Karst mountain ecological restoration and landscape construction method

Abstract

The patent application discloses a kind of karst mountain ecological restoration and landscape construction method, specifically related to ecological restoration field.The method comprises the following steps: selecting robust chamaepericlymenum cutting seedling for standby;selecting karst mountain foot, roadside and bare rock area with soil in stone pit as planting point;before spring bud sprouting, do not loosen soil ball to remove nutrient bag, after returning to soil, pruning, and pouring through rooting water;after 1 month, carry out weeding, soil loosening, fertilization, and management and protection.Planting in the first year of reproductive growth, pruning and pruning after the first year, and in the second year, before spring bud sprouting and after flowering, pruning is carried out once, and after pruning and during flowering, management and protection are carried out.The technical scheme of the application can achieve the effect of full plant type, row planting and full tree golden flowers for chamaepericlymenum in more than one year after planting, and solves the problem of how to restore and landscape the karst rocky desertification mountain with thin soil layer and easy water and soil loss, and quickly realizes the dual effect of karst ecological restoration and landscape construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration, and in particular to a method for ecological restoration and landscape creation in karst mountains. Background Technology

[0002] The karst landscape of southern China is one of the most spectacular humid tropical-subtropical karst landscapes in the world. It encompasses the most important karst landform types, including tower-shaped, pinnacle, and cone-shaped karst formations, with verdant peaks and bizarrely shaped rocks everywhere, possessing abundant natural tourism development resources. The uneven and discontinuous soil layers in karst landforms make it difficult to form surface ecological spaces, while plant growth utilizes diverse and complex spaces, with root systems primarily seeking soil and water sources along rock surface fissures and cracks.

[0003] Long-term and intense chemical erosion of carbonate rocks has resulted in shallow and discontinuous soil layers in karst mountains, making it extremely difficult for vegetation to recover naturally once destroyed. Land reclamation and construction projects such as roads in karst regions have further damaged native vegetation, exposing rocks and soil, leading to patchy desertification in karst mountains, severely impacting the ecological environment and tourism landscape.

[0004] Hypericum monogynum L., belonging to the Hypericaceae family and the Hypericum genus, is an evergreen or deciduous shrub. It is highly adaptable, has a well-developed root system, and boasts strong sprouting and budding abilities, as well as tolerance to pruning. The flower buds and petals are spherical, resembling a peach blossom, with a cluster of golden thread-like stamens in the center, creating a dazzling and charming effect. In midsummer, its dense yellow flowers make it an excellent ornamental shrub, suitable for hedges, clump plantings, and solitary plantings. It also has a valuable traditional Chinese medicine component.

[0005] Current karst desertification control efforts primarily focus on ecological restoration, with little consideration given to landscape beautification. Given the weak productive function of karst mountains but their strong potential for tourism development, selecting suitable ornamental plants for vegetation restoration, soil and water conservation, and landscape beautification of damaged karst mountains is a crucial technical aspect of karst desertification ecological restoration.

[0006] Hypericum has strong ecological adaptability and ornamental value, and has been applied in ecological restoration and landscaping. However, there is still a lack of rapid landscape creation technology for its application in karst ecological restoration. How to apply Hypericum to rapidly improve the soil erosion resistance and create ornamental landscapes in karst rocky desertification areas with thin soil layers and high susceptibility to soil erosion has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to provide a method for ecological restoration and landscape creation of karst mountains, which solves the problem of how to restore and landscape karst rocky desertification mountains with thin soil layers and high susceptibility to soil erosion.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A method for ecological restoration and landscape construction in karst mountains, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Seedling selection: Select healthy 2-year-old cup-shaped Hypericum monogynum cutting seedlings with more than 3 basal branches, plant height above 30 cm, and basically the same growth state for standby;

[0010] S2. Planting site: Select the foot of karst stone mountains with sufficient sunlight, both sides of roads, and bare rock areas with soil in stone pits as planting sites. For stone pits, select the parts with cracks at the bottom for planting;

[0011] S3. Dig planting pits: The layout of the planting pits is carried out in row planting, patch planting or solitary planting according to the distribution of the on-site soil and rocks;

[0012] S4. Planting: In early February in spring, apply 2 kg of base fertilizer per planting pit, mix it with the soil; without loosening the soil ball, remove the nutrient bag, plant 2 plants per hole, place them side by side in the center of the pit at a spacing of 5 cm, immediately prune the planted seedlings after backfilling the soil, keep the whole plant height at 15 cm, and then pour enough root-fixing water;

[0013] S5. Initial cultivation and management after planting: One month after planting, pull out the weeds within a radius of 20 cm from the plant, loosen the soil to a depth of 10 cm, rake the top 5 cm of soil, avoid the basal branches, apply 100 g of compound fertilizer per plant, and then backfill the soil and pour enough water.

