A box type soilless culture method of a double-flowered lily

Abstract

The application discloses a box type soilless cultivation method of heavy-petaled lily Spathiphyllum floribundum, and comprises the following steps: S1, filling at least 1.5 cm thick substrate in a germination box, taking out lily bulbs one by one from a turnover box, orderly arranging and placing the lily bulbs in the germination box, and pouring water; S2, moving the box-cultivated lily into a germination refrigerator, and germinating at a temperature of 8-15 DEG C; S3, transplanting preparation; S4, transplanting the germinated bulbs into the cultivation substrate of a cultivation box, and vertically arranging the germination bulbs; S5, after the germination bulbs are planted, keeping the temperature at 20-25 DEG C during the day, 15-18 DEG C at night, the suitable soil temperature at 12-15 DEG C, and the environmental humidity at 70%-75%; and S6, collecting the lily cut flowers when the lily flower bulbs are planted for 90-140 days and the flower buds begin to show color, and obtaining the lily cut flowers. The box type cultivation method uses the cultivation area in the maximum efficiency, can effectively improve the substrate utilization rate, effectively avoids the rotation obstacle, and can produce 2-3 crops of lilies in the same year.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of soilless cultivation technology for bulbous flowers, specifically relating to a box-type soilless cultivation method for double-flowered lily Salmansa. Background Technology

[0002] Lilies are world-renowned cut flowers, second only to modern roses in sales. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the quality requirements for lilies have also increased. Traditional ground planting methods are constrained by factors such as arable land area, soil-borne diseases, and continuous cropping obstacles, resulting in inconsistent quality of double-flowered lilies like the *Lily salsa*, making it difficult to meet people's demand for high-quality cut lilies. Soilless cultivation not only solves the problems of continuous cropping obstacles and soil-borne diseases, but is also not limited by natural conditions, and has advantages such as water conservation, fertilizer conservation, and labor saving. In addition, box cultivation can be carried out on land unsuitable for traditional cultivation, adapting to different climates and environmental conditions. Through box cultivation modifications, although the yield per unit area is not much different from that of traditional ground planting, it expands the agricultural production space in terms of production efficiency and product quality.

[0003] Patent document CN115553203A discloses a soilless cultivation method for cut lilies using a trough system. Its features include the following steps: 1) preparation of the cultivation substrate; 2) preparation of the facilities; 3) bulb planting; 4) water, fertilizer, temperature, and light management after bulb planting; 5) disease control after bulb planting; and 6) harvesting. This method allows for convenient soilless cultivation of double-flowered lilies (Salmonella salsa) using cultivation boxes. However, this document does not provide methods for root development and transplanting, and suffers from problems such as sensitivity to continuous cropping obstacles and a lack of year-round supply technology.

[0004] The double-flowered Roselily lily, Samantha, is one of the most popular Roselily varieties on the market. This lily variety boasts advantages such as a delicate fragrance, the absence of stamens, vibrant and bright flower color, upright and sturdy stems, and good field resistance. Samantha lily bulbs are packed in transport boxes (60*40*23cm), with the inside of the boxes wrapped in perforated bags and mixed with pure peat moss substrate (0-5mm particle size). The research objective of this invention is to explore how to hydroponically cultivate Samantha lilies within these boxes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a box-type soilless cultivation method for double-flowered lily Salmansa, in order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, such as the sensitivity of lilies to continuous cropping obstacles, the lack of year-round supply technology, and the uneven quality of cut flowers in the market.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] The present invention discloses a soilless box cultivation method for double-flowered lily Salmansa, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1, bulb removal and planting: Remove the lily bulbs one by one from the turnover box; first, fill the germination box with a substrate at least 1.5cm thick, arrange the bulbs in the germination box in an orderly manner with the buds facing upwards; fill the box with substrate, level the surface substrate, and water thoroughly; the substrate is pure peat moss with a particle size of 10-50mm (preferably 20-40mm);

[0009] S2, Cold storage rooting: After the water has drained slightly, move the boxed lilies into the rooting cold storage and germinate them at a temperature of 10-15℃ (preferably 10-12℃) for 10-20 days; transplant when the lily buds emerge from the substrate and three rings of stem roots can be observed, or when the buds are 12-15cm long.

