Solar and wind energy based tunnel anti-freezing and warming system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a solar and wind energy temperature increasing and paving system and method for preventing freezing damage of a tunnel in a cold region, and relates to the field of tunnel construction. The system comprises a solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, a solar stove, a paving pulley device and a heating cable pipeline. The solar stove is connected with the heating cable pipeline of a tunnel entrance section. The heating cable pipeline is laid on a tunnel center ditch and a tunnel secondary lining surface. The solar power generation device and the wind power generation device are located outside the tunnel entrance section and provide electric energy for an electric power source in the tunnel respectively. The paving pulley device is embedded in the tunnel secondary lining surface. The paving pulley device can drive the heating cable pipeline on the tunnel secondary lining surface to move along the tunnel longitudinal direction. The application can make full use of clean energy in the cold region, has high heating efficiency and good heat preservation effect, has simple device structure, can automatically adjust the heating power according to the environmental temperature, does not need manual attendance, can completely solve the freezing damage problem of the tunnel in the cold region, enhances the durability of the tunnel structure, and guarantees driving safety.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cold region tunnel anti-freezing, in particular to a solar and wind energy warming and paving system and method for cold region tunnel anti-freezing. BACKGROUND

[0002] More and more tunnel projects are built in cold regions, which are widely distributed in high latitude and high altitude areas. The freeze-thaw action in engineering construction and operation will cause diseases such as lining freeze damage and expansion cracking, arch top icing, drainage system freezing, ballast icing and expansion cracking, and side wall icing cracking, which will cause serious damage to the tunnel structure, greatly shorten its service life. In addition, if the water icing on the lining structure is not solved in time, the ice column and ice cone will also invade the tunnel limit, combined with the spalling caused by expansion cracking and ballast damage, which will bring major safety hazards to driving and personnel in the tunnel.

[0003] In order to improve the anti-freezing and heat preservation ability of cold region tunnels and reduce the engineering disease problems caused by freeze-thaw cycle, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a lot of research work. The conventional tunnel freeze damage prevention and control technology can be divided into passive prevention and control and active prevention and control. The passive prevention and control measures mainly include setting cold prevention and heat preservation doors, laying heat preservation and insulation layers, etc., and the active prevention and control measures include electric heating method, ground source heat pump method, air curtain heat preservation method, etc. The current cold region tunnel freeze damage prevention and control measures mainly adopt passive prevention and control, which has complex construction process, large cost investment and high maintenance cost. The electric heating method in the active prevention and control measures converts electric energy into heat energy through electric heating wire, which is transmitted to the heated body to achieve the heating and heat preservation effect required by the system. Through heat dissipation, the tunnel waterproof and drainage system is always maintained in a positive temperature state, so as to achieve the purpose of tunnel cold prevention. However, this method consumes more energy, especially when the tunnel length is longer, the electric heating system for tunnel cold prevention will consume more electric energy. In addition, the tunnel entrance is connected with the external environment, and the electric heating system is slow in warming up the tunnel entrance, which easily leads to freeze damage at the tunnel entrance. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a solar and wind energy warming and paving system and method for cold region tunnel anti-freezing, which can completely solve the problem of cold region tunnel freeze damage and ensure the normal operation of the tunnel.

