Experimental methods, apparatus, and life assessment methods for corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials.

Abstract

This invention provides an experimental method, apparatus, and life assessment method for the corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials. By adding a specific ratio of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia mixture to soil leachate, the corrosion process of copper-clad steel materials is accelerated, simulating corrosion in near-realistic environments. This ensures the consistency of corrosion products generated under experimental conditions with those in the natural environment, improving the accuracy and efficiency of simulating the corrosion behavior of copper-clad steel grounding materials in the laboratory, and rapidly obtaining accurate corrosion data, providing a scientific basis for the design, selection, and maintenance of grounding materials. The experimental method for the corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials accelerates corrosion by adding a mixture of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia to soil leachate, and includes the following steps: Step 1, preparation of experimental materials; Step 2, configuration of the gas mixing system; Step 3, corrosion experiment process; Step 4, analysis of corrosion products; Step 5, data recording and analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of corrosion protection technology for metallic materials, specifically to experimental methods for corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials. Background Technology

[0002] Copper-clad steel grounding materials, possessing both the excellent conductivity of copper and the high mechanical strength of steel, have been widely used in power grid grounding systems. The primary function of a power grid grounding system is to provide a low-impedance path to safely conduct fault currents underground, thereby protecting equipment and personnel. However, copper-clad steel materials, buried underground for extended periods, face the threat of corrosion from complex soil environments. Various corrosive factors in the soil environment, such as pH, humidity, oxygen content, and microbial activity, significantly influence the corrosion rate of the material. Corrosion problems are particularly severe in acidic, high-humidity, and oxygen-rich environments.

[0003] To assess the durability of grounding materials in different soil environments, traditional corrosion testing methods typically rely on long-term natural corrosion experiments. These experiments require exposing the material to the natural environment for months or even years to obtain reliable corrosion data. This method is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also often fails to meet the needs of rapid assessment in practical applications. Therefore, the fields of materials science and power system maintenance have an urgent need for experimental methods that can accelerate the corrosion process in order to obtain representative corrosion data in a shorter time.

[0004] Currently, methods used in laboratories to accelerate corrosion mainly include increasing temperature and electrochemical acceleration. While these methods can shorten experimental time to some extent, they also have some significant limitations. First, although increasing temperature can lead to noticeable corrosion in a shorter time, the increased temperature alters the corrosion mechanism, resulting in corrosion products that often differ from those in the actual environment, thus casting doubt on the representativeness and applicability of the experimental results. Second, while electrochemical acceleration can precisely control the current and voltage during the corrosion process, its overly idealized experimental conditions make it difficult to realistically reproduce corrosion behavior in natural environments.

[0005] Furthermore, existing accelerated corrosion experiments typically focus only on increasing the corrosion rate, neglecting the formation and evolution of corrosion products. For copper-clad steel materials, the corrosion product film formed on the surface can provide some protection and slow down subsequent corrosion processes. However, if the corrosion products generated in the accelerated corrosion experiment are inconsistent with those in the natural environment, the experimental results will not accurately reflect the actual durability of the material, which is a major drawback of existing accelerated corrosion methods.

[0006] Therefore, corrosion simulation that closely resembles the actual environment, ensuring the consistency of corrosion products generated under experimental conditions with those in the natural environment, is essential to providing a scientific basis for the design, selection, and maintenance of grounding materials. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention aims to address the technical deficiencies of existing technologies by providing experimental methods, apparatus, and life assessment methods for the corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials. By adding a specific ratio of a mixture of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia to soil leachate, the corrosion process of copper-clad steel materials is accelerated, simulating corrosion in near-realistic environments. This ensures the consistency of corrosion products generated under experimental conditions with those in the natural environment, improving the accuracy and efficiency of simulating the corrosion behavior of copper-clad steel grounding materials in the laboratory, and rapidly obtaining accurate corrosion data, thus providing a scientific basis for the design, selection, and maintenance of grounding materials.

[0008] This invention provides the following technical solution: an experimental method for the corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials, which accelerates corrosion by adding a mixture of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia to soil leachate, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1, Preparation of experimental materials;

[0010] Select copper-clad steel grounding material samples with consistent specifications. Before the experiment, polish the surface of the samples to remove oxides and dirt and ensure a smooth surface.

