A method and device for calculating soil and water loss and detecting water transparency

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and device for measuring soil and water loss and detecting water transparency, which relates to the field of soil and water loss detection, including determining the distribution density of water sampling points in the area to be measured based on the environmental impact value; detecting the soil loss amount at each water sampling point to obtain the first soil loss assessment value at each water sampling point; sampling water at each water sampling point with the corresponding sampled water volume and performing transparency detection to obtain the water transparency assessment value; comprehensively analyzing to obtain the soil and water loss measurement abnormal value of each water sampling point, and processing to generate the soil and water loss measurement result; counting all water sampling points with abnormal soil and water loss measurement results to mark them, and sending early warning information to the management terminal. The present invention comprehensively measures and detects soil and water loss and water transparency by comprehensively considering multiple influencing factors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of soil and water loss detection, and in particular to a method and equipment for soil and water loss measurement and water body transparency detection. Background Art

[0002] Soil erosion refers to the destruction, erosion, transportation and deposition of soil and its parent material due to natural factors and human activities. This process causes particles, organic matter and other substances in the soil to be washed away by water and carried into the water body, thus affecting the quality of the water body. By using advanced monitoring equipment and methods, the extent and scope of soil erosion, as well as its impact on water quality indicators such as water transparency, can be more accurately assessed. These monitoring data can provide a scientific basis for formulating effective soil erosion prevention and control measures and water resource protection strategies.

[0003] The prior art, such as the invention patent with announcement number: CN115753478B, is a method for monitoring the amount of soil and water loss in a red soil slope runoff plot, comprising the following steps: stirring the diversion pool and / or the collecting pool; sampling, taking out and fixing the muddy water in the diversion pool and / or the collecting pool in sequence, and calculating the sand content of the diversion pool and / or the collecting pool; calibrating the sand content of the diversion pool and / or the collecting pool to obtain the true value of the sand content of the diversion pool and / or the collecting pool after calibration; calculating the water volume of the diversion pool and / or the collecting pool through the relationship of the scale water level-volume curve; and calculating the amount of surface soil and water loss in the red soil slope runoff plot based on the water volume of the diversion pool and / or the collecting pool and the true value of the sand content of the diversion pool and / or the collecting pool.

[0004] The prior art, such as the invention patent with announcement number: CN103267703B, is a method for measuring the amount of soil and water loss caused by surface covers, which includes the following steps: S1, laying out runoff areas; S2, evenly covering the surface covers in the runoff areas; S3, recording the flow generation time of the runoff areas and collecting runoff sediment samples; S4, filtering the runoff sediment samples, weighing and recording the weight of the filtered runoff sediment samples, weighing and recording the amount of sediment produced during rainfall after air drying, and calculating the runoff amount during rainfall. By building a slope runoff area, surface covers of the same mass (or thickness) but different types or surface covers of different mass (or thickness) but the same type are evenly laid in the runoff area, and a quantitative study is conducted on the type of surface covers and the thickness of surface covers in reducing the amount of soil and water loss.

[0005] Based on the above scheme, it can be seen that the existing technology often only focuses on simply measuring the amount of soil loss or measuring the transparency of water bodies to judge the degree of soil erosion. However, in the actual measurement process, soil erosion and water transparency are affected by many factors. Therefore, when analyzing the relationship between soil erosion and water quality transparency, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the effects of various factors. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method and device for measuring soil and water loss and detecting water transparency. To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method and device for measuring soil and water loss and detecting water transparency, comprising:

[0007] Collect environmental impact data of the area to be measured, process and generate environmental impact values ​​of the area to be measured, and determine the distribution density of water sampling points in the area to be measured based on the environmental impact values ​​of the area to be measured.

[0008] Based on the distribution density of water body sampling points in the area to be measured, the sampling and measuring devices are arranged in the area to be measured. After the rainfall event stops, the soil loss amount of each water body sampling point is detected at the initial time node of the preset measurement period to obtain the first assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point.

[0009] Based on the first assessment value of soil loss at each water sampling point, the sampled water volume of each water sampling point is determined. After the rainfall event stops, water sampling and transparency detection are carried out at each water sampling point with the corresponding sampled water volume at the cutoff time node of the preset measurement period to obtain the water transparency assessment value of each water sampling point.

[0010] Based on the water transparency assessment value of each water body sampling point, a comprehensive analysis is performed to obtain the abnormal value of soil and water loss calculation at each water body sampling point, and the soil and water loss calculation results of each water body sampling point are generated through processing.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the environmental impact data of the area to be measured is collected and the environmental impact value of the area to be measured is generated by processing. The specific process is as follows:

[0012] The environmental impact data of the area to be measured are collected, and the environmental impact data include historical rainfall impact data and geographical environment impact data. The historical rainfall impact data include the number of rainfall events in a set historical period, the average rainfall amount per event, and the average rainfall rate per event. The geographical environment impact data include representative soil types, vegetation coverage, average slope length, and average slope.

