Anti-glare low-e car film and car window thereof

Abstract

The application relates to an anti-dazzle Low-E car film and a car window thereof, and relates to the technical field of intelligent car films. The application provides a micro-nano structure with a nested ring design, solves the problem that the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of a conventional Low-E car window is relatively high, is not conducive to the penetration of GPS, ETC and mobile phone signals, leads to the weakening of signals of mobile devices in the car, and affects the navigation accuracy and communication quality. Meanwhile, the application divides a nested ring structure region and a non-etching region on the surface of the car film, and solves the problem of visual fatigue of a driver. The nested ring structure Low-E film with the nested ring structure region is selected in the microwave sunroof region at the periphery of the car window and behind the rearview mirror, the electromagnetic transmission performance is changed, the electromagnetic transmittance of the Low-E car film is realized, the remaining region of the car window is the uniform Low-E car film with the non-etching region, the car film is attached to the inner side of the car window, and the problem of visual fatigue of the driver is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent vehicle film technology. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of China's vigorous development of new energy vehicles, the high-quality development of new energy vehicle components is crucial. Since new energy vehicles are electrically driven, their energy utilization efficiency is paramount. The quality of energy management for the entire vehicle will significantly impact its driving range and ride comfort. Conventional car windows have a high heat transfer coefficient, and the low / high temperature air generated by the vehicle's air conditioning system is directly dissipated through the windows, resulting in high power consumption for cooling / heating. In recent years, the use of Low-E glass for car windows has effectively reduced air conditioning energy consumption by regulating the incident solar spectrum. Furthermore, the application of Low-E glass offers a series of advantages, including improved driving range, reduced UV radiation, and enhanced ride comfort. However, in my country's existing car market, most car windows do not have a Low-E coating. Replacing them with Low-E-coated windows is costly and time-consuming, raising the entry barrier for consumers and also limiting the development of the automotive industry.

[0003] Low-E window film, designed for automotive windows, is a vehicle modification option that can be applied to car windows to provide a similar effect to Low-E glass, at a much lower price than replacing the window glass. However, conventional Low-E window film shares the same problem as Low-E glass: due to the electromagnetic shielding properties of the film itself, it hinders the penetration of GPS, ETC, and mobile phone signals, resulting in weakened signals from mobile devices inside the car, affecting navigation accuracy and communication quality. Especially in recent years, as cars have increasingly become new types of intelligent mobile terminals, the demand for mobile communication from in-car smart devices has surged, bringing this problem to the public's attention. Therefore, the development of Low-E window film with enhanced mobile signal transmission is of great significance to the development of the domestic automotive aftermarket and has significant economic value.

[0004] By etching microstructures that enhance the transmission of mobile communication signals onto the entire surface of the Low-E automotive film, the transmission of communication signals can be effectively achieved. However, such Low-E automotive films with enhanced mobile communication signal transmission are micro / nano structures, with the microstructures on the micrometer scale. Therefore, they are prone to higher-order diffraction in the visible light band, leading to stray light spots. The human eye typically perceives images through primary-order diffraction. The superposition of higher-order diffraction and primary-order diffraction can easily cause ghosting, affecting the driver's ability to see the outside world. Prolonged viewing through this window can easily cause visual fatigue and other problems. Furthermore, when the ambient light intensity is high, the incident light source on the grid structure will cause the transmitted light to propagate along the higher-order diffraction direction, resulting in glare and affecting the driver's vision. Therefore, developing Low-E automotive films that enhance mobile signal transmission while also reducing glare is crucial. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention proposes a nested ring micro / nano structure, which solves the problem that conventional Low-E automotive windows, with their high electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, hinder the penetration of GPS, ETC, and mobile phone signals, leading to weakened signals from in-vehicle mobile devices and affecting navigation accuracy and communication quality. Simultaneously, by dividing the film surface into nested ring structure areas and non-etched areas, this invention addresses the issue of driver visual fatigue. Ultimately, it presents an anti-glare Low-E automotive film and window.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides an anti-glare Low-E automotive film, the film comprising a flexible base layer, a 5G anti-reflective Low-E layer, and an optical adhesive layer;

[0008] The 5G anti-reflection Low-E layer includes a nested ring structure region and a non-etched region;

[0009] The nested ring structure region is a nested ring structure Low-E film;

[0010] The nested ring structure Low-E film is composed of an array of multiple ring structure units, and each ring structure unit is interconnected.

