Miniaturized high power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier

Abstract

The application provides a miniaturized high-power-gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier, and belongs to the technical field of pulse compression energy multipliers.The energy multiplier comprises: a first-stage compression cavity input waveguide port for receiving a radio frequency signal; a first-stage compression cavity which is a first spherical cavity with a TE11n working mode and is used for performing first pulse compression on the radio frequency signal, and is fixedly connected with the first-stage compression cavity input waveguide port; a first-stage compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler which is used for converting a TE10 mode in a rectangular waveguide into two orthogonal polarization TE11 modes in a circular waveguide, and is fixedly connected with the first-stage compression cavity through a coupling hole; and a second-stage compression cavity which is a second spherical cavity with a TE11n working mode and is used for performing second pulse compression on a signal output by the first-stage compression cavity.The conversion from a long microwave pulse with lower power to a high-power narrow pulse width microwave pulse is realized, and the output power gain is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-power microwave technology, specifically to a miniaturized high-power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for electronic energy from high-power microwave weapons and scientific research, accelerators are also increasing their requirements for microwave power. Traditional single-stage compression energy multipliers, such as those using SLED, BOC, or spherical cavity systems, have limited power gain and their output waveforms decrease exponentially, resulting in low average power gain, typically around 6. While two-stage pulse compression energy multipliers using amplitude modulation cavity chains can achieve higher power gain, they are large in size and expensive, making them unsuitable for practical applications.

[0003] To address this contradiction—namely, to further improve the power gain of the energy multiplier and achieve device miniaturization—this invention proposes a novel miniaturized high-power-gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier. This device employs a two-stage pulse compressor in the form of two spherical cavities, aiming to achieve high power output with a power gain exceeding 12, far surpassing the power gain of traditional single-stage compression energy multipliers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a miniaturized, high-power-gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier, aiming to solve the problems of difficulty in further increasing the power gain of energy multipliers and the contradiction of miniaturization in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a miniaturized high-power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier, the energy multiplier comprising:

[0006] The primary compression cavity input waveguide port is used to receive radio frequency signals;

[0007] The primary compression chamber operates in TE mode. 114 Furthermore, a first spherical cavity is used for the initial pulse compression of radio frequency signals, and the first-stage compression cavity is fixedly connected to the input waveguide port of the first-stage compression cavity;

[0008] A first-stage compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler is used to convert the TE10 mode into two orthogonally polarized TE11 modes in a circular waveguide. The first-stage compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler is fixedly connected to the first-stage compression cavity through a coupling hole.

[0009] Eight tuning screws are used to adjust the operating frequency of the primary compression chamber, and the tuning screws are fixedly connected to the upper and lower hemispheres of the primary compression chamber.

[0010] The secondary compression chamber operates in TE mode. 112 Furthermore, a second spherical cavity is used to perform a second pulse compression on the signal output from the primary compression cavity, and the secondary compression cavity is fixedly connected to the output waveguide port of the secondary compression cavity;

[0011] A secondary compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler is used to convert the TE10 mode into two orthogonally polarized TE11 modes in a circular waveguide. The secondary compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler is fixedly connected to the secondary compression cavity through a coupling hole.

[0012] Eight tuning screws are used to adjust the operating frequency of the secondary compression chamber, and the tuning screws are fixedly connected to the upper and lower hemispheres of the secondary compression chamber.

[0013] The secondary compression cavity output waveguide port is used to output the compressed high-power radio frequency signal, and the secondary compression cavity output waveguide port is fixedly connected to the secondary compression cavity.

[0014] A rectangular waveguide flange connector is used to connect an external system and two pulse compression chambers. The rectangular waveguide flange connector is fixedly connected to the primary compression chamber and the secondary compression chamber through the waveguide flange.

[0015] The first-stage compression chamber uses amplitude modulation to achieve flat-top output, and the second-stage compression chamber further compresses the flat-top waveform to increase output power.

[0016] In this preferred embodiment, the compression ratio Cr of the first-stage compression chamber is 7, and the compression ratio Cr of the second-stage compression chamber is 5.

[0017] In this preferred embodiment, both the primary compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler and the secondary compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler contain a standard waveguide, a wide waveguide, and a circular waveguide, which are used to convert the TE10 mode into two orthogonally polarized TE11 modes in the circular waveguide.