[0013] Based on the environmental impact data of the area to be measured, the environmental impact value of the area to be measured is obtained through analysis and processing, and the environmental impact value of the area to be measured is used to characterize the potential risk degree of soil and water loss in the area to be measured.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the distribution density of water sampling points in the area to be measured is determined based on the environmental impact value of the area to be measured. The specific process is:

[0015] Based on the environmental impact value of the area to be measured, the water sampling point distribution density corresponding to each environmental impact value interval stored in the database is mapped and matched to obtain the water sampling point distribution density corresponding to the environmental impact value interval of the area to be measured, and use it as the water sampling point distribution density of the area to be measured.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, obtaining the first assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point specifically includes:

[0017] Based on the distribution density of water sampling points in the area to be measured, the sampling and measuring devices are arranged in the area to be measured.

[0018] The sampling and measuring device comprises a water body sampling device and a soil and water loss measuring device.

[0019] When a rainfall event occurs in the area to be measured, at the initial time node of the preset measurement period after the rainfall event stops, the amount of soil in the soil and water loss measurement device at each water body sampling point is counted, and the average rainfall in the area to be measured for this rainfall event is obtained to perform soil loss measurement processing to obtain the first assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point. The first assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point is used to characterize the immediate impact of the rainfall event on soil loss.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, the amount of sampled water at each water body sampling point is determined based on the first soil loss assessment value at each water body sampling point, specifically including:

[0021] The first soil loss assessment value of each water body sampling point is extracted, and mapped and matched with the sampled water volume corresponding to each soil loss first assessment value interval preset in the database to obtain the sampled water volume of each water body sampling point.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, the water sampling and transparency detection are performed at each water sampling point with a corresponding amount of sampled water to obtain a water transparency assessment value at each water sampling point, specifically including:

[0023] The suspended matter concentration, dissolved organic matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration of the water samples taken at each water sampling point were tested, and compared with the standard values ​​of suspended matter concentration, dissolved organic matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration extracted from the database to obtain the water transparency assessment value of each water sampling point.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution, the comprehensive analysis to obtain abnormal values ​​of soil and water loss calculation at each water body sampling point specifically includes:

[0025] At the cutoff time node of the preset measurement period after the rainfall event stops, the new soil amount in the soil and water loss measurement device at each water body sampling point is measured again to obtain the second assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point, which is then fused with the first assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point to obtain a comprehensive assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point.

[0026] Obtain the real-time environmental impact data set of each water body sampling point, and process and analyze to obtain the real-time environmental impact value of each water body sampling point.

[0027] According to the immediate environmental impact value, comprehensive soil loss assessment value and water transparency assessment value of each water body sampling point, the soil and water loss calculation anomaly value of each water body sampling point is obtained through comprehensive processing and analysis.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution, the processing and analysis obtains the real-time environmental impact value of each water sampling point, and the specific processing conditions are:

[0029] The real-time environmental impact data set of each water body sampling point at the cutoff time node of the preset measurement period after the rainfall event stops is detected, including the real-time water temperature and real-time water pH value of each water body sampling point, and the slope and vegetation coverage rate of the mapping area to which each water body sampling point belongs are simultaneously counted, and the real-time environmental impact value of each water body sampling point is generated through processing and analysis.

[0030] As a preferred technical solution, the comprehensive analysis obtains the abnormal values ​​of soil and water loss calculation at each water body sampling point, and processes and generates the soil and water loss calculation results at each water body sampling point. The specific processing conditions are:

[0031] According to the immediate environmental impact value, soil loss comprehensive assessment value and water transparency assessment value of each water sampling point, the soil and water loss abnormal value of each water sampling point is obtained through comprehensive processing and analysis. The specific processing conditions are as follows:

[0032] ;

[0033] in, For the Abnormal values ​​of soil and water loss calculation at each water body sampling point, For the Comprehensive assessment value of soil loss at each water sampling point, For the The water transparency assessment value of each water sampling point, For the The real-time environmental impact value of each water sampling point, Number the water sampling points. , is the total number of water sampling points.

[0034] The soil and water loss calculation anomaly value of each water body sampling point is compared with the soil and water loss calculation anomaly value threshold pre-stored in the database to obtain the soil and water loss calculation result of each water body sampling point.

[0035] When the soil and water loss calculation abnormal value of a water body sampling point is greater than or equal to the soil and water loss calculation abnormal value threshold, the soil and water loss calculation result of the water body sampling point is judged to be severe.

[0036] When the soil and water loss calculation abnormal value of a water body sampling point is less than the soil and water loss calculation abnormal value threshold, the soil and water loss calculation result of the water body sampling point is determined to be normal.

[0037] The present invention also provides a device using the soil and water loss measurement and water transparency detection method, comprising:

[0038] The power supply device is composed of a battery module and a battery charging circuit, and is used to supply power to the soil and water loss measuring device and the water transparency detecting device.

[0039] The intelligent control device is composed of a single-chip intelligent controller and is used to realize the timing control of mechatronics.

[0040] Sampling storage box, used to store water sampling samples.

[0041] The water sample extraction device is composed of a water pump, an electric valve, a water sample collection bottle and an automatic control bayonet fixing device for the bottle body, and is used for extracting water sampling samples.