[0011] The non-etched area is a uniform Low-E thin film;

[0012] Both the nested ring Low-E film and the uniform Low-E film are covered on the flexible substrate, and the optical adhesive layer is covered on the nested ring Low-E film and the uniform Low-E film.

[0013] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the aforementioned ring structure unit is a circular ring, an equilateral triangle, a rectangle, or a regular polygon, and the regular polygon has at least 4 sides;

[0014] When the ring structure unit is a circular ring, the ratio of the outer diameter of the circular ring to the width of the adjacent gaps in the array is ≥1, so that each ring structure unit is interconnected.

[0015] When the ring structure unit is an equilateral triangle, the ratio of the side length of the triangle to the width of the adjacent gaps in the array is ≥1, so that each ring structure unit is interconnected.

[0016] When the ring structure unit is rectangular, the ratio of the length or width of the rectangle to the width of the adjacent gap in the array is ≥1, so that each ring structure unit is interconnected.

[0017] When the ring structure unit is a regular polygon and the number of sides of the regular polygon is even, the ratio of the diameter of the circumcircle of the ring structure unit to the width of the adjacent gap in the array is ≥1, and the ring structure units are interconnected.

[0018] When the ring structure unit is a regular polygon and the number of sides of the regular polygon is odd, the width ratio of the line connecting any vertex of the regular polygon to the farthest symmetrical position to it to the width of the adjacent gap in the array is ≥1, so that each ring structure unit is interconnected.

[0019] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the outer diameter c of the aforementioned ring is 0.1-150 mm, and the width a of the adjacent gaps in the array is 0.1-50 mm.

[0020] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the line width w of the aforementioned ring is 1μm-3mm.

[0021] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the surface resistivity of the nested ring structure Low-E film ranges from 0.001Ω / sq to 30Ω / sq, and the thickness of the nested ring structure Low-E film ranges from 5nm to 3μm.

[0022] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the aforementioned flexible substrate layer is 100μm-3mm;

[0023] The thickness of the optical adhesive layer is 10μm-2mm;

[0024] The thickness of the Low-E film ranges from 20 nm to 5 μm.

[0025] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the optical adhesive layer is made of any one of silicone rubber, acrylic resin, unsaturated polyester, polyurethane, or epoxy resin.

[0026] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the material of the aforementioned 5G antireflection Low-E layer is any one or a combination of several of ITO, Ag, In2O3, CdO, SnO2, ZnO, TiO2 and Si3N4.

[0027] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the aforementioned flexible substrate layer is made of optically transparent flexible materials such as PVA, PET, PVC, PDMS, PI, PEN, PU, ​​or TPC.

[0028] The present invention also provides a car window based on an anti-glare Low-E car film as described in any one of the above, wherein a nested ring structure Low-E film is selected in the area around the car window and in the microwave sunroof area behind the rearview mirror, and the remaining area of ​​the car window is a uniform Low-E car film in the non-etched area, and the car film is applied to the inside of the car window.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0030] 1. This invention provides an anti-glare Low-E automotive film. By dividing the film surface into a nested ring structure area and a non-etched area, the nested ring structure area, featuring a micro-nano structure with a nested ring design, solves the problem that conventional Low-E windows, with their high electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, hinder the penetration of GPS, ETC, and mobile phone signals, leading to weakened signals from in-vehicle mobile devices and affecting navigation accuracy and communication quality. The non-etched area, serving as the driver's visual window, addresses the issue of driver visual fatigue.

[0031] Furthermore, in the non-etched region described in this invention, a uniform Low-E thin film is coated onto a flexible substrate, resulting in a conductive coating with an ultraviolet cutoff of around 300 nm and high transparency in the visible light band. This effectively reflects infrared light while protecting against ultraviolet light. Further coating the uniform Low-E thin film with an optical adhesive layer reduces light scattering at the interface. Simultaneously, the Low-E grid coating improves the surface roughness of the film, further reducing light scattering and effectively ensuring clarity of observation through this structure.

[0032] Furthermore, the nested ring structure Low-E thin film of this invention is an invention that overcomes the biases of the prior art:

[0033] This invention breaks with the conventional approach of setting the electromagnetic wave transmission area as a ring, with the outer diameter W2 of the ring being smaller than the length W1 of one side. That is, the outer diameter of the ring must be smaller than the width of the adjacent gaps to achieve electromagnetic transmission. However, the design of the electromagnetic transmission area in this invention is different from the prior art. The outer diameter of the ring is set to be greater than or equal to the width of the adjacent gaps, so that each ring structure unit is interconnected, and the electromagnetic transmission performance changes dramatically, resulting in better electromagnetic transmission. Therefore, it overcomes the bias of the prior art.

