Sensing beam determination for target area coverage

Abstract

Systems, apparatus, processes, and computer-readable media for wireless communication are disclosed. For example, a network entity may receive reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and Doppler measurements for a plurality of sensing beam pairs from a network device. The network entity may determine a sensing beam pair from the plurality of sensing beam pairs for sensing a target based on at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements. In some cases, the network device may determine the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the plurality of sensing beam pairs. The network device may receive, from the network entity, an indication of a sensing beam pair from the plurality of sensing beam pairs based on at least the portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to wireless communications. For example, aspects of the present disclosure relate to sensing beam determination of target area coverage. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, and broadcasting. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each base station or network access node simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be further referred to as user equipment (UE). Some wireless communication systems may support communication between UEs, which may involve direct transmission between two or more UEs.

[0003] Radar sensing systems typically use radio frequency (RF) waveforms in antenna beams to estimate characteristics (e.g., presence, distance, angle, motion, and / or velocity) of target objects, such as users or other objects. Complete coverage of the target by the beam pair allows the characteristics of the target to be accurately identified. Currently, standards such as the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) have defined rules for identifying the best antenna beam pairs to be used for communication purposes. However, the antenna beam pairs identified based on these rules may not ensure complete coverage of the target for sensing purposes, which may lead to inaccurate estimates of the characteristics of the target. Summary of the invention

[0004] The following presents a simplified summary of the invention related to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Therefore, the following summary of the invention should neither be considered as an exhaustive overview related to all conceived aspects, nor should it be considered to identify key or decisive elements related to all conceived aspects or to delineate the scope associated with any particular aspect. Therefore, the sole purpose of the following summary of the invention is to present certain concepts related to one or more aspects of the mechanisms disclosed herein in a brief form before the detailed embodiments presented below.

[0005] Systems and techniques for sensing beam determination for target area coverage are described. According to at least one example, a method for wireless communication at a network entity is provided. The method includes: receiving reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and Doppler measurements of a plurality of sensing beam pairs from a network device; and determining a sensing beam pair for sensing a target from the plurality of sensing beam pairs based on at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements.

[0006] In another example, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided, comprising: at least one memory and at least one processor (e.g., implemented in a circuit) coupled to the at least one memory. The at least one processor is configured to: receive reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and Doppler measurements of a plurality of sensing beam pairs from a network device; and determine a sensing beam pair for sensing a target from the plurality of sensing beam pairs based on at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements.

[0007] In another example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon is provided, which, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to: receive reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and Doppler measurements of a plurality of sensing beam pairs from a network device; and determine a sensing beam pair from the plurality of sensing beam pairs for sensing a target based on at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements.

[0008] In another example, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided. The apparatus includes: a component for receiving reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and Doppler measurements of a plurality of sensing beam pairs from a network device; and a component for determining a sensing beam pair for sensing a target from the plurality of sensing beam pairs based on at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements.

[0009] According to at least one other example, a method for wireless communication at a network device is provided. The method includes: determining reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and Doppler measurements for a plurality of sensing beam pairs; sending at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements to a network entity; and receiving an indication of a sensing beam pair from the plurality of sensing beam pairs from the network entity based on at least the portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements.

[0010] In another example, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided, the apparatus comprising at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory. The at least one processor is configured to: determine reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and Doppler measurements of a plurality of sensing beam pairs; send at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements to a network entity; and receive an indication of a sensing beam pair from the plurality of sensing beam pairs from the network entity based on at least the portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements.

[0011] In another example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon is provided that, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to: determine reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and Doppler measurements for a plurality of sensing beam pairs; send at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements to a network entity; and receive an indication of a sensing beam pair from the plurality of sensing beam pairs from the network entity based on at least the portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements.

[0012] In another example, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided. The apparatus includes: determining reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and Doppler measurements of a plurality of sensing beam pairs; sending at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements to a network entity; and receiving an indication of a sensing beam pair from the plurality of sensing beam pairs from the network entity based on at least the portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements.

[0013] In some aspects, the apparatus is, is part of, and / or includes a UE, such as a wearable device, an extended reality (XR) device (e.g., a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, or a mixed reality (MR) device), a head mounted display (HMD) device, a wireless communication device, a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone and / or a mobile handset and / or a so-called "smart phone" or other mobile device), a camera, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a server computer, a vehicle or a computing device or a component of a vehicle, another device, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus includes one or more cameras for capturing one or more images. In some aspects, the apparatus also includes a display for displaying one or more images, notifications, and / or other displayable data. In some aspects, the apparatus described above may include one or more sensors (e.g., one or more inertial measurement units (IMUs), such as one or more gyroscopes, one or more gyrometers, one or more accelerometers, any combination thereof, and / or other sensors).

[0014] This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of this patent, any or all drawings, and each claim.

[0015] The foregoing and other features and aspects will become more apparent upon reference to the following description, claims and accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in describing various aspects of the present disclosure and are provided solely for illustration and not limitation of the various aspects.

[0017] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example wireless communication system that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for sensing beam determination for target area coverage in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a disaggregated base station architecture that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for sensing beam determination for target area coverage in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame structure that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for sensing beam determination for target area coverage in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system of an electronic device that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for sensing beam determination for target area coverage in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a receiver utilizing RF bistatic sensing techniques with a transmitter to determine one or more characteristics of a target object that may be determined by a sensing beam for target area coverage according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a receiver employed by the disclosed systems and techniques to determine one or more characteristics of a target object utilizing RF bistatic sensing techniques with multiple transmitters that may be determined by sensing beams for target area coverage in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example geometry for bistatic sensing in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating bistatic distances for bistatic sensing in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system that uses an optimal beam pair for communication according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] Fig.10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system using an optimal beam pair for sensing according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0027] Fig.11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system for sensing beam determination for target area coverage in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0028] Fig.12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a time slot configuration in which multiple beams may be measured simultaneously for Doppler to reduce latency in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] Fig.13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a phase control method for ensuring phase continuity of sensing opportunities of configured sensing resources according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] Fig.14 is a diagram illustrating another example of a phase control method for ensuring phase continuity of sensing opportunities of configured sensing resources according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0031] Fig.15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system for selecting an optimal beam pair for sensing a target according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0032] Fig.16A is a diagram illustrating an example of phase continuity of sensing opportunities according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0033] Fig. 16B is a diagram illustrating an example of phase discontinuity of sensing opportunities according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0034] Fig.17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system implementing measurement reporting rules for sensing beam management in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0035] Fig.18 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process for wireless communications at a network entity in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0036] Fig.19 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process for wireless communications at a network entity in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0037] Fig. 20is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for sensing beam determination for target area coverage in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] For illustrative purposes, certain aspects of the present disclosure are provided below. Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, alternative aspects may be designed. Additionally, well-known elements of the present disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted to avoid making the relevant details of the present disclosure difficult to understand. Some aspects of the various aspects described herein may be applied independently, and some of them may be applied in combination, which is obvious to those skilled in the art. In the following description, specific details are set forth for explanation purposes to provide a thorough understanding of various aspects of the application. However, it is apparent that various aspects may be implemented without these specific details. Each drawing and description is not intended to be restrictive.

[0039] The following description provides only example aspects and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the present disclosure. Instead, the following description of the example aspects will provide a description that can be used to implement the example aspects to those skilled in the art. It should be understood that various changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements without departing from the scope of the present application as set forth in the appended claims.

[0040] As previously mentioned, radar sensing systems typically use radio frequency (RF) waveforms in antenna beams to perform RF sensing to determine or estimate one or more characteristics of a target object, such as the presence, distance, angle, movement, and / or speed of the target object. The target object may include a vehicle, an obstacle, a user, a building, or other objects. A typical radar system includes at least one transmitter, at least one receiver, and at least one processor. When a receiver is positioned at a first device away from a transmitter of a second device, the radar system may perform dual-station sensing. Similarly, when multiple receivers of multiple devices are positioned at least one transmitter of at least one device, all away from each other, the radar system may perform multi-station sensing.

[0041] During operation of the radar sensing system, a transmitter transmits an electromagnetic (EM) signal in the RF domain toward a target object. The signal reflects from the target object to produce one or more reflected signals that provide information or properties about the target, such as the position and velocity of the target object. At least one receiver receives the one or more reflected signals, and at least one processor that may be associated with the at least one receiver utilizes information from the one or more reflected signals to determine information or properties of the target object. The target object may also be referred to herein as a target.

[0042] Radar sensing signals, which may be referred to as radar reference signals (RS), are typically designed for and used only for sensing purposes. Radar RSs typically do not contain any communication information. RF sensing systems are designed to send RF sensing signals on a specified radar RF band (e.g., 77 GHz for autonomous driving). Communication RSs are typically designed for and used only for communication purposes, including estimating channel parameters for communication. Cellular communication systems are designed to send communication signals on a specified communication band (e.g., 23 gigahertz (GHz), 3.5 GHz, etc. for 5G / NR, 2.2 GHz, etc. for LTE).

[0043] As previously mentioned, for RF sensing, full coverage of a target by an antenna beam pair allows accurate identification of the characteristics of the target (e.g., presence, distance, angle, movement, and / or speed). Standards (e.g., 3GPP) currently define rules for identifying the best antenna beam pair to be used for communication purposes. However, the antenna beam pairs identified based on these rules may not ensure full coverage of the target for sensing purposes, which may result in inaccurate estimates of the characteristics of the target.