[0042] An electric valve control device is used to control the collection of water sampling samples.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0044] (1) The present invention provides a method for calculating soil erosion and detecting water transparency. By analyzing historical rainfall and geographic environmental data, areas with a higher risk of soil erosion can be identified. Increasing the density of sampling points in these areas can more accurately monitor and evaluate environmental impacts, ensuring the representativeness and reliability of monitoring data. By analyzing historical rainfall and geographic environmental data, areas with a higher risk of soil erosion can be identified. Increasing the density of sampling points in these areas can more accurately monitor and evaluate environmental impacts, ensuring the representativeness and reliability of monitoring data.

[0045] (2) The present invention comprehensively analyzes the dynamic changes of soil loss after the rainfall stops by integrating the first assessment value and the second assessment value of soil loss, which helps to comprehensively characterize the comprehensive impact of rainfall events on soil loss and improve the accuracy of the assessment.

[0046] (3) The present invention considers the impact of the immediate environment on the transparency of the water body. Since the transparency of the water body is affected by many factors, the impact of the environment on the transparency of the water body can be more accurately evaluated by detecting the immediate environmental parameters, thereby more comprehensively and accurately evaluating the results of soil and water loss calculation.

[0047] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the above advantages at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a device module involved in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "opening", "upper", "lower", "thickness", "top", "middle", "length", "inside", "all around" and the like indicating orientation or positional relationship are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0052] See also Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for calculating soil and water loss and detecting water transparency, including:

[0053] Collect environmental impact data of the area to be measured, process and generate environmental impact values ​​of the area to be measured, and determine the distribution density of water sampling points in the area to be measured based on the environmental impact values ​​of the area to be measured.

[0054] The environmental impact data of the area to be measured are collected and processed to generate the environmental impact value of the area to be measured. The specific process is as follows:

[0055] The environmental impact data of the area to be measured are collected, and the environmental impact data include historical rainfall impact data and geographical environment impact data. The historical rainfall impact data include the number of rainfall events in a set historical period, the average rainfall amount per event, and the average rainfall rate per event. The geographical environment impact data include representative soil types, vegetation coverage, average slope length, and average slope.

[0056] The historical rainfall impact data is obtained by searching the meteorological log of the area to be calculated, and the geographical environment impact data is obtained by searching the geographical log of the area to be calculated. In another embodiment, the geographical environment impact data is obtained through field investigation.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present invention, the historical period is set to the past five years.

[0058] The number of rainfall events reflects the frequency of rainfall in the set historical period. Frequent rainfall events will aggravate soil erosion.

[0059] The average rainfall per rainfall event indicates the average rainfall amount per rainfall event. A large amount of rainfall can cause soil erosion in a short period of time.

[0060] The average rainfall rate per single rainfall event refers to the rainfall intensity, that is, the amount of rainfall per unit time. High rainfall rates often lead to stronger water flows, increasing the degree of soil erosion.

[0061] It is important to note that different types of soil have different resistances to erosion. For example, clay and loam soils are generally more resistant to erosion than sandy soils because their particles are smaller and more compact.

[0062] High vegetation coverage can protect the soil, reduce soil erosion, help stabilize the soil, and reduce the direct impact of rainwater on the soil, thereby reducing the risk of soil erosion.

[0063] The longer the average slope length, the longer the distance water flows on the slope, the stronger the erosion force, and causes more soil loss.

[0064] The greater the average slope, the faster the water flow and the stronger the erosion. Steep slopes are more prone to soil erosion.

[0065] A set of environmental impact data reference values ​​is extracted from the database, including a set of historical rainfall impact data reference values ​​and a set of geographical environment impact data reference values, wherein the set of historical rainfall impact data reference values ​​includes a reference value for the number of rainfall events, a reference value for a single average rainfall amount, and a reference value for a single average rainfall rate, and the set of geographical environment impact data reference values ​​includes a reference value for vegetation coverage, a reference value for average slope length, and a reference value for average slope.

[0066] It should be noted that the reference value set of historical rainfall impact data and the reference value set of geographical environment impact data extracted from the database, in a specific embodiment, are directly set in the built-in software database of the soil and water loss measurement device involved in the embodiment of the present invention during manufacturing, and are obtained by analyzing through statistical methods, including statistics on historical rainfall impact data and geographical environment impact data under historical severe soil and water loss conditions (for example, the erosion modulus of a certain area is 10 tons / hectare / year), and averaging is performed to obtain the reference value set of historical rainfall impact data and the reference value set of geographical environment impact data.

[0067] The proportion of each type of soil in the area to be measured is counted, and the soil type with the highest distribution proportion is selected as the representative soil type of the area to be measured. It is matched with the soil type influencing factors corresponding to each soil type extracted from the database to obtain the representative soil type influencing factors of the area to be measured.

[0068] Based on the environmental impact data of the area to be measured, the environmental impact value of the area to be measured is obtained through analysis and processing, and the environmental impact value of the area to be measured is used to characterize the potential risk degree of soil and water loss in the area to be measured.

[0069] The analysis and processing obtains the environmental impact value of the area to be measured, and the specific processing process is:

[0070] ;

[0071] in, is the environmental impact value of the area to be measured, To calculate the number of rainfall events in the area during the set historical period, The average rainfall in the area to be measured in the set historical period. The average rainfall rate of a single rainfall in the set historical period in the area to be measured. is the influencing factor of the representative soil type in the area to be measured, is the vegetation coverage rate of the area to be measured, is the average slope length of the area to be measured, is the average slope of the area to be measured, is the reference value of the number of rainfall events, is the reference value of single average rainfall, is the reference value of the single average rainfall rate, is the reference value of vegetation coverage, is the average slope length reference value, is the average slope reference value, x represents the soil type number, , Represents the total number of soil types. The softplus function is a built-in function in Python. .