[0034] 2. This invention provides a vehicle window that utilizes a nested ring structure Low-E film in the microwave sunroof area around the window and behind the rearview mirror. This results in a significant change in electromagnetic transmission performance, achieving electromagnetic permeability of the Low-E film. This facilitates the penetration of GPS, ETC, and mobile phone signals, improving navigation accuracy and communication quality. The remaining areas of the window are covered by a uniform, non-etched Low-E film. This film, applied to the inside of the window, effectively ensures clarity of observation through this structure and avoids higher-order diffraction caused by the microstructure film covering the entire window, which could lead to unclear imaging and driver fatigue.

[0035] This invention is applicable to the field of smart car films. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an anti-glare Low-E automotive film according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the nested ring structure Low-E thin film in the nested ring structure region described in this invention;

[0038] Figure 3 These are schematic diagrams of vehicle film structures with different ratios of the outer diameter c of the circular ring to the width a of the adjacent gaps, as described in this invention. Figure (a) shows a schematic diagram of a vehicle film structure with c / a = 0.5, Figure (b) shows a schematic diagram of a vehicle film structure with c / a = 1, and Figure (c) shows... Figure (d) is a schematic diagram of the car membrane structure when c / a = 2.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the variation of the transmittance of the annular structure car film with an adjacent gap width of a = 3 mm as described in this invention at 4 GHz with the c / a parameter.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a surface current distribution diagram of the annular structure with c / a = 0.5 described in this invention;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a surface current distribution diagram of the annular structure with c / a = 1.03 described in this invention;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the nested triangular Low-E thin film in the nested ring structure region described in this invention;

[0043] Figure 8 These are schematic diagrams of vehicle film structures with different ratios of the triangle side length c to the width a of the adjacent gaps, as described in this invention. Figure (a) is a schematic diagram of a vehicle film structure with c / a = 0.5, Figure (b) is a schematic diagram of a vehicle film structure with c / a = 1, and Figure (c) is a schematic diagram of a vehicle film structure with c / a = 2.

[0044] Figure 9 This is a graph showing the variation of the transmittance of the triangular structure car film with an adjacent gap width of a = 3 mm as described in this invention at 4 GHz with the c / a parameter.

[0045] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the nested square ring structure Low-E thin film in the nested ring structure region described in this invention;

[0046] Figure 11 These are schematic diagrams of vehicle film structures with different ratios of the square ring side length c to the width a of the adjacent gaps, as described in this invention. Figure (a) shows a schematic diagram of the vehicle film structure with c / a = 0.5, and Figure (b) shows... A schematic diagram of the car membrane structure, Figure (c) is Figure (d) is a schematic diagram of the car membrane structure when c / a = 2.

[0047] Figure 12 This is a graph showing the variation of the transmittance of the square ring structure car film with an adjacent gap width of a = 3 mm as described in this invention at 4 GHz with the c / a parameter.

[0048] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the Low-E thin film structure of the nested square ring structure rotated 60° as described in this invention;

[0049] Figure 14 These are schematic diagrams of car film structures with different ratios of the side length c of the square ring structure rotated 60° and the width a of the adjacent gap, as described in this invention. Figure (a) shows a schematic diagram of the car film structure with c / a = 0.5, and Figure (b) shows... A schematic diagram of the car membrane structure, Figure (c) is Figure (d) is a schematic diagram of the car membrane structure when c / a = 2.

[0050] Figure 15 This is a graph showing the variation of the transmittance of the rotating square ring structure film with an adjacent gap width of a = 3 mm as described in this invention at 4 GHz as a function of the c / a parameter.

[0051] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the nested pentagonal Low-E thin film in the nested ring structure region described in this invention;

[0052] Figure 17 These are schematic diagrams of vehicle film structures with different ratios of the pentagonal side length c to the width a of the adjacent gaps, as described in this invention. Figure (a) is a schematic diagram of a vehicle film structure with c / a = 0.25, Figure (b) is a schematic diagram of a vehicle film structure with c / a = 0.5, and Figure (c) is a schematic diagram of a vehicle film structure with c / a = 1.

[0053] Figure 18 This is a graph showing the variation of the transmittance of the pentagonal structure car film with an adjacent gap width of a = 3 mm as described in this invention at 4 GHz with the c / a parameter.