[0014] Further, in step S3, dig planting pits with dimensions of 30 cm × 30 cm × 40 cm. When row planting and patch planting, the plant spacing is 80 cm × 100 cm, and when patch planting, the rows are arranged in a "pin" shape.

[0015] Through the above settings, after the overall restoration, it can achieve a well-proportioned level, which is beneficial to soil and water conservation and the formation of beauty.

[0016] Further, in step S4, the base fertilizer for planting Hypericum monogynum is a compound microbial fertilizer, in which the effective viable bacteria count ≥ 0.20 billion / g, the total nutrient content is 10%, and the organic matter content ≥ 20%. Through the above settings, it can continuously and slowly provide nutrients for the plants.

[0017] Further, it also includes step S6. Pruning and management during the growth period: Conduct pruning and post-pruning cultivation and management once during the initial stage of reproductive growth in the first year after planting. In the second year, conduct pruning 1 time respectively before spring germination and after flowering, and conduct cultivation and management after pruning and during the flowering period. The specific methods are as follows:

[0018] S6.1. Pruning during the flowering period in the first year: When there are a small number of branches budding in the year of planting, prune the whole plant to a height of 40 cm; immediately remove weeds and apply top dressing in holes after pruning;

[0019] S6.2. Post-pruning care during the first flowering period: When the new shoots grow to 20cm, spray the leaves with foliar fertilizer and apply top dressing to the roots to promote the rapid growth of summer and autumn shoots.

[0020] S6.3 Pruning before bud break in the second year: In February of the second year, before the new shoots sprout, remove dead and weak branches and prune the entire plant to a height of 60cm; immediately after pruning, remove weeds and apply top dressing in holes;

[0021] S6.4. Second year flowering period management: In May of the second year, weeding and topdressing should be carried out before the buds of St. John's wort appear. After the buds appear in June, potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed on the leaves to promote a large number of St. John's wort flowers.

[0022] S6.5. Post-flowering pruning and maintenance in the second year: After the flowering period, immediately prune away the withered inflorescences, dead old branches and diseased and insect-infested branches. After pruning, apply top dressing fertilizer in the holes to promote the sprouting of new branches and the sprouting of more new flower buds in the following year. After that, prune and apply top dressing once each year before the spring shoots sprout and after flowering.

[0023] By setting the above, the germination of basal branches and sub-branches can be increased, resulting in a fuller plant shape and more abundant flowering.

[0024] Furthermore, in steps S6.2 and S6.4, the foliar fertilizer is a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, sprayed once every 15 days for a total of 2 times, and the amount is such that the leaves are moistened but do not clump together into water droplets.

[0025] The above settings allow for full absorption of the solution, enhancing photosynthesis and promoting flowering.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S6, after the St. John's wort is planted, each time topdressing is applied in the hole, the plant is the center, and a 10cm deep circular pit is dug on both sides of the plant with a radius of 25cm. 100g of compound fertilizer is sprinkled on each plant, avoiding the basal branches, and then the soil is covered and watered thoroughly.

[0027] By implementing the above settings, it is possible to prevent fertilizer from damaging the root system.

[0028] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this solution are:

