A device and method for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of energy storage containers

Abstract

The application discloses a device and method for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of energy storage container, which comprises an energy storage container body, a plurality of energy storage devices, an automatic fire extinguishing control device, a fire detection and alarm device, a plurality of groups of super-fine water mist nozzles capable of rotating freely up, down, left and right, and a special air conditioner, wherein the energy storage container body is used for loading other devices; the automatic fire extinguishing control device is connected with the fire detection and alarm device through a line, and the fire detection and alarm device feeds back a fire characteristic signal to the automatic fire extinguishing control device; a plurality of groups of super-fine water mist nozzles are installed at the inner top of the energy storage container body and located above the energy storage devices and connected with the automatic fire extinguishing control device. When a fire occurs in the energy storage device, the automatic fire extinguishing control device triggers corresponding fire-fighting measures according to the received fire characteristic signal. The application improves the control level when a fire occurs in the energy storage system, improves the fire extinguishing and cooling efficiency, and reduces the loss after a fire occurs in the energy storage system to the minimum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage safety technology, specifically to a device and method for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of energy storage containers. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening implementation of my country's "dual-carbon" strategy, research, development, and utilization of renewable energy are entering a new stage of rapid development. Energy storage containers can collect, store, and transport electrical energy converted from green energy, facilitating the promotion and utilization of new energy sources. An energy storage container is an integrated energy storage system that primarily relies on energy storage devices (such as battery modules) installed within the container to store electrical energy. As a reserve energy source, it is frequently used for collecting, storing, and transporting electrical energy and for emergency power supply, and is currently widely applied in new energy development, power construction, medical emergency response, petrochemicals, and mining / oil fields. However, the energy storage devices within energy storage containers are prone to thermal runaway during repeated charging and discharging. If left uncontrolled, this thermal runaway can propagate, leading to the failure of multiple or all energy storage devices, posing a significant threat to the life and property safety of operators. Therefore, the safety of energy storage containers is increasingly attracting the attention of researchers. Current technical solutions mostly employ total flooding to suppress thermal runaway in energy storage devices. While this achieves fire suppression and cooling, it suffers from low extinguishing efficiency, wastes a large amount of extinguishing agent, and renders most submerged energy storage equipment inoperable, requiring complete replacement and resulting in significant losses. Furthermore, existing solutions generally equip energy storage containers with heptafluoropropane or perfluorohexanone fire suppression systems, which are relatively expensive to manufacture and unsuitable for widespread industrial application. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems of low efficiency, inability to effectively suppress thermal runaway of energy storage equipment, high cost of extinguishing agents, and severe damage to energy storage equipment caused by total flooding in existing fire extinguishing and cooling devices for energy storage containers. In order to overcome the above shortcomings, this invention provides a device and method for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of energy storage containers that has fast response speed, high fire extinguishing and cooling efficiency, low operation and maintenance cost, and minimal damage to energy storage equipment.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a device for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of an energy storage container, comprising an energy storage container body, multiple sets of energy storage devices, an automatic fire extinguishing control device, a fire detection and alarm device, several sets of ultra-fine water mist nozzles that can rotate freely up, down, left, and right, and multiple sets of dedicated air conditioners. The energy storage container body is used to load other equipment and devices. Multiple sets of energy storage devices are arranged side-by-side inside the energy storage container body. Dedicated air conditioners are located inside the energy storage container body. The automatic fire extinguishing control device is located in the middle of the interior of the energy storage container body and is connected to the fire detection and alarm device via wiring. The fire detection and alarm device feeds back fire characteristic signals to the automatic fire extinguishing control device. Several sets of ultra-fine water mist nozzles are installed at the top of the interior of the energy storage container body, above the energy storage devices, and are connected to the automatic fire extinguishing control device via wiring.

[0005] Furthermore, the energy storage container body has a rectangular structure, with a length, width, and height between 1 and 20 meters, and its interior is equipped with pedestrian passages and maintenance space. Emergency power-off switches, exhaust fans, industrial cameras, and explosion-proof windows are also installed on the side walls of the energy storage container body. The emergency power-off switch is installed near the entrance of the energy storage container body and is mainly used to control the opening or closing of the charging and discharging process of the energy storage equipment. It is connected to an automatic fire suppression control device via wiring and can be automatically opened and closed by the automatic fire suppression control device, or manually opened and closed. The exhaust fan is triggered by the automatic fire suppression control device and can also be manually started or closed. The industrial camera is used to monitor the situation inside the energy storage container body in real time.

[0006] Furthermore, the energy storage device consists of 1 to 80 battery modules, each battery module is integrated and installed on a fixed battery rack in a symmetrical arrangement, and liquid cooling pipes are installed between different battery modules; the battery module is composed of two or more battery cells connected in series, and each battery cell is composed of two or more cells combined in series and parallel.

[0007] Furthermore, the ultrafine water mist nozzle is installed at the top inside the energy storage container body, directly above the battery module, and the ratio of the number of battery modules to the number of ultrafine water mist nozzles ranges from 10:1 to 1:10.

[0008] Furthermore, the ultrafine water mist nozzle includes a fixed base, a bidirectional gimbal, and a special nozzle. The fixed base is installed at a designated position on the top of the energy storage container body, and the bidirectional gimbal is installed below the fixed base to mount the special nozzle, enabling the special nozzle to rotate horizontally by 360° and vertically by 90°. The special nozzle is shaped like a frustum or a regular polygonal truncated cone, with 2 to 6 different nozzles evenly distributed on its side. Each nozzle sprays ultrafine water mist with different flow rates, average particle sizes, and water mist dispersion states. The special nozzle is switched by an automatic fire extinguishing control device, and its use is selected according to the size and spread rate of the fire. The flow rate range of the special nozzle is 1 to 50 L / min.

[0009] Furthermore, the ultrafine water mist specifically refers to a group of water mist particles with an average droplet diameter of less than 100 μm.

[0010] Furthermore, the top of the energy storage container is equipped with several temperature detectors, carbon monoxide detectors, hydrogen detectors, and smoke concentration detectors, which are connected to a fire detection and alarm device via wiring to monitor and report temperature and gas concentration in real time.

[0011] Furthermore, the explosion-proof window uses a steel frame equipped with special hinges and an explosion-proof device. The window sash uses safety glass with a thickness of 2–25 mm or double-layered laminated safety glass, with a glass area of ​​10 × 10 cm. 2 ~100×100cm 2 The explosion relief pressure value is set to 1-20 kPa; the explosion relief window is reusable and can still be opened or closed normally after the explosion is vented.

[0012] The technical solution described in this invention also claims protection for a method for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of energy storage containers. Using the aforementioned device for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of energy storage containers, when a fire occurs in the energy storage equipment inside the container, the fire detection alarm device receives a fire characteristic signal exceeding the warning range and immediately issues an alarm. The automatic fire extinguishing control device triggers corresponding fire-fighting measures based on the received fire characteristic signal, confirms the fire location, and controls the nearest ultra-fine water mist nozzle to spray ultra-fine water mist in a directional manner. After the flames are extinguished, all ultra-fine water mist nozzles begin to spray ultra-fine water mist over a wide area, forming a "water mist film" inside the energy storage container that covers the energy storage equipment, continuously cooling it.