[0044] In some aspects of the present disclosure, systems, apparatus, methods (also referred to as processes), and computer-readable media (collectively referred to herein as "systems and techniques") that provide sensing beam determination for target area coverage are described herein. In one or more examples, the systems and techniques of the present disclosure determine the best sensing beam to provide complete coverage of the target based on reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and Doppler measurements of the beam. In some examples, the systems and techniques provide phase control to ensure continuity of the configured sensing resources (e.g., beams) for sensing of the target. In one or more examples, a network device (e.g., UE) may bundle RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements together to obtain a measurement report, and transmit the measurement report to the network (e.g., a network entity such as a base station or a network server) to select sensing resources (e.g., beams) for sensing of the target. Additional details of the disclosed systems and techniques for sensing beam determination for target area coverage are described below with respect to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Additional aspects of the disclosure are described in more detail below.

[0046] As used herein, the terms "user equipment" (UE) and "network entity" are not intended to be exclusive to or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT), unless otherwise specified. In general, a UE can be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, a router, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, and / or a tracking device, etc.), a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses, a wearable ring, and / or an extended reality (XR) device (such as a virtual reality (VR) headset, an augmented reality (AR) headset or glasses, or a mixed reality (MR) headset)), a vehicle (e.g., a car, a motorcycle, a bicycle, etc.), and / or an Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc., for a user to communicate on a wireless communication network. A UE can be mobile or (e.g., at certain times) can be stationary and can communicate with a radio access network (RAN). As used herein, the term "UE" may be interchangeably referred to as an "access terminal" or "AT," "client device," "wireless device," "subscriber equipment," "subscriber terminal," "subscriber station," "user terminal" or "UT," "mobile device," "mobile terminal," "mobile station," or variations thereof. Typically, a UE may communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network, the UE may connect to external networks such as the Internet and to other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UE, such as through a wired access network, a wireless local area network (WLAN) network (e.g., based on IEEE 802.11 communication standards, etc.), and the like.

[0047] The network entity may be implemented in a converged or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a disaggregated base station architecture, and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC. A base station (e.g., having a converged / monolithic base station architecture or a disaggregated base station architecture) may operate in communication with a UE according to one of several RATs depending on the network in which the base station is deployed, and may alternatively be referred to as an access point (AP), a network node, a Node B (NB), an evolved Node B (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a new radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc. A base station may be primarily used to support wireless access for UEs, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the supported UEs. In some systems, a base station may provide edge node signaling functions, while in other systems, a base station may provide additional control and / or network management functions. The communication link by which a UE can transmit signals to a base station is referred to as an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc.). The communication link by which a base station can transmit signals to a UE is referred to as a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term traffic channel (TCH) may refer to an uplink, a reverse or downlink, and / or a forward traffic channel.

[0048] The term "network entity" or "base station" (e.g., having a clustered / monolithic base station architecture or a disaggregated base station architecture) may refer to a single physical transmit-receive point (TRP) or multiple physical transmit-receive points (TRPs) that may or may not be co-located. For example, where the term "network entity" or "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be a base station antenna corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. Where the term "network entity" or "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be antenna arrays of the base station (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming). Where the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transmission medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, the non-co-located physical TRPs may be the serving base station receiving the measurement report from the UE and the neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signal (or "reference signal" for short) the UE is measuring. As used herein, since the TRP is the point at which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, references to transmitting from or receiving at a base station should be understood to refer to a specific TRP of a base station.

[0049] In some specific implementations of supporting UE positioning, a network entity or base station may not support wireless access for the UE (e.g., may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections with respect to the UE), but may instead send a reference signal to be measured by the UE to the UE and / or may receive and measure a signal sent by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning tower (e.g., in the case of sending a signal to the UE) and / or as a position measurement unit (e.g., in the case of receiving and measuring a signal from the UE).

[0050] RF signals include electromagnetic waves of a given frequency that transmit information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may send a single "RF signal" or multiple "RF signals" to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple "RF signals" corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between a transmitter and a receiver may be referred to as a "multipath" RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a "wireless signal" or simply a "signal" where it is clear from the context that the term "signal" refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.

[0051] According to various aspects, Figure 1An exemplary wireless communication system 100 that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for sensing beam determination for target area coverage according to some aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 and various UEs 104. In some aspects, the base stations 102 may also be referred to as "network entities" or "network nodes". One or more of the base stations 102 may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the base stations 102 may be implemented in a decomposed base station architecture and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (Near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (Non-RT) RIC. The base station 102 may include a macro cell base station (high power cellular base station) and / or a small cell base station (low power cellular base station). On the one hand, the macro cell base station may include an eNB and / or an ng-eNB (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to a long term evolution (LTE) network), or a gNB (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network), or a combination of both, and the small cell base station may include a femto cell, a pico cell, a micro cell, etc.

[0052] The base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) through a backhaul link 122, and interface to one or more location servers 172 (which may be part of the core network 170 or may be external to the core network 170) through the core network 170. Among other functions, the base stations 102 may perform functions related to one or more of the following: delivering user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC or 5GC) through a backhaul link 134 (which may be wired and / or wireless).

[0053] Base station 102 can communicate wirelessly with UE 104. Each of base stations 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. In one aspect, base station 102 in each coverage area 110 can support one or more cells. A "cell" is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., on a certain frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, band, etc.), and can be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI), a virtual cell identifier (VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI)) to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells can be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine type communication (MTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) or other protocol types) that can provide access to different types of UEs. Since a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term "cell" can refer to either or both of a logical communication entity and a base station supporting the logical communication entity, depending on the context. In addition, since a TRP is typically a physical transmission point of a cell, the terms "cell" and "TRP" can be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term "cell" may also refer to a geographic coverage area (eg, a sector) of a base station, as long as a carrier frequency can be detected within some portion of the geographic coverage area 110 and used for communications.

[0054] Although the geographic coverage areas 110 of neighboring macrocell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover area), some areas of the geographic coverage areas 110 may substantially overlap with the larger geographic coverage area 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' may have a coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the coverage areas 110 of one or more macrocell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell base stations and macrocell base stations may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a Home eNB (HeNB) that may provide services to a restricted group referred to as a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG).

[0055] The communication link 120 between the base station 102 and the UE 104 may include uplink (also known as reverse link) transmissions from the UE 104 to the base station 102 and / or downlink (also known as forward link) transmissions from the base station 102 to the UE 104. The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may be over one or more carrier frequencies. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric for the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink than to the uplink).

[0056] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a WLAN AP 150 in communication with a WLAN station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in an unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 gigahertz (GHz)). When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure before communicating to determine whether a channel is available. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a device (e.g., UE, etc.) that communicates with one or more UEs 104, base stations 102, APs 150, etc. using an ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum. The UWB spectrum may range from 3.1 GHz to 10.5 GHz.

[0057] The small cell base station 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in the unlicensed spectrum, the small cell base station 102' can adopt LTE or NR technology and use the same 5GHz unlicensed spectrum used by the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102' using LTE and / or 5G in the unlicensed spectrum can boost the coverage of the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network. NR in the unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as NR-U. LTE in the unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as LTE-U, License Assisted Access (LAA) or MulteFire.

[0058] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180 that can operate in mmW frequencies and / or near mmW frequencies to communicate with UE 182. The mmW base station 180 may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a decomposed base station architecture (e.g., including one or more of CU, DU, RU, near RT RIC, or non-RT RIC). Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz, with a wavelength between 1 mm and 10 mm. The radio waves in this band may be referred to as millimeter waves. Near mmW can be extended down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 mm. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, which is also referred to as centimeter waves. Communications using mmW and / or near mmW radio frequency bands have high path loss and relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) on the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. In addition, it should be understood that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near-mmW and beamforming. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0059] Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing an RF signal in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node or entity (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectionally). With transmit beamforming, the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thereby providing a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal to the receiving device. In order to change the directionality of the RF signal when transmitting, the network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of the one or more transmitters that broadcast the RF signal. For example, a network node can use an array of antennas (referred to as a "phased array" or "antenna array") that produces RF beams that can be "steered" to point in different directions without actually moving the antenna. Specifically, the RF current from the transmitter is fed to the individual antennas in the correct phase relationship so that the radio waves from the separate antennas are added together in the desired direction to increase the radiation, and canceled in the undesired direction to suppress the radiation.

[0060] The transmit beams can be quasi-co-located, which means that they appear to the receiver (e.g., UE) to have the same parameters, regardless of whether the transmit antennas of the network nodes themselves are physically co-located. In NR, there are four types of quasi-co-location (QCL) relationships. Specifically, a given type of QCL relationship means that certain parameters about the second reference RF signal on the second beam can be derived based on information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. Therefore, if the source reference RF signal is QCL type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay and delay spread of the second reference RF signal sent on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of the second reference RF signal sent on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of the second reference RF signal sent on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type D, the receiver may use the source reference RF signal to estimate spatial reception parameters of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0061] In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a receive beam to amplify an RF signal detected on a given channel. For example, a receiver may increase the gain setting of an antenna array in a particular direction and / or adjust the phase setting of an antenna array in a particular direction to amplify (e.g., increase its gain level) the RF signal received from that direction. Thus, when a receiver is said to be beamforming in a certain direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along other directions, or the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain of other receive beams available to the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), etc.) for the RF signal received from that direction.