[0029] This program leverages the characteristics of Hypericum perforatum, such as its strong ability to sprout and bud after pruning, high shrub density, high biomass, and abundant litter, which effectively intercept and retain rainfall. In early February, two-year-old Hypericum perforatum cuttings with abundant basal branches are planted in karst hills. Immediately after planting, the entire plant is pruned to a dwarf state, and topdressing is applied in holes to promote rapid sprouting and branching. When a small number of new shoots appear, a second dwarf pruning is performed. After the new shoots have spread out, foliar fertilizer and topdressing in holes are applied to promote the sprouting of a large number of summer and autumn shoots. Then, in early spring of the following year, the previous year's summer and autumn shoots are pruned again. Weeding and fertilization are then immediately carried out to promote rapid sprouting and branching. By June of the same year, the rows of Hypericum perforatum planted in the same year will have closed the canopy, producing a large number of basal branches and branches, which can quickly play a role in cooling, intercepting and retaining rainfall, and reducing soil erosion, resulting in significant ecological benefits. This is the peak blooming season for Hypericum perforatum. Through nutrient management during the flowering period, numerous inflorescences sprout from the branches and basal shoots, with individual flowers gradually opening. The flowering period can last for more than a month. Hypericum perforatum has beautiful leaves, golden petals, and numerous stamens that are slender and delicate like golden threads, making it beautiful and charming. It blends seamlessly with the karst landscape, creating a harmonious and picturesque scene with excellent visual effects. This achieves the dual goals of ecological restoration and landscape creation for the karst mountains. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 The image shows Hypericum perforatum seedlings used in a method for ecological restoration and landscape creation in karst mountains according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a picture of a solitary St. John's wort planted in a method for ecological restoration and landscape creation in karst mountains according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a picture of St. John's wort planted along the roadside in a method for ecological restoration and landscape creation of karst mountains according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a picture of St. John's wort planted at the foot of a mountain in a method for ecological restoration and landscape creation of karst mountains according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is an image of Hypericum perforatum planted on bare rock in a method for ecological restoration and landscape creation of karst mountains according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments:

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A method for ecological restoration and landscape creation in karst mountains, in this embodiment, uses single-cup, pruning-free planting of Hypericum perforatum, and the method includes the following steps:

[0038] S1. Seedling selection: such as Figure 1As shown, select healthy Hypericum cup seedlings that have been propagated by cuttings for 2 years, are robust, have more than 3 basal branches, and a plant height of more than 30 cm.

[0039] S2. Planting location: Select sunny karst stone mountains, the foot of the mountains, both sides of the roads, and exposed rock areas with soil in stone pits in Sian Village, Jiahui Town, Gongcheng County and Dalin Village, Xiling Town, Guilin City as the planting sites. For the stone pits, select the sites with cracks at the bottom for planting.

[0040] S3. Dig planting pits: The layout of the planting pits is carried out according to the distribution of soil and rocks on site. It can be row planting, block planting or solitary planting (as shown in...). When row planting and block planting, the row spacing of the planting holes is 80 cm ×  100 cm. When block planting, the rows are arranged in a "pin" shape. When the soil area is large, dig planting pits with dimensions of 30 cm × 30 cm × 40 cm. Figure 2-5 As shown

[0041] S4. Planting: In the early spring of February, apply 2 kg of base fertilizer per pit in the dug planting pits and mix it with the soil. The base fertilizer used in this step is a compound microbial fertilizer, with an effective viable bacteria count ≥ 0.20 billion / g, a total nutrient content of 10%, and an organic matter content ≥ 20%. When planting, remove the bag, protect the soil ball well, plant 1 plant in the center of each pit, backfill the topsoil, and then pour sufficient root-fixing water.

[0042] S5. Cultivation and management: One month after planting, taking the plant as the center, remove the weeds within a radius of 20 cm and loosen the soil to a depth of 10 cm. After raking open the top 5 cm of soil, scatter 100 g of compound fertilizer per plant, avoiding the basal branches, and then cover it with the raked top 5 cm of soil, and pour sufficient water.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] The difference between this example and Example 1 is only that: in this example, Hypericum double-cup non-pruning planting cultivation is adopted, that is, when planting, this example uses 2 cup seedlings in one pit, placed side by side in the center of the pit with a spacing of 5 cm.

[0045] The remaining steps and methods are the same as those in Example 1.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] The difference between this example and Example 1 is only that: in this example, Hypericum single-cup pruning planting cultivation is adopted, that is, when planting, after backfilling the soil in this example, prune off the dead and weak branches, and prune the planted seedlings. Keep the whole plant at a height of 15 cm, and then pour sufficient root-fixing water, which can promote the germination of basal branches and branches as early as possible.

[0048] The remaining steps and methods are the same as those in Example 1.

[0049] Example 4

[0050] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that this embodiment uses double-cup pruning and planting of St. John's wort. That is, when planting, this embodiment uses two seedlings per hole, with a spacing of 5cm, placed side by side in the center of the hole. After planting and backfilling the soil, the dead and weak branches are pruned, and the planted seedlings are pruned to retain a height of 15cm. After that, the roots are watered.

