Method and system for recovering three-dimensional paleostructure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data interpretation, and discloses a method and system for recovering a three-dimensional paleostructure, and the method comprises the steps: constructing an isochronous stratigraphic framework according to a three-dimensional seismic data body and logging data, estimating and supplementing the denudation thickness of a target horizon interface, and restoring the target horizon interface. A plurality of longitudinal sections vertically penetrating through a fault are taken on an isochronous stratigraphic framework, on the longitudinal sections, a target horizon interface is leveled in a sliding mode along the sections, whether seismic reflection events of other stratigraphic interfaces on the two sides of the sections have coordination consistency or not is judged, and when the seismic reflection events of the other stratigraphic interfaces on the two sides of the sections have coordination consistency, the target horizon interface is judged to be in a normal state. And sliding the target horizon interface along the section body space until the target horizon interface is leveled to obtain a paleotectonic geologic model of horizon below the target horizon interface. According to the method, the three-dimensional paleostructure can be accurately recovered by establishing the effective isochronous stratigraphic framework.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to the field of seismic exploration technology. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and system for restoring three-dimensional ancient structures. Background Art

[0002] Seismic data acquisition and processing, one of the three major links in seismic exploration, involve the operation of basic data. Seismic data interpretation is to convert these data into abstract geological terms, that is, to determine the geological structure morphology and spatial position based on seismic data, to infer the lithology, thickness and interlayer contact relationship of the strata, to find oil and gas reservoirs, and to provide accurate well locations for drilling.

[0003] In the structural history analysis of oil-bearing basins, paleostructures usually refer to those structural types such as synsedimentary anticlines or synsedimentary faults that are of great significance to oil and gas accumulation and formed during the sedimentation process. These folds or faults are formed on the background of relatively normal sinking of the basin. Due to the relative uplift activity in the local area, such as the undulation of the basement, block activity, and the differences in sedimentary compensation conditions, sedimentary differentiation, underwater scouring, compaction after deposition, etc., this area forms anticline folds or faults due to the effects of factors such as uplift or faulting and deposition. This type of paleostructure has specific characteristics in terms of sediment thickness, lithology, lithofacies and occurrence. Paleotectonic activities control sedimentation, and sediments and sedimentation reflect the development and evolution of paleostructures.

[0004] Paleostructures in oil and gas basins are closely related to hydrocarbon generation and accumulation of oil and gas, but the existing paleostructure restoration methods have certain limitations, which restrict the exploration and development of oil and gas. Jiu Kai, Ding Wenlong, Li Chunyan, Zeng Weite, "Research and Progress of Paleostructure Restoration Methods in Oil and Gas Basins [J]", Lithological Reservoirs, 2012, 24(01): 13-19, summarized the development of paleostructure restoration methods, including the "pagoda map" method, thickness map method, balanced profile method, seismic attribute restoration paleostructure method, three-dimensional space paleostructure restoration method, and the same deformation body paleostructure restoration method, and pointed out the scope of application of various methods and the problems existing in practical application. Erosion recovery, fault removal, fold removal, compaction correction and paleowater depth correction are key technologies in paleostructure restoration. Whether these technologies can be used reasonably will directly affect the accuracy of paleostructure restoration.

[0005] In the prior art, the balanced section method or the layer flattening method is usually used to restore the ancient structure. When the balanced section method is used, multiple two-dimensional sections are used instead of three-dimensional to restore the ancient structure, which is quite different from the real three-dimensional ancient structure. When the layer flattening method is used, the ancient structure with faults often forms structural deformities, making it difficult to restore the accurate ancient structure.