[0005] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect of the present application, a solar and wind energy tunnel anti-freezing and warming system is provided, comprising a solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, a solar stove, a hanging and paving pulley device, and a heating cable pipeline; the solar stove is connected with the heating cable pipeline of the tunnel entrance section; the heating cable pipeline is laid in the tunnel center ditch and the tunnel secondary lining surface; the solar power generation device and the wind power generation device are located outside the tunnel entrance section and provide electric energy for the tunnel power supply; the hanging and paving pulley device is embedded in the tunnel secondary lining surface, and the hanging and paving pulley device can drive the heating cable pipeline on the tunnel secondary lining surface to move along the tunnel longitudinal direction.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present application, the heating cable pipeline at the tunnel center ditch is laid along the tunnel longitudinal direction, the heating cable pipeline at the tunnel secondary lining surface is laid between the tunnel secondary lining and the thermal insulation layer, and is laid along the tunnel circumferential direction and distributed in an S shape.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present application, the heating cable pipelines at the tunnel center ditch and the tunnel secondary lining surface are connected with the power supply in the tunnel, and the power supply is internally provided with an NTC thermistor.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present application, the heating cable pipeline comprises, from inside to outside, a heating copper wire, an insulating material magnesium oxide, and a stainless steel sheath, the heating copper wire is used for heat generation, the magnesium oxide serves as an insulating material, and the stainless steel sheath is used for heat conduction, and the outer part of the heating cable pipeline at the tunnel entrance section is further provided with a thermal insulation sleeve.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present application, the solar stove is arranged outside the tunnel entrance end, and the solar stove heats the stainless steel sheath of the heating cable pipeline at the tunnel entrance section.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, the hanging and paving pulley device comprises a moving pulley, the bottom of the moving pulley is connected with the heating cable pipeline, the moving pulley moves along the tunnel longitudinal direction, thereby driving the heating cable pipeline to move along the tunnel longitudinal direction.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present application, the hanging and paving pulley device is arranged in multiple along the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

[0013] In a second aspect of the present application, a working method of the solar and wind energy tunnel anti-freezing and warming system is provided, comprising:

[0014] Solar independent warming: the solar energy is used in two parts, one part is used to directly gather heat in the stainless steel sheath of the heating cable through the solar stove, to accelerate the warming of the entrance section and to transfer heat from the entrance section to the inside; the other part is used to convert light energy into electric energy through the solar power generation device, to store the electric energy in the power supply, and to convert the electric energy into heat energy;

[0015] Wind energy independent heating mode: wind energy is converted into electric energy by a wind energy power generation device, stored in a power supply, and converted into heat energy;

[0016] Solar energy-wind energy combined heating mode: the tunnel is heated by a solar oven, a solar power generation device and a wind power generation device.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present application, during the process of heating the tunnel, the NTC thermistor in the power supply adjusts the heat generation power of the heating cable according to the ambient temperature.

[0018] In the third aspect of the present application, a construction method of a solar and wind energy heating and paving system for preventing freezing damage of a tunnel in a cold region is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Primary support and secondary lining after tunnel excavation;

[0020] The heating cable pipeline is laid on the surface of the secondary lining and connected with the hanging and paving pulley device and the power supply in the tunnel, forming a closed loop;

[0021] The heating cable pipeline is laid at the center ditch and connected with the power supply in the tunnel, forming a closed loop;

[0022] The NTC thermistor is installed in the power supply in the tunnel to adjust the output power according to the ambient temperature;

[0023] The solar oven is arranged above the entrance section of the tunnel and connected with the heating cable pipeline in the tunnel;

[0024] The heat preservation layer is laid outside the heating cable in the tunnel, and the heat preservation sleeve is installed outside the heating cable at the entrance section;

[0025] The solar power generation device and the wind power generation device are installed outside the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the output wire is connected with the power supply in the tunnel to provide electric energy for normal operation of the system.

[0026] The one or more technical solutions of the present application have the following beneficial effects:

[0027] (1) The solar and wind energy heating and paving system for preventing freezing damage of a tunnel in a cold region provided by the present application can make full use of clean energy in a cold region, has high heating efficiency, good heat preservation effect, simple device structure, can adjust the heating power according to the ambient temperature, does not need manual attendance, and the heating cable and the heat preservation layer can be stretched along the driving direction through the hanging and paving pulley device, which is convenient to use, can completely solve the problem of freezing damage of a tunnel in a cold region, enhances the durability of the tunnel structure, and ensures driving safety.