[0010] S3, Transplanting preparation: Install enough cultivation boxes, and set up water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipes above the cultivation boxes; fill the cultivation boxes with pure peat substrate and level it to a height of 10-30cm; pull the germinated bulbs out of the rooting cold storage and place them in a cool place to adapt to the surrounding environment; take out the germinated bulbs one by one from the germination box and separate the germination substrate from the germination bulbs.

[0011] S4, Transplanting germinated bulbs: Transplant the germinated bulbs into the cultivation substrate in the cultivation box, with the buds pointing vertically upwards, at a planting depth of 15-20cm, controlling the plant spacing to 13-17cm and the row spacing to 15-17cm; water thoroughly.

[0012] S5, Lily growth period management: After the germinating bulbs are planted, maintain a daytime temperature of 20-25℃, a nighttime temperature of 15-18℃, a suitable soil temperature of 12-15℃, and an environmental humidity of 70%-75%.

[0013] When the roots grow to 2-3 cm and form a three-ring root structure, apply seedling fertilizer to ensure the soil pH is between 6.0 and 7.0; the fertilizer concentration (i.e., EC value) of the seedling fertilizer should be controlled between 1.2 and 1.5 mS / cm; when the plant height generally reaches 30 cm, apply calcium fertilizer once, with an EC value of 1.3-1.5 mS / cm; after the lily flower buds differentiate and bud, start drip irrigation with high phosphorus fertilizer, with the EC value stabilized at 2.0-2.2 mS / cm;

[0014] S6. Harvesting: Lily bulbs are harvested 90-140 days after transplanting and when the flower buds begin to show color, to obtain cut lily flowers.

[0015] Preferably, before proceeding to step S1, the lily bulbs need to be inspected. Bulbs without buds need to be stored in a cold storage at -0.5 to -1.5°C, bulbs with buds need to be stored in a cold storage at 0 to 2°C, and bulbs with buds longer than 1 cm need to be arranged to develop roots in a timely manner.

[0016] Preferably, in step S1, the bulbs near the edge of the germination box are placed at a 70-80° angle, slightly tilted towards the center of the germination box; the bulbs are arranged so that they are close together to avoid squeezing each other. The germination box can be an unused turnover box.

[0017] Preferably, during the bulb removal process in step S1, bulbs with mold growth on their surface need to be disinfected by soaking in a chemical agent; the agent is a 400-600 times diluted solution of mancozeb, the soaking time is 10-25 minutes, and after soaking, the bulbs are removed and drained.

[0018] Preferably, in step S2, the substrate used in the previous crop needs to be cleaned, mainly to wash away excess salt in the substrate, and then the substrate is disinfected with a 500-1000 times dilution of sodium dichloroisocyanurate to prevent excessive nutrients and pathogens from remaining in the substrate of the previous crop.

[0019] Preferably, when the lily plants are 15-30cm tall, a flower net is needed to support the plants to prevent them from falling over and to ensure the quality of the cut flowers. The flower net is generally made of 15cm*15cm plastic woven mesh.

[0020] Preferably, during the process of removing the germinated bulbs in step S3, the germinated bulbs with mold on the surface need to be disinfected by soaking in a fungicide solution of 400 to 600 times dilution for 10 to 25 minutes. After soaking, the bulbs are taken out and drained.

[0021] Preferably, in step S5, shading after planting helps to increase plant height. The shading net can be removed later according to the variety and plant growth. Generally, a shading net with a shading rate of 60% to 75% is selected during the production process.