[0018] In this preferred embodiment, both the primary compression chamber and the secondary compression chamber are equipped with CF flanges for mounting ion pumps or detuning devices.

[0019] In this preferred embodiment, both the primary compression chamber and the secondary compression chamber have a compact structural design.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of this scheme, the energy multiplier further includes a rectangular waveguide flange connector for connecting an external system and two pulse compression chambers.

[0021] In this preferred embodiment, both the primary compression chamber and the secondary compression chamber are equipped with cooling water channels and tuning screws to ensure operational stability and adjust the operating frequency.

[0022] In this preferred embodiment, the output waveform of the first-stage compression chamber is a flat-top waveform, and the output waveform of the second-stage compression chamber is an exponentially decreasing high-power radio frequency waveform.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of this scheme, the energy multiplier further includes four cooling water channels for the primary compression chamber, which are used to provide cooling for the primary compression chamber. The cooling water channels of the primary compression chamber are connected to an external cooling system through the inlet pipe and the return pipe of the primary compression chamber.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of this scheme, the energy multiplier further includes four cooling water channels for the secondary compression chamber, which are used to provide cooling for the secondary compression chamber. The cooling water channels of the secondary compression chamber are connected to an external cooling system through the inlet pipe and the return pipe of the secondary compression chamber.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The miniaturized high-power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier of the present invention not only improves the output power gain, but also compresses the pulse width of the input radio frequency signal step by step through two-stage pulse compression, realizing the conversion from low-power long microwave pulses to high-power narrow-pulse-width microwave pulses. In addition, the first-stage compression cavity uses an amplitude modulation method to achieve a flat-top output, so that the input wave entering the second-stage compression cavity is a flat-top waveform, further increasing the output power after the second-stage compression. The specific advantages are as follows:

[0026] (i) Significantly improved power gain: This invention achieves efficient conversion from low-power long microwave pulses to high-power narrow-pulse microwave pulses by using a two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier. The power gain can reach more than 12, which is much higher than the power gain of traditional single-stage compression energy multipliers, thus meeting the ultra-high power requirements of high-power microwave systems.

[0027] (II) Achieving Flat-Top Output and High-Efficiency Energy Amplification: The primary compression chamber employs amplitude modulation to achieve a flat-top output waveform, ensuring that the input waveform entering the secondary compression chamber is also flat-topped, thereby significantly increasing the output power after secondary compression. Through amplitude modulation and flat-top output in the primary compression chamber, and further compression in the secondary compression chamber, this invention achieves high-power output with high average power gain.

[0028] (III) Compact structure and easy integration: The primary and secondary compression cavities in this invention have a compact structural design and are equipped with rectangular waveguide flange connectors, which facilitates connection and integration with external systems and power sources, thereby improving the overall compactness and ease of use of the system.

[0029] (iv) Optimized cooling and tuning mechanism: Each compression chamber in the invention is equipped with multiple cooling water channels and tuning screws, which not only ensures the stability of the system under high power operation, but also provides flexible operating frequency adjustment capability, enabling the system to adapt to different application scenarios and needs.

[0030] (V) Broad application prospects: The miniaturized high-power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier of the present invention can be applied to many fields such as high-power microwave systems, electron linear accelerators, free electron lasers, microwave directed energy weapons, and transmitters in strong electromagnetic radiation environments, providing efficient and stable power amplification solutions for these fields.

[0031] In summary, the miniaturized high-power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier of the present invention solves the contradiction between the difficulty of increasing power gain and miniaturization in the prior art, while also achieving high power output with high average power gain. It has broad application prospects and can be used in high-power microwave systems, electron linear accelerators, free electron lasers, microwave directed energy weapons, and transmitters in strong electromagnetic radiation environments. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler structure of the primary compression chamber in this invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the air extraction hole structure in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the upper hemisphere structure in this invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the return water pipe structure in this invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler structure of the two-stage compression chamber in this invention;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the lower cylindrical structure in this invention;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the tuning screw in this invention;

[0041] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the two-stage compression energy multiplier in this invention;

[0042] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the first-stage compression flat-top output of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 11 The waveforms after amplitude modulation and primary compression, and the output waveforms after secondary compression, are shown in the figure.