[0011] To prepare soil leachate, select soil samples from the target corrosive environment, add a certain proportion of deionized water, mix and stir evenly, and filter out the soil leachate through a filtration device, retaining the dissolved substances and corrosive components.

[0012] Step 2, configuration of the gas mixing system;

[0013] The ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide is set according to the requirements of the target corrosion products;

[0014] Adjust the ammonia ratio according to the soil's pH level;

[0015] A mass flow controller is used to precisely control the gas flow rate, ensuring that the gas is mixed uniformly and continuously fed into the corrosion test system;

[0016] Step 3, corrosion experiment process;

[0017] Immerse the copper-clad steel grounding material sample in soil leachate, start the gas mixing system, and begin to introduce the set proportions of oxygen, carbon dioxide and ammonia. Set the experimental temperature and experimental time according to the required acceleration factor.

[0018] Step 4, analysis of corrosion products;

[0019] Surface morphology observation; After the experiment, the copper-clad steel grounding material sample was taken out of the soil leachate, rinsed with deionized water and dried. The morphology of the corrosion products on the sample surface was observed using a scanning electron microscope, and the composition of the corrosion products was analyzed using an electron spectrometer. The composition of the corrosion products was compared with that of the sample under natural conditions.

[0020] Electrochemical performance testing; the protective effect and conductivity changes of the corrosion layer were evaluated by testing the corroded copper-clad steel grounding material samples using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

[0021] Step 5, Data Recording and Analysis;

[0022] Corrosion rate calculation: Based on the mass loss of the sample and the thickness of the corrosion products, the corrosion rate is calculated and compared with the data under natural corrosion conditions to obtain the acceleration ratio of the accelerated experiment.

[0023] in

[0024] Corrosion mechanism analysis: Combining the results of surface morphology and electrochemical performance tests, the corrosion mechanism under different soil conditions was analyzed.

[0025] Preferably, in step 2, the proportion of ammonia is used to control the acceleration factor of the corrosion rate. The concentration of ammonia is adjusted according to the soil pH and the desired acceleration ratio. The lower the pH, the closer the ammonia concentration is to the lower limit.

[0026] (1) In acidic soil environments, the ammonia concentration should be controlled within the range of 0.2 vol.% to 1 vol.%.

[0027] (2) In a neutral soil environment, the ammonia concentration should be controlled within the range of 1 vol.% to 1.2 vol.%.

[0028] (3) In alkaline soil environment, the ammonia concentration is controlled in the range of 1.2 vol.% to 2 vol.%.

[0029] Preferably, in step 2, the ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide is used to control the formation of the corrosion product film, making it consistent with the corrosion products in the natural environment. The ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide is controlled between 2:1 and 1:2, and is adjusted according to the type of target corrosion product and experimental requirements to ensure that the chemical composition and structure of the corrosion product film are consistent with the products formed under natural corrosion conditions.

[0030] Preferably, the mixing ratio of soil sample and deionized water in step 1 is 1:5.

[0031] Preferably, the experimental time in step 3 is set according to the target acceleration factor, which is 10 to 100 times the natural corrosion time. The target acceleration factor is determined by the ammonia concentration.

[0032] (1) Short experimental time requires a high acceleration factor, which is suitable for scenarios that require rapid assessment of corrosion tendency;

[0033] (2) If the experiment takes a long time, a lower acceleration factor is required, which is suitable for accurately simulating long-term corrosion processes.

[0034] Preferably, the copper-clad steel grounding material sample size in step 1 is 100mm×10mm×2mm.

[0035] The experimental setup for the corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials includes:

[0036] (1) A gas mixing system for precisely controlling the mixing ratio of oxygen, carbon dioxide and ammonia;

[0037] (2) Corrosion test system, including temperature and humidity control system, to simulate different climatic conditions in the natural environment;

[0038] (3) Monitoring system, used to record temperature, gas concentration and corrosion potential in real time during the corrosion process.

[0039] Preferably, the gas mixing ratio, flow rate, and experimental time are automatically adjusted according to the corrosion characteristics of different soil types.

[0040] A method for assessing the corrosion life of copper-clad steel grounding materials is proposed. This method involves analyzing experimental results, establishing a corrosion rate model, predicting the corrosion life of the material in real-world environments, and developing corresponding maintenance strategies based on different environmental conditions.