[0062] The receive beams may be spatially correlated. The spatial relationship means that the parameters of the transmit beam for the second reference signal may be derived from information about the receive beam for the first reference signal. For example, the UE may receive one or more reference downlink reference signals (e.g., positioning reference signal (PRS), tracking reference signal (TRS), phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), cell-specific reference signal (CRS), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), synchronization signal block (SSB), etc.) from a network node or entity (e.g., a base station) using a specific receive beam. The UE may then form a transmit beam based on the parameters of the receive beam for sending one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., uplink positioning reference signal (UL-PRS), sounding reference signal (SRS), demodulation reference signal (DMRS), PTRS, etc.) to a network node or entity (e.g., a base station).

[0063] Note that, depending on the entity forming the "downlink" beam, the beam can be a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if a network node or entity (e.g., a base station) is forming a downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if the UE is forming a downlink beam, the downlink beam is a receive beam that receives a downlink reference signal. Similarly, depending on the entity forming the "uplink" beam, the beam can be a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if a network node or entity (e.g., a base station) is forming an uplink beam, the uplink beam is an uplink receive beam, and if the UE is forming an uplink beam, the uplink beam is an uplink transmit beam.

[0064] In 5G, the spectrum in which the wireless network nodes or entities (e.g., base stations 102 / 180, UEs 104 / 182) operate is divided into multiple frequency ranges: FR1 (from 450 megahertz (MHz) to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 MHz to 52600 MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). In a multi-carrier system (such as 5G), one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as a "primary carrier" or "anchor carrier" or "primary serving cell" or "PCell", and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as "secondary carriers" or "secondary serving cells" or "SCells". In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is a carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) used by the UE 104 / 182 and the cell in which the UE 104 / 182 performs an initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates an RRC connection reestablishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels and can be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). A secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that can be configured once an RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier, and can be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier can be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example, since the primary uplink carrier and the primary downlink carrier are usually UE-specific, those signaling information and signals specific to the UE may not be present in the secondary carrier. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 in a cell may have different downlink primary carriers. This is also true for the uplink primary carrier. The network is able to change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Since a "serving cell" (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency or component carrier that some base stations are using to communicate, the terms "cell", "serving cell", "component carrier", "carrier frequency", etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0065] For example, still refer to Figure 1, one of the frequencies used by the macrocell base station 102 may be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and the other frequencies used by the macrocell base station 102 and / or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers ("SCells"). In carrier aggregation, the base station 102 and / or the UE 104 may use spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz) per carrier, with up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) in each direction for transmission. The component carriers may be adjacent to each other or may not be adjacent to each other in the spectrum. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink than to the uplink). The simultaneous transmission and / or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rate. For example, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in a doubling of the data rate (e.g., 40 MHz) compared to the data rate obtained with a single 20 MHz carrier.

[0066] In order to operate on multiple carrier frequencies, the base station 102 and / or the UE 104 are equipped with multiple receivers and / or transmitters. For example, the UE 104 may have two receivers, namely "receiver 1" and "receiver 2", where "receiver 1" is a multi-band receiver that can be tuned to band (e.g., carrier frequency) "X" or band "Y", and "receiver 2" is a single-band receiver that can be tuned to only band "Z". In this example, if the UE 104 is being served in band "X", then band "X" will be referred to as the PCell or active carrier frequency, and "receiver 1" will need to tune from band "X" to band "Y" (SCell) to measure band "Y" (and vice versa). In contrast, regardless of whether the UE 104 is being served in band "X" or band "Y", due to the separate "receiver 2", the UE 104 can measure band "Z" without interrupting the service on band "X" or band "Y".

[0067] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a UE 164, which may communicate with the macrocell base station 102 over the communication link 120 and / or communicate with the mmW base station 180 over the mmW communication link 184. For example, the macrocell base station 102 may support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0068] The wireless communication system 100 may also include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, which are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “side links”). Figure 1In the example of FIG. 1 , UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of UEs 104 connected to one of base stations 102 (e.g., UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity through the D2D P2P link), and has a D2D P2P link 194 with WLAN STA 152 connected to WLAN AP 150 (UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity through the D2D P2P link). In an example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can use any well-known D2D RAT (such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), etc.) to support.

[0069] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a decomposed base station architecture employed by the disclosed systems and techniques that may be determined by sensing beams for target area coverage according to some aspects of the present disclosure. The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) may be arranged in a variety of ways with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment (such as a base station (BS) or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality) may be implemented in an aggregated or decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an AP, a transmit receive point (TRP), or a cell, etc.) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also called a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0070] A converged base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may also be implemented as a virtual unit (e.g., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), a virtual radio unit (VRU), etc.).

[0071] Base station type operations or network designs may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (network configurations such as those initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Decomposition may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Individual units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0072] As mentioned earlier, Figure 2 A diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station 201 architecture is shown. The decomposed base station 201 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 211 that may communicate directly with a core network 223 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 223 through one or more decomposed base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 227 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 217 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 207, or both. The CU 211 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 231 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 231 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 241 via respective fronthaul links. The RU 241 may communicate with respective UEs 221 via one or more RF access links. In some implementations, a UE 221 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 241.

[0073] Each of the units (e.g., CU 211, DU 231, RU 241, and near-RT RIC 227, non-RT RIC 217, and SMO framework 207) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of these units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive or send signals, or both, to one or more of the other units on a wireless transmission medium.

[0074] In some aspects, CU 211 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 211. CU 211 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (e.g., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 211 may be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 211 may be implemented to communicate with DU 231 for network control and signaling.

[0075] DU 231 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 241. In some aspects, DU 221 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) at least in part according to functional divisions such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In some aspects, DU 231 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 231 or with control functions hosted by CU 211.

[0076] The lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 241. In some deployments, the RU 241 controlled by the DU 231 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on functional partitioning (such as lower layer functional partitioning). In such an architecture, the RU 241 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 221. In some specific implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 241 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 231. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the implementation of the DU 231 and the CU 211 in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0077] The SMO framework 207 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 207 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 207 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 291) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 211, DU 231, RU 241, and near-RT RIC 227. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 207 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 213) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 207 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 241 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 207 may also include a non-RT RIC 217 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 207 .

[0078] The non-RT RIC 217 may be configured to include logic functions that implement non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 227. The non-RT RIC 217 may be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 227 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 227 may be configured to include logic functions that implement near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions on an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 211, one or more DUs 231, or both, and the O-eNB 213 with the near-RT RIC 227.

[0079] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 227, the non-RT RIC 217 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 227 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 207 or the non-RT RIC 117. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 217 or the near-RT RIC 227 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 217 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 207 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0080] Various radio frame structures may be used to support downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, and sidelink transmissions between network nodes (eg, a base station and a UE). Figure 3 is a diagram 300 illustrating an example of a frame structure that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for sensing beam determination for target area coverage in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure. Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0081] NR (and LTE) utilizes OFDM on the downlink and single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. However, unlike LTE, NR also has the option of using OFDM on the uplink. OFDM and SC-FDM divide the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also often called tones, frequency bins, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. In general, modulation symbols are transmitted in the frequency domain using OFDM and in the time domain using SC-FDM. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) can depend on the system bandwidth. For example, the spacing of the subcarriers can be 15kHz, and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) can be 12 subcarriers (or 180kHz). Therefore, for a system bandwidth of 1.25 megahertz (MHz), 2.5MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, or 20MHz, the nominal fast Fourier transform (FFT) size can be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048, respectively. The system bandwidth may also be divided into subbands. For example, a subband may cover 1.08 MHz (ie, 6 resource blocks), and there may be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 subbands for system bandwidths of 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, or 20 MHz, respectively.

[0082] LTE supports a single parameter set (subcarrier spacing, symbol length, etc.). In contrast, NR may support multiple parameter sets (μ). For example, 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz, 120kHz, and 240kHz or larger subcarrier spacing (SCS) may be available. Table 1 provided below lists some different parameters for different NR parameter sets.

[0083]

[0084] Table 1

[0085] In one example, a 15 kHz parameter set is used. Thus, in the time domain, a 10 millisecond (ms) frame is divided into 10 equally sized subframes, each subframe is 1 ms, and each subframe includes one time slot. Figure 3, time is represented horizontally (eg, on the X-axis), where time increases from left to right, and frequency is represented vertically (eg, on the Y-axis), where frequency increases (or decreases) from bottom to top.

[0086] A resource grid may be used to represent time slots, each of which includes one or more time-concurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain. Figure 3 An example of a resource block (RB) 302 employed by the disclosed systems and techniques that may be determined by a sensing beam for target area coverage according to some aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. Data or information for communication and / or sensing may be included in one or more RBs 302. The time domain of the RBs 302 is arranged on the horizontal (or x-) axis, while the frequency domain is arranged on the vertical (or y-) axis. As shown, the RBs 302 may be 180 kilohertz (kHz) wide in frequency and one slot long in time (where a slot is 1 millisecond (ms) in time). In some cases, a slot may include fourteen symbols (e.g., in slot configuration 0). The RBs 302 include twelve subcarriers (along the y-axis) and fourteen symbols (along the x-axis).