[0028] (2) The solar and wind power heating system for preventing frost damage in cold tunnels provided by the present invention has heating cables laid on the central water ditch and the surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel, which can heat and insulate the central water ditch and the lining structure to prevent frost damage in the tunnel; wherein the heating cables at the secondary lining of the tunnel are laid along the circumference of the tunnel and are distributed in an S-shape, and can be moved along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel by a hanging pulley device, and the heating range of the entrance section can be adjusted according to the site conditions.

[0029] (3) The solar and wind power heating system for preventing frost damage in cold tunnels provided by the present invention can select a suitable working mode according to the weather conditions. During the operation of the system, the power comes from solar and wind power, realizing the utilization of clean energy. In addition, the solar power generation device and solar stove are installed to realize the comprehensive utilization of solar energy. The solar stove heats the stainless steel sheath of the heating cable pipeline in the tunnel entrance section, accelerating the heating of the heating cable pipeline in the entrance section and effectively reducing the probability of frost damage at the tunnel entrance. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the solar and wind power heating and paving system for preventing frost damage in cold-region tunnels according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the heating cable pipeline layout of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the image;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the heating cable conduit of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the solar and wind power generation process of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the solar panel of the present invention.

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Initial support; 2. Secondary lining; 3. Insulation layer; 4. Heating cable pipeline; 5. Surrounding rock; 6. Central drainage ditch; 7. Solar cooker; 8. Solar power generation device; 9. Wind power generation device; 10. Insulation sleeve; 11. Power supply; 12. Hanging pulley device; 1201. U-shaped track; 1202. Pulley; 1203. Metal collar; 13. Stainless steel sheath; 14. Insulating material: magnesium oxide; 15. Heating copper wire. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] In view of the problems of the prior art mentioned in the background, the inventors find that the cold region has the regional characteristics of strong light and strong wind, and solar energy and wind energy have the advantages of low carbon, energy saving and renewable, but due to the lack of adaptive devices and technologies, they have not been widely used in cold region tunnels, and the use rate of clean energy is still low. Therefore, in a typical embodiment of the present application, a solar and wind energy warming and paving system for preventing freezing damage in a cold region tunnel is proposed, as shown in Figures 1-6 The solar energy stove 7 is connected with the heating cable pipeline of the tunnel entrance section; the heating cable pipeline 4 is laid in the tunnel center ditch and the tunnel secondary lining surface; the solar power generation device 8 and the wind power generation device 9 are located outside the tunnel entrance section and respectively provide power for the power supply 11 in the tunnel; the paving pulley device 12 is embedded in the tunnel secondary lining surface, and the paving pulley device 12 can drive the heating cable pipeline on the tunnel secondary lining surface to move along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

[0040] In this embodiment, the heating cable pipeline 4 at the center ditch 6 of the tunnel is laid along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, the heating cable pipeline 4 at the surface of the tunnel secondary lining 2 is laid between the secondary lining 2 and the insulation layer 3 of the tunnel, closely adheres to the secondary lining 2, and the heating cable pipeline 4 is laid along the circumferential direction of the tunnel and distributed in an S shape, can move along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel through the paving pulley device, and can adjust the heating range of the entrance section according to the site conditions.

[0041] In this embodiment, the heating cable pipeline 4 at the center ditch 6 of the tunnel and the surface of the tunnel secondary lining 2 is connected with the power supply 11 in the tunnel, the power supply 11 is provided with an NTC thermistor inside, the NTC thermistor is mainly made of metal oxides such as manganese, cobalt, nickel and copper, when the temperature is low, the number of carriers (electrons and holes) of these oxide materials is small, so the resistance value is high; as the temperature rises, the number of carriers increases, so the resistance value decreases, the NTC thermistor changes the resistance value according to the ambient temperature, and then adjusts the heat output power of the heating cable 4, so as to realize the temperature control of the heating cable pipeline 4.

