational grazing area. They are brought back in at dusk and fed once in the morning and evening during the grazing period. There are 3-6 feeding areas, each of which is divided into 4 rotational grazing areas. Each grazing area is separated by fences. The rotational grazing cycle is 30-40 days, and the next grazing area is changed every 10-15 days. At the same time, the rotational grazing area that has just finished grazing is manually trimmed until grazing in all rotational grazing areas is completed, and grazing resumes in the same grazing order.

[0062] Step 5: Disease Immunity Prevention and Control

[0063] To prevent diseases during the transitional phase of poultry rearing, purchase and stockpile antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-stress medications in advance. Disinfect the inside and outside of pens and poultry activity areas twice a week. Increase the frequency of disinfection during disease outbreaks, and use quicklime for large-scale disinfection of contaminated pens.

[0064] Step 6: Harmless disposal of feces and dead poultry

[0065] 6.1 Manure treatment

[0066] Build rainproof, seepage-proof, and side-leakage-proof dry manure storage sheds to collect and store dry manure produced by poultry. During storage, pay attention to keeping the manure dry and well-ventilated to prevent fermentation from producing harmful gases and the growth of pathogens;

[0067] 6.2 Disposal of dead poultry

[0068] Construct a harmless treatment pool for dead poultry that is rainproof, seepage-proof, and leak-proof for centralized treatment of dead poultry;

[0069] 6.3 Records and Reports

[0070] Keep detailed records of the harmless disposal process of dead poultry, including information on disposal time, location, quantity and disposal method, and report the harmless disposal of dead poultry to relevant departments on a regular basis to ensure compliance with animal epidemic prevention and environmental protection requirements.

[0071] 2. Results

[0072] After three months of feeding, 10 broilers were randomly selected from each group for subsequent slaughter experiments. The final body weight was measured before slaughter, and the broilers were bled out of the neck and then dissected. The body weight of the broilers was measured according to the "Terminology and Statistical Methods for Measurement of Poultry Production Performance" (NY / T823). As shown in Table 2, the body weight of the broilers in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. The average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed-to-meat ratio were calculated based on the final body weight. The relevant calculation methods are as follows:

[0073] Average daily weight gain: The body weight at the beginning of the trial period is taken as the starting weight, and the difference between the final weight and the starting weight divided by the number of trial days is the average daily weight gain.

[0074] Average daily feed intake: the ratio of the total amount of feed consumed by broilers during the experimental period to the number of experimental days.

[0075] Feed-to-meat ratio: feed conversion rate, the ratio of average daily feed intake to average daily weight gain.

[0076] Table 2 Effects of woody medicinal plants on the growth performance of broiler chickens