[0087] The intersection of a symbol and a subcarrier may be referred to as a resource element (RE) 304 or a tone. Figure 3 An RB 302 includes a plurality of REs, which include resource elements (REs) 304. For example, an RE 304 is 1 subcarrier x 1 symbol (e.g., OFDM symbol) and is the smallest discrete portion of a subframe. RE 304 includes a single complex value representing data from a physical channel or signal. The number of bits carried by each RE 304 depends on the modulation scheme.

[0088] In some aspects, some REs 304 may be used to send downlink reference (pilot) signals (DL-RS). DL-RS may include positioning reference signals (PRS), tracking reference signals (TRS), phase tracking reference signals (PTRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), etc. Figure 3 The resource grid of exemplifies exemplary locations (labeled as “R”) of REs 304 for transmitting DL-RS.

[0089] Figure 44 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system 470 of an electronic device 407 that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for sensing beam determination for target area coverage in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. The electronic device 407 is an example of a device that may include hardware and software for connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems using a communication network (e.g., a 3rd generation partner network such as a 5th generation (5G) / new radio (NR) network, a 4th generation (4G) / long term evolution (LTE) network, a WiFi network, or other communication network). For example, the electronic device 407 may include or be part of a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone), a wearable device (e.g., a web-connected or smartwatch), an extended reality device (e.g., a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, or a mixed reality (MR) device), a personal computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a wireless access point, a router, a vehicle or a component of a vehicle, a server computer, a robotic device, and / or other devices used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network. In some cases, device 407 may be referred to as user equipment (UE), such as when referring to a device configured to communicate using 5G / NR, 4G / LTE, or other telecommunication standards. In some cases, the device may be referred to as a station (STA), such as when referring to a device configured to communicate using the Wi-Fi standard.

[0090] The computing system 470 includes software and hardware components that may be electrically or communicatively coupled via a bus 489 (or may communicate in other ways, as appropriate). For example, the computing system 470 includes one or more processors 484. The one or more processors 484 may include one or more CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, APs, GPUs, VPUs, NSPs, microcontrollers, dedicated hardware, any combination thereof, and / or other processing devices and / or systems. The bus 489 may be used by the one or more processors 484 to communicate between cores and / or with one or more memory devices 486.

[0091] The computing system 470 may also include one or more memory devices 486, one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) 482, one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) 474, one or more modems 476, one or more wireless transceivers 478, one or more antennas 487, one or more input devices 472 (e.g., a camera, a mouse, a keyboard, a touch-sensitive screen, a touchpad, a keypad, a microphone or microphone array, etc.), and one or more output devices 480 (e.g., a display, a speaker, a printer, etc.).

[0092] One or more wireless transceivers 478 may receive wireless signals (e.g., signal 488) via antenna 487 from one or more other devices such as other user devices, network devices (e.g., base stations such as evolved Node B (eNB) and / or gNodeB (gNB)), WiFi access points (APs) such as routers, range extenders, etc.), cloud networks, etc. In some examples, computing system 470 may include multiple antennas or antenna arrays that can facilitate simultaneous transmission and reception functionality. Antenna 487 may be an omnidirectional antenna so that RF signals can be received from all directions and RF signals can be transmitted in all directions. Wireless signal 488 may be sent via a wireless network. The wireless network may be any wireless network, such as a cellular or telecommunications network (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, etc.), a wireless local area network (e.g., a WiFi network), a Bluetooth TM network and / or other networks. In some examples, one or more wireless transceivers 478 may include an RF front end that includes one or more components such as an amplifier, a mixer for down-converting a signal (also referred to as a signal multiplier), a frequency synthesizer (also referred to as an oscillator) that provides a signal to the mixer, a baseband filter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), one or more power amplifiers, and other components. The RF front end may generally handle the selection of wireless signals 488 and the conversion of the wireless signals to baseband or intermediate frequencies, and may convert RF signals to the digital domain.

[0093] In some cases, computing system 470 may include a coding-decoding device (or CODEC) configured to encode and / or decode data transmitted and / or received using one or more wireless transceivers 478. In some cases, computing system 470 may include an encryption-decryption device or component configured to encrypt and / or decrypt data transmitted and / or received by one or more wireless transceivers 478 (e.g., in accordance with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and / or Data Encryption Standard (DES) standards).

[0094] One or more SIMs 474 may each securely store an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number and associated keys assigned to a user of the electronic device 407. The IMSI and keys may be used to identify and authenticate subscribers when accessing a network provided by a network service provider or operator associated with one or more SIMs 474. One or more modems 476 may modulate one or more signals to encode information for transmission using one or more wireless transceivers 478. One or more modems 476 may also demodulate signals received by one or more wireless transceivers 478 in order to decode the transmitted information. In some examples, one or more modems 476 may include a WiFi modem, a 4G (or LTE) modem, a 5G (or NR) modem, and / or other types of modems. One or more modems 476 and one or more wireless transceivers 478 may be used to communicate data of one or more SIMs 474.

[0095] The computing system 470 may also include (and / or be in communication with) one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media or storage devices (e.g., one or more memory devices 486), which may include, but are not limited to, local and / or network accessible storage, disk drives, drive arrays, optical storage devices, solid-state storage devices (such as RAM and / or ROM), which may be programmable, flash-updatable, etc. Such storage devices may be configured to implement any suitable data storage, including, but not limited to, various file systems, database structures, etc.

[0096] In various aspects, the functionality may be stored as one or more computer program products (e.g., instructions or code) in the memory device 486 and executed by the one or more processors 484 and / or the one or more DSPs 482. The computing system 470 may also include software elements (e.g., located within the one or more memory devices 486) including, for example, an operating system, device drivers, executable libraries, and / or other code, such as one or more applications, which may include computer programs that implement the functionality provided by various aspects and / or may be designed to implement methods and / or configure systems, as described herein.

[0097] In some aspects, the electronic device 407 may include means for performing the operations described herein. The means may include one or more components of the computing system 470. For example, the means for performing the operations described herein may include one or more of an input device 472, a SIM 474, a modem 476, a wireless transceiver 478, an output device 480, a DSP 482, a processor 484, a memory device 486, and / or an antenna 487.

[0098] In some aspects, the electronic device 407 may include components for providing sensing beam determination of target area coverage. In some examples, any or all of these components may include one or more wireless transceivers 478, one or more modems 476, one or more processors 484, one or more DSPs 482, one or more memory devices 486, any combination thereof, or other components of the electronic device 407.

[0099] Figure 5 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a receiver 504 employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for determining one or more characteristics (e.g., position, velocity or speed, heading, etc.) of a target 502 object using RF bistatic sensing techniques together with a transmitter 500 that may be determined by sensing beams for target area coverage according to some aspects of the present disclosure. For example, the receiver 504 may use RF bistatic sensing to detect the presence and position of a target 502 (e.g., an object, user, or vehicle) that is within a certain range of the target area. Figure 5 In one example, the receiver 504 may be in the form of a base station such as a gNB.

[0100] Figure 5 The bistatic radar system includes a transmitter 500 (e.g., a transmitting sensing node), which is depicted in the figure as being in the form of a base station (e.g., a gNB), and a receiver 504 (e.g., a receiving sensing node), which is separated by a distance comparable to the expected target distance. Figure 5 The transmitter 500 and the receiver 504 of a bistatic radar system are located remotely from each other. In contrast, a monostatic radar is a radar system that includes a transmitter and a receiver that are co-located with each other.

[0101] An advantage of a bistatic radar (or more generally, a multistatic radar with more than one receiver) over a monostatic radar is the ability to collect radar echoes returning from a scene at angles different than the angle at which the pulse was transmitted. This may be of interest in some applications (e.g., vehicle applications, scenes with multiple objects, military applications, etc.) where targets may reflect transmitted energy in many directions (e.g., where targets are specifically designed to reflect in many directions), which may minimize the energy reflected back to the transmitter. It should be noted that in one or more examples, a monostatic system may coexist with a multistatic radar system, such as when the transmitter also has a co-located receiver.

[0102] In some examples, Figure 5 The transmitter 500 and / or the receiver 504 may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a wearable device, a vehicle, or other device including at least one RF interface (e.g., Figure 4In some examples, the transmitter 500 and / or the receiver 504 may be a user device (e.g., Figure 4 Device 407) provides connectivity, such as a base station (e.g., gNB, eNB, etc.), a wireless access point (AP), or other device including at least one RF interface.

[0103] In some aspects, transmitter 500 may include one or more components for transmitting RF signals. Transmitter 500 may include at least one processor (e.g., Fig. 20 The transmitter 500 may further include an RF transmitter for transmitting a Tx signal including the Tx waveform 516. The RF transmitter may be a transmitter configured to transmit a cellular or telecommunication signal (e.g., a transmitter configured to transmit a 5G / NR signal, a 4G / LTE signal, or other cellular / telecommunication signal, etc.), a Wi-Fi transmitter, a Bluetooth transmitter, or a wireless transmitter. TM transmitter, any combination thereof, or any other transmitter capable of transmitting RF signals.

[0104] The RF transmitter may be coupled to one or more transmit antennas, such as a Tx antenna. In some examples, the Tx antenna may be an omnidirectional antenna capable of transmitting RF signals in all directions, or a directional antenna that transmits RF signals in a specific direction. In some examples, the Tx antenna may include multiple antennas (e.g., elements) configured as an antenna array.