[0013] Furthermore, when the detected carbon monoxide concentration is greater than 450 ppm, hydrogen concentration is greater than 500 ppm, local temperature T is greater than 80°C, or temperature rise ΔT is greater than 3°C / s, the fire detection alarm device issues a Level 1 warning, initiates a Level 1 response, closes the emergency power-off switch, shuts off the dedicated air conditioner, starts the exhaust fan, and the nearby ultra-fine water mist nozzles spray water mist directionally and continuously at a flow rate of 10 L / min, while other ultra-fine water mist nozzles spray water mist in a wide-area rotation at a flow rate of 5 L / min. The spray flow rate is adjusted in real time and monitored until the temperature and gas concentration fall below this warning range. When the detected carbon monoxide concentration is greater than 300 ppm but less than 450 ppm, or hydrogen concentration is greater than 350 ppm but less than 500 ppm, or the local temperature T of the battery module exceeds 70°C or temperature rise ΔT is greater than 2°C / s, the fire detection alarm device issues a Level 2 warning. The Level 2 response is activated: the air conditioning temperature is lowered by 10°C, the exhaust fan is started, and then nearby ultra-fine water mist nozzles continuously spray the high-temperature area at a flow rate of 8L / min, while other ultra-fine water mist nozzles spray in a wide-area rotation at a flow rate of 3L / min. The spray flow rate is adjusted in real time and monitored until the temperature and gas concentration fall below the warning range. When the carbon monoxide concentration is detected to be greater than 150ppm and less than 300ppm, or the hydrogen concentration is greater than 200ppm and less than 350ppm, or the local temperature T of the battery module is greater than 60°C or the temperature rise ΔT is greater than 1°C / s, the fire detection alarm device issues a Level 3 warning and activates the Level 3 response: the exhaust fan is started and runs continuously, the dedicated air conditioning speed is increased and the temperature is lowered by 5°C, and nearby ultra-fine water mist nozzles continuously spray the high-temperature area at a flow rate of 5L / min, with real-time monitoring until the temperature and gas concentration fall below the warning range.

[0014] Furthermore, the fire detection and alarm device collects and analyzes fire characteristic signals at a frequency of 1 to 60 times / min, depending on the operating status of the energy storage device.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: By adopting a fire-fighting device that combines wide-area spray cooling with fixed-point liquid fire extinguishing, the present invention improves the control level of energy storage systems in the event of a fire, enhances fire extinguishing and cooling efficiency, and minimizes the losses after a fire in the energy storage system; making the present invention applicable as a storage energy source for large-scale national wind power, photovoltaic bases and industrial parks, as well as as an emergency power source for short-term power supply of critical facilities and adjustment of seasonal regional load curves, with a wide range of applications and bright application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a front view of the energy storage container of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a front view of the energy storage container of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single battery module in this invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ultrafine water mist nozzle in this invention;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the specially designed nozzle structure of the ultrafine water mist nozzle in this invention;

[0021] Figure 6 This is another structural schematic diagram of the specially designed nozzle for the ultra-fine water mist nozzle in this invention;

[0022] Figure 7 This is the emergency response procedure for the automatic fire extinguishing control device of the present invention;

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Energy storage container body, 2. Emergency power-off switch, 3. Dedicated air conditioner, 4. Energy storage equipment, 5. Automatic fire extinguishing control device, 6. Exhaust fan, 7. Fire detection and alarm device, 8. Ultra-fine water mist nozzle, 9. Explosion relief window, 10. Industrial camera, 11. Battery module, 12. Battery cell, 13. Battery cell, 14. Hydrogen detector, 15. Carbon monoxide detector, 16. Smoke concentration detector, 17. Temperature detector, 18. Battery rack, 19. Fixed base, 20. Bidirectional pan-tilt unit, 21. Special nozzle, 22. Nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0024] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are only used to facilitate the description of the structural relationship between the components of this invention and do not specifically mean that any component in this invention must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, or be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0025] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0027] Example 1,

[0028] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, a device for automatic fire suppression and cooling of an energy storage container includes an energy storage container body 1, multiple sets of energy storage devices 4, an automatic fire suppression control device 5, a fire detection and alarm device 7, several sets of ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 that can rotate freely up, down, left, and right, and two sets of dedicated air conditioners 3. The energy storage container body 1, used to load other equipment and devices, is made of stainless steel and has an overall rectangular shape. Its specific dimensions are determined according to the volume of the energy storage devices 4 to be installed, and its volume is 9×2.5×3m. 3 It is designed to perform the main functions of energy storage and emergency power supply. It has an attractive appearance, a robust overall structure, and good sealing. It also has a pedestrian passage and maintenance space inside.

[0029] The energy storage container body 1 houses an energy storage device 4, consisting of 20 battery modules 11. Their arrangement is rationally planned according to the internal space of the container, preferably symmetrical. Each battery module 11 is integrated and mounted on a fixed battery rack 18 made of flame-retardant alloy material. Liquid cooling pipes are installed between different battery modules 11 to absorb and remove the heat released during the charging and discharging process. (Refer to...) Figure 3 As shown, each battery module 11 consists of two or more battery cells 12 connected in series, and each battery cell 12 consists of two or more battery cells 13 connected in series and parallel. To increase the overall system capacity of the energy storage device 4, different battery modules 11 are connected in parallel. The two dedicated air conditioners 3 are located at opposite ends of the overall layout of the energy storage device 4. Based on the external ambient temperature, the air conditioning system is controlled using a thermal management strategy to ensure the temperature inside the energy storage container remains within a suitable range, thereby extending battery life. The dedicated air conditioners 3 operate continuously at a set temperature of 26°C.

[0030] The side wall of the energy storage container body 1 is also equipped with an emergency power-off switch 2, an exhaust fan 6, an industrial camera 10, and an explosion-proof window 9. The emergency power-off switch 2 is installed near the entrance of the energy storage container body 1 and is connected to an automatic fire suppression control device 5 via wiring. It is mainly used to control the opening or closing of the charging and discharging process of the energy storage device 4 to prevent short circuits during spray fire suppression; it can also be manually turned on and off. An exhaust fan 6 is installed in one corner of the side wall of the energy storage container and is triggered by the automatic fire suppression control device 5. It drives a motor to rotate the fan impeller to discharge gas. The fan impeller is circular with a diameter of 10-40 cm; it can also be manually started or stopped. The industrial camera 10 is used to monitor the situation inside the energy storage container body 1 in real time, enabling remote viewing and control. It is waterproof, explosion-proof, stable, and has high resolution. A single explosion-proof window (9) is installed on the side wall of the energy storage container. It uses a steel window frame and is equipped with special hinges and explosion-proof devices (such as explosion-proof bolts). The window sash glass is made of safety glass with a thickness of 3-10mm or double-layered laminated safety glass, and the glass area is 30×40cm. 2The explosion relief pressure is set to 2 kPa; the explosion relief window 9 is reusable, releasing gas to reduce the internal pressure to prevent an explosion and protect the safety of personnel and equipment inside the container to the greatest extent. It can still be opened or closed normally after the explosion is relieved.

[0031] The automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 is located in the middle of the 20 battery modules 11 and is connected to the fire detection and alarm device 7 via a line. The fire detection and alarm device 7 includes a monitoring system for parameters such as temperature, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and smoke concentration, and can feed back fire characteristic signals to the automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 to facilitate real-time monitoring of changes in temperature, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and smoke concentration in the energy storage equipment integration area. Correspondingly, each battery module 11 is equipped with a temperature detector 17 and a smoke concentration detector 16 on its top. Temperature detectors 17, smoke concentration detectors 16, carbon monoxide detectors 15, and hydrogen detectors 14 are also installed on the middle area of ​​the inner top wall of the energy storage container body 1. These are connected to the fire detection and alarm device 7 via lines to monitor, collect, and feed back fire characteristic signals such as temperature and gas concentration in all directions in real time.

[0032] The ultrafine water mist nozzles 8 are installed at the top inside the energy storage container body 1, directly above the battery modules 11, and are controlled by an automatic fire suppression control device 5 via wiring. On average, two ultrafine water mist nozzles 8 are symmetrically installed above every five battery modules 11. Figure 4 As shown, the ultrafine water mist nozzle 8 includes a fixed base 19, a dual-directional gimbal 20, and a special nozzle 21. The fixed base 19 is bolted to a designated position on the top of the energy storage container body 1. The dual-directional gimbal 20 is installed below the fixed base 19 and is used to mount the special nozzle 21, allowing the special nozzle 21 to rotate freely up, down, left, and right, with a horizontal rotation angle of 360° and a vertical rotation angle of 90°, thereby achieving directional spraying. Figure 5As shown, the special nozzle 21 is shaped like a frustum and has three different nozzles 22. One nozzle is located at the bottom center of the special nozzle 21, and the other two are located on the side of the special nozzle 21, distributed at equal intervals. The flow rate, average particle size, and water mist dispersion state of the ultrafine water mist sprayed by each nozzle 22 are different. For example, the ultrafine water mist sprayed by the nozzle 22 located at the bottom center has a flow rate of 35 L / min, an average particle size of 100 μm, and the water mist is sprayed in a concentrated columnar shape. The two nozzles 22 located on the side wall of the special nozzle 21 spray ultrafine water mist with flow rates of 25 L / min and 20 L / min, respectively, and spray in a diffused manner. The specific nozzle 22 is selected according to the size of the fire and the spread speed. The selection and switching of nozzles 22 are controlled by the automatic fire extinguishing control device 5. The flow rate range of the special nozzle 21 is 1 to 50 L / min, and the ultrafine water mist specifically refers to a group of water mist particles with an average droplet diameter of less than 100 μm. This ultrafine water mist primarily relies on mechanisms such as surface cooling, suffocation, impact emulsification, and dilution to extinguish fires. The extremely small water droplets have a large specific surface area, which can quickly absorb the heat of the flames and turn into water vapor. At the same time, the volume expands by 1700 to 5800 times, causing the temperature near the ignition point to drop rapidly and isolating oxygen and other combustible gases, making it difficult to maintain combustion and gradually extinguishing the fire due to lack of oxygen.