[0042] As shown in Figure 4As shown, the heating cable pipeline 4 comprises, from inside to outside, a heating copper wire 15, an insulating material magnesium oxide 14 and a stainless steel sheath 13, wherein the stainless steel sheath serves as a protective tube, has excellent heat conduction performance and strong corrosion resistance, the magnesium oxide powder filled between the stainless steel sheath 13 and the heating copper wire 15 is a ceramic material and serves as an insulator. The magnesium oxide insulating material outside the heating copper wire can avoid current contact with the sheath. Magnesium oxide has good heat conduction performance under normal pressure. High-purity magnesium oxide has excellent alkali resistance and electrical insulation at high temperatures, high thermal expansion coefficient and high thermal conductivity, and good light transmittance. It is widely used as a high-temperature heat-resistant material. The heating cable can heat both the lining surface and the center ditch by filling magnesium oxide for heat transfer, which can play a waterproof role.

[0043] Further, the outside of the heating cable pipeline located in the tunnel portal section is further sleeved with a heat preservation sleeve 10, which can play a heat preservation role on the heating cable pipeline of the tunnel portal section.

[0044] In the embodiment, the heating pipeline 4 is divided into two parts, the heating pipeline 4 in the tunnel hole is heated by conduction, and the heating pipeline outside the tunnel hole is only heated by the solar oven. The solar oven 7 is connected with the heating pipeline outside the tunnel hole, the solar oven 7 is arranged outside the tunnel entrance, the stainless steel sheath of the heating cable pipeline 4 of the tunnel portal section is heated by the solar oven 7, heat is conducted through the stainless steel sheath, and the tunnel portal is heated. The heating pipeline outside the tunnel hole is connected with the heating pipeline in the tunnel hole. The circuit of the heating pipeline in the tunnel hole is closable, and the heating is conducted by conduction.

[0045] As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the hanging and paving pulley device 12 comprises a U-shaped track 1201, a pulley 1202 and a metal sleeve ring 1203, the heating cable is sleeved in the metal sleeve ring, and the longitudinal movement of the heating cable pipeline in the tunnel is driven by controlling the movement of the pulley on the U-shaped track, so that the heating range of the entrance section can be adjusted according to the site conditions, and the use is convenient.

[0046] Further, a plurality of hanging and paving pulley devices 12 are arranged along the circumferential direction and the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

[0047] In the embodiment, as shown in Figure 6 , the inclination angle of the solar panel of the solar power generation device can be adjusted in real time according to the light intensity, so that the solar power generation device has high power generation efficiency.

[0048] The solar and wind energy warming hanging and paving system for preventing frost damage of a tunnel in a cold region provided in the embodiment has three operating modes, which comprise:

[0049] The solar energy independent heating mode, the wind energy independent heating mode, and the solar energy-wind energy combined heating mode are included. The solar energy-wind energy combined heating mode is usually adopted in the daytime, the wind energy independent heating mode is adopted in the rainy days or at night, and the solar energy independent heating mode is adopted in the windless days.

[0050] The first operation mode is the solar energy independent heating mode. The solar energy is used in two parts. One part is directly gathered in the stainless steel sheath 13 of the heating cable to accelerate the temperature rise of the inlet section and transfer the heat from the inlet section to the inside. The other part is converted into electric energy by the solar power generation device 8 and stored in the power supply 11. The NTC thermistor in the power supply adjusts the heat output of the heating cable 4 according to the ambient temperature to convert the electric energy into heat energy.

[0051] The second operation mode is the wind energy independent heating mode. The wind energy is converted into electric energy by the wind power generation device 9 and stored in the power supply 11. The NTC thermistor in the power supply adjusts the heat output of the heating cable 4 according to the ambient temperature to convert the electric energy into heat energy.

[0052] The third operation mode is the solar energy-wind energy combined heating mode. The tunnel is heated by the solar stove 7, the solar power generation device 8, and the wind power generation device 9. The NTC thermistor in the power supply 11 adjusts the heat output of the heating cable 4 according to the ambient temperature.