[0041] Preferably, the corrosion rate model is established based on multivariate regression analysis, combining factors such as soil type, gas ratio, temperature and humidity to predict the long-term corrosion behavior of copper-clad steel materials.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0043] In the above technical solutions, the present invention discloses an experimental method for corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials, and proposes an innovative experimental method for accelerated corrosion. By adding a mixture of oxygen, carbon dioxide and ammonia in a specific proportion to the soil leachate, the corrosion process of copper-clad steel materials is accelerated. Unlike traditional methods, this method not only focuses on accelerating the corrosion rate, but also ensures the consistency of the corrosion products generated under experimental conditions with the natural environment by precisely controlling the gas ratio. The addition of ammonia is mainly used to accelerate the corrosion rate, while the ratio of oxygen and carbon dioxide is used to control the composition and structure of the corrosion product film, so as to achieve a corrosion simulation that is closer to the actual environment.

[0044] The core advantage of this method lies in its flexibility and controllability. By adjusting the gas mixing ratio, experiments can be designed for different types of soil (such as acidic, neutral, and alkaline). For example, in acidic soil, since the corrosion rate is already fast, the concentration of ammonia can be appropriately reduced to prevent excessive acceleration of corrosion. In alkaline soil, the concentration of ammonia can be increased to achieve the desired acceleration effect. In addition, changes in the ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide can effectively simulate the formation process of corrosion products in the natural environment, ensuring the reliability and practical applicability of the experimental results.

[0045] This method can significantly shorten the experimental time and quickly obtain accurate corrosion data, providing a scientific basis for the design, selection, and maintenance of grounding materials. At the same time, this method can also be used for the development and testing of new materials, accelerating the research and development process of new anti-corrosion materials. Therefore, this invention has broad application prospects and important technical value in the field of durability assessment of power system grounding materials. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 To accelerate the study of the surface morphology of the samples and the samples directly buried in soil after corrosion;

[0047] Figure 2 The surface morphology of accelerated samples and directly buried samples with different O2:CO2 ratios after corrosion. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] like Figures 1-2 As shown, it illustrates a specific embodiment of the present invention:

[0050] Example 1: Accelerated Corrosion Experiment of Copper-Clad Steel Grounding Material in Acidic Soil Environment

[0051] 1. Preparation of experimental materials

[0052] Copper-clad steel sample: Select a copper-clad steel grounding material sample with consistent specifications, measuring 30mm × 30mm × 1mm. Before the experiment, the sample should be surface-polished to remove oxides and dirt, ensuring a smooth surface, and its initial weight should be accurately measured using a 0.01% electronic balance.

[0053] Soil leachate preparation: Take 1 kg of acidic red soil with a pH value of approximately 6. Add the soil to deionized water at a ratio of 1:5, mix thoroughly, filter, and collect the leachate for corrosion experiments.

[0054] 2. Configuration of the gas mixing system

[0055] Gas composition and proportions: A mixture of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia was used in the experiment. The ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide was set at 2:1 based on the requirements of the target corrosion products; the ammonia proportion was adjusted according to the soil's pH, and the ammonia concentration was set at 0.5%.

[0056] Gas flow rate control: A mass flow controller is used to precisely control the gas flow rate, ensuring uniform gas mixing and continuous flow into the corrosion experimental system. The flow rate is generally controlled at 50-100 mL / min to ensure that the formation of corrosion products conforms to the natural conditions.

[0057] 3. Corrosion Experiment Procedure

[0058] Sample immersion and gas introduction: Immerse the copper-clad steel sample in the soil leachate, start the gas mixing system, and begin introducing the set proportions of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. Maintain the experimental temperature at room temperature (25°C) or adjust the temperature as needed. The corrosion time is 20 days. For comparison, another copper sample is simultaneously buried directly in the soil for 20 days.

[0059] 4. Comparison of Experimental Results

[0060] The morphology of corrosion products on the sample surface was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This accelerated the observation of the surface morphology of both the sample and the directly buried sample after corrosion. Figure 1 As shown, the surface corrosion products have similar colors, but the accelerated sample has a significantly higher coverage of the corrosion film and a more complete film, indicating a greater degree of corrosion.