[0006] In view of this, there is an urgent need to provide a method to restore three-dimensional paleostructures and guide the search for oil and gas reservoirs by constructing paleostructural geological models. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to at least solve the problems mentioned above, the present invention provides a method for restoring three-dimensional paleostructures, comprising: a first step, constructing an isochronous stratigraphic framework based on a three-dimensional seismic data body and logging data; a second step, estimating and supplementing the erosion thickness of a target stratum interface, and restoring the target stratum interface; a third step, taking a plurality of longitudinal sections perpendicularly passing through the fault on the isochronous stratigraphic framework, and on the plurality of longitudinal sections, sliding and flattening the target stratum interface along the section, and judging whether the seismic reflection sync axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent; a fourth step, when the seismic reflection sync axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent, sliding the target stratum interface along the section space on the isochronous stratigraphic framework until the target stratum interface is flattened, and obtaining the three-dimensional paleostructure of the layer below the target stratum interface.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the first step, constructing an isochronous stratigraphic framework includes: performing seismic sequence division and fault interpretation on the three-dimensional data body to obtain an isochronous stratigraphic framework. For example: obtaining the frequency range of the three-dimensional seismic data body; taking seismic phase axes on any specific frequency section within the frequency range of the three-dimensional seismic data body; and dividing the isochronous stratigraphic framework according to the seismic phase axes.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the first step, constructing an isochronous stratigraphic framework includes: acquiring the logging data, the logging data including: one or more of natural gamma logging curves, acoustic time difference logging curves, resistivity logging curves, and density logging curves; and calibrating the three-dimensional seismic data body through the logging data and the wellside seismic traces of the three-dimensional seismic data body.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the third step, the plurality of longitudinal sections intersect or are parallel to each other.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fourth step further includes: when the seismic reflection events of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are not coordinated and consistent, reconstructing the isochronous stratigraphic framework. For example, when the occurrence of the fault or anticline structure is not consistent, changing and adjusting the specific frequency, reacquiring the seismic events, and dividing the isochronous stratigraphic framework.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fourth step also includes: when the seismic reflection sync axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are not coordinated and consistent, based on the incoordinated characteristics of the seismic reflection sync axes of other stratum interfaces, locally modifying and optimizing the seismic sequence division and fault interpretation to obtain a new isochronous stratigraphic framework.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, whether the seismic reflection event axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent includes: the consistency of the occurrence and the consistency of the waveform of the seismic reflection event axes, wherein the consistency of the occurrence refers to the deviation of the event axis angle being less than 20%, and the consistency of the waveform refers to the phase deviation of the waveform being less than 20%.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the analysis of the consistency of the occurrence of a fault includes: the consistency of strike, dip and inclination; the analysis of the consistency of the occurrence of anticlines includes: the curvature of the arc-shaped bend and the strike of the axial plane.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, a system for restoring three-dimensional paleostructures is provided, comprising: a first module for constructing an isochronous stratigraphic framework based on a three-dimensional seismic data body and logging data; a second module for estimating and supplementing the denudation thickness of a target stratum interface, and restoring the target stratum interface; a third module for taking a plurality of longitudinal sections perpendicularly passing through a fault on the isochronous stratigraphic framework, and sliding and flattening the target stratum interface along the section on the plurality of longitudinal sections, and judging whether the seismic reflection sync axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent; a fourth module for sliding the target stratum interface along the section body space on the isochronous stratigraphic framework until the target stratum interface is flattened when the seismic reflection sync axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent, and obtaining a paleostructural geological model of the strata below the target layer.

[0016] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for restoring three-dimensional ancient structures, comprising: a processor for executing program instructions; and a memory storing program instructions, which enables the processor to execute the aforementioned method when the program instructions are loaded and executed by the processor.

[0017] According to another aspect of the present invention, a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which computer-readable instructions are stored. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by one or more processors, the aforementioned method is implemented.

[0018] In the present invention, the true three-dimensional paleo-tectonic morphology can be restored using three-dimensional seismic data.

[0019] In the present invention, three-dimensional seismic data can be used to quickly complete multi-layer ancient structure restoration, which solves the problem that it is difficult to restore the spatial distribution of faults by flattening two-dimensional layers and solves the problem of ancient structure restoration of strike-slip faults.

[0020] In the present invention, the three-dimensional paleo-tectonic morphology is restored by sliding along the fault plane, which avoids the problem of false paleo-geomorphology appearing near the fault when the conventional two-dimensional layer is flattened, and can restore the change of the true continuous stratum spatial sedimentary thickness.