[0054] In this context, 1 represents the optical adhesive layer, 2 represents the 5G anti-reflection Low-E layer, and 3 represents the flexible substrate layer. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0056] Implementation Method 1, see [link] Figure 1 This embodiment describes an anti-glare Low-E automotive film designed to address the issue that conventional Low-E windows, with their high electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, hinder the penetration of GPS, ETC, and mobile phone signals, leading to weakened signals from in-vehicle mobile devices and impacting navigation accuracy and communication quality. Furthermore, this embodiment addresses driver visual fatigue by dividing the film surface into nested ring structure areas and non-etched areas.

[0057] An anti-glare Low-E automotive film includes a flexible base layer 3, a 5G anti-reflective Low-E layer 2, and an optical adhesive layer 1;

[0058] The 5G anti-reflection Low-E layer includes a nested ring structure region and a non-etched region;

[0059] The nested ring structure region is a nested ring structure Low-E film;

[0060] The nested ring structure Low-E film is composed of an array of multiple ring structure units, and each ring structure unit is interconnected.

[0061] The non-etched area is a uniform Low-E thin film;

[0062] Both the nested ring Low-E film and the uniform Low-E film are covered on the flexible substrate, and the optical adhesive layer is covered on the nested ring Low-E film and the uniform Low-E film.

[0063] In practical applications, this implementation method, such as Figure 1 As shown, the 5G anti-reflection Low-E layer 2 includes a nested ring structure region and a non-etched region. The nested ring structure region uses a nested ring structure Low-E film, which is a nested ring structure Low-E film covering a flexible substrate layer, and an optical adhesive layer covering the nested ring structure Low-E film. The nested ring structure Low-E film is composed of multiple ring structure units arranged in an array, and each ring structure unit is interconnected. This causes a jump in electromagnetic transmission performance, that is, from strong electromagnetic shielding to electromagnetic transmission, realizing the electromagnetic permeability of the Low-E automotive film, which is beneficial for the penetration of GPS, ETC, and mobile phone signals, improving navigation accuracy and communication quality.

[0064] Furthermore, the Low-E film has an ultraviolet cutoff limit of around 300nm and exhibits high transparency in the visible light band, thereby effectively reflecting infrared rays while protecting against ultraviolet rays.

[0065] Preferably, the surface resistivity of the nested ring structure Low-E film ranges from 0.001Ω / sq to 30Ω / sq, and the thickness of the nested ring structure Low-E film ranges from 5nm to 3μm. When the conductive film is within this range, the loss performance is weaker, and it is easier to achieve wideband electromagnetic transmission performance.

[0066] Furthermore, the ring structure unit can be a circular ring, an equilateral triangle, a rectangle, or a regular polygon, and the regular polygon has at least 4 sides.

[0067] Preferably, when the ring structure unit is a circular ring, the ratio of the outer diameter of the circular ring to the width of the adjacent gaps in the array is ≥1, that is, the ratio of the outer diameter of the circular ring to the distance between the centers of the adjacent gaps in the array is ≥1, so that each ring structure unit is interconnected, thereby increasing the electromagnetic transmission effect.

[0068] Preferably, when the ring structure unit is an equilateral triangle, the ratio of the side length of the triangle to the width of the adjacent gaps in the array is ≥1, that is, the ratio of the side length of the triangle to the distance between the centers of the adjacent gaps in the array is ≥1, so that each ring structure unit is interconnected, thereby increasing the electromagnetic transmission effect.

[0069] Preferably, when the ring structure unit is rectangular, the ratio of the length or width of the rectangle to the width of the adjacent gaps in the array is ≥1. That is, when the matrix is ​​placed horizontally, the ratio of the length of the rectangle to the distance between the centers of the adjacent gaps in the array is ≥1, so that each ring structure unit is interconnected; when the rectangle is placed vertically, the ratio of the width of the rectangle to the distance between the centers of the adjacent gaps in the array is ≥1, so that each ring structure unit is interconnected, thereby increasing the electromagnetic transmission effect.

[0070] Preferably, when the ring structure unit is a regular polygon and the number of sides of the regular polygon is even, the ratio of the diameter of the circumcircle of the ring structure unit to the width of the adjacent gap in the array is ≥1, and the ring structure units are interconnected; that is, the ratio of the diameter of the circumcircle of the ring structure unit to the distance between the centers of the adjacent gaps in the array is ≥1, and the ring structure units are interconnected to increase the electromagnetic transmission effect.