[0044] In the diagram: 1. Input waveguide port of the primary compression cavity; 2. Output waveguide port of the secondary compression cavity; 3. 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler of the primary compression cavity; 4. First protrusion; 5. First symmetrical cavity; 6. Second symmetrical cavity; 7. First lower cylinder; 8. First upper cylinder; 9. Primary compression cavity; 10. Coupling hole; 11. First lower hemisphere; 12. First upper hemisphere; 13. First equatorial step; 14. First evacuation port; 15. Connecting pipe; 16. First CF flange; 17. 18. First water channel; 19. Second water channel; 20. Third water channel; 21. Fourth water channel; 22. Inlet pipe; 23. Return pipe; 24. Inlet pipe; 25. Return pipe; 26. Inlet pipe; 27. Return pipe; 28. Inlet pipe; 29. ​​Tuning screw; 30. Tuning screw; 31. Tuning screw; 32. Tuning screw; 33. Tuning screw; 34. Tuning screw; 35. Tuning screw; 36. Tuning screw; 37. Secondary compression chamber 3 dB orthogonal polarization coupler; 38. Second protrusion; 39. Third symmetrical cavity; 40. Fourth symmetrical cavity; 41. Second lower cylinder; 42. Second upper cylinder; 43. Coupling hole; 44. Second evacuation hole; 45. Connecting pipe; 46. Second CF flange; 47. Secondary compression chamber; 48. Second upper hemisphere; 49. Second lower hemisphere; 50. Second equatorial step; 51. First channel; 52. Second channel; 53. Third channel; 54. Fourth channel; 5 5. Inlet pipe; 56. Return pipe; 57. Inlet pipe; 58. Return pipe; 59. Inlet pipe; 60. Return pipe; 61. Inlet pipe; 62. Return pipe; 63. Tuning screw; 64. Tuning screw; 65. Tuning screw; 66. Tuning screw; 67. Tuning screw; 68. Tuning screw; 69. Tuning screw; 70. Tuning screw; 71. Rectangular waveguide flange; 72. Rectangular waveguide flange; 73. Rectangular waveguide flange; 74. Rectangular waveguide flange. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Example

[0047] Please see Figures 1-11 The present invention provides the following technical solution: a miniaturized high-power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier, the energy multiplier comprising:

[0048] The primary compression cavity input waveguide port 1 is used to receive radio frequency signals;

[0049] The primary compression chamber 9 operates in TE mode. 114 Furthermore, the first spherical cavity used for the initial pulse compression of the radio frequency signal, the first-stage compression cavity 9, is fixedly connected to the input waveguide port 1 of the first-stage compression cavity;

[0050] The first-stage compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler 3 is used to convert the TE10 mode into two orthogonally polarized TE11 modes in the circular waveguide. The first-stage compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler 3 is fixedly connected to the first-stage compression cavity 9 through the coupling hole 10.

[0051] Eight tuning screws 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36 are used to adjust the working frequency of the first-stage compression chamber 9. Tuning screws 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36 are fixedly connected to the upper and lower hemispheres of the first-stage compression chamber 9.

[0052] The secondary compression chamber 47 operates in TE mode. 112 Furthermore, the second spherical cavity used to perform a second pulse compression on the signal output from the first-stage compression cavity 9, and the second-stage compression cavity 47 are fixedly connected to the output waveguide port 2 of the second-stage compression cavity;

[0053] The secondary compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler 37 is used to convert the TE10 mode into two orthogonally polarized TE11 modes in the circular waveguide. The secondary compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler 37 and the secondary compression cavity 47 are fixedly connected through the coupling hole 43.

[0054] Eight tuning screws 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, and 70 are used to adjust the operating frequency of the secondary compression chamber 47. Tuning screws 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, and 70 are fixedly connected to the upper and lower hemispheres of the secondary compression chamber 47.

[0055] The secondary compression cavity output waveguide port 2 is used to output the compressed high-power radio frequency signal. The secondary compression cavity output waveguide port 2 is fixedly connected to the secondary compression cavity 47.

[0056] Rectangular waveguide flange connectors 71 and 73 are used to connect the external system and the two pulse compression chambers. Rectangular waveguide flange connectors 71 and 73 are fixedly connected to the primary compression chamber 9 and the secondary compression chamber 47 through waveguide flanges.

[0057] The first-stage compression chamber uses amplitude modulation to achieve a flat-top output, and the second-stage compression chamber further compresses the flat-top waveform to increase the output power.