[0021] In an embodiment of the present invention, by sliding and flattening the target layer interface along the section on multiple longitudinal sections, and judging whether the seismic reflection sync axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent, it is possible to verify whether the isochronous stratigraphic grid is consistent with the actual stratum. By performing consistency analysis on multiple intersecting longitudinal sections, a more accurate consistency analysis result can be obtained. When the seismic reflection sync axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are not coordinated and consistent, the isochronous stratigraphic grid is reconstructed to obtain an accurate isochronous stratigraphic grid, which is convenient for spatial sliding and flattening in three dimensions. The seismic three-dimensional data body is calibrated by multiple well logging, so that the construction of the isochronous stratigraphic grid is more accurate, and the restored three-dimensional paleostructure is more consistent with the structure of the actual stratum. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] By reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily understood. In the accompanying drawings, several embodiments of the present invention are shown in an exemplary and non-limiting manner, and the same or corresponding reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts, wherein:

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional seismic survey system is shown;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the steps of a method for restoring a three-dimensional ancient structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the steps of constructing an isochronous stratigraphic framework according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing a longitudinal section of a three-dimensional seismic data volume according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0027] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the calibration of a two-dimensional profile of a three-dimensional seismic data volume using well logging is shown;

[0028] Figure 6 A hardware schematic diagram of a system for constructing a paleo-structural geological model according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be understood that the terms "include" and "comprising" used in the description and claims of the present invention indicate the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0031] It should also be understood that the terms used in this specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used in the specification of the present invention and the claims, the singular forms of "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" used in the specification of the present invention and the claims refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes these combinations.

[0032] As used in this specification and claims, the term "if" may be interpreted as "when" or "upon" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting," depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if [described condition or event] is detected" may be interpreted as meaning "upon determination" or "in response to determining" or "upon detection of [described condition or event]" or "in response to detecting [described condition or event]," depending on the context.

[0033] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Seismic exploration is a method of geophysical exploration that uses artificially excited seismic waves to locate mineral deposits and obtain engineering geological information. Its basic principle is: artificially excited seismic sources generate seismic waves. When seismic waves propagate in rocks, if they encounter the interface of rock layers, they will generate reflected waves or refracted waves. When the reflected waves or refracted waves return to the ground, they are received by recording instruments such as geophones to form seismic data. Through the analysis, processing and comprehensive interpretation of seismic data, the burial depth and shape of the rock layer section where the seismic waves are reflected or refracted are determined, and accurate imaging of underground geological structures is achieved.

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional seismic survey system is shown.

[0036] like Figure 1As shown, in the system 100, a plurality of mutually spaced detectors 110 for detecting seismic waves are arranged on the surface 101 of the exploration target area, forming a detector array covering the target area on a plane. These detectors 110 are connected to the seismic information processing device by wired or wireless connection, and a plurality of seismic sources 120 are also provided. The seismic information processing device can perform preliminary processing on the seismic data. The working process of the three-dimensional seismic exploration system is: artificially excite the seismic sources 120 located at multiple positions to generate seismic waves, which are reflected from the boundary of the stratum 102 and received by the detector array to form seismic information collected on a plane and changing with time. The seismic information received by the detector array represents certain measures of seismic wave energy as a function of time, such as displacement, velocity, wave impedance, pressure, etc. This information can be grouped in different ways, such as traces, sets, etc., and then processed or format-converted according to the corresponding relationship between time and space to form a three-dimensional seismic data body in the form of a three-dimensional array. It can also be said that the three-dimensional seismic data body is formed by stacking interface points in space. The interpretation of three-dimensional seismic data can observe the morphology of geological interfaces from different directions and study the changes of geological bodies in three-dimensional space by cutting cross sections, longitudinal sections and horizontal slices.

[0037] In the stratigraphic model, the stratigraphic layer 102 includes faults. Faults refer to the phenomenon that the stratigraphic layer undergoes relative displacement along the fracture surface and are a byproduct of tectonic activity. Faults play a very important role in controlling the migration, accumulation or destruction of oil and gas, and are closely related to the formation, distribution and enrichment of oil and gas reservoirs, and are important migration channels.