[0071] Preferably, when the number of sides of the regular polygon is odd, the ratio of the width of the line connecting any vertex of the regular polygon to its farthest symmetrical position to the width of the adjacent gap in the array is ≥1. That is, the ratio of the distance between the line connecting any vertex of the regular polygon to its farthest symmetrical position to the center of the adjacent gap in the array is ≥1, so that each ring structure unit is interconnected, thereby increasing the electromagnetic transmission effect.

[0072] The non-etched areas consist of a uniform Low-E thin film, which is coated onto a flexible substrate. An optical adhesive layer is then applied over this uniform Low-E film, resulting in a conductive coating with an ultraviolet cutoff of around 300 nm and high transparency in the visible light band. This effectively reflects infrared light while protecting against ultraviolet rays. Further coating the uniform Low-E film with an optical adhesive layer reduces light scattering at the interface. Simultaneously, the Low-E grid covering the adhesive layer improves the surface roughness of the film, further reducing light scattering. This effectively ensures the clarity of observation through this structure. It avoids the higher-order diffraction issues that arise from the microstructures used in existing technologies, which can lead to unclear imaging and driver fatigue.

[0073] Furthermore, preferably, the non-etched area film can also be implemented using another method: multiple uniform Low-E films are uniformly coated on a flexible substrate at equal intervals, and an optical adhesive layer is then applied over these uniform Low-E films. Since the conductive layer formed by these uniform Low-E films on the flexible substrate forms a grid structure, the grid structure exhibits high haze due to the concentration of higher-order diffraction from the microstructure. Analysis of this embodiment shows that this phenomenon is mainly due to the significant difference in refractive index between the Low-E film and air. The refractive index of the optical adhesive layer is closer to that of the Low-E film than that of air. Therefore, this embodiment reduces light scattering at the interface by filling the gaps between the Low-E films with the optical adhesive layer. Simultaneously, the optical adhesive layer covering the Low-E grid improves the surface roughness of the film, further reducing light scattering. This effectively ensures the clarity of observation through this structure.

[0074] Preferably, the side length of the Low-E thin film layer is 0.1 mm to 30 mm, and the gap width between adjacent structural units is 0.001 mm to 1 mm.

[0075] Implementation Method 2, see below Figures 2 to 6 This embodiment is described by way of example, illustrating the ring structure unit in the nested ring structure transparent conductive film described in Embodiment 1.

[0076] When the ring structure unit is a circular ring:

[0077] Specifically, multiple circular rings are arranged in an array on a flexible substrate, forming a shape resembling... Figure 2 The nested ring structure Low-E film shown has an outer diameter c of the ring and a width a of the adjacent gaps in the array that is ≥1, which causes the electromagnetic shielding to change into electromagnetic transmission. This phenomenon is due to the fact that when the outer diameter c of the ring is greater than or equal to the width a of the adjacent gaps, the grooves of the structure are interconnected, resulting in an anti-transmission effect on electromagnetic waves.

[0078] Preferably, if the outer diameter c of the annulus is too small, the film's fill rate will be too low, failing to guarantee the energy-saving effect. Therefore, the outer diameter c of the annulus is in the range of 0.1-150 mm. The width a of adjacent gaps in the array is 0.1-50 mm.

[0079] Preferably, the linewidth w of the ring ranges from 1 μm to 3 mm. When the processing accuracy is close to 1 micrometer, the impact of the gaps in the film layer on vision is almost negligible. However, when the structural linewidth is less than 1 μm, it matches the wavelength of visible light, resulting in a glare effect. Considering the actual processing accuracy and visual requirements, the linewidth can be increased to 3 mm, but should not be increased further.

[0080] Furthermore, simulation results were used to verify the performance of the nested ring structure Low-E thin film; the transmission performance of different ring structures was studied using full-wave simulation, and the results of different ring structures, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the simulation results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, from Figure 4 As can be seen, as c / a increases from 0.5 to 3, the transmittance of the structure changes from -30dB to 0dB. Notably, when c / a changes from 0.9 to 1, the electromagnetic transmission performance undergoes a jump, from -12dB at c / a = 0.9 to -0.78dB at c / a = 1. This represents a shift from strong electromagnetic shielding to electromagnetic transmission. This jump is due to the interconnectedness of the grooves in the structure when the outer diameter c of the ring is greater than or equal to the width a of adjacent gaps, resulting in increased electromagnetic wave transmission. When the c / a value further increases, the transmittance stabilizes below -1dB. In other words, when c / a is greater than or equal to 1, the structure still maintains electromagnetic transmission characteristics. Simultaneously, due to the narrow gaps in the structure, the overall fill rate of the thin film is ensured, thus the structure exhibits low-E characteristics, effectively achieving energy savings.