[0022] Preferably, when the plant height reaches 90cm, targeted fertilization should be carried out according to the condition of the leaves. If the leaves are thin and yellowish, apply high-phosphorus fertilizer and foliar spray with micronutrient fertilizer in time. If iron deficiency spots appear on the leaves, apply micronutrient iron in time. If the leaves show magnesium deficiency chlorosis, apply magnesium fertilizer to correct the nutritional imbalance. If the leaves are of moderate thickness and dark green, continue to use high-phosphorus fertilizer for drip irrigation.

[0023] The seedling fertilizer is at least one of water-soluble potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and borax; the calcium fertilizer is a chelated calcium fertilizer; and the high-phosphorus fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] This invention mainly utilizes the water- and fertilizer-saving advantages of pure peat in lily cultivation, allowing for more precise and effective quality control. The advantages of box-type soilless cultivation are mainly reflected in the following points:

[0026] (1) It is easy to save water and fertilizer and save land resources: Pure peat is a cultivation substrate processed from plant residues. It is a pure natural organic medium with good water retention and air permeability. By using pure peat recycling, the humidity and air permeability of the substrate can be effectively controlled, which can significantly reduce the waste of water and fertilizer. Moreover, pure peat can be naturally degraded and will not cause pollution to the environment.

[0027] 2) Facilitates crop rotation: Box cultivation makes the most efficient use of the cultivation area, effectively disinfects the substrate, improves substrate utilization, and effectively avoids crop rotation obstacles. Currently, the box cultivation mode can produce 2-3 crops of lilies in the same year, more than double that of traditional ground planting. It completely changes the situation of cumbersome and costly crop rotation in traditional planting, gives more opportunities for crop arrangement, improves greenhouse utilization and crop rotation speed, and reduces crop rotation costs.

[0028] 3) Facilitates control of the substrate microenvironment within the box: Box cultivation allows for precise control of the substrate's nutrient composition and pH level, providing the optimal growth environment for the plants. It prevents extensive contact between soil and lily roots, reducing the risk of soil-borne diseases. Furthermore, the separation between planting boxes prevents the spread of most soil-borne pests and diseases, effectively controlling them. The incidence of diseases in box cultivation is reduced by approximately 20%, and the incidence of pests by approximately 30%. This reduces pesticide use, lowers labor intensity and production costs, and minimizes environmental pollution.

[0029] 4) Facilitates subsequent mechanized operations: Box cultivation greatly reduces space costs and improves the intensive and standardized use of land resources. The turnover boxes can be centrally managed and collected and delivered directly to the planting site via conveyor belt, enabling automated and intelligent management. This lays the foundation for the later realization of an integrated production, packaging, and harvesting line, greatly reducing manpower input. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Those skilled in the art should recognize that this embodiment is only used to illustrate the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any changes or modifications to the embodiment within the scope of the present invention are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A method for hydroponically cultivating double-flowered lily Salmansa in boxes includes the following steps:

[0033] Before proceeding to step S1, the lily bulbs need to be inspected. Bulbs without buds should be stored in a cold storage at -0.5 to -1.5°C, while bulbs with buds should be stored in a cold storage at 0 to 2°C. Bulbs with buds longer than 1cm need to be rooted promptly. The first batch of bulbs will root in early to mid-July, and the first flower will appear from late September to early to mid-October. Subsequent batches of bulbs will continue to root and be planted from the current year until late April of the following year.

[0034] S1, Bulb Removal and Planting: Remove the lily bulbs one by one from the storage box; first, fill the germination box (using an unused storage box) with at least 1.5cm of substrate, then arrange the bulbs orderly in the germination box with the buds facing upwards; fill the box with substrate, gently press down the sides to prevent the bulb surface from being exposed, level the surface substrate, and water thoroughly; the substrate should be pure peat moss with a particle size of 20-40mm; bulbs near the edge of the germination box should be placed at a 70-80° angle, slightly tilted towards the center of the germination box; when arranging the bulbs, they should be close together to avoid squeezing each other. An unused storage box can be used as the germination box.

[0035] During the bulb removal process, bulbs with mold on the surface need to be disinfected by soaking in a chemical solution. The chemical solution is a 500-fold dilution of mancozeb, and the soaking time is 20 minutes. After soaking, the bulbs are taken out and drained.