[0038] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the steps of a method for restoring a three-dimensional ancient structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the method 200 includes: a first step S201, constructing an isochronous stratigraphic framework based on a three-dimensional seismic data body and logging data; a second step S202, estimating and supplementing the erosion thickness of the target stratum interface, and restoring the target stratum interface; a third step S203, taking multiple longitudinal sections vertically passing through the fault on the isochronous stratigraphic framework, and sliding and flattening the target stratum interface along the section on the multiple longitudinal sections, and judging whether the seismic reflection sync axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent; a fourth step S204, when the seismic reflection sync axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent, sliding the target stratum interface along the section body space on the isochronous stratigraphic framework until the target stratum interface is flattened, and obtaining the three-dimensional paleostructure of the layer below the target stratum interface.

[0040] Isochronous stratigraphic framework refers to a chronostratigraphic framework (chronostratigraphic framework / architecture), which reflects the spatial and temporal arrangement of stratigraphic or rock units.

[0041] The 3D seismic data volume can reflect the underground strata in the two-way time dimension of seismic waves, and can be obtained from seismic records in the target area, such as the 3D seismic data volume constructed by CRP (common reflection point) gathers. The seismic reflection event axis has chronostratigraphic significance, and the 3D seismic data volume can be divided into different chronostratigraphic layers according to the seismic reflection event axis, but it cannot specifically reflect the type, nature and other characteristics of each layer.

[0042] Well logging data refers to the well logging curves, well logging response characteristic parameters, core analysis data, etc. obtained by drilling in the target area, as well as data that can be obtained from well logging in the existing technology to effectively calibrate the three-dimensional seismic data body, such as natural gamma logging curves, acoustic time difference logging curves, neutron porosity curves, resistivity logging curves, density logging curves and other logging curves. Well logging data can reflect the type, depth, properties and other characteristics of the layer corresponding to the well. There are only a limited number of well logging in the target area. The well logging data can better reflect the geological structure of the area where the well logging is located, but it is impossible to directly determine the geological structure of the area without well logging based on the well logging data.

[0043] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the process of constructing an isochronous stratigraphic framework includes: obtaining logging data, the logging data including: one or more of natural gamma logging curves, acoustic time difference logging curves, neutron porosity curves, resistivity logging curves, and density logging curves; calibrating the three-dimensional seismic data body through the logging data and the wellside seismic traces of the three-dimensional seismic data body.

[0044] According to one embodiment of the present invention, core data can be used to calibrate well logging, and core data is more reliable than well logging data. Although the core data is small in quantity and relatively sporadic, it has higher accuracy and reliability compared to the well logging curve. The specific method of core calibration well logging is: using the parameters such as formation lithology, physical properties, oil content, etc. obtained from core analysis to quantitatively calibrate the well logging curve to achieve a result that the well logging data is consistent with the core data. Because the well logging data may produce baseline drift, irregular jumps and deviations due to various factors, it must be calibrated with core data.

[0045] In the first step S201, by calibrating the 3D seismic data volume with the well logging data, the layer information can be expanded from the well to the 3D seismic data volume, and the 3D seismic data volume can be calibrated as an isochronous stratigraphic grid. However, the accuracy of the seismic reflection event axis of the 3D seismic data volume is heavily dependent on the resolution of the seismic data.

[0046] Based on this, in the second and third steps of the embodiment of the present invention, it is verified on the two-dimensional section whether the constructed isochronous stratigraphic framework accurately reflects the actual situation of the stratigraphic formation. Then, on the premise of reflecting the actual situation of the stratigraphic formation, the three-dimensional flattening of the stratigraphic formation is performed.

[0047] In the second step S202, the denudation thickness of the stratigraphic interface is adjusted by estimating, supplementing, etc., so that the target stratigraphic interface is closer to the real shape, which is convenient for serving as a reference for restoring the ancient structure.