[0061] The composition of corrosion products was analyzed using energy-dispersive electron spectroscopy (EDS). The composition of the corrosion product film was tested, and the results are shown in Table 1. The chemical composition (at.%) of the corrosion products on the surfaces of the accelerated corrosion sample and the directly buried soil sample is as follows: It can be seen that the composition of the corrosion product film on the surfaces of the two samples is quite similar. Based on the atomic ratios of each element, it is inferred that the corrosion products are mainly Cu₂O, with a possible small amount of basic copper carbonate.

[0062] Table 1:

[0063] Accelerated Samples Buried specimens C 4.7 2.9 O 33.8 36.2 Cu 61.5 60.9

[0064] After removing the surface corrosion product film by acid washing, the sample weight was measured using a 0.01 g / cm³ electronic balance, and the corrosion weight loss rate was calculated. The results showed that the corrosion weight loss rate of the directly buried sample was approximately 0.27 mg / cm³. 2 The accelerated corrosion weight loss rate of the experimental sample was approximately 5.16 mg / cm³. 2 The acceleration factor is close to 20x.

[0065] Example 2: Effect of gas ratio on corrosion products

[0066] 1. Corrosion Experiment Design

[0067] Sample and leachate preparation: Select copper-clad steel samples and prepare standard neutral soil leachate.

[0068] Gas ratio variation: Corrosion experiments were conducted with different ratios of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. For example, the ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide was set to 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2, and the ammonia concentration was fixed at 1.2 vol.%.

[0069] 2. Corrosion Experiment Procedure

[0070] Experimental procedure: The sample was immersed in neutral soil leachate, and a gas mixture of a predetermined ratio was introduced. The experiment was conducted for 20 days. For comparison, another sample was directly buried in soil for 20 days.

[0071] 3. Analysis of Experimental Results

[0072] The surface morphology of accelerated corrosion samples and directly buried soil samples with different O2:CO2 ratios after corrosion is shown in the figure. Figure 2 As shown, in neutral soil, the natural corrosion rate of copper is low, with only relatively localized and slight corrosion occurring on the surface. The corrosion products exhibit a localized grayish-green color compared to acidic soil conditions, indicating a possible change in the type of corrosion products. Furthermore, the color of the surface film also differs significantly under different O2:CO2 ratios; the higher the Co2 content, the more pronounced the grayish-green color of the film. This indicates that the gas ratio affects the composition of the corrosion products.

[0073] The composition of corrosion products was analyzed using electron spectrometry. The results are shown in Table 2, which presents the chemical composition (at.%) of corrosion products on the surfaces of accelerated samples and soil-buried samples with different O2:CO2 ratios. It can be seen that the composition of the corrosion product film on the surface of the sample with an O2:CO2 ratio of 1:2 is quite similar to that of the soil-buried sample. Based on the atomic ratios of each element, it is inferred that the corrosion products are a mixture mainly composed of Cu2O and Cu2(OH)2CO3.

[0074] Table 2

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] After removing the surface corrosion product film by acid pickling, the sample weight was measured using a 0.01 g / cm³ electronic balance, and the corrosion weight loss rate was calculated. The results showed that the corrosion weight loss rate of the directly buried sample was approximately 0.10 mg / cm³. 2 The accelerated corrosion weight loss rate of the experimental sample was approximately 5.38 mg / cm³. 2 The acceleration factor is approximately 50x.

[0078] In summary, this invention achieves precise and accelerated simulation of the corrosion process of copper-clad steel materials by flexibly adjusting the gas ratio. It is applicable to the study of corrosion behavior under different soil conditions and provides a scientific basis for material selection and the formulation of protection strategies.

[0079] The experimental method for corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials disclosed in this invention accelerates corrosion by adding a mixture of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia to soil leachate, and includes the following steps:

[0080] Step 1, Preparation of experimental materials;

[0081] Select copper-clad steel grounding material samples with consistent specifications. Before the experiment, polish the surface of the samples to remove oxides and dirt and ensure a smooth surface.

[0082] To prepare soil leachate, select soil samples from the target corrosive environment, add a certain proportion of deionized water, mix and stir evenly, and filter out the soil leachate through a filtration device, retaining the dissolved substances and corrosive components.