[0058] In this embodiment, the compression ratio Cr of the first-stage compression chamber 9 is 7, and the compression ratio Cr of the second-stage compression chamber 47 is 5.

[0059] In this embodiment, both the primary compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler 3 and the secondary compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler 37 contain a standard waveguide, a wide waveguide, and a circular waveguide, which are used to convert the TE10 mode into the two orthogonally polarized TE11 modes in the circular waveguide.

[0060] In this embodiment, both the primary compression chamber 9 and the secondary compression chamber 47 are equipped with CF35 flanges for mounting ion pumps or detuning devices.

[0061] In this embodiment, both the primary compression chamber 9 and the secondary compression chamber 47 have a compact structure.

[0062] In this embodiment, the energy multiplier also includes rectangular waveguide flange connectors 71, 72, 73, and 74 for connecting an external system and two pulse compression chambers.

[0063] In this embodiment, both the primary compression chamber 9 and the secondary compression chamber 47 are equipped with cooling water channels and tuning screws to ensure operational stability and adjust the operating frequency.

[0064] In this embodiment, the energy multiplier also includes a first lower cylinder 7 and a first upper cylinder 8 symmetrically arranged; a first lower hemisphere 11 and a first upper hemisphere 12; a second lower cylinder 41 and a second upper cylinder 42; a first equatorial step 13 and a second equatorial step 50; a first CF flange 16 and a second CF flange 46; a second upper hemisphere 48 and a second lower hemisphere 49.

[0065] In this embodiment, the output waveform of the first-stage compression chamber 9 is a flat-top waveform, and the output waveform of the second-stage compression chamber 47 is an exponentially decreasing high-power radio frequency waveform.

[0066] In this embodiment, the energy multiplier also includes four cooling water channels 17, 18, 19, and 20 of the primary compression chamber 9, which are used to provide cooling for the primary compression chamber 9. The cooling water channels of the primary compression chamber 9 are connected to the external cooling system through the water inlet pipes 23, 21, 25, and 27 of the primary compression chamber 9 and the water return pipes 24, 22, 26, and 28 of the primary compression chamber 9.

[0067] In this embodiment, the energy multiplier also includes four cooling water channels 51, 52, 53, and 54 in the secondary compression chamber 47, which are used to cool the secondary compression chamber 47. The cooling water channels of the secondary compression chamber 47 are connected to an external cooling system through the water inlet pipes 55, 57, 59, and 61 and the water return pipes 56, 58, 60, and 62 of the secondary compression chamber 47. Connecting pipes 15 and 45 are located between the air extraction port and the external vacuum system, which are used to extract the air inside the compression chamber and maintain a vacuum state inside the chamber to ensure the efficiency of microwave transmission.

[0068] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 The first symmetrical cavity 5, the second symmetrical cavity 6, the third symmetrical cavity 39 and the fourth symmetrical cavity 40 are symmetrically arranged, and the first protrusion 4 and the second protrusion 38 are also symmetrically arranged. The first air extraction hole 14 and the second air extraction hole 44 are respectively arranged in the two cavities.

[0069] In this embodiment, the output waveform of the radio frequency pulse compression system can be calculated based on the transient differential equation (1) derived from the law of conservation of energy.

[0070]

[0071] By solving the above equation, we can obtain the radiation field equation (2) and the output field equation (3) of the spherical cavity after first-stage compression:

[0072]

[0073] The output waveform of the spherical compressor can be obtained from the above two formulas, where β is the coupling coefficient:

[0074] Where the cavity filling time T C =2Q l / ω=2Q0 / [ω(1+β)], coefficient α=2β / (1+β), Q l =Q0 / (1+β).

[0075] t1 is the pulse inversion time, and t2 is the pulse width.

[0076] In this embodiment, the performance of the radio frequency pulse compression system depends on the frequency (f), the no-load quality factor (Q0), and the coupling factor (β) of the cavity operating mode. In this invention, both pulse compressors employ a spherical cavity design. Specifically, the primary compression cavity uses TE... 114 In normal operation, the quality factor is Q0≈1.3×10⁻⁶. 5 The secondary compression chamber operates in TE 112 In this mode, the no-load quality factor is Q0≈7.4×10⁻⁶. 4The frequencies of the primary and secondary compression chambers are determined by the power source. A compression ratio (Cr) of 7 is used for the first-stage pulse compression, and a compression ratio of 5 is used for the second-stage compression. The β of each chamber can be freely optimized. The two compression chambers adopt a similar design, and each chamber is equipped with a CF35 flange for mounting an ion pump or detuning device.