[0072] It should be noted that there is a certain correlation between the parameters of historical rainfall impact data and geographical environment impact data. Soil type affects the infiltration and runoff of rainfall. Vegetation can absorb part of the rainfall, reduce the number and force of raindrops directly impacting the soil, and thus reduce the risk of soil erosion. The root system of vegetation can enhance the structure of the soil and reduce erosion. Therefore, when the vegetation coverage rate is high, the risk of soil erosion may be reduced even if the rainfall is large. Soil type affects the growth of vegetation, and vegetation protects the soil through its root system. The two work together to affect the risk of soil erosion. Frequent rainfall will keep the soil in a state of continuous wetness, reduce the structural stability of the soil, and thus increase the possibility of soil erosion. The amount of rainfall directly affects the volume of surface runoff. Larger rainfall is often accompanied by stronger runoff, which will aggravate soil erosion. The topography determines the direction and speed of runoff, while the rainfall data determines the amount of runoff. On steep slopes, even a small amount of rainfall may cause serious soil erosion. The stability of the soil and the steepness of the terrain jointly determine the sensitivity of soil erosion. Soil type affects its ability to resist erosion, while topography affects the direction and speed of water flow, both of which work together to affect soil erosion. Rainfall patterns affect soil moisture, which in turn affects soil stability. Different soil types erode to different degrees under the same rainfall conditions.

[0073] The specific process of determining the distribution density of water sampling points in the area to be measured based on the environmental impact value of the area to be measured is as follows:

[0074] Based on the environmental impact value of the area to be measured, the water sampling point distribution density corresponding to each environmental impact value interval pre-stored in the database is mapped and matched to obtain the water sampling point distribution density corresponding to the interval where the environmental impact value of the area to be measured is located, and used as the water sampling point distribution density of the area to be measured. In an embodiment of the present invention, the water sampling point distribution density of the area to be measured is the average distance between the sampling points. For example, if the environmental impact value of a certain area to be measured is 3.4, the water sampling point distribution density of the area to be measured is 10 meters.

[0075] Based on the distribution density of water body sampling points in the area to be measured, the sampling and measuring devices are arranged in the area to be measured. After the rainfall event stops, the soil loss amount of each water body sampling point is detected at the initial time node of the preset measurement period to obtain the first assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point.

[0076] The obtaining of the first soil loss assessment value at each water body sampling point specifically includes:

[0077] Based on the distribution density of water sampling points in the area to be measured, the sampling and measuring devices are arranged in the area to be measured.

[0078] The sampling and measuring device comprises a water body sampling device and a soil and water loss measuring device.

[0079] When a rainfall event occurs in the area to be measured, at the initial time node of the preset measurement period after the rainfall event stops, the amount of soil in the soil and water loss measurement device at each water body sampling point is counted, and the average rainfall in the area to be measured for this rainfall event is obtained to perform soil loss measurement processing to obtain the first assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point. The first assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point is used to characterize the immediate impact of the rainfall event on soil loss.

[0080] The average rainfall in the area to be measured is obtained by a standard rain gauge.

[0081] The preset measurement period after the rainfall event stops is set to 30 minutes in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0082] The amount of soil in the soil and water loss measuring device can quantify the amount of soil loss caused by the rainfall event, directly reflecting the immediate impact of the rainfall event on soil erosion.

[0083] The average rainfall in the area where rainfall events need to be measured is used to measure rainfall erosivity, which can characterize the intensity of soil erosion.

[0084] The soil volume threshold in the soil and water loss measurement device is extracted from the database.

[0085] The soil volume threshold is processed as follows: in a specific embodiment, the soil volume threshold is set directly in the built-in software database of the soil and water loss measurement device involved in the embodiment of the present invention during manufacturing. There are many methods for setting the soil volume threshold, such as obtaining it through statistical analysis, including counting the soil volume in the soil and water loss measurement device under historical severe soil and water loss conditions, and averaging the soil volumes obtained multiple times to obtain the soil volume threshold, or experts judge the boundary between severe soil and water loss conditions and normal soil and water loss conditions through corresponding historical data to set the threshold, thereby adjusting the threshold.

[0086] The rainfall intensity factor corresponding to each average rainfall interval is extracted from the database, and the average rainfall in the area to be measured for this rainfall event is mapped and matched with the rainfall intensity factor corresponding to each average rainfall interval to obtain the rainfall intensity factor in the area to be measured for this rainfall event.

[0087] The processing obtains the first assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point, and the specific processing conditions are:

[0088] ;

[0089] in, For the The first assessment value of soil loss at each water sampling point, For the The amount of soil in the soil and water loss measurement device at the initial time node for each water sampling point, is the soil volume threshold in the soil and water loss measurement device at the initial time node, The rainfall intensity factor of the area to be measured for this rainfall event, Number the water sampling points. , is the total number of water sampling points.