[0033] The materials used to manufacture the aforementioned energy storage container body 1 are not limited to stainless steel plates, but can also be aluminum alloy profiles, fiberglass, wood, etc.

[0034] A method for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of an energy storage container employs a device described above. When a fire occurs in the energy storage device 4 inside the energy storage container 1, the fire detection and alarm device 7 receives a fire characteristic signal exceeding the warning range and immediately issues an alarm. The automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 triggers corresponding fire-fighting measures based on the received fire characteristic signal, confirms the fire location coordinates, and controls the nearest ultra-fine water mist nozzle 8 to spray ultra-fine water mist in a directional manner. Due to the flame entrainment effect, the ultra-fine water mist is sucked into the flame, extinguishing the newly ignited flame. After the flame is extinguished, all ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 begin to spray ultra-fine water mist over a wide area, forming a "water mist film" inside the energy storage container 1 that covers the energy storage device 4, isolating it from the air, preventing flame reignition, blocking the propagation of thermal runaway, and effectively reducing the temperature of the thermal runaway battery and the ambient temperature. Simultaneously, the ultra-fine water mist adheres to the surface of the battery module 11 without damaging the battery. Therefore, this method achieves the purpose of fire extinguishing and cooling without affecting the normal function of the battery module 11.

[0035] As a further optimization of the aforementioned automatic fire extinguishing and cooling method, combined with Figure 7As shown, when the detected carbon monoxide concentration is greater than 450 ppm, hydrogen concentration is greater than 500 ppm, local temperature T is greater than 80℃, or temperature rise ΔT is greater than 3℃ / s, the fire detection alarm device 7 issues a Level 1 warning and initiates a Level 1 response. The alarm device sounds an alarm and transmits the alarm signal to the central control room. The emergency power-off switch 2 is closed, the exhaust fan 6 is turned on, the dedicated air conditioner 3 is turned off, and the nearby ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist directionally and continuously at a flow rate of 10L / min. Other ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist in a wide area at a flow rate of 5L / min for 5 minutes to promptly reduce the temperature of the thermal runaway battery and the ambient temperature, prevent the battery from reigniting and the spread of thermal runaway, and adjust the spray flow rate in real time and monitor until the temperature and gas concentration drop below this warning range. When the detected carbon monoxide concentration is greater than 300 ppm and less than 450 ppm, or hydrogen concentration is greater than 350 ppm and less than 500 ppm, or the local temperature of the battery module 11 exceeds 70℃ or the temperature rise ΔT is greater than 2℃ / s, the fire detection alarm device... 7 issues a Level II warning and initiates a Level II response. The temperature of the dedicated air conditioner 3 is lowered by 10°C, the exhaust fan 6 is started, and the nearby ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist directionally and continuously at a flow rate of 8L / min to the high-temperature area for 2 minutes. Subsequently, all ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist in a wide-area rotation at a flow rate of 3L / min for 2 minutes. The spray flow rate is adjusted in real time and monitored until the temperature and gas concentration fall outside the warning range. When the carbon monoxide concentration is detected to be greater than 150ppm and less than 300ppm, or the hydrogen concentration is greater than 200ppm and less than 350ppm, or the local temperature T of the battery module is greater than 60°C or the temperature rise ΔT is greater than 1°C / s, the fire detection alarm device 7 issues a Level III warning and initiates a Level III response. The exhaust fan 6 is started and runs continuously for 20 minutes, the air speed of the dedicated air conditioner 3 is increased and the temperature is lowered by 5°C to facilitate the discharge of harmful gases from the container, and the nearby ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist continuously at a flow rate of 5L / min to the high-temperature area. The temperature and gas concentration are monitored in real time until they fall outside the warning range. If none of the above conditions occur, no response is required. This process is repeated to complete the fire extinguishing and temperature control.

[0036] The fire detection and alarm device 7 collects and analyzes fire characteristic signals at a frequency of 1 to 60 times / min, depending on the operating status of the energy storage device 4.

[0037] Example 2,

[0038] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, a device for automatic fire suppression and cooling of an energy storage container includes an energy storage container body 1, multiple sets of energy storage devices 4, an automatic fire suppression control device 5, a fire detection and alarm device 7, several sets of ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 that can rotate freely up, down, left, and right, and two sets of dedicated air conditioners 3. The energy storage container body 1, used to load other equipment and devices, is made of aluminum alloy profiles and has an overall rectangular shape. Its specific dimensions are determined according to the volume of the energy storage devices 4 to be installed, and its volume is 9×2.5×3m. 3 It is designed to perform the main functions of energy storage and emergency power supply. It has an attractive appearance, a robust overall structure, and good sealing. It also has a pedestrian passage and maintenance space inside.

[0039] The energy storage container body 1 houses an energy storage device 4, consisting of 40 battery modules 11. Their arrangement is rationally planned according to the internal space of the container, preferably symmetrical. Each battery module 11 is integrated and mounted on a fixed battery rack 18 made of flame-retardant alloy material. Liquid cooling pipes are installed between different battery modules 11 to absorb and remove the heat released during the charging and discharging process. (Refer to...) Figure 3 As shown, each battery module 11 consists of two or more battery units 12 connected in series, and each battery unit 12 consists of two or more cells 13 connected in series and parallel. To increase the overall system capacity of the energy storage device 4, different battery modules 11 are connected in parallel. The two dedicated air conditioners 3 are located at opposite ends of the overall layout of the energy storage device 4. Based on the external ambient temperature, the air conditioning system is controlled using a thermal management strategy to ensure the temperature inside the energy storage container remains within a suitable range, thereby extending battery life. The dedicated air conditioners 3 operate continuously at a set temperature of 26°C.

[0040] The side wall of the energy storage container body 1 is also equipped with an emergency power-off switch 2, an exhaust fan 6, an industrial camera 10, and an explosion-proof window 9. The emergency power-off switch 2 is installed near the entrance of the energy storage container body 1 and is connected to an automatic fire suppression control device 5 via wiring. It is mainly used to control the opening or closing of the charging and discharging process of the energy storage device 4 to prevent short circuits during spray fire suppression; it can also be manually turned on and off. An exhaust fan 6 is installed in one corner of the side wall of the energy storage container and is triggered by the automatic fire suppression control device 5. It drives a motor to rotate the fan impeller to discharge gas. The fan impeller is circular with a diameter of 25cm; it can also be manually started or stopped. The industrial camera 10 is used to monitor the situation inside the energy storage container body 1 in real time, enabling remote viewing and control. It is waterproof, explosion-proof, stable, and has high resolution. A single explosion-proof window (9) is installed on the side wall of the energy storage container. It uses a steel window frame and is equipped with special hinges and explosion-proof devices (such as explosion-proof bolts). The window sash glass is made of 6mm thick safety glass or double-layered laminated safety glass, with a glass area of ​​30×40cm. 2The explosion relief pressure value is set to 5 kPa; the explosion relief window 9 is reusable, releases gas to the outside, reduces the internal air pressure to prevent explosion, and protects the safety of personnel and equipment inside the container to the greatest extent. It can still be opened or closed normally after the explosion is relieved.