[0105] The receiver 504 may include one or more components for receiving RF signals. For example, the receiver 504 may include one or more receiving antennas, such as an Rx antenna. In some examples, the Rx antenna may be an omnidirectional antenna capable of receiving RF signals from multiple directions, or a directional antenna configured to receive signals from a specific direction. In another example, the Rx antenna may include multiple antennas (e.g., elements) configured as an antenna array.

[0106] The receiver 504 may also include an RF receiver coupled to the Rx antenna. The RF receiver may include a signal for receiving RF waveforms (such as Wi-Fi signals, Bluetooth TM The output of the RF receiver may be coupled to at least one processor (e.g., Fig. 20 The processor may be configured to process the received waveform (eg, Rx waveform 518).

[0107] In one or more examples, the transmitter 500 can implement an RF sensing technique (e.g., a bistatic sensing technique) by transmitting the Tx waveform 516 from the Tx antenna. It should be noted that although the Tx waveform 516 is illustrated as a single line, in some cases, the Tx waveform 516 can be transmitted in all directions by an omnidirectional Tx antenna.

[0108] In one or more aspects, one or more parameters associated with the Tx waveform 516 may be used to increase or decrease the RF sensing resolution. These parameters may include frequency, bandwidth, number of spatial streams, number of antennas configured to transmit the Tx waveform 516, number of antennas configured to receive reflected RF signals (e.g., Rx waveform 518) corresponding to the Tx waveform 516, number of spatial links (e.g., number of spatial streams multiplied by number of antennas configured to receive RF signals), sampling rate, or any combination thereof. The transmitted waveform (e.g., Tx waveform 516) and the received waveform (e.g., Rx waveform 518) may include one or more radar RF sensing signals (also referred to as RF sensing RS).

[0109] During operation, the receiver 504 (e.g., operating as a receive sensing node) may receive a signal corresponding to the Tx waveform 516, which is transmitted by the transmitter 500 (e.g., operating as a transmit sensing node). For example, the receiver 504 may receive a signal reflected from an object or person within the range of the Tx waveform 516, such as the Rx waveform 518 reflected from the target 502. In some cases, the Rx waveform 518 may include multiple sequences corresponding to multiple copies of the sequence included in the Tx waveform 516. In some examples, the receiver 504 may combine the received multiple sequences to improve the SNR.

[0110] In some examples, at least one processor within receiver 504 can use the RF sensing data to calculate a distance, angle of arrival, or other characteristics corresponding to a reflected waveform, such as Rx waveform 518. In other examples, the RF sensing data can also be used to detect motion, determine position, detect a change in position or motion pattern, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the distance and angle of arrival of the reflected signal can be used to identify the size, position, movement, and / or orientation of an object (e.g., object 502) in the surrounding environment in order to detect object presence / proximity.

[0111] The processor of the receiver 504 may calculate the distance and arrival angle corresponding to the reflected waveform (e.g., the distance and arrival angle corresponding to the Rx waveform 518) by using signal processing, machine learning algorithms, any other suitable techniques, or any combination thereof. In other examples, the receiver 504 may send or transmit the RF sensing data to at least one processor of another computing device (such as a server), which may perform calculations to obtain the distance and arrival angle corresponding to the Rx waveform 518 or other reflected waveforms.

[0112] In one or more examples, the angle of arrival of the Rx waveform 518 can be calculated by the processor of the receiver 504 by measuring the time difference of arrival of the Rx waveform 518 between individual elements of the receive antenna array of the receiver 504. In some examples, the time difference of arrival can be calculated by measuring the receive phase difference at each element in the receive antenna array.

[0113] In some cases, the distance and angle of arrival of the Rx waveform 518 may be used by the processor of the receiver 504 to determine the distance between the receiver 504 and the target 502 and the orientation of the target 502 relative to the receiver 504. The distance and angle of arrival of the Rx waveform 518 may also be used to determine the presence, movement, proximity, identity, or any combination thereof of the target 502. For example, the processor of the receiver 504 may use the calculated distance and angle of arrival corresponding to the Rx waveform 518 to determine that the target 502 is moving toward the receiver 504.

[0114] Figure 6 604 and a plurality of transmitters (including transmitter 600a, transmitter 600b, and transmitter 600c) that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for sensing beam determination for target zone coverage in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure to determine one or more characteristics (e.g., position, speed or velocity, heading, etc.) of a target 602 object using RF bistatic sensing techniques. For example, receiver 604 may use RF bistatic sensing to detect the presence and position of target 602 (e.g., an object, user, or vehicle). Target 602 may be located at a location that is within a certain range of the present disclosure. Figure 6 The objects are depicted in the form of objects without communication capabilities (which may be referred to as device-less objects), such as people, vehicles (e.g., vehicles without the ability to send and receive messages such as using C-V2X or DSRC protocols), or other device-less objects. Figure 6 The bistatic radar system is similar to Figure 5 The dual-station radar system is just Figure 6 The bistatic radar system has multiple transmitters 600a, 600b, 600c, and Figure 5 The bistatic radar system has only one transmitter 500 .

[0115] Figure 6 The bistatic radar system of includes a plurality of transmitters 600a, 600b, 600c (eg, transmitting sensing nodes), which are illustrated as being in the form of base stations. Figure 6 The bistatic radar system of also includes a receiver 604 (eg, a receiving sensing node) depicted in the form of a smartphone. Each of the transmitters 600a, 600b, 600c is separated from the receiver 604 by a distance comparable to the expected distance from the target 602. Similar to Figure 5 The dual station system Figure 6 The transmitters 600a, 600b, 600c and the receiver 604 of the bistatic radar system are located remotely from each other.

[0116] In one or more examples, the transmitters 600a, 600b, 600c, and / or the receiver 604 can each be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a wearable device, a vehicle (e.g., a vehicle configured to send and receive communications according to C-V2X, DSRC, or other communication protocols), or other devices including at least one RF interface (e.g., Figure 4 In some examples, transmitters 600a, 600b, 600c and / or receiver 604 may each be a user device (e.g., Figure 4 IoT device 407) provides connectivity to the device, such as a base station (e.g., gNB, eNB, etc.), a wireless access point (AP), or other device including at least one RF interface.

[0117] The transmitters 600a, 600b, 600c may include one or more components for transmitting RF signals. Each of the transmitters 600a, 600b, 600c may include at least one processor (e.g., Fig. 202010 of the processor 2010). Each of the transmitters 600a, 600b, 600c may also include an RF transmitter for transmitting a Tx signal including a Tx waveform 616a, 616b, 616c, 620a, 620b, 620c. In one or more examples, the Tx waveform 616a, 616b, 616c is an RF sensing signal, and the Tx waveform 620a, 620b, 620c is a communication signal. In one or more examples, the Tx waveform 620a, 620b, 620c is a communication signal that can be used to schedule a transmitter (e.g., transmitters 600a, 600b, 600c) and a receiver (e.g., receiver 604) to perform RF sensing of a target (e.g., target 602) to obtain location information about the target. The RF transmitter may be a transmitter configured to transmit a cellular or telecommunication signal (e.g., a transmitter configured to transmit a 5G / NR signal, a 4G / LTE signal, or other cellular / telecommunication signal, etc.), a Wi-Fi transmitter, a Bluetooth transmitter, or a wireless transmitter. TM transmitter, any combination thereof, or any other transmitter capable of transmitting RF signals.

[0118] The RF transmitter may be coupled to one or more transmit antennas, such as a Tx antenna. In one or more examples, the Tx antenna may be an omnidirectional antenna capable of transmitting RF signals in all directions, or a directional antenna that transmits RF signals in a specific direction. The Tx antenna may include multiple antennas (e.g., elements) configured as an antenna array.

[0119] Figure 6 The receiver 604 may include one or more components for receiving RF signals. For example, the receiver 604 may include one or more receiving antennas, such as an Rx antenna. In one or more examples, the Rx antenna may be an omnidirectional antenna capable of receiving RF signals from multiple directions, or a directional antenna configured to receive signals from a specific direction. In some examples, the Rx antenna may include multiple antennas (e.g., elements) configured as an antenna array (e.g., a phased antenna array), which may be used for communication and / or sensing.

[0120] The receiver 604 may also include an RF receiver coupled to the Rx antenna. The RF receiver may include a signal for receiving RF waveforms (such as Wi-Fi signals, Bluetooth TM The output of the RF receiver may be coupled to at least one processor (e.g., Fig. 20 The processor 2010 may be configured to process the received waveform (eg, Rx waveform 618, which is the reflected (echo) RF sensing signal).

[0121] In some examples, the transmitters 600a, 600b, 600c can implement RF sensing techniques (e.g., bistatic sensing techniques) by having Tx waveforms 616a, 616b, 616c (e.g., radar sensing signals) transmitted from a Tx antenna associated with each of the transmitters 600a, 600b, 600c. Although the Tx waveforms 616a, 616b, 616c are illustrated as a single line, in some cases, the Tx waveforms 616a, 616b, 616c can be transmitted in all directions (e.g., through an omnidirectional Tx antenna associated with each of the transmitters 600a, 600b, 600c).