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for the ecological compound cultivation of medicine, poultry and grass under the forest, characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1: Forest Land Screening or Construction 1.1 Forestland selection: The forestland should be mainly used for growing woody medicinal materials, woody fodder or ordinary forestland, with a stand density between 0.2-0.7, moderate altitude, slope less than 25° and not in prohibited breeding areas; 1.2 Soil selection: Choose soil with a pH mostly acidic or slightly alkaline, and an organic matter content of 5 g·kg -1 The soil above 50% has an alkaline nitrogen content of 120 mg kg -1 The above soils account for more than 60% of the site; Step 2: Site Planning 2.1 Brooding Poultry Shed Build brooding poultry sheds near the woodland, mainly using wood as the main material, and use fully automated equipment and systems to ensure that the breeding environment is not polluted. The pens must be airtight, insulated, and ventilated, and equipped with heating equipment. If you purchase chicks directly, do not build brooding poultry sheds; 2.2 Growing poultry sheds Build poultry sheds in the woodland. The eaves on both sides of the shed are 1.5-2.0m high, the middle height is 2.0-2.5m, and the roof is covered with straw mats. Each shed has an area of 100-120 m 2 Dig drainage ditches around the sheds, with a depth of 20-30 cm and a width of 40-50 cm. Install feeding and drinking facilities in the sheds, with one 30 cm diameter feed bucket for every 30 poultry and one 20 cm diameter drinker for every 50 poultry. 2.3 Rounds of pastoral area division Divide the area into zones, and separate each zone with a nickel-chromium mesh 80-100 cm high to prevent poultry from escaping. Each zone is 3-5 mu, and the stocking density is 0.1-0.2 birds / m 2 ; Step 3: Planting In rotational grazing areas, plant rhizome Chinese medicinal herbs such as Bletilla striata, Panax notoginseng, Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Belamcanda chinensis, Atractylodes macrocephala, Atractylodes lancea, and Scutellaria baicalensis between rows. Also plant herbaceous forage grasses such as Vicia fructus, Lolium perenne, White Clover, Alfalfa, Chicory, Sophora flavescens, and Vetch. Cover with 3-4 cm of soil after sowing and water thoroughly or sow before rain to facilitate seed emergence. Establish ecological quarantine zones around the perimeter of rotational grazing areas. Step 4: Poultry breeding and management The poultry are released every morning and kept in the rotational grazing area. They are brought back in at dusk and fed once in the morning and evening during the grazing period. There are 3-6 feeding areas, each of which is divided into 4 rotational grazing areas. Each grazing area is separated by fences. The rotational grazing cycle is 30-40 days, and the next grazing area is changed every 10-15 days. At the same time, the rotational grazing area that has just finished grazing is manually trimmed until grazing in all rotational grazing areas is completed, and grazing resumes in the same grazing order. Step 5: Disease Immunity Prevention and Control To prevent diseases during the transitional phase of poultry rearing, purchase and stockpile antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-stress medications in advance. Disinfect the inside and outside of pens and poultry activity areas twice a week. Increase the frequency of disinfection during disease outbreaks, and use quicklime for large-scale disinfection of contaminated pens. Step 6: Harmless disposal of feces and dead poultry 6.1 Manure treatment Build rainproof, seepage-proof, and side-leakage-proof dry manure storage sheds to collect and store dry manure produced by poultry. During storage, pay attention to keeping the manure dry and well-ventilated to prevent fermentation from producing harmful gases and the growth of pathogens; 6.2 Disposal of dead poultry Construct a harmless treatment pool for dead poultry that is rainproof, seepage-proof, and leak-proof for centralized treatment of dead poultry; 6.3 Records and Reports Keep detailed records of the harmless disposal process of dead poultry, including information on disposal time, location, quantity and disposal method, and report the harmless disposal of dead poultry to relevant departments on a regular basis to ensure compliance with animal epidemic prevention and environmental protection requirements.

2. The forest medicine-poultry-grass ecological composite cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The woody medicinal materials planted in the forest include forsythia, eucommia, magnolia, hawthorn, jujube, cornus, phellodendron, magnolia, sea buckthorn, and yew, and their leaves or forsythia shells or jujube pulp are used as alternative antibiotics for raising poultry; the woody feed plants planted in the forest include mulberry, fodder mulberry, sea buckthorn, eucommia, locust, emblica, and caragana, and their leaves or tender stems are used as alternative antibiotics or protein feed for raising poultry; the ordinary forest land includes coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest, and economic forest.

3. The forest medicine-poultry-grass ecological composite breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rhizome Chinese medicinal materials include any one or more of Bletilla striata, Panax notoginseng, Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Belamcanda chinensis, Atractylodes macrocephala, Atractylodes lancea, and Scutellaria baicalensis for mixed planting; the herbaceous forage includes any one or more of Vetch, Rye grass, White Clover, Alfalfa, Chicory, Sophora flavescens, and Vetch for mixed planting.

4. The forest medicine-poultry-grass ecological composite cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A disinfection pool is also built near the shed, which uses 2% caustic soda solution or phenol and aldehyde disinfectants for immersion disinfection; the environment around the shed is sprayed or disinfected with quaternary ammonium salt compound disinfectants.

5. The forest medicine-poultry-grass ecological composite breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step six, the stored feces are processed by composting and fermentation. During the composting process, the pile should be turned regularly and an appropriate amount of fermentation bacteria should be added to promote the decomposition of the feces and the conversion of organic matter. The fermented feces can be applied to woodlands or grasslands as high-quality organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility and promote plant growth.

6. The forest medicine-poultry-grass ecological composite cultivation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Auxiliary materials are added to feces for fermentation, wherein the auxiliary materials are a mixture of straw, sawdust and rice bran, and the fermentation bacteria are any one of Bacillus subtilis, extreme thermophilic bacteria, Geobacillus, white rot fungi and Trichoderma viride, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.

7. The forest medicine-poultry-grass ecological composite cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The poultry include chickens, ducks and geese.

8. The forest medicine-poultry-grass ecological composite cultivation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The building area of the poultry house is 8-10 birds / m 2 Chickens or 3-6 / m 2 Goose calculations.

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