[0051] The remaining steps and methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0052] After a 4-month period of fixed growth (i.e., the first flowering period) following the methods in Examples 1-4, the growth of Hypericum plants under different treatments was obtained as shown in Table 1 below.

[0053] Table 1. Growth of Hypericum plants under different treatments

[0054]

[0055] As shown in Table 1 above, regardless of whether single or double cup planting is used, four months after planting, the number of basal branches (rootstock branches) and branches (all branches above 20cm) of the pruned plants are nearly twice that of the corresponding unpruned plants, and the crown width is also greater. Because of the re-sprouting after pruning, the pruned plants are all shorter than the corresponding unpruned plants and have no inflorescences, while the unpruned plants have a few inflorescences. This indicates that St. John's wort exhibits significant apical dominance and has a strong ability to sprout and branch after pruning and planting.

[0056] Whether St. John's wort is pruned or not at the time of planting, four months after planting, the number of basal branches and branches of double-cup plants are nearly twice that of the corresponding single-cup plants. The crown width and number of inflorescences are also greater than those of single-cup plants, while the plant height is not much different between the two.

[0057] Example 5

[0058] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 4 is that this embodiment also includes step S6, pruning and management during the growth period: In the first year after planting, pruning and post-pruning care are carried out during the early stage of reproductive growth. In the second year, pruning is carried out once before budding in spring and once after flowering, and care is carried out after pruning and during flowering. The specific methods are as follows:

[0059] S6.1 Pruning during the first flowering period: After the St. John's wort has been planted and has a few branches and buds, perform a second pruning, keeping the plant height at 40cm. Immediately after pruning, remove weeds and dig a 10cm deep circular pit on both sides of the plant with a radius of 25cm to apply fertilizer. Spread 100g of compound fertilizer on each plant, avoiding the basal branches, then cover with soil and water thoroughly.

[0060] S6.2 Post-pruning care during the first flowering period: When the new shoots reach about 20cm in length during the flowering period of the first year, apply top dressing fertilizer to the root holes and spray the leaves with a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution twice, once every 15 days, to promote the rapid growth of summer and autumn shoots.

[0061] S6.3 Pruning before bud break in the second year: In February of the second year, before the new shoots of St. John's wort sprout, first remove dead and weak branches, then prune the entire plant, retaining a height of 60cm. Similar to the second pruning, immediately weed and apply top dressing after pruning.

[0062] S6.4. Second-year flowering period management: In May of the second year, before the buds appear on the St. John's wort, weed and apply top dressing in holes. After the buds appear in June, spray the leaves twice with a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, once every 15 days, to promote abundant flowering.

[0063] S6.5. Post-flowering pruning and maintenance in the second year: After flowering, prune away the withered inflorescences and remove dead, old, diseased, and insect-infested branches. Apply fertilizer in the holes after pruning to promote the growth of new branches, so that more new flower buds will sprout in the following year. Thereafter, prune and apply fertilizer once each before the spring shoots sprout and after flowering.

[0064] Example 6

[0065] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the cultivation method of St. John's wort during its growth period is different in this embodiment. That is, pruning is not carried out before the second year's budding, but weeding and topdressing are carried out.

[0066] The other steps and methods are the same as in Example 5.

[0067] Example 7

[0068] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the cultivation method of St. John's wort during its growth period is different in this embodiment. That is, pruning is not carried out during the first flowering period, but weeding and topdressing are carried out.

[0069] The other steps and methods are the same as in Example 5.

[0070] Example 8

[0071] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the cultivation method of St. John's wort during its growth period is different in this embodiment. That is, pruning is not carried out during the flowering period in the first year and before the budding in the second year, but weeding and topdressing are carried out.

[0072] The other steps and methods are the same as in Example 5.

[0073] After 16 months of fixed-value cultivation (i.e., the second year of flowering) using the methods in Examples 5-8, the growth of Hypericum plants under different cultivation methods was obtained as shown in Table 2 below.

[0074] Table 2. Growth of Hypericum plants under different cultivation methods

[0075]

[0076] As shown in Table 2 above, after pruning and planting, the number of basal branches, branches, inflorescences, and crown width of St. John's wort treated with pruning during both the first flowering period and February of the second year were higher than those of other treatments. The values ​​were lowest for those not treated with pruning during both the first flowering period and February of the second year, while the values ​​for those treated with pruning during the first flowering period were higher than those for those treated with pruning in February of the second year. This further indicates that St. John's wort has a strong ability to sprout new shoots and branches after pruning, and dwarfing pruning before early spring budding and after flowering is beneficial to promoting the sprouting of new branches and flowering in the following year.