[0083] Step 2, configuration of the gas mixing system;

[0084] The ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide is set according to the requirements of the target corrosion products;

[0085] Adjust the ammonia ratio according to the soil's pH level;

[0086] A mass flow controller is used to precisely control the gas flow rate, ensuring that the gas is mixed uniformly and continuously fed into the corrosion test system;

[0087] Step 3, corrosion experiment process;

[0088] Immerse the copper-clad steel grounding material sample in soil leachate, start the gas mixing system, and begin to introduce the set proportions of oxygen, carbon dioxide and ammonia. Set the experimental temperature and experimental time according to the required acceleration factor.

[0089] Step 4, analysis of corrosion products;

[0090] Surface morphology observation; After the experiment, the copper-clad steel grounding material sample was taken out of the soil leachate, rinsed with deionized water and dried. The morphology of the corrosion products on the sample surface was observed using a scanning electron microscope, and the composition of the corrosion products was analyzed using an electron spectrometer. The composition of the corrosion products was compared with that of the sample under natural conditions.

[0091] Electrochemical performance testing; the protective effect and conductivity changes of the corrosion layer were evaluated by testing the corroded copper-clad steel grounding material samples using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

[0092] Step 5, Data Recording and Analysis;

[0093] Corrosion rate calculation: Based on the mass loss of the sample and the thickness of the corrosion products, the corrosion rate is calculated and compared with the data under natural corrosion conditions to obtain the acceleration ratio of the accelerated experiment.

[0094] in

[0095] Corrosion mechanism analysis: Combining the results of surface morphology and electrochemical performance tests, the corrosion mechanism under different soil conditions was analyzed.

[0096] This invention significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of simulating the corrosion behavior of copper-clad steel grounding materials in the laboratory through an innovative accelerated corrosion testing method. Specific technical effects are as follows:

[0097] 1. Accelerate precise control of the corrosion process:

[0098] This invention effectively accelerates the corrosion process of copper-clad steel materials by adjusting the mixing ratio of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. Unlike traditional accelerated corrosion methods, this method not only significantly shortens the experimental time but also allows for flexible adjustment of the corrosion rate according to experimental needs, providing multiple acceleration options to meet research requirements under different experimental conditions.

[0099] 2. Formation of corrosion products consistent with the natural environment:

[0100] By precisely controlling the gas mixing ratio, it is ensured that the corrosion products generated under experimental conditions are consistent with the composition and structure of corrosion products in the actual natural environment. This consistency makes the experimental results more reliable and helps to more accurately predict the durability of copper-clad steel materials in practical applications.

[0101] 3. Adaptable to various soil environments:

[0102] This invention allows for experimental design based on different soil types (e.g., acidic, neutral, alkaline), adjusting the proportions of gas mixtures to simulate corrosion behavior in various soil environments. This flexibility makes it applicable to corrosion studies under a wide range of soil conditions and enables the acquisition of representative corrosion data in a short time.

[0103] 4. Improve experimental efficiency and reduce costs:

[0104] Traditional natural corrosion experiments are often time-consuming and costly, while this invention significantly improves experimental efficiency by drastically reducing experimental time. Researchers can obtain the necessary corrosion data in a short time, reducing the use of laboratory resources and experimental costs.

[0105] 5. High applicability of data results:

[0106] Because the corrosion products generated by this method are highly consistent with the corrosion behavior in actual environments, the experimental results have high applicability. The data can be directly used to guide the design and maintenance strategies of grounding materials, optimize material selection, and provide a reliable reference for practical engineering applications.

[0107] 6. Promote the research and development of new materials:

[0108] This invention provides a platform for rapid evaluation and testing of novel anti-corrosion materials. This accelerated corrosion method allows for the rapid screening of new materials with excellent corrosion resistance, accelerating the research and development process and thus meeting the power system's demand for high-performance grounding materials.

[0109] In summary, this invention not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of laboratory corrosion experiments, but also provides a more reliable corrosion assessment method for practical engineering applications, which has significant technical value and broad application prospects.

[0110] Preferably, in step 2, the proportion of ammonia is used to control the acceleration factor of the corrosion rate. The concentration of ammonia is adjusted according to the soil pH and the desired acceleration ratio. The lower the pH, the closer the ammonia concentration is to the lower limit.

[0111] (1) In acidic soil environments, the ammonia concentration should be controlled within the range of 0.2 vol.% to 1 vol.%.

[0112] (2) In a neutral soil environment, the ammonia concentration should be controlled within the range of 1 vol.% to 1.2 vol.%.