[0041] The automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 is located in the middle of the 40 battery modules 11 and is connected to the fire detection and alarm device 7 via wiring. The fire detection and alarm device 7 includes a monitoring system for parameters such as temperature, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and smoke concentration, and can feed back fire characteristic signals to the automatic fire extinguishing control device 5, facilitating real-time monitoring of changes in temperature, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and smoke concentration in the energy storage equipment integration area. Correspondingly, each battery module 11 is equipped with a temperature detector 17 and a smoke concentration detector 16 on its top. Temperature detectors 17, smoke concentration detectors 16, carbon monoxide detectors 15, and hydrogen detectors 14 are also installed on the middle area of ​​the inner top wall of the energy storage container body 1, which are connected to the fire detection and alarm device 7 via wiring to monitor, collect, and feed back fire characteristic signals such as temperature and gas concentration in all directions in real time.

[0042] The ultrafine water mist nozzle 8 is installed at the top inside the energy storage container body 1, directly above the battery module 11, and is controlled by an automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 via wiring. On average, only one ultrafine water mist nozzle 8 is installed above every five battery modules 11. Figure 4 As shown, the ultrafine water mist nozzle 8 includes a fixed base 19, a dual-directional gimbal 20, and a special nozzle 21. The fixed base 19 is bolted to a designated position on the top of the energy storage container body 1. The dual-directional gimbal 20 is installed below the fixed base 19 and is used to mount the special nozzle 21, allowing the special nozzle 21 to rotate freely up, down, left, and right, with a horizontal rotation angle of 360° and a vertical rotation angle of 90°, thereby achieving directional spraying. Figure 6As shown, the special nozzle 21 has a truncated square shape and is equipped with five different nozzles 22. One nozzle is located at the bottom center of the special nozzle 21, and the other four nozzles 22 are located on the four sides of the truncated square nozzle, each at the center of its corresponding side. The flow rate, average particle size, and water mist dispersion state of the ultrafine water mist sprayed by each nozzle 22 are different. For example, the four nozzles 22 located on the side wall of the special nozzle 21 spray ultrafine water mist with flow rates of 30L / min, 25L / min, 20L / min, and 10L / min, respectively, and spray in a diffused manner. The specific nozzle 22 is selected according to the size of the fire and the spread speed. The automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 controls the special nozzle 21 to select and switch between nozzles 22. The flow rate range of the special nozzle 21 is 50L / min, and the ultrafine water mist specifically refers to a group of water mist particles with an average droplet diameter of less than 100μm. This ultrafine water mist primarily relies on mechanisms such as surface cooling, suffocation, impact emulsification, and dilution to extinguish fires. The extremely small water droplets have a large specific surface area, which can quickly absorb the heat of the flames and turn into water vapor. At the same time, the volume expands by 5,000 times, causing the temperature near the ignition point to drop rapidly and isolating oxygen and other combustible gases, making it difficult to maintain combustion and gradually extinguishing the fire due to lack of oxygen.

[0043] The materials used to manufacture the aforementioned energy storage container body 1 are not limited to aluminum alloy profiles, but can also be fiberglass, wood, etc.

[0044] A method for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of an energy storage container employs a device described above. When a fire occurs in the energy storage device 4 inside the energy storage container 1, the fire detection and alarm device 7 receives a fire characteristic signal exceeding the warning range and immediately issues an alarm. The automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 triggers corresponding fire-fighting measures based on the received fire characteristic signal, confirms the fire location coordinates, and controls the nearest ultra-fine water mist nozzle 8 to spray ultra-fine water mist in a directional manner. Due to the flame entrainment effect, the ultra-fine water mist is sucked into the flame, extinguishing the newly ignited flame. After the flame is extinguished, all ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 begin to spray ultra-fine water mist over a wide area, forming a "water mist film" inside the energy storage container 1 that covers the energy storage device 4, isolating it from the air, preventing flame reignition, blocking the propagation of thermal runaway, and effectively reducing the temperature of the thermal runaway battery and the ambient temperature. Simultaneously, the ultra-fine water mist adheres to the surface of the battery module 11 without damaging the battery. Therefore, this method achieves the purpose of fire extinguishing and cooling without affecting the normal function of the battery module 11.

[0045] As a further optimization of the aforementioned automatic fire extinguishing and cooling method, combined with Figure 7As shown, when the detected carbon monoxide concentration is greater than 450 ppm, hydrogen concentration is greater than 500 ppm, local temperature T is greater than 80℃, or temperature rise ΔT is greater than 3℃ / s, the fire detection alarm device 7 issues a Level 1 warning and initiates a Level 1 response. The alarm device sounds an alarm and transmits the alarm signal to the central control room. The emergency power-off switch 2 is closed, the exhaust fan 6 is turned on, the dedicated air conditioner 3 is turned off, and the nearby ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist directionally and continuously at a flow rate of 10 L / min. Other ultra-fine water mist nozzles spray water mist in a wide area at a flow rate of 5 L / min for 10 minutes to promptly reduce the temperature of the thermal runaway battery and the ambient temperature, prevent the battery from reigniting and the spread of thermal runaway, and adjust the spray flow rate in real time and monitor until the temperature and gas concentration drop below this warning range. When the detected carbon monoxide concentration is greater than 300 ppm and less than 450 ppm, or hydrogen concentration is greater than 350 ppm and less than 500 ppm, or the temperature of the battery module 11 exceeds 70℃ or the temperature rise ΔT is greater than 2℃ / s, the fire detection alarm device... 7 issues a Level 2 warning and initiates a Level 2 response. The temperature of the dedicated air conditioner 3 is lowered by 10°C, the exhaust fan 6 is started, and the ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist directionally and continuously at a flow rate of 8L / min to the high-temperature area. Subsequently, all ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist in a wide-area rotation at a flow rate of 3L / min for 2 minutes, adjusting the spray flow rate in real time and monitoring until the temperature and gas concentration drop out of this warning range. When the carbon monoxide concentration is detected to be greater than 150ppm and less than 300ppm, or the hydrogen concentration is greater than 200ppm and less than 350ppm, or the local temperature T of the battery module is greater than 60°C or the temperature rise ΔT is greater than 1°C / s, the fire detection alarm device 7 issues a Level 3 warning and initiates a Level 3 response. The exhaust fan 6 is started and runs continuously for 20 minutes. The dedicated air conditioner 3 on the left side increases the airflow speed and lowers the temperature by 5°C to facilitate the discharge of harmful gases from the container. The adjacent ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist continuously at a flow rate of 5L / min to the high-temperature area, monitoring in real time until the temperature and gas concentration drop out of this warning range. If none of the above conditions occur, no response is required. This process is repeated to complete the fire extinguishing and temperature control.

[0046] The fire detection and alarm device 7 collects and analyzes fire characteristic signals at a frequency of 30 times / min based on the operating status of the energy storage device 4.

[0047] Example 3,

[0048] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a device for automatic fire suppression and cooling of an energy storage container includes an energy storage container body 1, multiple sets of energy storage devices 4, an automatic fire suppression control device 5, a fire detection and alarm device 7, several sets of ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 that can rotate freely up, down, left, and right, and two sets of dedicated air conditioners 3. The energy storage container body 1, used to load other equipment and devices, is made of stainless steel and has an overall rectangular shape. Its specific dimensions are determined according to the volume of the energy storage devices 4 to be installed, and its volume is 10×3×3.5m³.3 It is designed to perform the main functions of energy storage and emergency power supply. It has an attractive appearance, a robust overall structure, and good sealing. It also has a pedestrian passage and maintenance space inside.

[0049] The energy storage container body 1 houses an energy storage device 4, consisting of 20 battery modules 11. Their arrangement is rationally planned according to the internal space of the container, preferably symmetrical. Each battery module 11 is integrated and mounted on a fixed battery rack 18 made of flame-retardant alloy material. Liquid cooling pipes are installed between different battery modules 11 to absorb and remove the heat released during the charging and discharging process. (Refer to...) Figure 3 As shown, each battery module 11 consists of 6 battery units 12 connected in series, and each battery unit 12 is composed of 2 or more cells 13 connected in series and parallel. To increase the overall system capacity of the energy storage device 4, different battery modules 11 are connected in parallel. The two dedicated air conditioners 3 are located at opposite ends of the overall layout of the energy storage device 4. Based on the external ambient temperature, the air conditioning system is controlled using a thermal management strategy to ensure the temperature inside the energy storage container remains within a suitable range, thereby extending battery life. The dedicated air conditioners 3 operate continuously at a set temperature of 26°C.