[0122] In one or more aspects, one or more parameters associated with the Tx waveforms 616a, 616b, 616c may be used to increase or decrease RF sensing resolution. These parameters may include, but are not limited to, frequency, bandwidth, number of spatial streams, number of antennas configured to transmit the Tx waveforms 616a, 616b, 616c, number of antennas configured to receive reflected (echo) RF signals (e.g., Rx waveform 618) corresponding to each of the Tx waveforms 616a, 616b, 616c, number of spatial links (e.g., number of spatial streams multiplied by number of antennas configured to receive RF signals), sampling rate, or any combination thereof. The transmitted waveforms (e.g., Tx waveforms 616a, 616b, 616c) and the received waveforms (e.g., Rx waveform 618) may include one or more radar RF sensing signals (also referred to as RF sensing RS). It should be noted that although Figure 6 Only one reflected sensing signal (eg, Rx waveform 618) is shown in FIG. 6 , but it should be understood that a separate reflected (echo) sensing signal will be generated by each sensing signal reflected from target 602 (eg, Tx waveforms 616a, 616b, 616c).

[0123] exist Figure 6 During operation of the system, the receiver 604 (e.g., which operates as a receive sensing node) can receive signals corresponding to Tx waveforms 616a, 616b, 616c transmitted by transmitters 600a, 600b, 600c (e.g., which each operate as a transmit sensing node). The receiver 604 can receive signals reflected from objects or people within the range of the Tx waveforms 616a, 616b, 616c, such as the Rx waveform 618 reflected from the target 602. In one or more examples, the Rx waveform 618 may include multiple sequences corresponding to multiple copies of the sequence included in its corresponding Tx waveform 616a, 616b, 616c. In some examples, the receiver 604 can combine the received multiple sequences to improve the SNR.

[0124] In some examples, the RF sensing data can be used by at least one processor within the receiver 604 to calculate the distance, angle of arrival (AOA), TDOA, angle of departure (AoD), or other characteristics corresponding to the reflected waveform (e.g., Rx waveform 618). In other examples, the RF sensing data can also be used to detect motion, determine position, detect changes in position or motion patterns, or any combination thereof. In one or more examples, the distance and angle of arrival of the reflected signal can be used to identify the size, position, movement, and / or orientation of the target (e.g., target 602) in order to detect target presence / proximity.

[0125] The processor of the receiver 604 can calculate the distance and arrival angle corresponding to the reflected waveform (e.g., the distance and arrival angle corresponding to the Rx waveform 618) by using signal processing, machine learning algorithms, any other suitable technology, or any combination thereof. In one or more examples, the receiver 604 can send or transmit the RF sensing data to at least one processor of another computing device (such as a server), and the other computing device can perform calculations to obtain the distance and arrival angle corresponding to the Rx waveform 618 or other reflected waveforms (not shown).

[0126] In one or more examples, the processor of the receiver 604 can calculate the angle of arrival (AOA) of the Rx waveform 618 by measuring the TDOA of the Rx waveform 618 between the various elements of the receive antenna array of the receiver 604. In some examples, the TDOA can be calculated by measuring the receive phase difference at each element in the receive antenna array. In an illustrative example, to determine the TDOA, the processor can determine the arrival time difference of the Rx waveform 618 to the receive antenna array element using one of the receive antenna array elements as a reference. The time difference is proportional to the distance difference.

[0127] In some cases, the processor of the receiver 604 may use the distance, AOA, TDOA, other measurement information (e.g., AoD, etc.), any combination thereof of the Rx waveform 618 to determine the distance between the receiver 604 and the target 602, and determine the position of the target 602 relative to the receiver 604. In one example, the processor may use the distance, AOA, and / or TDOA information as input to apply multilateration or other location-based algorithms to determine the position (e.g., 3D position) of the target 602. In other examples, the processor may use the distance, AOA, and / or TDOA of the Rx waveform 618 to determine the presence, movement (e.g., speed or velocity, heading or direction or movement, etc.), proximity, identity, any combination thereof, or other characteristics of the target 602. For example, the processor of the receiver 604 may use the distance, AOA, and / or TDOA corresponding to the Rx waveform 618 to determine that the target is moving toward the receiver 604.

[0128] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating a geometry for bistatic sensing according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 7 The bistatic radar north reference coordinate system in two dimensions is shown. Specifically, Figure 7 700, receiver 704, and target 702 are shown. The bistatic triangle is located in the bistatic plane. The transmitter 700, target 702, and receiver 704 are shown relative to each other. The transmitter 700 and receiver 704 are separated by a baseline distance L. An extended baseline is defined to extend the baseline distance L beyond the transmitter 700 or receiver 704. The target 702 and transmitter 700 are separated by a distance R. T , and the target 702 and the receiver 704 are separated by a distance R R .

[0129] Angle θ T and θ R are the transmitter 700 observation angle and the receiver 704 observation angle, respectively, which are considered positive when measured clockwise from North (N). Angle θ T and θ R Also known as the angle of arrival (AOA) or line of sight (LOS). The bistatic angle (β) is the angle between the transmitter 700, the target 702, and the receiver 704 in the radar. Specifically, the bistatic angle is the angle between the transmitter 700 and the receiver 704, with the vertex at the target 702. The bistatic angle is equal to the observation angle of the transmitter 700 minus the observation angle of the receiver 704 θ R (For example, β = θ T –θ R ).

[0130] When the bistatic angle is exactly zero (0), the radar is considered to be monostatic; when the bistatic angle is close to zero, the radar is considered to be pseudo-monostatic; and when the bistatic angle is close to 180 degrees, the radar is considered to be a forward scatter radar. Otherwise, the radar is simply considered and is called a bistatic radar. The bistatic angle (β) can be used to determine the radar cross section of a target.

[0131] Figure 8 804 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bistatic distance 810 for bistatic sensing according to some aspects of the present disclosure. In the diagram, a transmitter (Tx) 800, a target 802, and a receiver (Rx) 804 of a radar are shown relative to each other. The transmitter 800 is separated from the receiver 804 by a baseline distance L, the target 802 is separated from the transmitter 800 by a distance Rtx, and the target 802 is separated from the receiver 804 by a distance Rrx.

[0132] Bistatic range 810 (shown as an ellipse) refers to a measured range made by a radar having a separate transmitter 800 and receiver 804 (e.g., the transmitter 800 and the receiver 804 are positioned far from each other). The receiver 804 measures the arrival time from when the transmitter 800 transmits a signal to when the receiver 804 receives the signal from the transmitter 800 via the target 802. The bistatic range 810 defines an ellipse of constant bistatic distance, called an equidistant profile, on which the target 802 is located, with the focus centered on the transmitter 800 and the receiver 804. If the target 802 is at a distance Rrx from the receiver 804 and a distance Rtx from the transmitter 800, and the receiver 804 and the transmitter 800 are at a distance L from each other, then the bistatic range is equal to Rrx+Rtx-L. It should be noted that the motion of the target 802 results in a rate of change of the bistatic range, which results in a bistatic Doppler shift.

[0133] Typically, the constant bistatic distance points draw ellipses with the transmitter 800 and receiver 804 positioned as foci. The bistatic isostatic contours are where the ground slices through the ellipse. When the ground is flat, the intercepts form ellipses (e.g., bistatic distance 810). Note that these ellipses are not centered on the mirror point except when the two platforms have equal heights.

[0134] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating a system 900 for communicating using an optimal beam pair 930c, 940c according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Fig. 9 , system 900 is shown as including two network devices 920a, 920b. Network devices 920a, 920b are in the form of UEs, wherein one network device 920a (e.g., UE) operates as a radar receiver (Rx) and the other radar network device 920b (e.g., UE) operates as a radar transmitter (Tx) for sensing. Two targets 910a, 910b are also shown, which are in the form of running men. Network device 920a (e.g., operating as radar Tx) is shown as having multiple transmit beams 940a, 940b, 940c, 940d, 940e radiated in the direction toward targets 910a, 910b, and network device 920b (e.g., operating as radar Rx) is shown as having multiple receive beams 930a, 930b, 930c, 930d, 930e in the direction toward targets 910a, 910b.

[0135] System 900 may include, for example Fig. 9 More or fewer network devices and / or more or fewer targets are shown. In addition, system 900 may include, for example Fig. 9More or less different types of network devices (e.g., base stations such as gNBs) and / or more or less different types of targets (e.g., vehicles and / or objects) are shown. Additionally, the system may also include network entities (e.g., base stations such as gNBs, and / or network servers). Moreover, in one or more examples, the network devices 920a, 920b may be equipped with heterogeneous capabilities that may include, but are not limited to, 4G / 5G cellular connectivity, GPS capabilities, camera capabilities, radar capabilities, and / or LIDAR capabilities.

[0136] The network devices 920a, 920b may be capable of performing wireless communications with each other. In addition, the network devices 920a, 920b may be configured to send and / or receive sensing signals (e.g., RF sensing signals) for radar to detect nearby targets 910a, 910b. In one or more examples, the network devices 920a, 920b may be configured to send and receive radar sensing signals.