[0081] Furthermore, this embodiment also illustrates the working principle of the nested ring structure Low-E thin film by analyzing the surface current distribution of structures with different c / a parameters when a 4GHz electromagnetic wave is incident. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, from Figure 5 As can be seen, when c / a = 0.5, a strong resonant current appears around the ring when a plane wave is incident. The directional flow of this strong current causes the electromagnetic wave to be radiated secondaryly. In other words, the electromagnetic wave is reflected and cannot pass through the structure. From... Figure 6 As can be seen, when c / a = 1.03, which is slightly greater than when c / a = 1, the surface current of the structure is very weak. This indicates that the structure has a weak response under plane wave incidence, thus achieving electromagnetic transmission performance. This electromagnetic anti-reflection performance, achieved by reducing surface current, is accomplished through the interconnection of unit structures.

[0082] Implementation Method 3, see below Figures 7 to 9 This embodiment is described by way of example, illustrating the ring structure unit in the nested ring structure transparent conductive film described in Embodiment 1.

[0083] When the ring structure unit is an equilateral triangle:

[0084] Specifically, multiple triangles are arranged in an array on a flexible substrate, forming a shape resembling... Figure 7 The nested triangular Low-E thin film shown has a ratio of triangle side length c to the width a of adjacent slots in the array that is ≥1, which causes the strong electromagnetic shielding to be transformed into electromagnetic transmission. This phenomenon is due to the fact that when the triangle side length c is greater than or equal to the width a of adjacent slots, the grooves of the structure are interconnected, resulting in an enhanced electromagnetic wave transmission effect.

[0085] Furthermore, simulation results were used to verify the performance of the nested triangular Low-E thin film; full-wave simulation was employed to study the transmission performance of different ring structures, and different triangular structures, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the simulation results are as follows: Figure 9 As shown, from Figure 9 As can be seen, as c / a increases from 0.5 to 3, the transmittance of the structure changes from -30dB to 0dB. Notably, when c / a changes from 0.9 to 1, the electromagnetic transmission performance undergoes a jump, from -13dB at c / a = 0.9 to -0.5dB at c / a = 1. This represents a shift from strong electromagnetic shielding to electromagnetic transmission. This jump is due to the interconnectedness of the grooves in the structure when the side length c of the triangle is greater than or equal to the width a of adjacent gaps, resulting in an enhanced electromagnetic wave transmission effect. When the c / a value further increases, the transmittance stabilizes below -1dB. In other words, when c / a is greater than or equal to 1, the structure still maintains its electromagnetic transmission characteristics. Simultaneously, due to the narrow gaps in the structure, the overall fill rate of the thin film is ensured, thus the structure exhibits low-E characteristics, effectively achieving energy savings.

[0086] Implementation Method Four, see below Figures 10 to 15 This embodiment is described by way of example, illustrating the ring structure unit in the nested ring structure transparent conductive film described in Embodiment 1.

[0087] When the ring structure unit is a square ring:

[0088] Specifically, multiple square rings are arranged in an array on a flexible substrate, forming a shape resembling... Figure 10The nested square ring structure transparent Low-E film shown has a ratio of ≥1 between the outer diameter c of the square ring and the width a of the adjacent gaps in the array, which transforms strong electromagnetic shielding into electromagnetic transmission. This phenomenon is due to the fact that when the outer diameter c of the ring is greater than or equal to the width a of the adjacent gaps, the grooves of the structure are interconnected, resulting in an enhanced electromagnetic wave transmission effect.

[0089] Furthermore, simulation results are used to verify the Low-E thin film with a nested square ring structure. Full-wave simulation is employed to study the transmission performance of different square ring structures. For ease of simulation and description, 'c' in this embodiment represents the side length of the square ring. The diameter of the circumscribed circle of the square ring can be obtained from the side length. Different square ring structures are shown below. Figure 11 As shown, the simulation results are as follows: Figure 12 As shown, from Figure 12 As can be seen, the transmittance of the structure changes from -30dB to 0dB as c / a increases from 0.5 to 3. This is especially true when c / a ≥ 3. When the ratio of the circumcircle diameter of the square ring to the width of the adjacent gaps in the array is ≥1, the square ring structures are interconnected, thus achieving an electromagnetic transmittance close to 0. Furthermore, to verify that the rotation direction does not affect the electromagnetic transmittance of the square structure, the square structure is rotated by 60°, forming a structure as shown... Figure 13 The nested square ring structure Low-E thin film shown was also studied using full-wave simulation to investigate the transmission performance of different square ring structures, such as... Figure 14 As shown, the simulation results are as follows: Figure 15 As shown, from Figure 15 As can be seen, the structure also has a similar effect. When (The ratio of the circumcircle diameter of the square ring to the width of the adjacent gaps in the array) When the square ring structures are interconnected, an electromagnetic transmittance close to 0 is achieved.