[0050] The side wall of the energy storage container body 1 is also equipped with an emergency power-off switch 2, an exhaust fan 6, an industrial camera 10, and an explosion-proof window 9. The emergency power-off switch 2 is installed near the entrance of the energy storage container body 1 and is connected to an automatic fire suppression control device 5 via wiring. It is mainly used to control the opening or closing of the charging and discharging process of the energy storage device 4 to prevent short circuits during spray fire suppression; it can also be manually turned on and off. An exhaust fan 6 is installed in one corner of the side wall of the energy storage container and is triggered by the automatic fire suppression control device 5. It drives a motor to rotate the fan impeller to discharge gas. The fan impeller is circular with a diameter of 25cm; it can also be manually started or stopped. The industrial camera 10 is used to monitor the situation inside the energy storage container body 1 in real time, enabling remote viewing and control. It is waterproof, explosion-proof, stable, and has high resolution. A single explosion-proof window (9) is installed on the side wall of the energy storage container. It uses a steel frame and is equipped with special hinges and explosion-proof devices (such as explosion-proof bolts). The window sash glass is made of 10mm thick safety glass or double-layered laminated safety glass, with a glass area of ​​40×40cm. 2 The explosion relief pressure is set to 2 kPa; the explosion relief window 9 is reusable, releasing gas to reduce the internal pressure to prevent an explosion and protect the safety of personnel and equipment inside the container to the greatest extent. It can still be opened or closed normally after the explosion is relieved.

[0051] The automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 is located in the middle of the 20 battery modules 11 and is connected to the fire detection and alarm device 7 via a line. The fire detection and alarm device 7 includes a monitoring system for parameters such as temperature, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and smoke concentration, and can feed back fire characteristic signals to the automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 to facilitate real-time monitoring of changes in temperature, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and smoke concentration in the energy storage equipment integration area. Correspondingly, each battery module 11 is equipped with a temperature detector 17 and a smoke concentration detector 16 on its top. Temperature detectors 17, smoke concentration detectors 16, carbon monoxide detectors 15, and hydrogen detectors 14 are also installed on the middle area of ​​the inner top wall of the energy storage container body 1. These are connected to the fire detection and alarm device 7 via lines to monitor, collect, and feed back fire characteristic signals such as temperature and gas concentration in all directions in real time.

[0052] The ultrafine water mist nozzle 8 is installed at the top inside the energy storage container body 1, directly above the battery module 11, and is connected to the automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 via wiring. Only one ultrafine water mist nozzle 8 is installed inside the entire energy storage container body 1. Figure 4 As shown, the ultrafine water mist nozzle 8 includes a fixed base 19, a dual-directional gimbal 20, and a special nozzle 21. The fixed base 19 is bolted to a designated position on the top of the energy storage container body 1. The dual-directional gimbal 20 is installed below the fixed base 19 and is used to mount the special nozzle 21, allowing the special nozzle 21 to rotate freely up, down, left, and right, with a horizontal rotation angle of 360° and a vertical rotation angle of 90°, thereby achieving directional spraying. Figure 5 As shown, the specially designed nozzle 21 is truncated cone-shaped with four different nozzles 22. One nozzle is located at the bottom center of the nozzle 21, and the other three are located on the sides of the nozzle 21, evenly distributed. Each nozzle 22 emits ultrafine water mist with different flow rates, average particle sizes, and water mist dispersion states. The nozzles are selected according to the size and spread rate of the fire. The selection and switching of nozzles 22 are controlled by an automatic fire extinguishing control device 5. The flow rate of the specially designed nozzle 21 is 30 L / min. The ultrafine water mist specifically refers to a group of water mist particles with an average droplet diameter of less than 100 μm. This ultrafine water mist mainly relies on mechanisms such as surface cooling, suffocation, impact emulsification, and dilution to extinguish the fire. The extremely small water droplets have a large specific surface area, which can quickly absorb the heat of the flame and turn into water vapor. At the same time, the volume expands by 1700 to 5800 times, which rapidly reduces the temperature near the ignition point and isolates oxygen and other combustible gases, making it difficult to maintain combustion and gradually extinguishing the fire due to oxygen deficiency.

[0053] The materials used to manufacture the aforementioned energy storage container body 1 are not limited to stainless steel plates, but can also be aluminum alloy profiles, fiberglass, wood, etc.

[0054] A method for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of an energy storage container employs a device described above. When a fire occurs in the energy storage device 4 inside the energy storage container 1, the fire detection and alarm device 7 receives a fire characteristic signal exceeding the warning range and immediately issues an alarm. The automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 triggers corresponding fire-fighting measures based on the received fire characteristic signal, confirms the fire location coordinates, and controls the nearest ultra-fine water mist nozzle 8 to spray ultra-fine water mist in a directional manner. Due to the flame entrainment effect, the ultra-fine water mist is sucked into the flame, extinguishing the newly ignited flame. After the flame is extinguished, all ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 begin to spray ultra-fine water mist over a wide area, forming a "water mist film" inside the energy storage container 1 that covers the energy storage device 4, isolating it from the air, preventing flame reignition, blocking the propagation of thermal runaway, and effectively reducing the temperature of the thermal runaway battery and the ambient temperature. Simultaneously, the ultra-fine water mist adheres to the surface of the battery module 11 without damaging the battery. Therefore, this method achieves the purpose of fire extinguishing and cooling without affecting the normal function of the battery module 11.

[0055] As a further optimization of the aforementioned automatic fire extinguishing and cooling method, combined with Figure 7As shown, when the detected carbon monoxide concentration is greater than 450 ppm, hydrogen concentration is greater than 500 ppm, local temperature T is greater than 80℃, or temperature rise ΔT is greater than 3℃ / s, the fire detection alarm device 7 issues a Level 1 warning and initiates a Level 1 response. Emergency power-off switch 2 is closed, exhaust fan 6 is turned on, dedicated air conditioner 3 is turned off, and nearby ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist directionally and continuously at a flow rate of 10 L / min. Other ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist in a wide-area rotation at a flow rate of 5 L / min to promptly reduce the temperature of the thermal runaway battery and the ambient temperature, preventing battery reignition and thermal runaway propagation. The spray flow rate is adjusted in real time and monitored until the temperature and gas concentration drop below the warning range. When the detected carbon monoxide concentration is greater than 300 ppm but less than 450 ppm, or hydrogen concentration is greater than 350 ppm but less than 500 ppm, or the temperature of battery module 11 exceeds 70℃ or temperature rise ΔT is greater than 2℃ / s, the fire detection alarm device 7 issues a Level 2 warning. A Level 1 warning is issued, triggering a Level 2 response. The temperature of dedicated air conditioner 3 is lowered by 10°C, exhaust fan 6 is started, and ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist at a flow rate of 8L / min directionally onto the high-temperature area. Subsequently, all ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray a wide-area rotation at a flow rate of 3L / min, adjusting the spray flow rate in real time and monitoring until the temperature and gas concentration fall below the warning range. If a carbon monoxide concentration is detected to be greater than 150ppm and less than 300ppm, or a hydrogen concentration greater than 200ppm and less than 350ppm, or a local temperature T of the battery module is greater than 60°C or a temperature rise ΔT greater than 1°C / s, the fire detection alarm device 7 issues a Level 3 warning and triggers a Level 3 response. Exhaust fan 6 starts and runs continuously for 20 minutes, the airflow of dedicated air conditioner 3 on the left side is increased to facilitate the removal of harmful gases from the container, and the adjacent ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 continuously spray water mist at a flow rate of 5L / min onto the high-temperature area, monitoring in real time until the temperature and gas concentration fall below the warning range. If none of the above conditions occur, no response is required. This cycle repeats to complete fire suppression and temperature control.