[0048] In the third step S203, stratigraphic structures of special types, such as faults and anticlines, are selected, and multiple longitudinal sections passing through these stratigraphic structures of the base type are intercepted. Each longitudinal section can reflect part of the fault or anticline information, which can reduce the outlier effect of individual cases. These stratigraphic structures of special types can directly reflect the accuracy of the isochronous stratigraphic framework.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the third step, the longitudinal sections intersect or are parallel to each other. The selection of longitudinal sections can affect the accuracy of the consistency judgment of the special type of stratigraphic structure. By selecting longitudinal sections that are parallel to each other, the consistency can be judged at the same angle and different distances. By selecting longitudinal sections that intersect with each other, the consistency can be judged at different angles and the same or different distances. This setting of the present invention greatly enriches the longitudinal sections used as judgment samples, can cover a variety of situations, and improves the reliability of the judgment conclusion.

[0050] In the third step S203, on each longitudinal section, the historical stratum that needs to be flattened is selected as the target stratum, and all stratums below the interface are offset upwards based on the highest point of the top interface of the stratum. Correspondingly, the faults, anticlines, etc. existing in the longitudinal section are also offset, and the occurrence changes of the faults or anticlines on adjacent or spaced longitudinal sections after the flattening operation are compared to determine the consistency of the changes of the faults or anticlines on each longitudinal section. For example, it is determined whether the seismic reflection sync axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent, and the conclusion of whether the constructed isochronous stratigraphic framework is accurate can be obtained, that is, when inconsistent, the isochronous stratigraphic framework is considered inaccurate; when consistent, the isochronous stratigraphic framework is considered accurate. Among them, the occurrence consistency analysis of the fault includes: consistency of strike, dip and dip. The occurrence consistency analysis of the anticline includes: curvature of the arc-shaped bend and the strike of the axial plane.

[0051] The consistency analysis of faults and anticlines means that the development (appearance) of faults and folds is the product of the action of a unified stress field. The stress field properties represented by faults and folds in the same area must be consistent and no contradictions can occur. The interpretation of faults and folds must be uniformly interpreted according to the structural style. The extensional structural style is completely different from the compressional structural style and the two styles cannot appear at the same time. The consistency analysis of faults and folds in the same area is a key step in testing whether the structural interpretation of the area is reasonable.

[0052] Then enter the fourth step S204, when the seismic reflection phase axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent, slide the target layer interface along the cross-section volume space on the isochronous stratigraphic grid until the target layer interface is flattened, and obtain the paleo-structural geological model of the layer below the target layer. For example: when the occurrence of the fault or anticline structure is consistent, the target layer is flattened on the three-dimensional isochronous stratigraphic grid with the highest point of its top interface as the reference point, that is, the data points below the top interface are shifted upward to the same horizontal plane, and the paleo-structure of a certain historical period can be obtained.

[0053] In an embodiment of the present invention, the target layer can be selected according to the required historical period, and the ancient structural geological model that is earlier in time can be constructed based on the original isochronous stratigraphic framework, or it can be constructed based on the later restored ancient structure.

[0054] When using the paleo-tectonic geological model, the flattened three-dimensional data body can be made into isochronous slices to obtain the paleo-tectonic plan view of the corresponding age, based on which the paleo-tectonic distribution characteristics can be determined.

[0055] In an embodiment of the present invention, by flattening and judging the consistency of the fault or anticline on multiple longitudinal sections passing through the fault or anticline structure, it is possible to verify whether the isochronous stratigraphic framework constructed using the three-dimensional seismic data body is accurate, and restore the three-dimensional paleostructure when the occurrence is consistent, thereby improving accuracy.

[0056] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fourth step further includes: when the occurrence of the fault or anticline structure is inconsistent, the parameters for constructing the isochronous stratigraphic framework can be adjusted to reconstruct the isochronous stratigraphic framework. When the seismic reflection event axes of other stratigraphic interfaces on both sides of the section are inconsistent, based on the inconsistent characteristics of the seismic reflection event axes of other stratigraphic interfaces, the seismic sequence division and fault interpretation are locally modified and optimized to obtain a new isochronous stratigraphic framework.