[0113] (3) In alkaline soil environment, the ammonia concentration is controlled in the range of 1.2 vol.% to 2 vol.%.

[0114] Preferably, in step 2, the ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide is used to control the formation of the corrosion product film, making it consistent with the corrosion products in the natural environment. The ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide is controlled between 2:1 and 1:2, and is adjusted according to the type of target corrosion product and experimental requirements to ensure that the chemical composition and structure of the corrosion product film are consistent with the products formed under natural corrosion conditions.

[0115] Preferably, the mixing ratio of soil sample and deionized water in step 1 is 1:5.

[0116] Preferably, the experimental time in step 3 is set according to the target acceleration factor, which is 10 to 100 times the natural corrosion time. The target acceleration factor is determined by the ammonia concentration.

[0117] (1) Short experimental time requires a high acceleration factor, which is suitable for scenarios that require rapid assessment of corrosion tendency;

[0118] (2) If the experiment takes a long time, a lower acceleration factor is required, which is suitable for accurately simulating long-term corrosion processes.

[0119] Preferably, the copper-clad steel grounding material sample size in step 1 is 100mm×10mm×2mm.

[0120] The experimental setup for the corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials includes:

[0121] (1) A gas mixing system for precisely controlling the mixing ratio of oxygen, carbon dioxide and ammonia;

[0122] (2) Corrosion test system, including temperature and humidity control system, to simulate different climatic conditions in the natural environment;

[0123] (3) Monitoring system, used to record temperature, gas concentration and corrosion potential in real time during the corrosion process.

[0124] The experimental setup for corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials is a device that simulates various corrosion conditions that copper-clad steel grounding materials may encounter in real-world environments, including:

[0125] 1. Gas mixing system

[0126] The main function of a gas mixing system is to precisely control and mix gases such as oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ammonia (NH3) to simulate corrosion conditions in different atmospheric environments. The proportions of these gases have a significant impact on the corrosion rate and mechanism of materials.

[0127] Components:

[0128] Gas source: Provides pure oxygen, carbon dioxide and ammonia.

[0129] Gas flow meter: accurately measures the flow rate of each gas to ensure accurate mixing ratio.

[0130] Mixing chamber: Used to uniformly mix gases that are mixed in a specific ratio.

[0131] Control system: The gas flow rate and mixing ratio are controlled by programming to achieve automated operation.

[0132] Working principle:

[0133] By setting parameters in the control system, such as gas flow rate and mixing ratio, the gas flow meter adjusts the flow rate of each gas according to preset values, and then sends these gases into the mixing chamber for uniform mixing. The mixed gas is then transported to the corrosion testing system through pipelines.

[0134] 2. Corrosion testing system

[0135] Function Description:

[0136] The corrosion testing system includes a temperature and humidity control system to simulate different climatic conditions in the natural environment, such as high temperature, high humidity, low temperature, and low humidity, in order to study the effects of these conditions on the corrosion behavior of copper-clad steel grounding materials.

[0137] Components:

[0138] Experimental chamber: A sealed chamber used to contain the copper-clad steel sample to be tested and the mixed gas.

[0139] Temperature and humidity control system: including heating / cooling devices and humidification / dehumidification devices, used to regulate the temperature and humidity inside the experimental chamber.

[0140] Sample holder: Used to fix copper-clad steel samples and ensure that the samples are in a stable state during the experiment.

[0141] Porous plates: used to simulate corrosive conditions in soil or humid environments.

[0142] Working principle:

[0143] The copper-clad steel sample was fixed on a sample holder and placed inside the experimental chamber. The temperature and humidity inside the chamber were adjusted to preset values ​​using a temperature and humidity control system to simulate different climatic conditions. Simultaneously, a mixed gas was introduced into the experimental chamber through a gas mixing system to simulate corrosion conditions in the atmospheric environment. During the experiment, a monitoring system recorded parameters such as temperature, gas concentration, and corrosion potential in real time.

[0144] 3. Monitoring System

[0145] The monitoring system is used to record key parameters in the corrosion process in real time, such as temperature, gas concentration, and corrosion potential, in order to analyze the corrosion mechanism and assess the degree of corrosion.

[0146] Components:

[0147] Temperature sensor: measures the temperature inside the experimental chamber.

[0148] Humidity sensor: measures the humidity inside the experimental chamber.

[0149] Gas concentration sensor: measures the concentration of mixed gas inside the experimental chamber.