[0056] The fire detection and alarm device 7 collects and analyzes fire characteristic signals at a frequency of 60 times / min based on the operating status of the energy storage device 4.

[0057] Example 4,

[0058] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a device for automatic fire suppression and cooling of an energy storage container includes an energy storage container body 1, multiple sets of energy storage devices 4, an automatic fire suppression control device 5, a fire detection and alarm device 7, several sets of ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 that can rotate freely up, down, left, and right, and two sets of dedicated air conditioners 3. The energy storage container body 1, used to load other equipment and devices, is made of stainless steel and has an overall rectangular shape. Its specific dimensions are determined according to the volume of the energy storage devices 4 to be installed, and its volume is 9×2.5×3m. 3It is designed to perform the main functions of energy storage and emergency power supply. It has an attractive appearance, a robust overall structure, and good sealing. It also has a pedestrian passage and maintenance space inside.

[0059] The energy storage container body 1 houses an energy storage device 4, consisting of 20 battery modules 11. Their arrangement is rationally planned according to the internal space of the container, preferably symmetrical. Each battery module 11 is integrated and mounted on a fixed battery rack 18 made of flame-retardant alloy material. Liquid cooling pipes are installed between different battery modules 11 to absorb and remove the heat released during the charging and discharging process. (Refer to...) Figure 3 As shown, each battery module 11 consists of two or more battery cells 12 connected in series, and each battery cell 12 consists of two or more battery cells 13 connected in series and parallel. To increase the overall system capacity of the energy storage device 4, different battery modules 11 are connected in parallel. The two dedicated air conditioners 3 are located at opposite ends of the overall layout of the energy storage device 4. Based on the external ambient temperature, the air conditioning system is controlled using a thermal management strategy to ensure the temperature inside the energy storage container remains within a suitable range, thereby extending battery life. The dedicated air conditioners 3 operate continuously at a set temperature of 26°C.

[0060] The side wall of the energy storage container body 1 is also equipped with an emergency power-off switch 2, an exhaust fan 6, an industrial camera 10, and an explosion-proof window 9. The emergency power-off switch 2 is installed near the entrance of the energy storage container body 1 and is connected to an automatic fire suppression control device 5 via wiring. It is mainly used to control the opening or closing of the charging and discharging process of the energy storage device 4 to prevent short circuits during spray fire suppression; it can also be manually turned on and off. An exhaust fan 6 is installed in a corner of the side wall of the energy storage container and is triggered by the automatic fire suppression control device 5. It drives a motor to rotate the fan impeller to discharge gas. The fan impeller is circular with a diameter of 30cm; it can also be manually started or stopped. The industrial camera 10 is used to monitor the situation inside the energy storage container body 1 in real time, enabling remote viewing and control. It is waterproof, explosion-proof, stable, and has high resolution. A single explosion-proof window (9) is installed on the side wall of the energy storage container. It uses a steel window frame and is equipped with special hinges and explosion-proof devices (such as explosion-proof bolts). The window sash glass is made of safety glass with a thickness of 2-25mm or double-layered laminated safety glass, and the glass area is 100×40cm. 2 The explosion relief pressure value is set to 10 kPa; the explosion relief window 9 is reusable, releases gas to the outside, reduces the internal air pressure to prevent explosion, and protects the safety of personnel and equipment inside the container to the greatest extent. It can still be opened or closed normally after the explosion is relieved.

[0061] The automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 is located in the middle of the 20 battery modules 11 and is connected to the fire detection and alarm device 7 via a line. The fire detection and alarm device 7 includes a monitoring system for parameters such as temperature, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and smoke concentration, and can feed back fire characteristic signals to the automatic fire extinguishing control device 5, facilitating real-time monitoring of changes in temperature, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and smoke concentration in the energy storage equipment integration area. Correspondingly, a temperature detector 17, a smoke concentration detector 16, a carbon monoxide detector 15, and a hydrogen detector 14 are also installed on the middle area of ​​the inner top wall of the energy storage container body 1, which are connected to the fire detection and alarm device 7 via lines to monitor, collect, and feed back fire characteristic signals such as temperature and gas concentration in all directions in real time.

[0062] The ultrafine water mist nozzles 8 are installed at the top inside the energy storage container body 1, directly above the battery modules 11, and are connected to the automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 via wiring. On average, two ultrafine water mist nozzles 8 are symmetrically installed above every 10 battery modules 11. Figure 4 As shown, the ultrafine water mist nozzle 8 includes a fixed base 19, a dual-directional gimbal 20, and a special nozzle 21. The fixed base 19 is bolted to a designated position on the top of the energy storage container body 1. The dual-directional gimbal 20 is installed below the fixed base 19 and is used to mount the special nozzle 21, allowing the special nozzle 21 to rotate freely up, down, left, and right, with a horizontal rotation angle of 360° and a vertical rotation angle of 90°, thereby achieving directional spraying. Figure 5 As shown, the specially designed nozzle 21 is frustum-shaped, with two or more different nozzles 22. The flow rate, average particle size, and water mist dispersion state of the ultrafine water mist emitted by each nozzle 22 are selected according to the size and spread speed of the fire. The selection and switching of nozzles 22 are controlled by the automatic fire extinguishing control device 5. The flow rate range of the specially designed nozzle 21 is 1-50 L / min. The ultrafine water mist specifically refers to a group of water mist particles with an average droplet diameter of less than 100 μm. This ultrafine water mist mainly relies on mechanisms such as surface cooling, suffocation, impact emulsification, and dilution to extinguish the fire. The extremely small water droplets have a large specific surface area, which can quickly absorb the heat of the flame and turn into water vapor. At the same time, the volume expands by 1700-5800 times, which makes the temperature near the ignition point drop rapidly and isolates oxygen and other combustible gases, making it difficult to maintain combustion and gradually extinguishing the fire due to lack of oxygen.

[0063] The materials used to manufacture the aforementioned energy storage container body 1 are not limited to stainless steel plates, but can also be aluminum alloy profiles, fiberglass, wood, etc.

[0064] A method for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of an energy storage container employs a device described above. When a fire occurs in the energy storage device 4 inside the energy storage container 1, the fire detection and alarm device 7 receives a fire characteristic signal exceeding the warning range and immediately issues an alarm. The automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 triggers corresponding fire-fighting measures based on the received fire characteristic signal, confirms the fire location coordinates, and controls the nearest ultra-fine water mist nozzle 8 to spray ultra-fine water mist in a directional manner. Due to the flame entrainment effect, the ultra-fine water mist is sucked into the flame, extinguishing the newly ignited flame. After the flame is extinguished, all ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 begin to spray ultra-fine water mist over a wide area, forming a "water mist film" inside the energy storage container 1 that covers the energy storage device 4, isolating it from the air, preventing flame reignition, blocking the propagation of thermal runaway, and effectively reducing the temperature of the thermal runaway battery and the ambient temperature. Simultaneously, the ultra-fine water mist adheres to the surface of the battery module 11 without damaging the battery. Therefore, this method achieves the purpose of fire extinguishing and cooling without affecting the normal function of the battery module 11.