[0077] After pruning and planting St. John's wort, the highest value was achieved when no pruning was performed during the first flowering period and in February of the second year, while the lowest value was achieved when pruning was performed during both the first flowering period and February of the second year. The value of pruning during the first flowering period was higher than that of pruning in February of the second year.

[0078] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific structures and / or characteristics in the solutions are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration and landscape creation in karst mountains, characterized by: It includes the following steps: S1. Selection of seedlings: Select robust 2-year-old cup-shaped Hypericum perforatum cuttings with more than 3 basal branches, plant height over 30 cm, and basically the same growth status for standby. S2. Planting site: Select the foot of karst stone mountains with sufficient sunlight, both sides of roads, and exposed rock areas with soil in stone pits as planting sites. For stone pits, select parts with cracks at the bottom for planting. S3. Dig planting pits: The arrangement of planting pits is carried out in row planting, patch planting or single-plant planting according to the distribution of the on-site soil and rocks. S4. Planting: In early February in spring, apply 2 kg of base fertilizer per planting pit and mix it with the soil; without loosening the soil ball, remove the nutrient bag, plant 2 plants in each hole, place them side by side in the center of the pit at a spacing of 5 cm, immediately prune the planted seedlings after backfilling the soil, keep the whole plant at a height of 15 cm, and then pour sufficient root-fixing water. S5. Initial tending management after planting: One month after planting, pull out the weeds within a radius of 20 cm from the plants, loosen the soil to a depth of 10 cm, rake open the top 5 cm of soil, avoid the basal branches, apply 100 g of compound fertilizer per plant, and then backfill the soil and drench it thoroughly with water. In step S3, dig planting pits with dimensions of 30 cm × 30 cm × 40 cm, the plant spacing for row planting and patch planting is 80 cm × 100 cm, and the rows in patch planting are arranged in a "pin" shape. In step S4, the base fertilizer for Hypericum perforatum planting is a compound microbial fertilizer, in which the effective viable bacteria count ≥ 0.20 billion / g, the total nutrient content is 10%, and the organic matter content ≥ 20%. It also includes step S6. Pruning and management during the growth period: Conduct pruning and post-pruning tending management once during the initial stage of reproductive growth in the first year after planting. In the second year, conduct pruning once before spring budding and after flowering respectively, and conduct tending management after pruning and during the flowering period. The specific methods are as follows: S6.

1. Pruning during the first-year flowering period: When a small number of branches show flower buds in the year of planting, prune the whole plant to a height of 保留高度40cm修枝; immediately remove weeds and apply topdressing in holes after pruning. S6.

2. Management after pruning during the first-year flowering period: When the new shoots after pruning grow to 20 cm, spray foliar fertilizer on the leaves and apply topdressing in holes at the roots to promote the rapid growth of summer and autumn shoots. S6.

3. Pruning before budding in the second year: Before the new shoots germinate in February of the second year, remove the dead and weak branches and then prune the whole plant to a height of 保留高度60cm修枝; immediately remove weeds and apply topdressing in holes after pruning. S6.

4. Management during the second-year flowering period: In May of the second year, remove weeds and apply topdressing in holes before Hypericum perforatum shows flower buds. After it shows flower buds in June, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves to promote the abundant flowering of Hypericum perforatum. S6.

5. Pruning and management after flowering in the second year: Immediately after the flowering period, prune off the withered inflorescences, old and diseased branches. After pruning, apply topdressing in holes to promote the germination of new branches and more new flower buds in the coming year. After that, conduct pruning and topdressing once before the spring shoots germinate and after flowering every year.

2. The method for ecological restoration and landscape creation in karst mountains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps S6.2 and S6.4, the foliar fertilizer sprayed is a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, the spraying frequency is once every 15 days for a total of 2 times, and the dosage is to make the leaves moist but not form water droplets.

3. The method for ecological restoration and landscape creation in karst mountains according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, after the St. John's wort is planted, each time topdressing is applied in the hole, the plant is the center, and a 10cm deep circular pit is dug on both sides of the plant with a radius of 25cm. 100g of compound fertilizer is sprinkled on each plant, avoiding the basal branches, and then the soil is covered and watered thoroughly.

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