[0150] Corrosion potential measuring device: used to measure the potential change of copper-clad steel samples during the corrosion process.

[0151] Data acquisition and processing system: collects sensor data and processes and analyzes it.

[0152] Working principle:

[0153] During the corrosion experiment, various sensors measured and recorded parameters such as temperature, humidity, gas concentration, and corrosion potential within the experimental chamber in real time. The data acquisition and processing system processed and analyzed the collected data to generate reports for researchers to assess the degree and mechanism of corrosion.

[0154] In summary, this experimental setup provides a near-real-world experimental environment for the corrosion study of copper-clad steel grounding materials by precisely controlling the gas mixing ratio, simulating different climatic conditions in the natural environment, and recording key parameters in real time during the corrosion process.

[0155] Preferably, the gas mixing ratio, flow rate, and experimental time are automatically adjusted according to the corrosion characteristics of different soil types.

[0156] A method for assessing the corrosion life of copper-clad steel grounding materials is proposed. This method involves analyzing experimental results, establishing a corrosion rate model, predicting the corrosion life of the material in real-world environments, and developing corresponding maintenance strategies based on different environmental conditions.

[0157] Preferably, the corrosion rate model is established based on multivariate regression analysis, combining factors such as soil type, gas ratio, temperature and humidity to predict the long-term corrosion behavior of copper-clad steel materials.

[0158] The life assessment of corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials is a comprehensive process that relies on accurate experimental data, scientific model establishment, and reasonable consideration of environmental factors.

[0159] 1. Experimental Design and Data Collection

[0160] First, the experimental method for corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials in this invention uses a gas mixing system to precisely control the gas ratio, a corrosion experimental system to simulate the natural environment, and a monitoring system to record key parameters in real time during the corrosion process.

[0161] 2. Data Analysis and Corrosion Rate Model Establishment

[0162] The collected experimental data need to be systematically analyzed to reveal the impact of different environmental factors on the corrosion rate of copper-clad steel. Multivariate regression analysis is a powerful tool here, allowing researchers to simultaneously consider the influence of multiple independent variables (such as soil type, gas ratio, temperature, and humidity) on the dependent variable (corrosion rate).

[0163] Multivariate regression analysis includes:

[0164] Data preprocessing: Cleaning the data, removing outliers, and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the data.

[0165] Variable selection: Based on theoretical analysis and preliminary data exploration, variables that have a significant impact on corrosion rate were selected.

[0166] Model Construction: Using multivariate regression analysis, a mathematical relationship between the corrosion rate and the selected variables is established. This model should be able to fit the experimental data well and have a certain predictive ability.

[0167] Model validation: The accuracy and stability of the model are evaluated through methods such as cross-validation and residual analysis.

[0168] 3. Corrosion life prediction

[0169] Once a reliable corrosion rate model is established, it can be used to predict the corrosion life of copper-clad steel grounding materials in real-world environments. This typically involves substituting actual environmental conditions (such as soil type, gas concentration, temperature, and humidity) into the model, calculating the corresponding corrosion rate, and further extrapolating the material's corrosion life.

[0170] 4. Develop a maintenance strategy

[0171] Based on the predicted corrosion life, corresponding maintenance strategies can be developed for different environmental conditions. For example, in environments with high corrosion rates, grounding materials may need to be inspected and maintained more frequently; while in environments with low corrosion rates, the inspection and maintenance cycle can be appropriately extended. Furthermore, measures such as anti-corrosion coatings and cathodic protection can be considered to extend the service life of grounding materials.

[0172] 5. Practical Application and Feedback

[0173] The aforementioned assessment methods and maintenance strategies are applied to practical engineering projects, with continuous monitoring of the corrosion status of grounding materials. By collecting data from actual use, the corrosion rate model can be further validated and improved, enhancing the accuracy of predictions. Simultaneously, maintenance strategies can be adjusted based on actual conditions to ensure the long-term stable operation of the grounding system.

[0174] In conclusion, the corrosion life assessment of copper-clad steel grounding materials is a complex but crucial process. It relies on accurate experimental data, scientific modeling, and reasonable consideration of environmental factors, providing important scientific basis for the design, selection, and maintenance of grounding materials.