[0137] For example, during operation of the system 900 for sensing purposes, the network device 920b (e.g., operating as a radar Tx) may transmit a sensing signal that may be transmitted in a transmit beam 940a, 940e toward a target 910a, 910b to sense and detect the target 910a, 910b. The sensing signal (e.g., within the beam 940a, 940e) may reflect off the target 910a, 910b to produce a reflected sensing signal, which may be received by a receive beam 930a, 930b associated with the network device 920a (e.g., operating as a radar Rx). The network device 920a may then use the reflected sensing signal to determine characteristics (e.g., presence, motion, size, type, heading, and speed) of the detected target 910a, 910b. It should be noted that in one or more examples, the base station rather than the base station may be configured to detect the detected target 910a, 910b. Fig. 9 The UE shown may function as a radar Tx and / or a radar Rx.

[0138] In communication, in order to achieve high throughput, the beams (e.g., beams 930a-930e and beams 940a-940e) should be aligned between the network device 920b operating as a radar Tx and the network device 920a operating as a radar Rx. A general rule for determining the best beam pair to use for communication (e.g., as defined by standards such as 3GPP TR 38.802–6.1.6.1 Beam Management) is to use the beam pair with the highest reference signal received power (RSRP). Typically, the best beam pair for communication is the beam pair with the best line-of-sight (LoS) propagation toward the network devices 920b, 920a. In Fig. 9, beam pair 940c, 930c has the best LoS propagation toward network devices 920b, 920a, and therefore, beam pair 940c, 930c will likely be selected as the best beam pair to be used for communication.

[0139] However, the beam pairs identified based on these rules (e.g., beam pairs 940c, 930c) may not provide complete coverage of the target (e.g., targets 910a, 910b) for sensing purposes, which may lead to inaccurate estimates of the characteristics of the target. Fig. 9 As shown, the beam pair 930c, 940c with the best channel quality (eg, highest RSRP) does not provide full coverage for the targets 910a, 910b.

[0140] In sensing, the motivation is to monitor the environment of the target and monitor the characteristics (e.g., motion) of the target (e.g., monitoring the movement of the human target by monitoring the micro-Doppler information in the sensing signal reflected from the human target, which may indicate the breathing of the person). In order to select the best beam pair for sensing to obtain an accurate estimate of the characteristics of the target (e.g., targets 910a, 910b), first, the beam pair should fully cover the target area (e.g., the area surrounding the target). Second, in order to select the best beam pair for sensing, the RSRP of the beam should be sufficient to be able to extract the desired sensing characteristics of the target from the beam (e.g., a sufficiently high RSRP of the beam can accurately detect and monitor the desired breathing of the human target).

[0141] Typically, the best beam pair for sensing is the one with the best line-of-sight (LoS) propagation toward the target. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 , beam pair 940e, 930e and beam pair 940a, 930a have the best LoS propagation toward targets 910a, 910b, and therefore, beam pair 940e, 930e and 940a, 930a will likely be selected as the best beam pairs for sensing targets 910a, 910b, respectively. Fig.10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system 1000 for sensing using optimal beam pairs 930a, 940a and 930e, 940e in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0142] In one or more examples, the disclosed systems and techniques provide for determination of optimal antenna beam pairs for sensing purposes of a target. In general, the disclosed systems and techniques include (1) reporting bundled RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements of beams for sensing beam management, (2) phase continuity control of signals within the beams, and (3) beam measurement / determination rules based on the two measures of measured RSRP and Doppler. Figures 11 to 18 The description provides details of the disclosed systems and techniques.

[0143] Fig.11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system 1100 for sensing beam determination for target area coverage according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Fig.11 , system 1100 is shown to include a network device 1130 in the form of a UE. The network device 1130 (e.g., UE) can operate as a radar receiver (Rx) for sensing purposes. A network entity 1120 in the form of a base station (e.g., a gNB or a portion of a gNB, such as a CU, DU, RU, near-RT RIC, non-RT RIC, etc.) is also shown.

[0144] System 1100 may include, for example Fig.11 In addition, the system 1100 may include multiple network devices and / or multiple network entities as shown. Fig.11 Different types of network devices (e.g., base stations such as gNBs) and / or different types of network entities (e.g., network servers) are shown. In addition, in one or more examples, network device 1130 may be equipped with heterogeneous capabilities, which may include, but are not limited to, 4G / 5G cellular connectivity, GPS capabilities, camera capabilities, radar capabilities, and / or LIDAR capabilities. Network device 1130 may be capable of performing wireless communications with network entity 1120 and / or other network devices. In addition, network device 1130 may be configured to send and / or receive sensing signals (e.g., RF sensing signals) for radar to detect nearby targets. In one or more examples, network device 1130 may be configured to send and receive radar sensing signals.

[0145] As mentioned previously, typically, sensing involves monitoring moving targets with varying motions (e.g., moving cars or pedestrians, human body motions such as breathing, and / or other micro-motions associated with the target). Doppler, which measures phase changes in the signal and indicates motion, is an important characteristic for sensing targets, and therefore, Doppler should be considered when determining the best beam pair for sensing.

[0146] In one or more examples, during operations for determining an optimal beam pair for sensing, the network (e.g., network entity 1120) can configure sensing resources for radar Rx (e.g., network device 1130) to receive. Fig.11In the figure, it is represented as synchronization signal (SS) block 1110a (SS block 1), 1110b (SS block 2), 1110c (SS block 3), 1110d (SS block 4), 1110e (SS block 5). Each SS block 1110a, 1110b, 1110c, 1110d, 1110e may correspond to a sensing beam 1140a, 1140b, 1140c, 1140d, 1140e (e.g., Rx sensing beam) that can be received by the radar Rx (e.g., the network device 1130). Therefore, one sensing resource (e.g., SS block) corresponds to one sensing beam 1140a, 1140b, 1140c, 1140d, 1140e.

[0147] Regarding SS blocks, in a 5G NR downlink frame, SS blocks (e.g., SS blocks 1110a, 1110b, 1110c, 1110d, 1110e) may be sent toward a UE (e.g., network device 1130) at regular intervals based on a periodicity set (e.g., 5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, 160 ms). Multiple SS blocks may be carried in a single SS burst. Fig.11 As shown, a single SS block may span four OFDM symbols on the time axis and 240 subcarriers on the frequency axis. The SS block may carry a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) with DMRS. The SS blocks may be grouped together in the first five (5) milliseconds of an SS burst. In some aspects, the maximum number of SS blocks in a single burst (L) is frequency-dependent. In some cases, at frequencies above 6 GHz (e.g., in millimeter wave frequencies), there may be approximately 64 SS blocks per SS burst. Possible candidate SSB positions (L) within a SS burst set may be: for up to 3 gigahertz (GHz), L equals 4; from 3 GHz to 6 GHz, L equals 8; and from 6 GHz to 52.6 GHz, L equals 64.

[0148] In some cases, in order to determine the best beam pair for sensing, the network (e.g., network entity 1120) may configure radar Rx (e.g., network device 1130) to or enable radar Rx to measure RSRP and Doppler of the configured sensing resources (e.g., beams 1140a, 1140b, 1140c, 1140d, 1140e). For example, network entity 1120 may send resources to network device 1130 via beams 1140a, 1140b, 1140c, 1140d, and 1140e, so that network device 1130 may then measure RSRP and Doppler of resources provided via beams 1140a, 1140b, 1140c, 1140d, and 1140e. Network device 1130 may send configuration information to network device 1130, such as instructions for measuring RSRP and Doppler of resources, how to report measurements, etc. In some cases, such configuration information is preconfigured in the network device 1130, such as according to a standard (eg, a 3GPP standard). Additional details regarding configuration that enables the network device to perform Doppler estimation are described below.

[0149] After the network (e.g., network entity 1120) configures sensing resources for radar Rx (e.g., network device 1130) and enables radar Rx (e.g., network device 1130) to measure RSRP and Doppler of the configured sensing resources, radar Rx (e.g., network device 1130) can measure RSRP and Doppler based on the configured sensing resources (e.g., measure RSRP and Doppler of beams 1140a, 1140b, 1140c, 1140d, 1140e). Therefore, RSRP and Doppler are considered for beam measurement.

[0150] Subsequently, after the radar Rx (e.g., network device 1130) measures RSRP and Doppler based on the configured sensing resources, the radar Rx (e.g., network device 1130) may bundle the RSRP measurement and the Doppler measurement together, may generate a measurement report including the bundled RSRP measurement and Doppler measurement, and may send the measurement report to the network (e.g., network entity 1120).

[0151] In one or more examples, for the disclosed systems and techniques, different resources may be employed for the configured sensing resources for beam management. For the first option, the configured dedicated sensing resources RS with phase continuity may be employed for the configured sensing resources for beam management. The Doppler resolution depends on the time length of the resource. A short time sensing window may not be able to provide a high resolution estimate of Doppler. Therefore, the dedicated sensing resources may be configured to enable a long time sensing window to be used for Doppler estimation.

[0152] For example, multiple RS symbols may be configured across multiple time slots for one beam estimation of Doppler within a long sensing window. However, such a long sensing window (e.g., across multiple time slots) may cause latency when obtaining measurements for all beams. However, code division multiplexing (CDM) or other multiplexing methods may be used to simultaneously implement multi-beam management to reduce latency.

[0153] Fig.12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a time slot configuration 1200 in which multiple beams may be measured simultaneously for Doppler (and for RSRP) (within a long sensing window) to reduce latency in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. Fig.12 Configuration 1200 provides a sufficiently long sensing window for the beams to obtain high resolution of Doppler measurements of the beams, while allowing simultaneous measurements of the beams to reduce the latency caused by the long sensing window.