[0065] As a further optimization of the aforementioned automatic fire extinguishing and cooling method, combined with Figure 7As shown, when the detected carbon monoxide concentration is greater than 450 ppm, hydrogen concentration is greater than 500 ppm, local temperature T is greater than 80℃, or temperature rise ΔT is greater than 3℃ / s, the fire detection alarm device 7 issues a Level 1 warning and initiates a Level 1 response. The alarm device sounds an alarm and transmits the alarm signal to the central control room. The emergency power-off switch 2 is closed, the exhaust fan 6 is turned on, the dedicated air conditioner 3 is turned off, and the nearby ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist directionally and continuously at a flow rate of 10L / min. Other ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist in a wide area at a flow rate of 5L / min for 5 minutes to promptly reduce the temperature of the thermal runaway battery and the ambient temperature, prevent the battery from reigniting and the spread of thermal runaway, and adjust the spray flow rate in real time and monitor until the temperature and gas concentration drop below this warning range. When the detected carbon monoxide concentration is greater than 300 ppm and less than 450 ppm, or hydrogen concentration is greater than 350 ppm and less than 500 ppm, or the local temperature of the battery module 11 exceeds 70℃ or the temperature rise ΔT is greater than 2℃ / s, the fire detection alarm device... 7 issues a Level II warning and initiates a Level II response. The temperature of the dedicated air conditioner 3 is lowered by 10°C, the exhaust fan 6 is started, and the nearby ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist directionally and continuously at a flow rate of 8L / min to the high-temperature area for 2 minutes. Subsequently, all ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist in a wide-area rotation at a flow rate of 3L / min for 2 minutes. The spray flow rate is adjusted in real time and monitored until the temperature and gas concentration fall outside the warning range. When the carbon monoxide concentration is detected to be greater than 150ppm and less than 300ppm, or the hydrogen concentration is greater than 200ppm and less than 350ppm, or the local temperature T of the battery module is greater than 60°C or the temperature rise ΔT is greater than 1°C / s, the fire detection alarm device 7 issues a Level III warning and initiates a Level III response. The exhaust fan 6 is started and runs continuously for 20 minutes, the air speed of the dedicated air conditioner 3 is increased and the temperature is lowered by 5°C to facilitate the discharge of harmful gases from the container, and the nearby ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist continuously at a flow rate of 5L / min to the high-temperature area. The temperature and gas concentration are monitored in real time until they fall outside the warning range. If none of the above conditions occur, no response is required. This process is repeated to complete the fire extinguishing and temperature control.

[0066] The fire detection and alarm device 7 collects and analyzes fire characteristic signals at a frequency of 1 time / min based on the operating status of the energy storage device 4.

[0067] Example 5,

[0068] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, a device for automatic fire suppression and cooling of an energy storage container includes an energy storage container body 1, multiple sets of energy storage devices 4, an automatic fire suppression control device 5, a fire detection and alarm device 7, several sets of ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 that can rotate freely up, down, left, and right, and two sets of dedicated air conditioners 3. The energy storage container body 1, used to load other equipment and devices, is made of stainless steel and has an overall rectangular shape. Its specific dimensions are determined according to the volume of the energy storage devices 4 to be installed, and its volume is 9×2.5×3m. 3 It is designed to perform the main functions of energy storage and emergency power supply. It has an attractive appearance, a robust overall structure, and good sealing. It also has a pedestrian passage and maintenance space inside.

[0069] The energy storage container body 1 houses an energy storage device 4, consisting of 12 battery modules 11. Their arrangement is rationally planned according to the internal space of the container, preferably symmetrical. Each battery module 11 is integrated and mounted on a fixed battery rack 18 made of flame-retardant alloy material. Liquid cooling pipes are installed between different battery modules 11 to absorb and remove the heat released during the charging and discharging process. (Refer to...) Figure 3 As shown, each battery module 11 consists of two or more battery cells 12 connected in series, and each battery cell 12 consists of two or more battery cells 13 connected in series and parallel. To increase the overall system capacity of the energy storage device 4, different battery modules 11 are connected in parallel. The two dedicated air conditioners 3 are located at opposite ends of the overall layout of the energy storage device 4. Based on the external ambient temperature, the air conditioning system is controlled using a thermal management strategy to ensure the temperature inside the energy storage container remains within a suitable range, thereby extending battery life. The dedicated air conditioners 3 operate continuously at a set temperature of 23°C.

[0070] The side wall of the energy storage container body 1 is also equipped with an emergency power-off switch 2, an exhaust fan 6, an industrial camera 10, and an explosion-proof window 9. The emergency power-off switch 2 is installed near the entrance of the energy storage container body 1 and is connected to an automatic fire suppression control device 5 via wiring. It is mainly used to control the opening or closing of the charging and discharging process of the energy storage device 4 to prevent short circuits during spray fire suppression; it can also be manually turned on and off. An exhaust fan 6 is installed in one corner of the side wall of the energy storage container and is triggered by the automatic fire suppression control device 5. It drives a motor to rotate the fan impeller to discharge gas. The fan impeller is circular with a diameter of 35cm; it can also be manually started or stopped. The industrial camera 10 is used to monitor the situation inside the energy storage container body 1 in real time, enabling remote viewing and control. It is waterproof, explosion-proof, stable, and has high resolution. A single explosion-proof window (9) is installed on the side wall of the energy storage container. It uses a steel window frame and is equipped with special hinges and explosion-proof devices (such as explosion-proof bolts). The window sash glass is made of 25mm thick safety glass or double-layered laminated safety glass, with a glass area of ​​50×60cm. 2The explosion relief pressure is set to 8 kPa; the explosion relief window 9 is reusable, releasing gas to reduce the internal air pressure to prevent an explosion and protect the safety of personnel and equipment inside the container to the greatest extent. It can still be opened or closed normally after the explosion is relieved.

[0071] The automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 is located in the middle of the 12 battery modules 11 and is connected to the fire detection and alarm device 7 via a line. The fire detection and alarm device 7 includes a monitoring system for parameters such as temperature, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and smoke concentration, and can feed back fire characteristic signals to the automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 to facilitate real-time monitoring of changes in temperature, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and smoke concentration in the energy storage equipment integration area. Correspondingly, each battery module 11 is equipped with a temperature detector 17 and a smoke concentration detector 16 on its top. Temperature detectors 17, smoke concentration detectors 16, carbon monoxide detectors 15, and hydrogen detectors 14 are also installed on the middle area of ​​the inner top wall of the energy storage container body 1. These are connected to the fire detection and alarm device 7 via lines to monitor, collect, and feed back fire characteristic signals such as temperature and gas concentration in all directions in real time.

[0072] The ultrafine water mist nozzle 8 is installed at the top inside the energy storage container body 1, directly above the battery module 11, and is controlled by an automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 via wiring. On average, one ultrafine water mist nozzle 8 is installed above every three battery modules 11. Figure 4 As shown, the ultrafine water mist nozzle 8 includes a fixed base 19, a dual-directional gimbal 20, and a special nozzle 21. The fixed base 19 is bolted to a designated position on the top of the energy storage container body 1. The dual-directional gimbal 20 is installed below the fixed base 19 and is used to mount the special nozzle 21, allowing the special nozzle 21 to rotate freely up, down, left, and right, with a horizontal rotation angle of 360° and a vertical rotation angle of 90°, thereby achieving directional spraying. Figure 6As shown, the specially designed nozzle 21 has a truncated square-shaped structure with nine different nozzles 22. One nozzle is located at the bottom center of the nozzle 21, and the other eight nozzles 22 are located on the four sides of the nozzle, each at the center of its corresponding side, arranged vertically. The flow rate, average particle size, and dispersion state of the ultrafine water mist emitted by each nozzle 22 are selected according to the size and spread rate of the fire. The automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 controls the specially designed nozzle 21 to switch between nozzles 22. The ultrafine water mist specifically refers to a group of water mist particles with an average droplet diameter of less than 100 μm. This ultrafine water mist mainly relies on mechanisms such as surface cooling, suffocation, impact emulsification, and dilution to extinguish the fire. The extremely small water droplets have a large specific surface area, which can quickly absorb the heat of the flame and turn into water vapor. At the same time, the volume expands by 1700 to 5800 times, which rapidly reduces the temperature near the ignition point and isolates oxygen and other combustible gases, making it difficult to maintain combustion and gradually extinguishing the fire due to lack of oxygen.

[0073] The materials used to manufacture the aforementioned energy storage container body 1 are not limited to stainless steel plates, but can also be aluminum alloy profiles, fiberglass, wood, etc.

[0074] A method for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of an energy storage container employs a device described above. When a fire occurs in the energy storage device 4 inside the energy storage container 1, the fire detection and alarm device 7 receives a fire characteristic signal exceeding the warning range and immediately issues an alarm. The automatic fire extinguishing control device 5 triggers corresponding fire-fighting measures based on the received fire characteristic signal, confirms the fire location coordinates, and controls the nearest ultra-fine water mist nozzle 8 to spray ultra-fine water mist in a directional manner. Due to the flame entrainment effect, the ultra-fine water mist is sucked into the flame, extinguishing the newly ignited flame. After the flame is extinguished, all ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 begin to spray ultra-fine water mist over a wide area, forming a "water mist film" inside the energy storage container 1 that covers the energy storage device 4, isolating it from the air, preventing flame reignition, blocking the propagation of thermal runaway, and effectively reducing the temperature of the thermal runaway battery and the ambient temperature. Simultaneously, the ultra-fine water mist adheres to the surface of the battery module 11 without damaging the battery. Therefore, this method achieves the purpose of fire extinguishing and cooling without affecting the normal function of the battery module 11.