[0036] S2, Cold Storage Rooting: After the water has drained slightly, transfer the boxed lilies to the cold storage for rooting. Promoting germination at 12℃ takes 14 days. Transplant when the lily buds emerge from the substrate and three rings of stem roots are visible, or when the buds are 12-15cm long. If the lilies in the cold storage haven't sprouted yet, but the substrate is slightly dry, you can spray water on the substrate appropriately to replenish moisture, as a dry substrate makes germination difficult. The substrate used in the previous crop needs to be cleaned, mainly to remove excess salt. Then, disinfect the substrate with an 800-fold dilution of sodium dichloroisocyanurate to prevent residual nutrients and pathogens from the previous crop.

[0037] S3, Transplanting Preparation: Install cultivation boxes (temporary seedbeds made by arranging unused turnover boxes according to a set pattern inside a light-transmitting greenhouse; the turnover boxes are isolated from each other, ensuring no interference with their respective substrate microenvironments; the turnover boxes can be easily replaced or reassembled if production needs to be adjusted later). Place 162-196 turnover boxes per seedbed in the greenhouse, with each arch divided into 6 seedbeds, and each arch can hold 1176-1338 turnover boxes. Install an integrated water and fertilizer system above the cultivation boxes. Drip irrigation tubing; fill the cultivation box with pure peat moss substrate and level it to a height of 10-30cm; pull the germinated bulbs out of the rooting cold storage and place them in a cool place to adapt to the surrounding environment; remove the germinated bulbs one by one from the germination box and separate the germination substrate from the germination bulbs; during the removal of germination bulbs, germination bulbs with mold on the surface need to be disinfected by soaking in a 500-fold dilution of carbendazim solution for 15 minutes; after soaking, remove and drain the water.

[0038] For bulbs with a sprouting diameter of 14-16cm, 96 bulbs can be arranged per box during rooting, requiring approximately 12 cultivation boxes for transplanting into the greenhouse. For bulbs with a sprouting diameter of 16-18cm, 77 bulbs can be arranged per box, requiring approximately 12.8 cultivation boxes for transplanting into the greenhouse. For bulbs with a sprouting diameter of 18-20cm, 66 bulbs can be arranged per box, requiring approximately 11 cultivation boxes for transplanting into the greenhouse. The day before planting, according to the planting plan, remove the sprouted bulbs from the rooting cold storage and place them in a cool, shady place to acclimatize to the surrounding environment. After removing the sprouted bulbs, grade them, placing those with longer sprouts together and those with shorter sprouts together. When arranging, carefully place them flat in empty turnover boxes (to avoid further damage to the sprouts during transportation), with the sprouts facing inwards and the bulbs facing outwards, layer by layer, with the height of each box not exceeding 18cm.

[0039] S4, Transplanting germinated bulbs: Transplant the germinated bulbs into the cultivation substrate of the cultivation box, with the buds pointing vertically upwards. The planting depth is 15-20cm. When planting 6 bulbs per box, the plant spacing and row spacing are both 16.5cm. When planting 8 bulbs per box, the plant spacing is 13cm and the row spacing is 16cm. Water thoroughly.

[0040] Plant lilies with buds of similar length together, as planting lilies with buds of different lengths will affect the uniformity of flowering later. When planting, the buds should be close to the drip irrigation tape, not leaning to one side or the other, and definitely not planted at the edge of the seedbed. After planting, water immediately to help the roots establish, and continue watering until you can loosen the substrate by hand and there is no dry substrate at the bottom. This proves that the water has been thoroughly applied. Generally, water twice: once after planting and once again the next morning.