[0090] Based on the first assessment value of soil loss at each water sampling point, the sampled water volume of each water sampling point is determined. After the rainfall event stops, water sampling and transparency detection are carried out at each water sampling point with the corresponding sampled water volume at the cutoff time node of the preset measurement period to obtain the water transparency assessment value of each water sampling point.

[0091] The method of determining the amount of sampled water at each water body sampling point based on the first soil loss assessment value at each water body sampling point specifically includes:

[0092] The first soil loss assessment value of each water body sampling point is extracted, and mapped and matched with the sampled water volume corresponding to each soil loss first assessment value interval preset in the database to obtain the sampled water volume of each water body sampling point. For example, in another embodiment of the invention, if the first soil loss assessment value of a water body sampling point is 2, then the sampled water volume of the water body sampling point is 200 ml.

[0093] The method of sampling water at each water sampling point with a corresponding amount of sampled water and performing transparency detection to obtain a water transparency assessment value at each water sampling point specifically includes:

[0094] The suspended matter concentration, dissolved organic matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration of water samples taken at each water sampling point were tested by a multi-parameter water quality detector, and compared with the standard values ​​of suspended matter concentration, dissolved organic matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration extracted from the database to obtain the water transparency assessment value of each water sampling point.

[0095] It should be noted that the standard value of suspended matter concentration, standard value of dissolved organic matter concentration and standard value of chlorophyll a concentration extracted from the database, in a specific embodiment, is directly set in the built-in software database of the soil and water loss measurement device involved in the embodiment of the present invention during manufacturing, and is obtained by statistical analysis, including statistics on the suspended matter concentration, dissolved organic matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration of water sampling samples under historical water turbidity conditions (for example, water turbidity greater than 5NTU), and mean processing is performed to obtain the standard value of suspended matter concentration, standard value of dissolved organic matter concentration and standard value of chlorophyll a concentration.

[0096] Suspended matter is one of the main factors affecting water transparency. Suspended matter includes silt, clay, algae residues, microorganisms and other particulate matter, which can scatter and absorb light and reduce the light transmittance of the water. When the concentration of suspended matter increases, the water becomes more turbid, the light penetration ability decreases, and the transparency decreases.

[0097] Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can affect the optical properties of water. Certain components of DOM can absorb specific wavelengths of light, which can affect the color and transparency of water. High concentrations of DOM may cause the water to become darker, thereby reducing transparency.

[0098] Chlorophyll a is a pigment found in algae and other photosynthetic organisms. When chlorophyll a concentration increases, it usually means an increase in algal biomass. Excessive algal growth can cause algal blooms in water bodies, making the water body dark green or brownish yellow and significantly reducing transparency.

[0099] Water transparency is an important indicator of the optical properties of water, which is directly related to the sensory quality and ecological health of water. Reduced transparency usually means deterioration of water quality, which may affect the growth of aquatic organisms and human water safety.

[0100] The specific processing conditions for obtaining the water transparency assessment value of each water sampling point are as follows:

[0101] ;

[0102] in, For the The water transparency assessment value of each water sampling point, For the The suspended matter concentration of samples taken from each water sampling point, For the The dissolved organic matter concentration of samples from each water sampling point, For the Chlorophyll a concentration of samples from water sampling points, is the standard value of suspended matter concentration of the sample, is the standard value of dissolved organic matter concentration of the sample, is the standard value of chlorophyll a concentration of the sample, Number the water sampling points. , is the total number of water sampling points, is the activation function, .

[0103] It should be noted that there is a certain correlation between the suspended matter concentration, dissolved organic matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration of the water samples collected at each sampling point. The suspended matter may contain organic matter, which can be decomposed in the water or converted into dissolved organic matter (DOM) through physical processes (such as water flow). The sedimentation and decomposition process of suspended matter may release dissolved organic matter, thereby affecting the DOM concentration in the water. Algae residues and living algae cells in suspended matter contain chlorophyll a, so the level of suspended matter concentration has a certain correlation with the chlorophyll a concentration. An increase in suspended matter may mean an increase in algae in the water body, which is usually accompanied by an increase in chlorophyll a concentration. Algae release dissolved organic matter during growth and death, so the concentration of dissolved organic matter is also high in water bodies with high chlorophyll a concentration. Dissolved organic matter can serve as a nutrient source for algae growth, and its concentration will affect the growth rate and biomass of algae, and then affect the concentration of chlorophyll a.

[0104] Based on the water transparency assessment value of each water body sampling point, a comprehensive analysis is performed to obtain the abnormal value of soil and water loss calculation at each water body sampling point, and the soil and water loss calculation results of each water body sampling point are generated through processing.

[0105] The comprehensive analysis obtains abnormal values ​​of soil and water loss calculation at each water body sampling point, specifically including:

[0106] At the cutoff time node of the preset measurement period after the rainfall event stops, the new soil amount in the soil and water loss measurement device at each water body sampling point is measured again to obtain the second assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point, which is then fused with the first assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point to obtain a comprehensive assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point.

[0107] Obtain the real-time environmental impact data set of each water body sampling point, and process and analyze to obtain the real-time environmental impact value of each water body sampling point.

[0108] According to the immediate environmental impact value, comprehensive soil loss assessment value and water transparency assessment value of each water body sampling point, the soil and water loss calculation anomaly value of each water body sampling point is obtained through comprehensive processing and analysis.