[0077] In this embodiment, as Figure 10 To further improve the stability of high-power operation and the average gain of output power, pulse modulation is used to achieve a flat-top output after compression of the first-stage pulse. The principle of amplitude modulation (AM) is to slowly increase the incident wave power after phase reversal to compensate for the exponentially decaying radiation wave of the resonant cavity, thus achieving a flat-top output. At time t1, the incident wave undergoes a sudden change, with phase reversal π and the normalized amplitude decreasing from 1 to Ek. During the time interval t1 to t2, amplitude modulation is performed, gradually increasing the incident wave amplitude from Ek to 1, compensating for the gradually decaying radiation wave of the cavity, making the output wave Er amplitude of the first-stage compression cavity constant. Assuming that after time t1, the normalized amplitude of the incident wave increases from Ek to 1, the output wave Er of the first-stage compression cavity depends entirely on the value of Ek.

[0078] In this embodiment, a 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler is used to simultaneously excite two energy storage modes within the spherical compressor cavity. This coupler integrates the functions of a 3dB directional coupler, a mode converter, and a polarizer. The protrusion at the junction of the standard waveguide and the wide waveguide primarily serves as the mode converter; the TE input in the standard square waveguide... 10 The mode here is converted to a mixed TE in a wide waveguide. 10 and TE 20 Modes. A circular waveguide is introduced at a suitable location, and these two modes are coupled into the circular waveguide to form two orthogonally polarized TE modes within the circular waveguide. 11 Mode. These two orthogonally polarized TEs 11 The positive mode can be used as an excitation for two modes in the resonant cavity.

[0079] In this embodiment, the coupler is a three-port RF component with two rectangular waveguide ports and one circular waveguide port. In this invention, a cylindrical waveguide at the bottom is used, and the ends of the wide waveguide are extended into two symmetrical ear-shaped structures. The addition of these two symmetrical structures increases the symmetry of the microwave structure and can effectively suppress the generation of clutter modes.

[0080] In this embodiment, the operation of the two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier is as follows: After the radio frequency wave is input from the first pulse compressor, it undergoes amplitude modulation to complete pulse compression and energy amplification, outputting a flat-topped waveform. This signal then passes through the second-stage pulse compressor for further compression and amplification, outputting an exponentially decreasing high-power radio frequency wave. The waveform after amplitude modulation and the output waveform after the second stage compression are shown below. Figure 11As shown.

[0081] The working principle and usage of this invention are as follows: In use, the radio frequency (RF) signal is first input from the input waveguide port 1 of the first-stage compression cavity to the first-stage compression cavity 9. Inside the first-stage compression cavity 9, the RF signal undergoes initial pulse compression through a spherical cavity operating in TE114 mode. Amplitude modulation (AM) is used to achieve a flat-top output. Specifically, at time t1, the incident wave undergoes a sudden change, with a phase flip of π and the normalized amplitude decreasing from 1 to Ek. Amplitude modulation is performed during the time interval t1-t2, gradually increasing the incident wave amplitude from Ek to 1. This compensates for the gradually attenuating radiation wave from the cavity, ensuring that the output wave Er amplitude of the first-stage compression cavity remains constant.

[0082] The primary compression chamber 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler 3 converts the RF signal from TE10 mode to two orthogonally polarized TE11 modes in the circular waveguide. This coupler integrates the functions of a 3dB directional coupler, mode converter, and polarizer. The RF signal, with a flat-top output achieved through amplitude modulation, is output from the primary compression chamber 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler 3 and transmitted through coupling hole 10 to the secondary compression chamber 47. Inside the secondary compression chamber 47, the RF signal undergoes a second pulse compression through a spherical cavity operating in TE112 mode. This compression further increases the output power.

[0083] The secondary compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler 37 converts the RF signal from TE10 mode to two orthogonally polarized TE11 modes in the circular waveguide. After the second compression, the RF signal waveform becomes an exponentially decreasing high-power RF waveform. The exponentially decreasing high-power RF waveform is output from the secondary compression cavity output waveguide port 2.