[0041] S5, Lily Growth Period Management: After the budding bulbs of Salmansa are planted, they gradually turn green and unfold their leaves. For seedlings with only callus tissue and sparse roots, apply a root-promoting solution evenly to promote root development. At this stage, watering is the main focus, with regular watering to maintain substrate moisture, but not too much (evaporation is low, and overly wet substrate can easily cause bulb rot). Maintain a daytime temperature of 20-25℃, a nighttime temperature of 15-18℃, a suitable soil temperature of 12-15℃, and an ambient humidity of 70%-75%. Shading is necessary to increase plant height. Later, the shade net should be removed appropriately according to the variety and plant growth. Generally, a three-needle shade net with a shading rate of about 70% and a net height of 2m is selected.

[0042] When the roots grow to 2-3 cm and form a three-ring root structure, the leaves are fully expanded. It is appropriate to apply seedling fertilizer at this time, ensuring the soil pH is between 6.0 and 7.0. For the first application, the fertilizer concentration (EC value) of the seedling fertilizer should be controlled at 1.2 mS / cm. For the second application, the EC value can be increased to 1.5 mS / cm to ensure adequate nutrient supply. When the plant height generally reaches 30 cm, apply calcium fertilizer once. At this time, the EC value should be maintained at 1.3 mS / cm to meet the plant's calcium requirements and promote its vigorous growth.

[0043] When lily plants reach a height of 15-30cm, flower netting is needed to support them and prevent them from falling over, thus ensuring the quality of the cut flowers. The netting typically uses 15cm*15cm plastic woven mesh.

[0044] During the bud differentiation and budding period of Salmansa lilies, drip irrigation with high-phosphorus fertilizer should be started to ensure that the EC value of the fertilizer is stable at 2.0 mS / cm in order to maintain a suitable soil nutrient environment.

[0045] When the plant reaches a height of 90cm, targeted fertilization should be carried out according to the condition of the leaves. If the leaves are thin and yellowish, apply high-phosphorus fertilizer manually and spray micronutrient fertilizer on the leaves in time. If iron deficiency spots appear on the leaves, apply micronutrient iron in time. If the leaves are yellowed due to magnesium deficiency, apply magnesium fertilizer to correct the nutritional imbalance. If the leaves are of moderate thickness and dark green, continue to apply high-phosphorus fertilizer.

[0046] Before the flower buds reach 4cm in length, apply high-phosphorus fertilizer and regularly check the roots and leaf tips to prevent fertilizer burn due to excessive salt. The recommended EC value is 2.0mS / cm in summer and 2.2mS / cm in winter. Once the flower buds reach 4cm and begin to show color until harvest, apply high-potassium fertilizer. The recommended EC value is 2.0mS / cm in summer and 2.2mS / cm in winter. Apply fertilizer in small amounts frequently, using a diluted solution.

[0047] S6, Harvesting: Harvest lily bulbs 80-100 days after planting, when the flower buds begin to show color, to obtain Salmansa lily cut flowers.

[0048] According to actual planting data, compared with traditional ground planting, the rooting and sprouting of *Lilium salsa* in Example 1 is shown in Table 1, and the production stage is shown in Table 2.

[0049] Table 1. Rooting and sprouting status of Salmansa lilies.

[0050] Rooting rate Rooting time Rooting status Bud formation Traditional ground planting 95％～99％ About two weeks Stem root layers: 1-2 layers 92%–99% budding Current methods 99％～100％ About two weeks Stem root layers: 3-4 layers 97%–100% budding

[0051] Table 2 Production Stages of Salmansa Lilies

[0052]