[0109] The new soil amount in the soil and water loss measuring device at each water body sampling point is measured again, and the specific processing method is as follows: the total soil amount in the soil and water loss measuring device at each water body sampling point at the end time node of the preset measurement period after the rainfall event stops is obtained, and the total soil amount is subtracted from the soil amount at the initial time node of the preset measurement period after the rainfall event stops, so as to obtain the new soil amount in the soil and water loss measuring device at each water body sampling point.

[0110] Extract soil increment rate influencing factors from the database, the soil increment rate influencing factors specifically include:

[0111] Based on the rainfall intensity factor of each water body sampling point, the soil increment rate influencing factor corresponding to each rainfall intensity factor interval pre-stored in the database is mapped and matched to obtain the soil increment rate influencing factor of each water body sampling point.

[0112] A new soil volume threshold in the soil and water loss measurement device at a cut-off time node is extracted from the database.

[0113] The second assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point is obtained, and the specific processing conditions are:

[0114] ;

[0115] in, For the The second assessment value of soil loss at each water sampling point, For the The amount of new soil in the soil and water loss measurement device at the cut-off time node for each water sampling point, is the new soil volume threshold in the soil and water loss measurement device at the cut-off time node, To preset the length of the measurement period, is the soil increment rate influencing factor, Number the water sampling points. , is the total number of water sampling points. The softplus function is a built-in function in Python. .

[0116] The fusion process obtains the comprehensive assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point, and the specific processing conditions are:

[0117] ;

[0118] in, For the Comprehensive assessment value of soil loss at each water sampling point, For the The first assessment value of soil loss at each water sampling point, For the The second assessment value of soil loss at each water sampling point, Number the water sampling points. , is the total number of water sampling points, The function is the activation function, .

[0119] Obtain the real-time environmental impact data set of each water body sampling point, and process and analyze to obtain the real-time environmental impact value of each water body sampling point.

[0120] The processing and analysis obtains the immediate environmental impact value of each water sampling point, and the specific processing conditions are:

[0121] The real-time environmental impact data set of each water body sampling point at the cutoff time node of the preset measurement period after the rainfall event stops is detected by an integrated water thermometer, pH detector and flow meter, including the real-time water temperature and real-time water pH value of each water body sampling point, and the slope and vegetation coverage rate of the mapping area to which each water body sampling point belongs are simultaneously counted, and the real-time environmental impact value of each water body sampling point is generated through processing and analysis.

[0122] The instant water temperature standard value, instant water body pH standard value, slope reference value and vegetation coverage reference value are extracted from the database.

[0123] The instantaneous water temperature characterizes the water temperature at the end time node of the preset measurement period after the rainfall event stops at each water sampling point. The water temperature affects the biochemical processes of aquatic ecosystems, including microbial activity, dissolved oxygen content, and nutrient circulation. The water temperature can indicate the thermal pollution status of the water body. The water temperature is related to the chemical reaction rate in the water body, thus affecting the water quality.

[0124] The real-time water pH value represents the pH value of each water sampling point at the end time node of the preset measurement period after the rainfall event stops. The pH value is an important indicator for measuring the acid-base balance of the water body. The pH value can indicate the changes in chemical substances in the water body, such as the impact of acid rain or industrial emissions. The pH value affects the form and bioavailability of nutrients in the water body, thereby affecting the water quality.

[0125] The slope affects the flow rate and erosion of surface runoff. The greater the slope, the higher the risk of soil erosion.

[0126] High vegetation coverage can reduce soil erosion, stabilize soil through roots, and reduce runoff velocity. Vegetation coverage affects the energy balance of the surface and regulates surface temperature and humidity.

[0127] The processing and analysis generates the real-time environmental impact value of each water sampling point, and the specific processing conditions are:

[0128] ;

[0129] in, For the The real-time environmental impact value of each water sampling point, For the The instantaneous water temperature of each water sampling point at the cut-off time node, For the The instantaneous pH value of the water body at the cut-off time node of each water sampling point, For the The slope of the water sampling point, For the The vegetation coverage rate of each water sampling point, is the instantaneous water temperature standard value, is the real-time standard value of water pH. is the slope reference value, is the reference value of vegetation coverage, Number the water sampling points. , is the total number of water sampling points, The function is the activation function, , The function is the activation function, .

[0130] According to the immediate environmental impact value, comprehensive soil loss assessment value and water transparency assessment value of each water body sampling point, the soil and water loss calculation anomaly value of each water body sampling point is obtained through comprehensive processing and analysis.

[0131] The comprehensive analysis obtains the abnormal values ​​of soil and water loss calculation at each water body sampling point, and processes and generates the soil and water loss calculation results at each water body sampling point. The specific processing conditions are:

[0132] ;

[0133] in, For the Abnormal values ​​of soil and water loss calculation at each water body sampling point, For the Comprehensive assessment value of soil loss at each water sampling point, For the The water transparency assessment value of each water sampling point, For the The real-time environmental impact value of each water sampling point, Number the water sampling points. , is the total number of water sampling points.

[0134] The soil and water loss calculation anomaly value of each water body sampling point is compared with the soil and water loss calculation anomaly value threshold pre-stored in the database to obtain the soil and water loss calculation result of each water body sampling point.