[0057] Whether the seismic reflection event axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent includes: the consistency of the occurrence and the consistency of the waveform of the seismic reflection event axes, wherein the consistency of the occurrence means that the deviation of the event axis angle is less than 20%, and the consistency of the waveform means that the phase deviation of the waveform is less than 20%.

[0058] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the steps of constructing an isochronous stratigraphic framework according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown, the method 300 for constructing an isochronous stratigraphic framework includes: step S301, obtaining the frequency range of a three-dimensional seismic data body; step S302, taking seismic events on any specific frequency section within the frequency range of the three-dimensional seismic data body; step S303, dividing the isochronous stratigraphic framework according to the seismic events.

[0060] In a three-dimensional seismic data volume, different seismic events can be obtained by using different frequency profiles. In an embodiment of the present invention, a specific frequency refers to a frequency of an extracted profile that is predetermined according to the resolution of the three-dimensional seismic data volume when picking up seismic events. The seismic events extracted in the profile of the specific frequency may have time-travel phenomena or other false events, which can be adjusted when the extraction frequency of the profile is subsequently changed to remove noise interference.

[0061] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the fourth step also includes: when the occurrence of the fault or anticline structure is inconsistent, the specific frequency is replaced, the seismic phase axis is re-acquired, and the isochronous stratigraphic framework is divided.

[0062] The specific frequency and the replaced frequency are both within the frequency range of the three-dimensional seismic data body. By replacing different frequencies, false seismic events and time-traveling seismic events can be excluded, so that seismic events reflecting real interface information can be obtained, and then a high-quality isochronous stratigraphic framework can be obtained.

[0063] According to another aspect of the present invention, a system for restoring three-dimensional paleostructures is provided, comprising: a first module for constructing an isochronous stratigraphic framework based on a three-dimensional seismic data body and logging data; a second module for estimating and supplementing the denudation thickness of a target stratum interface, and restoring the target stratum interface; a third module for taking a plurality of longitudinal sections perpendicularly passing through a fault on the isochronous stratigraphic framework, and sliding and flattening the target stratum interface along the section on the plurality of longitudinal sections, and judging whether the seismic reflection sync axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent; a fourth module for sliding the target stratum interface along the section body space on the isochronous stratigraphic framework until the target stratum interface is flattened when the seismic reflection sync axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent, and obtaining a paleostructural geological model of the strata below the target layer.

[0064] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a longitudinal section of a three-dimensional seismic data volume according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0065] like Figure 4 As shown, the chronostratigraphic framework can be identified. In the longitudinal section, it can reflect the strike and thickness of each stratum, and also reflect the characteristics of each sequence, such as truncation, onlap, and top overlap. Among them, truncation refers to the termination of the top reflection of the sequence, which can be the termination of the reflection between the top of the underlying inclined stratum and the overlying horizontal stratum, or the termination between the top of the horizontal stratum and the bottom of the eroded riverbed in the initial deposition of the overlying stratum. Onlap refers to the termination of the bottom of the sequence against the original inclined surface layer by layer. It represents the sedimentation phenomenon of layer-by-layer overlap under the condition of continuous expansion of the water area.

[0066] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the calibration of a two-dimensional profile of a three-dimensional seismic data volume using well logging is shown.

[0067] like Figure 5 As shown, the number of wells is 3, each with its own acoustic wave curve. By expanding the strata reflected by the acoustic wave curve on the two-dimensional profile, six stratigraphic information such as SQ1 to SQ6 can be obtained, and Es is the stratigraphic age interface.

[0068] In an embodiment of the present invention, the system for constructing a paleo-tectonic geological model can be implemented by a computer, a computer cluster, remotely connected hardware, etc., which is loaded with a program for executing the above method.

[0069] According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a device for constructing a paleo-structural geological model, comprising: a processor for executing program instructions; and a memory storing program instructions, wherein when the program instructions are loaded and executed by the processor, the processor executes the aforementioned method.