Claims

1. A method for soilless cultivation of double-flowered lily *Salmonella* in a box, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Bulb Removal and Planting: Remove the lily bulbs one by one from the turnover box; first, fill the germination box with a substrate at least 1.5cm thick, then arrange the bulbs in the germination box in an orderly manner with the buds facing upwards; fill the box with substrate, level the surface substrate, and water thoroughly; the substrate is pure peat moss with a particle size of 20-40mm. S2, Cold Storage Rooting: After the water has drained slightly, move the boxed lilies into the cold storage for rooting and promote germination at a temperature of 10-12℃ for 10-20 days. Transplant when the lily buds emerge from the substrate and three rings of stem roots can be observed, or when the buds are 12-15cm long. S3, Transplanting preparation: Install enough cultivation boxes, and set up water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipes above the cultivation boxes; fill the cultivation boxes with pure peat substrate and level it to a height of 10-30cm; pull the germinated bulbs out of the rooting cold storage and place them in a cool place to adapt to the surrounding environment; take out the germinated bulbs one by one from the germination box and separate the germination substrate from the germination bulbs. S4, Transplanting germinated bulbs: Transplant the germinated bulbs into the cultivation substrate in the cultivation box, with the buds pointing vertically upwards, at a planting depth of 15-20cm, controlling the plant spacing to 13-17cm and the row spacing to 15-17cm; water thoroughly. S5, Lily Growth Period Management: After transplanting germinated bulbs, maintain daytime temperatures of 20-25℃ and nighttime temperatures of 15-18℃. The suitable soil temperature is 12-15℃, and the ambient humidity is 70%-75%. When the roots grow to 2-3 cm and form a three-ring root structure, apply seedling fertilizer to ensure the soil pH is between 6.0 and 7.0; the concentration (EC) of the seedling fertilizer should be controlled at 1.2-1.5 mS / cm. When the plant height generally reaches 30 cm, apply calcium fertilizer once, with an EC concentration of 1.3-1.5 mS / cm. After the lily flower buds differentiate and bud, start drip irrigation with high-phosphorus fertilizer, with the EC concentration stabilized at 2.0-2.2 mS / cm. S6. Harvesting: Lily bulbs are harvested 90-140 days after transplanting and when the flower buds begin to show color, to obtain cut lily flowers.

2. The method for soilless cultivation of double-flowered lily Salmansa in a box according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before proceeding to step S1, the lily bulbs need to be inspected. Bulbs without buds need to be stored in a cold storage at -0.5 to -1.5°C, bulbs with buds need to be stored in a cold storage at 0 to 2°C, and bulbs with buds longer than 1 cm need to be arranged to develop roots in time.

3. The method for soilless cultivation of double-flowered lily Salmansa in a box according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the bulbs near the edge of the germination box are placed at a 70-80° angle, slightly tilted toward the center of the germination box.

4. The method for soilless cultivation of double-flowered lily Salmansa in a box according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the bulb removal process in step S1, bulbs with mold growth on their surface need to be disinfected by soaking in a chemical solution. The chemical solution is a 400-600 times diluted solution of mancozeb, and the soaking time is 10-25 minutes. After soaking, the bulbs are removed and drained.

5. The method for soilless cultivation of double-flowered lily Salmansa in a box according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the substrate used in the previous crop needs to be cleaned to remove excess salt. Then, the substrate is disinfected with a 500-1000 times dilution of sodium dichloroisocyanurate.

6. The method for soilless cultivation of double-flowered lily Salmansa in a box according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the process of removing the germinated bulbs in step S3, the germinated bulbs with mold on the surface need to be disinfected by soaking in a fungicide solution of 400 to 600 times dilution for 10 to 25 minutes. After soaking, the bulbs are taken out and drained.

7. The method for soilless cultivation of double-flowered lily Salmansa in a box according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, after planting, shading treatment is carried out, and a shade net with a shading rate of 60% to 75% is selected.

8. The method for soilless cultivation of double-flowered lily Salmansa in a box according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the plant reaches a height of 90cm, targeted fertilization should be carried out according to the condition of the leaves. If the leaves are thin and yellowish, apply high-phosphorus fertilizer and spray micronutrient fertilizer on the leaves in time. If iron deficiency spots appear on the leaves, spray iron fertilizer in time. If magnesium deficiency yellowing appears on the leaves, spray magnesium fertilizer to correct the nutritional imbalance. If the leaves are of moderate thickness and dark green, continue to use high-phosphorus fertilizer for drip irrigation.

9. The method for soilless cultivation of double-flowered lily Salmansa in a box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seedling fertilizer is at least one of water-soluble potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and borax; the calcium fertilizer is a chelated calcium fertilizer; and the high-phosphorus fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

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