[0090] Implementation Method 5, see below Figures 16 to 18 This embodiment is described by way of example, illustrating the ring structure unit in the nested ring structure transparent conductive film described in Embodiment 1.

[0091] When the ring structure unit is a regular polygon and the number of sides of the regular polygon is odd, the example is given when the ring structure unit is a pentagon.

[0092] Specifically, multiple pentagons are arranged in an array on a flexible substrate, forming a shape resembling... Figure 16 The nested pentagonal Low-E thin film shown has a width ratio ≥1 between the line connecting any vertex of the pentagon to its farthest symmetrical position and the width of the adjacent slots in the array. This transforms the strong electromagnetic shielding into electromagnetic transmission. This phenomenon is due to the interconnected grooves of the structure, which leads to the anti-transmission effect on electromagnetic waves.

[0093] Furthermore, the transmission performance of different square ring structures is studied using full-wave simulation. For ease of simulation and description, c in this embodiment is the side length of the pentagon. The length of the line connecting any vertex of the pentagon to its farthest symmetrical position can be obtained from the side length of the pentagon. Different pentagonal structures are as follows: Figure 17 As shown, the simulation results are as follows: Figure 18 As shown, from Figure 18 As can be seen, as c / a increases from 0.5 to 3, the transmittance of the structure changes from -30dB to 0dB. In particular, when c / a ≥ 0.5 (the ratio of the length of the line connecting any vertex of the pentagon to its farthest symmetrical position to the width of the adjacent gap ≥ 0.81 / 0.5), the pentagonal structures are interconnected, thus achieving an electromagnetic transmittance close to 0.

[0094] Implementation Method Six: This implementation method illustrates the thickness of the optical adhesive layer, Low-E film, and flexible substrate layer in the anti-glare Low-E automotive film described in Implementation Method One.

[0095] The thickness of the optical adhesive layer is 10μm-2mm;

[0096] The thickness of the Low-E film is 20nm-5μm;

[0097] The thickness of the flexible substrate is 100μm-3mm;

[0098] In practical applications, changes in the thickness of the optical adhesive layer and the flexible substrate layer can affect the visible light transmittance of the structure. Specifically, the thickness of the Low-E film layer significantly impacts both infrared low-emissivity performance and visible light transmittance. Generally, a higher Low-E film layer thickness results in lower visible light transmittance and better infrared low-emissivity performance. Based on energy calculations, different regions have varying requirements for visible light transmittance and infrared low-emissivity performance. Therefore, this embodiment sets the thickness of the Low-E film to 20nm-5μm and the thickness of the flexible substrate layer to 100μm-3mm; this allows for control of optical performance by adjusting the thickness of the Low-E film layer.

[0099] Implementation Method Seven: This implementation method is an example of the material of the optical adhesive layer in the anti-glare Low-E automotive film described in Implementation Method One;

[0100] The optical adhesive layer is made of any one of silicone rubber, acrylic resin, unsaturated polyester, polyurethane or epoxy resin.

[0101] In practical applications, this embodiment uses any one of silicone rubber, acrylic resin, unsaturated polyester, polyurethane, or epoxy resin as an optical adhesive layer, which is then applied over the Low-E layer to reduce light scattering at the interface. Simultaneously, the adhesive layer covering the Low-E grid improves the surface roughness of the film, further reducing light scattering. This effectively ensures the clarity of observation through this structure.

[0102] Implementation Method 8: This implementation method provides an example of the materials used in the 5G anti-reflection Low-E layer described in Implementation Method 1.

[0103] The 5G antireflection Low-E layer uses any one or a combination of several of the following: ITO, Ag, In2O3, CdO, SnO2, ZnO, TiO2, and Si3N4.

[0104] In practical applications, this embodiment utilizes any one or a combination of several of ITO, Ag, In2O3, CdO, SnO2, ZnO, TiO2, and Si3N4 to create a 5G antireflection Low-E layer. This layer, consisting of nested ring structure Low-E films and uniform Low-E films, allows the formed conductive coating to achieve an ultraviolet cutoff limit around 300nm while exhibiting high transparency in the visible light band. This effectively reflects infrared radiation while simultaneously protecting against ultraviolet rays.