[0084] Both the primary compression chamber 9 and the secondary compression chamber 47 are cooled by cooling water channels 17, 18, 19, 20 and 51, 52, 53, 54 to ensure stable system operation. The cooling water is connected to an external cooling system via inlet and outlet pipes. The operating frequencies of the primary compression chamber 9 and the secondary compression chamber 47 are adjusted by tuning screws 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 and 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70. The tuning screws are installed on the upper and lower hemispheres of the compression chambers; changing the size of the resonant chamber by pressing the screws alters the operating frequency.

[0085] Rectangular waveguide flange connectors 71, 72, 73, and 74 are used to connect the external system and the two pulse compression chambers, achieving system integration. The two compression chambers are connected via rectangular waveguide flanges 73 and 74, ensuring the integrity and stability of the system.

[0086] Example: The following is a specific example that details the technical solution of a miniaturized, high-power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier:

[0087] This invention provides a miniaturized, high-power-gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier, aiming to resolve the difficulties in further increasing the power gain of energy multipliers and the contradiction in miniaturization of energy multipliers in the prior art. The specific embodiments of this invention are as follows:

[0088] The energy multiplier in this embodiment mainly includes the following components:

[0089] Primary compression cavity input waveguide port 1;

[0090] Primary compression chamber 9;

[0091] 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler for primary compression chamber;

[0092] Eight tuning screws (29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36);

[0093] Secondary compression chamber 47;

[0094] Secondary compression chamber 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler 37;

[0095] Eight tuning screws (63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70);

[0096] Secondary compression chamber output waveguide port 2;

[0097] Rectangular waveguide flange connectors (71, 73).

[0098] In this embodiment, each part is described in detail:

[0099] Primary compression cavity input waveguide port 1: used to receive radio frequency signals, and is the input terminal of the energy multiplier.

[0100] Primary compression chamber 9: Internal working mode is TE 114 A spherical cavity is used for the initial pulse compression of radio frequency signals. The cavity has a compact structural design to reduce its size.

[0101] 3dB Orthogonal Polarization Coupler 3 (First-Stage Compression Cavity): Used to convert the TE10 mode to two orthogonally polarized TE11 modes in a circular waveguide. This coupler functions as both a mode converter and a polarizer, ensuring efficient signal transmission.

[0102] Tuning screws (29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36): Used to adjust the operating frequency of the first-stage compression chamber 9 to ensure that the chamber operates at the required frequency.

[0103] Secondary compression chamber 47: Internal working mode is TE 112 The spherical cavity is used for a second pulse compression of the signal output from the primary compression chamber 9. This cavity also features a compact structural design.

[0104] Secondary compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler 37: used to convert the TE10 mode to two orthogonally polarized TE11 modes in the circular waveguide, ensuring effective signal transmission in the secondary compression cavity.

[0105] Tuning screws (63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70): Used to adjust the operating frequency of the secondary compression chamber 47 to ensure that the chamber operates at the required frequency.

[0106] Secondary compression chamber output waveguide port 2: Used to output the compressed high-power radio frequency signal, which is the output end of the energy multiplier.

[0107] Rectangular waveguide flange connectors (71, 73): used to connect external systems and two pulse compression chambers to ensure the integrity and stability of the system.

[0108] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: The radio frequency signal is input from the input waveguide port 1 of the primary compression cavity and undergoes initial pulse compression through the primary compression cavity 9. In the primary compression cavity, amplitude modulation is used to achieve a flat-top output. Then, the signal is transmitted through the 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler 3 of the primary compression cavity to the secondary compression cavity 47 for a second pulse compression. Finally, the high-power radio frequency signal after secondary compression is output from the output waveguide port 2 of the secondary compression cavity.

[0109] In this embodiment, the cooling and tuning process includes cooling water channels in the primary compression chamber 9 and the secondary compression chamber 47 to provide cooling for the chambers and ensure stable system operation. Tuning screws are used to adjust the operating frequency of the chambers to meet different operational requirements.

[0110] Specific implementation details of this embodiment: Both the primary compression chamber 9 and the secondary compression chamber 47 adopt a spherical cavity design, operating in TE114 and TE112 modes respectively. The frequencies of the two compression chambers are determined by the power source, with compression ratios of 7 and 5 respectively. Each compression chamber is equipped with a CF35 flange for mounting an ion pump or detuning device. An amplitude modulation method is used to achieve a flat-top output from the primary compression chamber, improving the average gain of the output power. A 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler is used to achieve the conversion from TE10 mode to TE11 mode, ensuring effective signal transmission.