[0053] Reference Figures 1-6 The solar energy-wind energy heating and paving system for preventing frost damage in cold region tunnels can be implemented according to the following steps:

[0054] 1. Primary support and secondary lining after tunnel excavation.

[0055] 2. Installation of the hanging and paving pulley device.

[0056] 3. Laying of the heating cable pipeline on the surface of the secondary lining, connecting with the hanging and paving device, and connecting with the power supply in the tunnel to form a closed loop.

[0057] 4. Laying of the heating cable pipeline at the center ditch, connecting with the power supply in the tunnel to form a closed loop.

[0058] 5. Installation of the NTC thermistor in the power supply in the tunnel to adjust the output power according to the ambient temperature.

[0059] 6. Arrangement of the solar stove above the inlet section of the tunnel, connected with the heating cable in the tunnel.

[0060] 7. Laying of the heat preservation layer outside the heating cable in the tunnel, and installation of the heat preservation sleeve on the outside of the heating cable at the inlet section.

[0061] 8. The solar power generation device and the wind power generation device are installed outside the tunnel surrounding rock, and the output wire is connected with the tunnel power supply to provide power for normal operation of the device.

[0062] Embodiment 2

[0063] In a typical embodiment of the present application, a working method of a solar and wind energy tunnel anti-freezing and temperature increasing system in cold regions is provided, comprising:

[0064] Solar independent temperature increasing: the solar energy is used in two parts, one part is directly gathered in the stainless steel sheath of the heating cable through the solar oven to accelerate the temperature increase of the inlet section and transfer the heat from the inlet section to the inside, and the other part is converted into electric energy through the solar power generation equipment and stored in the power supply, and the electric energy is converted into heat energy;

[0065] Wind independent temperature increasing: the wind energy is converted into electric energy through the wind power generation device, stored in the power supply, and converted into heat energy;

[0066] Solar and wind combined temperature increasing: the tunnel is temperature increased through the solar oven, the solar power generation equipment and the wind power generation equipment.

[0067] Further, in the process of temperature increasing of the tunnel, the NTC thermistor in the power supply adjusts the heat production power of the heating cable according to the environmental temperature.

[0068] Embodiment 3

[0069] In a typical embodiment of the present application, a construction method of a solar and wind energy tunnel anti-freezing and temperature increasing system in cold regions is provided, comprising:

[0070] Tunnel excavation, initial support and secondary lining in the early construction stage;

[0071] The heating cable pipeline is laid on the surface of the secondary lining, connected with the hanging device and connected with the tunnel power supply to form a closed loop;

[0072] The heating cable pipeline is laid in the center ditch and connected with the tunnel power supply to form a closed loop;

[0073] The NTC thermistor is installed in the tunnel power supply to adjust the output power according to the environmental temperature;

[0074] The solar oven is arranged above the tunnel inlet section and connected with the tunnel heating cable pipeline;

[0075] The heat preservation layer is laid outside the tunnel heating cable, and the heat preservation sleeve is installed outside the heating cable of the inlet section;

[0076] The solar power generation device and the wind power generation device are installed outside the tunnel surrounding rock, and the output wire is connected with the power supply in the tunnel to provide electric energy for normal operation of the system.

[0077] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present application in combination with the drawings, but is not a limitation on the protection scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application without creative labor are still within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A solar and wind energy warming and paving system for preventing frost damage in a cold region tunnel, characterized in that, The application relates to a tunnel heating system, which comprises a solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, a solar cooker, a hanging and paving pulley device and a heating cable pipeline; the solar cooker is connected with a heating cable pipeline of a tunnel entrance section; the heating cable pipeline is laid in a tunnel center water ditch and a tunnel secondary lining surface; the solar power generation device and the wind power generation device are located outside the tunnel entrance section and respectively provide electric energy for a tunnel inner power supply; the hanging and paving pulley device is embedded in the tunnel secondary lining surface, and the hanging and paving pulley device can drive the heating cable pipeline on the tunnel secondary lining surface to move along the tunnel longitudinal direction. The solar panel of the solar power generation device comprises a photoelectric sensor and a driving motor. The hanging and paving pulley device comprises a moving pulley, the bottom of the moving pulley is connected with the heating cable pipeline, and the moving pulley moves along the tunnel longitudinal direction, thereby driving the heating cable pipeline to move along the tunnel longitudinal direction.