[0105] Implementation Method Nine: This implementation method provides an example of the material used for the flexible substrate layer described in Implementation Method One.

[0106] The flexible substrate layer is made of optically transparent flexible materials such as PVA, PET, PVC, PDMS, PI, PEN, PU or TPC.

[0107] Implementation Method 10: This implementation method provides a vehicle window in which a nested ring structure Low-E film is used in the area around the window and the microwave sunroof area behind the rearview mirror, while the remaining area of ​​the window is a uniform Low-E film in the non-etched area. The film is applied to the inside of the window.

[0108] In practical applications, the microwave sunroof area is typically located behind the upper rearview mirror of the windshield. This area is usually 120mm long and 70mm wide, and is specifically designed for automotive electronic tags, including ETC tags and automated parking lot tags. The microwave sunroof area is used for signal communication; therefore, a nested ring structure Low-E film is used in the microwave sunroof area around the window and behind the rearview mirror to allow communication signals to pass through without being blocked by rain sensors, lane departure warning devices, or other supports. The remaining areas of the window are covered with a uniform Low-E film in non-etched areas. These non-etched areas serve as the driver's visual window, addressing the issue of driver fatigue.

[0109] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anti-glare Low-E vehicle film, characterized in that, The vehicle film includes a flexible base layer, a 5G anti-reflective Low-E layer, and an optical adhesive layer; The 5G anti-reflection Low-E layer includes a nested ring structure region and a non-etched region; The nested ring structure region is a nested ring structure Low-E film; The nested ring structure Low-E film is composed of an array of multiple ring structure units, and each ring structure unit is interconnected. The non-etched area is a uniform Low-E thin film; Both the nested ring Low-E film and the uniform Low-E film are covered on the flexible substrate layer, and the optical adhesive layer is covered on the nested ring Low-E film and the uniform Low-E film. The ring structure unit is a circular ring, an equilateral triangle, a rectangle, or a regular polygon, and the regular polygon has at least 4 sides; When the ring structure unit is a circular ring, the ratio of the outer diameter of the circular ring to the width of the adjacent gaps in the array is ≥1, so that each ring structure unit is interconnected. When the ring structure unit is an equilateral triangle, the ratio of the side length of the triangle to the width of the adjacent gaps in the array is ≥1, so that each ring structure unit is interconnected. When the ring structure unit is rectangular, the ratio of the length or width of the rectangle to the width of the adjacent gap in the array is ≥1, so that each ring structure unit is interconnected. When the ring structure unit is a regular polygon and the number of sides of the regular polygon is even, the ratio of the diameter of the circumcircle of the ring structure unit to the width of the adjacent gap in the array is ≥1, and the ring structure units are interconnected. When the ring structure unit is a regular polygon and the number of sides of the regular polygon is odd, the width ratio of the line connecting any vertex of the regular polygon to the symmetrical position farthest from it to the width of the adjacent gap in the array is ≥1, so that each ring structure unit is interconnected. Furthermore, a nested ring structure Low-E film is used around the windows and in the microwave sunroof area behind the rearview mirrors, while the rest of the windows use a uniform Low-E film in the non-etched areas. The film is applied to the inside of the windows. The optical adhesive layer is made of any one of silicone rubber, acrylic resin, unsaturated polyester, polyurethane or epoxy resin.

2. The anti-glare Low-E car film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer diameter c of the ring is 0.1-150mm, and the width a of the adjacent gaps in the array is 0.1-50mm.

3. The anti-glare Low-E car film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linewidth w of the ring is 1μm-3mm.

4. The anti-glare Low-E car film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface resistivity of the nested ring structure Low-E thin film ranges from 0.001Ω / sq to 30Ω / sq, and the thickness of the nested ring structure Low-E thin film ranges from 5nm to 3μm.

5. The anti-glare Low-E car film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the flexible substrate layer is 100μm-3mm; The thickness of the optical adhesive layer is 10μm-2mm; The thickness of the Low-E film ranges from 20 nm to 5 μm.

6. The anti-glare Low-E car film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 5G antireflection Low-E layer is made of any one or a combination of several of the following: ITO, Ag, In2O3, CdO, SnO2, ZnO, TiO2, and Si3N4.

7. The anti-glare Low-E car film according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible substrate layer is made of optically transparent flexible materials such as PVA, PET, PVC, PDMS, PI, PEN, PU or TPC.

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