[0175] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. These changes involve related technologies well known to those skilled in the art, and all of them fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0176] Many other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the concept and scope of this invention. It should be understood that this invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An experimental method for corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials, characterized in that, Corrosion is accelerated by adding a mixture of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia to the soil leachate, which includes the following steps: Step 1, Preparation of experimental materials; Select copper-clad steel grounding material samples with consistent specifications. Before the experiment, polish the surface of the samples to remove oxides and dirt and ensure a smooth surface. To prepare soil leachate, select soil samples from the target corrosive environment, add a certain proportion of deionized water, mix and stir evenly, filter out the soil leachate through a filtration device, and retain the dissolved substances and corrosive components. Step 2, configuration of the gas mixing system; The ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide is set according to the requirements of the target corrosion products. The ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide is used to control the formation of the corrosion product film so that it is consistent with the corrosion products in the natural environment. The ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide is controlled between 2:1 and 1:2 and is adjusted according to the type of target corrosion products and experimental requirements to ensure that the chemical composition and structure of the corrosion product film are consistent with the products formed under natural corrosion conditions. The proportion of ammonia is adjusted according to the soil's pH level; this ammonia proportion is used to control the acceleration factor of the corrosion rate, and the ammonia concentration is adjusted based on the soil's pH level and the desired acceleration ratio. The lower the pH, the closer the ammonia concentration is to the lower limit. (1) In acidic soil environments, the ammonia concentration should be controlled within the range of 0.2 vol.% to 1 vol.%. (2) In a neutral soil environment, the ammonia concentration should be controlled within the range of 1 vol.% to 1.2 vol.%. (3) In alkaline soil environments, the ammonia concentration should be controlled within the range of 1.2 vol.% to 2 vol.%. A mass flow controller is used to precisely control the gas flow rate, ensuring that the gas is mixed uniformly and continuously fed into the corrosion test system; Step 3, corrosion experiment process; Immerse the copper-clad steel grounding material sample in soil leachate, start the gas mixing system, and begin to introduce the set proportions of oxygen, carbon dioxide and ammonia. Set the experimental temperature and experimental time according to the required acceleration factor. Step 4, analysis of corrosion products; Surface morphology observation; After the experiment, the copper-clad steel grounding material sample was taken out of the soil leachate, rinsed with deionized water and dried. The morphology of the corrosion products on the sample surface was observed using a scanning electron microscope, and the composition of the corrosion products was analyzed using an electron spectrometer. The composition of the corrosion products was compared with that of the sample under natural conditions. Electrochemical performance testing; the protective effect and conductivity changes of the corrosion layer were evaluated by testing the corroded copper-clad steel grounding material samples using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Step 5, Data Recording and Analysis; Corrosion rate calculation: Based on the mass loss of the sample and the thickness of the corrosion products, the corrosion rate is calculated and compared with the data under natural corrosion conditions to obtain the acceleration ratio of the accelerated experiment. in , ; Corrosion mechanism analysis: Combining the results of surface morphology and electrochemical performance tests, the corrosion mechanism under different soil conditions was analyzed.

2. The experimental method for corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the mixing ratio of soil sample and deionized water is 1:

5.

3. The experimental method for corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 3, the experimental time is set according to the target acceleration factor, which is 10 to 100 times the natural corrosion time. The target acceleration factor is determined by the ammonia concentration. (1) Short experimental time requires a high acceleration factor, which is suitable for scenarios where corrosion tendency needs to be quickly assessed; (2) If the experiment takes a long time, a lower acceleration factor is required, which is suitable for accurately simulating long-term corrosion processes.

4. The experimental method for corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials according to claim 3, characterized in that, The copper-clad steel grounding material sample in step 1 has dimensions of 100mm × 10mm × 2mm.

5. A method for assessing the corrosion lifespan of copper-clad steel grounding materials, characterized in that, The experimental method for corrosion of copper-clad steel grounding materials according to any one of claims 1-4 is adopted. By analyzing the experimental results, a corrosion rate model is established to predict the corrosion life of the material in the actual environment, and corresponding maintenance strategies are formulated according to different environmental conditions.

6. The method for assessing the corrosion life of copper-clad steel grounding materials according to claim 5, characterized in that, The corrosion rate model is based on multivariate regression analysis, which combines factors such as soil type, gas ratio, temperature and humidity to predict the long-term corrosion behavior of copper-clad steel materials.

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