[0135] The soil and water loss calculation abnormal value threshold is processed as follows: in a specific embodiment, the soil and water loss calculation abnormal value threshold is directly set in the built-in software database of the soil and water loss calculation device involved in the embodiment of the present invention during manufacturing. There are many methods for setting the soil and water loss calculation abnormal value threshold, such as obtaining it through statistical analysis, including counting the soil and water loss calculation abnormal values ​​under historical severe soil and water loss conditions, and averaging the soil and water loss calculation abnormal values ​​obtained multiple times to obtain the soil and water loss calculation abnormal value threshold, or experts judge the boundary between high soil and water loss calculation abnormal values ​​and low soil and water loss calculation abnormal values ​​through corresponding historical data to set the threshold, thereby adjusting the threshold.

[0136] When the soil and water loss calculation abnormal value of a water body sampling point is greater than or equal to the soil and water loss calculation abnormal value threshold, the soil and water loss calculation result of the water body sampling point is judged to be severe.

[0137] When the soil and water loss calculation abnormal value of a water body sampling point is less than the soil and water loss calculation abnormal value threshold, the soil and water loss calculation result of the water body sampling point is determined to be normal.

[0138] Based on the soil and water loss calculation results of each water body sampling point, all water body sampling points with abnormal soil and water loss calculation results are counted and marked, and early warning information is sent to the management terminal.

[0139] The coordinates of water body sampling points where soil erosion is serious are sent to the management terminal for early warning.

[0140] In this embodiment, the present invention provides a device for applying the soil and water loss measurement and water transparency detection method as described above, see Figure 2 ,include:

[0141] The power supply device is composed of a battery module and a battery charging circuit, and is used to supply power to the soil and water loss measuring device and the water transparency detecting device.

[0142] The intelligent control device is composed of a single-chip intelligent controller and is used to realize the timing control of mechatronics.

[0143] Sampling storage box, used to store water sampling samples.

[0144] The water sample extraction device is composed of a water pump, an electric valve, a water sample collection bottle and an automatic control bayonet fixing device for the bottle body, and is used for extracting water sampling samples.

[0145] An electric valve control device is used to control the collection of water sampling samples.

[0146] In another embodiment, it also includes:

[0147] The stirring device is driven by a DC motor to stir the extracted water sample.

[0148] The water sample collection bottle automatically controls the bayonet fixing device to ensure that the sampling collection bottle is automatically sealed to prevent the loss of water samples.

[0149] The label printing device uses an inkjet printer and is connected to the single-chip microcomputer. The label content is provided by the single-chip microcomputer, including the sampling time, location (using Beidou satellite positioning), sampling quantity, data collection personnel and other information.

[0150] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0151] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that technicians in the relevant technical field can understand and use the present invention well. As long as they do not deviate from the structure of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the present invention, they should all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating soil and water loss and detecting water transparency, characterized in that: include: Collect environmental impact data of the area to be measured, process and generate environmental impact values ​​of the area to be measured, and determine the distribution density of water sampling points in the area to be measured based on the environmental impact values ​​of the area to be measured; The processing generates the environmental impact value of the area to be measured, and the specific processing process is: ； in, is the environmental impact value of the area to be measured, To calculate the number of rainfall events in the area during the set historical period, The average rainfall in the area to be measured in the set historical period. The average rainfall rate of a single rainfall in the set historical period in the area to be measured. is the influencing factor of the representative soil type in the area to be measured, is the vegetation coverage rate of the area to be measured, is the average slope length of the area to be measured, is the average slope of the area to be measured, is the reference value of the number of rainfall events, is the reference value of single average rainfall, is the reference value of the single average rainfall rate, is the reference value of vegetation coverage, is the average slope length reference value, is the average slope reference value, x represents the soil type number, , Represents the total number of soil types. The softplus function is a built-in function in Python. ; Arrange sampling and measuring devices in the area to be measured based on the distribution density of water sampling points in the area to be measured, detect soil loss at each water sampling point at the initial time node of the preset measurement period after the rainfall event stops, and obtain the first assessment value of soil loss at each water sampling point; Based on the first assessment value of soil loss at each water sampling point, determine the sampled water volume at each water sampling point, and after the rainfall event stops, perform water sampling and transparency detection at each water sampling point with the corresponding sampled water volume at the cutoff time node of the preset measurement period to obtain the water transparency assessment value of each water sampling point; Based on the water transparency assessment value of each water sampling point, a comprehensive analysis is performed to obtain the abnormal value of soil and water loss calculation at each water sampling point, and the soil and water loss calculation results of each water sampling point are generated by processing; ； in, For the The real-time environmental impact value of each water sampling point, For the The instantaneous water temperature of each water sampling point at the cut-off time node, For the The instantaneous pH value of the water body at the cut-off time node of each water sampling point, For the The slope of the water sampling point, For the The vegetation coverage rate of each water sampling point, is the instantaneous water temperature standard value, It is the standard value of pH value of water body in real time. is the slope reference value, is the reference value of vegetation coverage, Number the water sampling points. , is the total number of water sampling points, The function is the activation function, , The function is the activation function, ; Based on the immediate environmental impact value, soil loss comprehensive assessment value and water transparency assessment value of each water body sampling point, the soil and water loss abnormal value of each water body sampling point is obtained through comprehensive processing and analysis; The comprehensive analysis obtains the abnormal values ​​of soil and water loss calculation at each water body sampling point, and processes and generates the soil and water loss calculation results at each water body sampling point. The specific processing conditions are: According to the immediate environmental impact value, soil loss comprehensive assessment value and water transparency assessment value of each water sampling point, the soil and water loss abnormal value of each water sampling point is obtained through comprehensive processing and analysis. The specific processing conditions are as follows: ； in, For the Abnormal values ​​of soil and water loss calculation at each water body sampling point, For the Comprehensive assessment value of soil loss at each water sampling point, For the The water transparency assessment value of each water sampling point, For the The real-time environmental impact value of each water sampling point, Number the water sampling points. , is the total number of water sampling points; Compare the soil and water loss calculation abnormal value of each water body sampling point with the soil and water loss calculation abnormal value threshold pre-stored in the database to obtain the soil and water loss calculation result of each water body sampling point; When the abnormal value of soil and water loss calculation at a water body sampling point is greater than or equal to the abnormal value threshold of soil and water loss calculation, the soil and water loss calculation result of the water body sampling point is judged to be serious; When the soil and water loss calculation abnormal value of a water body sampling point is less than the soil and water loss calculation abnormal value threshold, the soil and water loss calculation result of the water body sampling point is determined to be normal.