2. The solar and wind energy based warming and deicing system for cold region tunnels as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The heating cable pipeline at the tunnel center water ditch is laid along the tunnel longitudinal direction, the heating cable pipeline at the tunnel secondary lining surface is laid between the tunnel secondary lining and a heat preservation layer, and is laid along the tunnel circumferential direction and is distributed in an S shape.

3. The solar and wind energy based warming and deicing system for cold region tunnels as claimed in claim 2 wherein, The heating cable pipelines at the tunnel center water ditch and the tunnel secondary lining surface are connected with the tunnel inner power supply, and the power supply is internally provided with an NTC thermistor.

4. The solar and wind energy based warming and deicing system for cold region tunnels as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The heating cable pipeline comprises, from inside to outside, a heating copper wire, insulating material magnesium oxide and a stainless steel sheath, and the outer part of the heating cable pipeline at the tunnel entrance section is further provided with a heat preservation sleeve.

5. The solar and wind energy based warming and deicing system for cold region tunnels as claimed in claim 4 wherein, The solar cooker is arranged outside the tunnel entrance end, and the solar cooker heats the stainless steel sheath of the heating cable pipeline at the tunnel entrance section.

6. The solar and wind energy based warming and deicing system for cold region tunnels as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The hanging and paving pulley device is arranged along the tunnel circumferential direction and the tunnel longitudinal direction.

7. A method of operating a solar and wind energy based frost protection system for a tunnel in a cold region according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The application further relates to a tunnel heating system, which comprises the following steps: Solar independent temperature increasing: solar energy is used in two parts, one part is used to directly gather heat in the stainless steel sheath of the heating cable through the solar cooker, to accelerate the temperature increasing of the entrance section and to transfer heat from the entrance section to the inside; the other part is used to convert light energy into electric energy through the solar power generation equipment, to store the electric energy in the power supply and to convert the electric energy into heat energy; Wind independent temperature increasing: wind energy is converted into electric energy through the wind power generation device, the electric energy is stored in the power supply, and the electric energy is converted into heat energy; Solar-wind combined temperature increasing: the solar cooker, the solar power generation equipment and the wind power generation device are used to increase the temperature of the tunnel.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises: During the tunnel temperature increasing process, the NTC thermistor in the power supply adjusts the heat production power of the heating cable according to the environmental temperature.

9. A construction method of the solar and wind energy based anti-freezing and warming paving system for cold region tunnels according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The application further relates to a tunnel heating system, which comprises the following steps: Tunnel excavation, initial support construction and secondary lining installation; The hanging and paving pulley device is installed on the secondary lining, and the heating cable pipeline is laid on the surface of the secondary lining, connected with the hanging and paving pulley device and the tunnel inner power supply, to form a closed loop; The heating cable pipeline is laid in the center water ditch and connected with the tunnel inner power supply, to form a closed loop; The NTC thermistor is installed in the tunnel inner power supply, to adjust the output power according to the environmental temperature; The solar cooker is arranged above the tunnel entrance section and connected with the tunnel inner heating cable pipeline; The heat preservation layer is laid outside the heating cable in the tunnel, and the heat preservation sleeve is installed on the heating cable outside the entrance section; The solar power generation device and the wind power generation device are installed outside the tunnel surrounding rock, and the output wire is connected with the tunnel inner power supply, to provide electric energy for the normal operation of the system.

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