[0075] As a further optimization of the aforementioned automatic fire extinguishing and cooling method, combined with Figure 7As shown, when the detected carbon monoxide concentration is greater than 450 ppm, hydrogen concentration is greater than 500 ppm, local temperature T is greater than 80℃, or temperature rise ΔT is greater than 3℃ / s, the fire detection alarm device 7 issues a Level 1 warning and initiates a Level 1 response. The alarm device sounds an alarm and transmits the alarm signal to the central control room. The emergency power-off switch 2 is closed, the exhaust fan 6 is turned on, the dedicated air conditioner 3 is turned off, and the nearby ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist directionally and continuously at a flow rate of 10 L / min. Other ultra-fine water mist nozzles spray water mist in a wide area at a flow rate of 5 L / min for 10 minutes to promptly reduce the temperature of the thermal runaway battery and the ambient temperature, prevent the battery from reigniting and the spread of thermal runaway, and adjust the spray flow rate in real time and monitor until the temperature and gas concentration drop below this warning range. When the detected carbon monoxide concentration is greater than 300 ppm and less than 450 ppm, or hydrogen concentration is greater than 350 ppm and less than 500 ppm, or the temperature of the battery module 11 exceeds 70℃ or the temperature rise ΔT is greater than 2℃ / s, the fire detection alarm device... 7 issues a Level 2 warning and initiates a Level 2 response. The temperature of the dedicated air conditioner 3 is lowered by 10°C, the exhaust fan 6 is started, and the ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist directionally and continuously at a flow rate of 8L / min to the high-temperature area. Subsequently, all ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist in a wide-area rotation at a flow rate of 3L / min for 2 minutes, adjusting the spray flow rate in real time and monitoring until the temperature and gas concentration drop out of this warning range. When the carbon monoxide concentration is detected to be greater than 150ppm and less than 300ppm, or the hydrogen concentration is greater than 200ppm and less than 350ppm, or the local temperature T of the battery module is greater than 60°C or the temperature rise ΔT is greater than 1°C / s, the fire detection alarm device 7 issues a Level 3 warning and initiates a Level 3 response. The exhaust fan 6 is started and runs continuously for 20 minutes. The dedicated air conditioner 3 on the left side increases the airflow speed and lowers the temperature by 5°C to facilitate the discharge of harmful gases from the container. The adjacent ultra-fine water mist nozzles 8 spray water mist continuously at a flow rate of 5L / min to the high-temperature area, monitoring in real time until the temperature and gas concentration drop out of this warning range. If none of the above conditions occur, no response is required. This process is repeated to complete the fire extinguishing and temperature control.

[0076] Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of energy storage containers, characterized in that: The energy storage container body is used for loading other devices and apparatuses, a plurality of energy storage devices are arranged side by side in the energy storage container body, and a plurality of special air conditioners are arranged in the energy storage container body.

2. The device for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of energy storage containers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage container body is in a cuboid structure, and the length, width and height thereof are between 1-20 m, and a human passage and a maintenance space are arranged in the energy storage container body.

3. The device for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of energy storage containers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage device is composed of 1-80 battery modules, each battery module is integrally arranged on a fixed battery rack in a symmetrical arrangement, and a liquid cooling pipe is arranged between different battery modules.

4. The device for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of energy storage containers according to claim 3, characterized in that: The battery module is composed of two or more battery units connected in series, and each battery unit is composed of two or more battery cells connected in series and parallel.

5. The device for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of energy storage containers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The super-fine water mist nozzle is arranged at the top of the energy storage container body and above the battery module, and the ratio of the number of the battery module to the super-fine water mist nozzle is 10:1-1:

10.

6. The device for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of energy storage containers according to claim 5, characterized in that: The super-fine water mist nozzle includes a fixed base, a two-way holder and a special nozzle, the fixed base is arranged at a specified position on the top of the energy storage container body, the two-way holder is arranged below the fixed base and used for carrying the special nozzle, so that the horizontal rotation angle of the special nozzle is 360° and the vertical rotation angle is 90°.

7. The device for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of energy storage containers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The super-fine water mist refers to a water mist particle group with an average droplet diameter less than 100 μm. A plurality of temperature detectors, carbon monoxide detectors, hydrogen detectors and smoke concentration detectors are arranged at the top of the energy storage container body, and are connected to the fire detection alarm device through lines to monitor and feed back the temperature and gas concentration in real time.

8. The device for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of energy storage containers according to claim 2, characterized in that: The explosion venting window adopts a steel window frame and is equipped with a special hinge and an explosion venting device, the sash glass adopts safety glass or double-layer laminated safety glass with a thickness of 2-25 mm, the glass area is 10x10 cm 2 ~100x100 cm 2 , and the explosion venting pressure value is set to 1-20 kPa; the explosion venting window can be repeatedly used and can be normally opened or closed after explosion venting.

9. A method for automatic fire extinguishing and temperature reduction of an energy storage container, using the device for automatic fire extinguishing and temperature reduction of an energy storage container according to any one of claims 1-8. When a fire occurs in the energy storage equipment in the energy storage container, the fire detection alarm device receives a fire characteristic signal exceeding the warning range, and immediately issues an alarm prompt. The automatic fire extinguishing control device triggers corresponding fire-fighting measures according to the received fire characteristic signal, confirms the fire location, and controls the nearest ultra-fine water mist nozzle to direct the injection of ultra-fine water mist. After the flame is extinguished, all ultra-fine water mist nozzles start to spray ultra-fine water mist in a wide area, forming a layer of "water mist film" above the energy storage equipment, continuously cooling.

10. The method for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of energy storage containers according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the concentration of carbon monoxide is greater than 450ppm or the concentration of hydrogen is greater than 500ppm or the local temperature T is greater than 80℃ or the temperature rise ΔT is greater than 3℃ / s, the fire detection alarm device issues a first pre-warning, starts a first response, closes the emergency power-off switch, closes the special air conditioner, starts the exhaust fan, and the adjacent ultra-fine water mist nozzle sprays water mist at a flow rate of 10L / min, and the other ultra-fine water mist nozzles spray water mist at a flow rate of 5L / min, and the flow rate of the spray is adjusted in real time and monitored until the temperature and gas concentration drop out of this pre-warning range; When the concentration of carbon monoxide is greater than 300ppm and less than 450ppm, or the concentration of hydrogen is greater than 350ppm and less than 500ppm, or the local temperature T of the battery module exceeds 70℃ or the temperature rise ΔT is greater than 2℃ / s, the fire detection alarm device issues a second pre-warning, starts a second response, and adjusts the temperature of the air conditioner by 10℃, starts the exhaust fan, and then the adjacent ultra-fine water mist nozzle sprays at a flow rate of 8L / min, and the other ultra-fine water mist nozzles spray at a flow rate of 3L / min, and the flow rate of the spray is adjusted in real time and monitored until the temperature and gas concentration drop out of this pre-warning range; When the concentration of carbon monoxide is greater than 150ppm and less than 300ppm, or the concentration of hydrogen is greater than 200ppm and less than 350ppm, or the local temperature T of the battery module is greater than 60℃ or the temperature rise ΔT is greater than 1℃ / s, the fire detection alarm device issues a third pre-warning, starts a third response, and starts the exhaust fan and continues to operate, and the special air conditioner increases the air speed and adjusts the temperature by 5℃, and the adjacent ultra-fine water mist nozzle sprays at a flow rate of 5L / min, and the flow rate of the spray is adjusted in real time and monitored until the temperature and gas concentration drop out of this pre-warning range.

11. The method for automatic fire extinguishing and cooling of an energy storage container according to claim 10, characterized in that: The fire detection alarm device collects and analyzes the frequency of the fire characteristic signal at 1-60 times / min according to the operating state of the energy storage equipment.

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