2. A method for calculating soil and water loss and detecting water transparency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental impact data of the area to be measured are collected and processed to generate the environmental impact value of the area to be measured. The specific process is as follows: Collect environmental impact data of the area to be measured, the environmental impact data includes historical rainfall impact data and geographical environment impact data, wherein the historical rainfall impact data includes the number of rainfall events in a set historical period, the average rainfall amount per event and the average rainfall rate per event, and the geographical environment impact data includes representative soil type, vegetation coverage, average slope length and average slope; Based on the environmental impact data of the area to be measured, the environmental impact value of the area to be measured is obtained through analysis and processing, and the environmental impact value of the area to be measured is used to characterize the potential risk degree of soil and water loss in the area to be measured.

3. The method for calculating soil and water loss and detecting water transparency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of determining the distribution density of water sampling points in the area to be measured based on the environmental impact value of the area to be measured is as follows: Based on the environmental impact value of the area to be measured, the water sampling point distribution density corresponding to each environmental impact value interval stored in the database is mapped and matched to obtain the water sampling point distribution density corresponding to the environmental impact value interval of the area to be measured, and use it as the water sampling point distribution density of the area to be measured.

4. The method for calculating soil and water loss and detecting water transparency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of the first soil loss assessment value at each water body sampling point specifically includes: Arrange sampling and measuring devices in the area to be measured based on the distribution density of water sampling points in the area to be measured; The sampling and measuring device includes a water sampling device and a soil and water loss measuring device; When a rainfall event occurs in the area to be measured, at the initial time node of the preset measurement period after the rainfall event stops, the amount of soil in the soil and water loss measurement device at each water body sampling point is counted, and the average rainfall in the area to be measured for this rainfall event is obtained to perform soil loss measurement processing to obtain the first assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point. The first assessment value of soil loss at each water body sampling point is used to characterize the immediate impact of the rainfall event on soil loss.

5. The method for calculating soil and water loss and detecting water transparency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of determining the amount of sampled water at each water body sampling point based on the first soil loss assessment value at each water body sampling point specifically includes: The first soil loss assessment value of each water body sampling point is extracted, and mapped and matched with the sampled water volume corresponding to each soil loss first assessment value interval preset in the database to obtain the sampled water volume of each water body sampling point.

6. The method for calculating soil and water loss and detecting water transparency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of sampling water at each water sampling point with a corresponding amount of sampled water and performing transparency detection to obtain a water transparency assessment value at each water sampling point specifically includes: The suspended matter concentration, dissolved organic matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration of the water samples taken at each water sampling point were tested, and compared with the standard values ​​of suspended matter concentration, dissolved organic matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration extracted from the database to obtain the water transparency assessment value of each water sampling point.

7. A method for calculating soil and water loss and detecting water transparency according to claim 6, characterized in that: The processing and analysis obtains the immediate environmental impact value of each water sampling point, and the specific processing conditions are: The real-time environmental impact data set of each water body sampling point at the cutoff time node of the preset measurement period after the rainfall event stops is detected, including the real-time water temperature and real-time water pH value of each water body sampling point, and the slope and vegetation coverage rate of the mapping area to which each water body sampling point belongs are simultaneously counted, and the real-time environmental impact value of each water body sampling point is generated through processing and analysis.

8. A soil and water loss measurement and water transparency detection device, using the soil and water loss measurement and water transparency detection method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: A power supply device, composed of a battery module and a battery charging circuit, used to supply power to the soil and water loss measurement device and the water transparency detection device; Intelligent control device, composed of single-chip intelligent controller, used to realize the timing control of mechatronics; Sampling storage box, used to store water sampling samples; The water sampling device is composed of a water pump, an electric valve, a water sample collection bottle and a bottle body automatic control bayonet fixing device, and is used to extract water sampling samples; An electric valve control device is used to control the collection of water sampling samples.

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