[0070] Figure 6 A hardware schematic diagram of a system for constructing a paleo-structural geological model according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0071] The system 600 may include a device 601 according to an embodiment of the present invention, as well as its peripheral devices and an external network, wherein the device 601 is used to execute the operation of constructing a paleo-structural geological model to implement the technical solution of the aforementioned embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] like Figure 6As shown in , the device 601 may include a CPU 6011, which may be a general-purpose CPU, a dedicated CPU, or other information processing and program execution unit. Further, the device 601 may also include a large-capacity memory 6012 and a read-only memory ROM 6013, wherein the large-capacity memory 6012 may be configured to store various types of data, such as seismic data, model data, descending unit division parameters, and various programs required for performing various operations, and the ROM 6013 may be configured to store the power-on self-test of the device 601, the initialization of various functional modules in the system, the basic input / output driver of the system, and the data required for booting the operating system.

[0073] Further, the device 601 also includes other hardware platforms or components, such as the TPU 6014, GPU 6015, FPGA 6016 and MLU 6017 shown. It is understood that although a variety of hardware platforms or components are shown in the device 600, this is only exemplary and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can add or remove corresponding hardware according to actual needs. For example, the device 601 can include only a CPU as a well-known hardware platform and another hardware platform as a test hardware platform of the present invention.

[0074] The device 601 of the present invention also includes a communication interface 6018, so that it can be connected to a local area network / wireless local area network (LAN / WLAN) 605 through the communication interface 6018, and then connected to a local server 606 or to the Internet ("Internet") 607 through the LAN / WLAN. Alternatively or additionally, the device 601 of the present invention can also be directly connected to the Internet or a cellular network based on a wireless communication technology through the communication interface 6018, such as a third generation ("3G"), fourth generation ("4G") or fifth generation ("5G") wireless communication technology. In some application scenarios, the device 601 of the present invention can also access a server 608 of an external network and a possible database 609 as needed to obtain various known algorithms, data and modules, and can remotely store various measured data.

[0075] The peripheral devices of the device 601 may include a display device 602, an input device 603, and a data transmission interface 604. In one embodiment, the display device 602 may include, for example, one or more speakers and / or one or more visual displays, which are configured to perform voice prompts and / or image video displays on the computing process or detection results of the device of the present invention. The input device 603 may include, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a gesture capture camera, or other input buttons or controls, which are configured to receive input or user instructions for training data. The data transmission interface 604 may include, for example, a serial interface, a parallel interface or a universal serial bus interface ("USB"), a small computer system interface ("SCSI"), a serial ATA, a FireWire ("FireWire"), a PCI Express, and a high-definition multimedia interface ("HDMI"), etc., which are configured for data transmission and interaction with other devices or systems.

[0076] The CPU 6011, the mass storage 6012, the read-only memory ROM 6013, the TPU 6014, the GPU 6015, the FPGA 6016, the MLU 6017 and the communication interface 6018 of the device 601 of the present invention can be connected to each other through a bus 6019, and data interaction with peripheral devices can be achieved through the bus. In one embodiment, through the bus 6019, the CPU 6011 can control other hardware components in the device 601 and its peripheral devices.

[0077] During operation, the processor CPU 6011 of the device 601 of the present invention can receive the three-dimensional seismic data body through the input device 603 or the data transmission interface 604, and retrieve the computer program instructions or codes (such as various programs for constructing the stratigraphic model) stored in the memory 6012 to process the received three-dimensional seismic data body to obtain the three-dimensional geometric model of the stratigraphic layer. After the CPU 6011 determines the oil and gas reservoir by executing the program instructions, it can be displayed on the display device 602 or output by voice prompts. In addition, the device 601 can also upload the oil and gas reservoir composition to the network, such as the remote database 609, through the communication interface 6018.

[0078] It should also be understood that any module, unit, component, server, computer, terminal or device that executes instructions of the present invention examples may include or otherwise access computer-readable media, such as storage media, computer storage media or data storage devices (removable) and / or non-removable) such as disks, optical disks or tapes. Computer storage media may include volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storing information, such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data.