[0111] In summary, the miniaturized high-power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier of this invention achieves high-power output and flat-top waveform output through two-stage pulse compression and amplitude modulation, thereby improving output power gain and average power gain. This energy multiplier features a compact design and high power output capability, making it suitable for high-power microwave systems, electron linear accelerators, and other fields.

[0112] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A miniaturized high power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier, characterized in that, The energy multiplier comprises: a first-stage compression cavity input waveguide port (1) for receiving a radio frequency signal; a first-stage compression cavity (9) which is a first spherical cavity with a TE114 internal operating mode and is used for first pulse compression of the radio frequency signal, and which is fixedly connected with the first-stage compression cavity input waveguide port (1); a first-stage compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler (3) for converting a TE10 mode into two orthogonal polarization TE11 modes in a circular waveguide, and which is fixedly connected with the first-stage compression cavity (9) through a coupling hole (10); a second-stage compression cavity (47) which is a second spherical cavity with a TE112 internal operating mode and is used for second pulse compression of the signal output by the first-stage compression cavity (9), and which is fixedly connected with a second-stage compression cavity output waveguide port (2); a second-stage compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler (37) for converting a TE10 mode into two orthogonal polarization TE11 modes in a circular waveguide, and which is fixedly connected with the second-stage compression cavity (47) through a coupling hole (43); the second-stage compression cavity output waveguide port (2) for outputting a compressed high-power radio frequency signal, and which is fixedly connected with the second-stage compression cavity (47); rectangular waveguide flange connectors (71, 73) for connecting an external system and the two pulse compression cavities, and which are fixedly connected with the first-stage compression cavity (9) and the second-stage compression cavity (47) through waveguide flanges; the first-stage compression cavity realizes flat-top output by using an amplitude modulation method, and the second-stage compression cavity further compresses the flat-top waveform to improve the output power.

2. The miniaturized high power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier of claim 1, wherein: The compression ratio Cr of the first-stage compression cavity (9) is 7, and the compression ratio Cr of the second-stage compression cavity (47) is 5.

3. The compact high power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier of claim 2, wherein: The first-stage compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler (3) and the second-stage compression cavity 3dB orthogonal polarization coupler (37) both contain standard waveguides, wide waveguides and circular waveguides, and are used for converting a TE10 mode into two orthogonal polarization TE11 modes in a circular waveguide.

4. The compact high power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier of claim 3, wherein: The first-stage compression cavity (9) and the second-stage compression cavity (47) are both equipped with CF35 flanges for mounting ion pumps or detuning devices.

5. The compact high power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier of claim 4, wherein: The first-stage compression cavity (9) and the second-stage compression cavity (47) both have a compact structure.

6. The compact high power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier of claim 5, wherein: The first-stage compression cavity (9) and the second-stage compression cavity (47) are both provided with cooling water channels and tuning screws for ensuring stable operation and adjusting the operating frequency.

7. The compact high power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier of claim 6, wherein: The output waveform of the first-stage compression cavity (9) is a flat-top waveform, and the output waveform of the second-stage compression cavity (47) is an exponentially decreasing high-power radio frequency waveform.

8. The compact high power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier of claim 7, wherein: The energy multiplier also comprises four cooling water channels (17, 18, 19, 20) of the primary compression chamber (9) for providing cooling to the primary compression chamber (9), the cooling water channels of the primary compression chamber (9) being connected to an external cooling system through water inlet pipes (23, 21, 25, 27) of the primary compression chamber (9) and water return pipes (24, 22, 26, 28) of the primary compression chamber (9).

9. The compact high power gain two-stage pulse compression energy multiplier of claim 8, wherein: The energy multiplier also comprises four cooling water channels (51, 52, 53, 54) of the secondary compression chamber (47) for providing cooling to the secondary compression chamber (47), the cooling water channels of the secondary compression chamber (47) being connected to an external cooling system through water inlet pipes (55, 57, 59, 61) of the secondary compression chamber (47) and water return pipes (56, 58, 60, 62) of the secondary compression chamber (47).

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