[0079] The computer-readable storage medium may be any suitable magnetic storage medium or magneto-optical storage medium, such as Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Enhanced Dynamic Random Access Memory (EDRAM), High-Bandwidth Memory (HBM), Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC), etc., or any other medium that can be used to store the required information and can be accessed by an application, a module, or both. Any such computer storage medium may be part of a device or accessible or connectable to a device. Any application or module described in the present invention may be implemented using computer-readable / executable instructions that may be stored or otherwise maintained by such a computer-readable medium.

[0080] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a device for constructing a paleo-structural geological model includes: a processor for executing program instructions; and a memory storing program instructions, which enables the processor to execute the aforementioned method when the program instructions are loaded and executed by the processor.

[0081] Although multiple embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Those skilled in the art may conceive of many changes, modifications, and alternatives without departing from the thought and spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that in the process of practicing the present invention, various alternatives to the embodiments of the present invention described herein may be adopted. The appended claims are intended to define the scope of protection of the present invention, and therefore cover equivalents or alternatives within the scope of these claims.

Claims

1. A method for restoring three-dimensional ancient structures, characterized in that: include: The first step is to construct an isochronous stratigraphic framework based on the 3D seismic data volume and well logging data; The second step is to estimate and supplement the denudation thickness of the target layer interface and restore the target layer interface; The third step is to take a plurality of longitudinal sections perpendicular to the fault on the isochronous stratigraphic framework, and on the plurality of longitudinal sections, slide and flatten the target stratum interface along the section to determine whether the seismic reflection event axes of other stratigraphic interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent; The fourth step is, when the seismic reflection phase axes of other stratigraphic interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent, the target layer interface is slid along the section space on the isochronous stratigraphic grid until the target layer interface is flattened to obtain the three-dimensional paleostructure of the layer below the target layer interface.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the first step, constructing an isochronous stratigraphic framework includes: performing seismic sequence division and fault interpretation on the three-dimensional data volume to obtain an isochronous stratigraphic framework.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the first step, constructing an isochronous stratigraphic framework includes: acquiring the logging data, wherein the logging data includes: one or more of a natural gamma logging curve, an acoustic time difference logging curve, a resistivity logging curve, and a density logging curve; The three-dimensional seismic data volume is calibrated by using the well logging data and the wellside seismic traces of the three-dimensional seismic data volume.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the third step, the plurality of longitudinal sections intersect or are parallel to each other.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The fourth step also includes: when the seismic reflection events of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are not coordinated and consistent, reconstructing the isochronous stratum framework.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The fourth step also includes: when the seismic reflection sync axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are not coordinated and consistent, based on the incoordinated characteristics of the seismic reflection sync axes of other stratum interfaces, locally modifying and optimizing the seismic stratigraphic division and fault interpretation to obtain a new isochronous stratigraphic framework.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Whether the seismic reflection event axes of other stratum interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent includes: the consistency of the occurrence and the consistency of the waveform of the seismic reflection event axes, wherein the consistency of the occurrence means that the deviation of the event axis angle is less than 20%, and the consistency of the waveform means that the phase deviation of the waveform is less than 20%.

8. A system for restoring three-dimensional ancient structures, characterized in that: include: The first module is used to construct an isochronous stratigraphic framework based on the three-dimensional seismic data volume and well logging data; The second module is used to estimate and supplement the denudation thickness of the target layer interface and restore the target layer interface; The third module is used to take multiple longitudinal sections vertically passing through the fault on the isochronous stratigraphic grid, and on the multiple longitudinal sections, slide and flatten the target layer interface along the section to determine whether the seismic reflection event axes of other stratigraphic interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent; The fourth module is used to slide the target layer interface along the section volume space on the isochronous stratigraphic grid until the target layer interface is flattened when the seismic reflection phase axes of other stratigraphic interfaces on both sides of the section are coordinated and consistent, so as to obtain the paleo-structural geological model of the layer below the target layer.

9. A device for restoring three-dimensional ancient structures, characterized in that: include: a processor for executing program instructions; and a memory storing program instructions, which, when loaded and executed by a processor, enables the processor to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: Computer-readable instructions are stored thereon, and when the computer-readable instructions are executed by one or more processors, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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