[0154] In particular, Fig.12 Dedicated sensing resources 1220a, 1220b, 1220c (e.g., RS sensing resources) that can be used for beam management are shown. One RS sensing resource 1220a, 1220b, 1220c corresponds to one beam pair between radar Tx and radar Rx. The dedicated sensing resources 1220a, 1220b, 1220c span three time slots 1210a, 1210b, 1210c to provide a long sensing window for the beam. Therefore, each RS sensing resource 1220a, 1220b, 1220c includes multiple symbols across three time slots 1210a, 1210b, 1210c.

[0155] The three RS sensing resources 1220a, 1220b, 1220c are multiplexed together in the frequency domain (eg, along the vertical axis) in each of the three time slots 1210a, 1210b, 1210c to allow for simultaneous measurement of beams. Fig.12 Configuration 1200 can measure multiple beams simultaneously for Doppler (and RSRP) (within a long sensing window) to reduce the latency caused by the long sensing window.

[0156] For the disclosed systems and techniques, for the second option, current legacy resources (such as RS resources including single sideband (SSB) signals or channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS)) may be reused for the configured sensing resources for beam management. When reusing legacy resources, Doppler estimation may need to be enabled in the resource configuration because only RSRP may be enabled based on the legacy resources. For example, for radar Rx, it may be possible (e.g., by a network such as Fig.11 The network entity 1120) adds a message to enable Doppler estimation in the configuration.

[0157] Legacy resources can be used directly for RSRP measurements. However, for Doppler measurements, there should be specific constraints on the phase continuity of legacy resources. Additional signaling can be used to configure the phase continuity of legacy resources.

[0158] In Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC), phase continuity is challenging because there are often phase jumps in the signal. Any change in channel such as Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) to Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), and / or any Power Amplifier (PA) and / or Downlink-Uplink (DL-UL) switching can cause unknown phase jumps.

[0159] In one or more examples, the disclosed systems and techniques provide two phase control methods (e.g., option one and option two) for ensuring phase continuity in configured sensing resources. The first phase control method (e.g., option one) is Fig.13 Example in. Fig.13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a phase control method 1300 (eg, a first phase control method) for ensuring phase continuity of sensing opportunities 1310a, 1310b of configured sensing resources according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0160] For this first phase control method (e.g., option one), the gap 1330 between the nth opportunity 1310a (e.g., sensing opportunity) of the configured sensing resource and the subsequent n+1th opportunity 1310b (e.g., sensing opportunity) should be equal to an integer multiple of multiple wavelengths of the Tx waveform. On the Tx side, the phase (Φ) at the end 1320 of the nth opportunity 1310a is stored by the radar Tx. After the phase (Φ) is stored by the radar Tx, the stored phase (Φ) is restored by the radar Tx at the beginning 1340 of the n+1th opportunity 1310b. If the gap 1330 is constructed to be equal to an integer multiple of multiple wavelengths of the Tx waveform, the phase at the beginning 1340 of the n+1th opportunity 1310b should be the same as the phase at the end 1320 of the nth opportunity 1310. It should be noted that other resources (e.g., communication resources) may be transmitted during the duration of the gap 1330.

[0161] The second phase control method (eg, option 2) is Fig.14 Example in. Fig.141 is a diagram illustrating another example of a phase control method 1400 (e.g., a second control phase method) for ensuring phase continuity of sensing opportunities 1410a, 1410b, 1410c of configured sensing resources according to some aspects of the present disclosure. For the second phase control method (e.g., option two), one sensing opportunity cycle of the configured sensing resources maintains an integer multiple of multiple wavelengths of the Tx waveform. For the second phase control method (e.g., option two), a constant phase (Φ) is set at the beginning 1420, 1430, 1440 of all sensing opportunities 1410a, 1410b, 1410c of the configured sensing resources.

[0162] For example, on the Tx side, the constant phase (Φ) is set by the radar Tx at the beginning 1420 of the nth opportunity 1410a of the configured sensing resource. After the constant phase (Φ) is set by the radar Tx at the beginning 1420 of the nth opportunity 1410a of the configured sensing resource, the constant phase (Φ) is set by the radar Tx at the beginning 1430 of the n+1th opportunity 1410b of the configured sensing resource. It should be noted that when the first control phase method or the second control phase method is adopted, the occurrence of any phase jump in the gap between the opportunities of the configured sensing resources will not affect the phase continuity in the configured sensing resources because the constant phase (Φ) is manually set at the beginning of each opportunity.

[0163] Fig.15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system 1500 for selecting an optimal beam pair 1540, 1550b for sensing a target in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. Fig.15 In the example, three RSs sense resources (e.g., Fig.12 Each RS sensing resource in the sensing resources 1220a, 1220b, 1220c) corresponds to one of the three antenna beam pairs of antenna beam pair 1540, 1550a, antenna beam pair 1540, 1550b, and antenna beam pair 1540, 1550c between the radar Tx 1520 (e.g., gNB) and the radar Rx 1530 (e.g., UE). The Tx beam 1540 is repeatedly reused (e.g., the Tx beam 1540 is repeatedly turned on) in conjunction with each of the three Rx beams 1550a, 1550b, 1550c to form three antenna beam pairs 1540, 1550a, 1540, 1550b, and 1540, 1550c between the radar Tx 1520 (e.g., gNB) and the radar Rx 1530 (e.g., UE).

[0164] like Fig.12 As shown, corresponding to Fig.15The three RS sensing resources 1220a, 1220b, 1220c of the three antenna beam pairs are multiplexed together in the frequency domain of each of the three time slots 1210a, 1210b, 1210c (e.g., along the vertical axis) to allow simultaneous measurement of Rx beams 1550a, 1550b, 1550c. The RS sensing resources 1220a, 1220b, 1220c each span the three time slots 1210a, 1210b, 1210c to provide a long sensing window for Rx beams 1550a, 1550b, 1550c. Each of the RS sensing resources 1220a, 1220b, 1220c maintains phase continuity across its different sensing opportunities. Legacy resources (e.g., CSI-RS) or dedicated RS sensing resources may be used for each RS sensing resource 1220a, 1220b, 1220c.

[0165] During operation, the radar Rx 1530 (e.g., UE) may measure the Doppler and RSRP in each of the three RS sensing resources 1220a, 1220b, 1220c corresponding to the Rx beams 1550a, 1550b, 1550c. After the radar Rx 1530 (e.g., UE) has measured the Doppler and RSRP in the RS sensing resources 1220a, 1220b, 1220c, the radar Rx 1530 (e.g., UE) may bundle the Doppler and RSRP together to form a measurement report, and may transmit the measurement report to the network (e.g., a network entity such as the base station 1520). Based on the measurements of the Rx beams 1550a, 1550b, 1550c, the network may determine which Rx beam 1550a, 1550b, 1550c may cover the target (e.g., determine the best Rx beam for target coverage).

[0166] Fig.16A is a graph 1600 illustrating an example of phase continuity of sensing opportunities. Fig. 16B is a graph 1620 illustrating an example of phase discontinuity of sensing opportunities. Fig.16A and Fig. 16B In each of the graphs 1610, 1620, the x-axis represents time (t), and the y-axis represents amplitude (A). Fig.16A In the graph 1610 of , two sensing opportunities are shown, where there is phase continuity maintained for the two sensing opportunities. Fig. 16B In the graph 1620 of , two sensing opportunities are also shown, but a phase jump occurs between the two sensing opportunities, and therefore, phase continuity is not maintained (eg, phase discontinuity is shown).

[0167] In one or more examples, when there is phase discontinuity at a sensing opportunity of an RS sensing resource, the radar Tx or the network (e.g., a sensing server) may indicate the phase discontinuity state of the sensing opportunity to the radar Rx. For example, if the nth sensing opportunity exhibits phase discontinuity, the radar Tx or the network should indicate the phase discontinuity state of the nth sensing opportunity to the radar Rx. After receiving the state of the phase discontinuity of the nth sensing opportunity, the radar Rx may remove or ignore the Doppler measurement made during the nth sensing opportunity because the phase discontinuity at the opportunity may result in a degraded Doppler estimate.

[0168] In one or more examples, the radar Rx (e.g., UE) may obtain measurements of Doppler and RSRP of a beam (e.g., Rx beam) and report these measurements to the network (e.g., base station). The report may be in two different formats (e.g., a first format and a second format). For the first format of the report performed by the radar Rx (e.g., UE), based on a predefined rule, the radar RX (e.g., UE) may report the resource index of the RS sensing resource (or beam) to be used for sensing. In one or more examples, the report may include only the resource index of the RS sensing resource (or beam), or may include both the resource index and the corresponding measurement for the RS sensing resource (or beam).

[0169] For the second format of reporting by Radar Rx (e.g., UE), Radar Rx (e.g., UE) does not determine which RS sensing resource to use for sensing. Radar Rx (e.g., UE) only reports all measurements of the configured RS sensing resources back to the network (e.g., gNB). In order to reduce the transmission cost associated with reporting all measurements as required by the second format of reporting, the first format of reporting by Radar Rx (e.g., UE) is usually the default option used for reporting.

[0170] In one or more examples, the network (e.g., gNB) may define reporting rules and configure the reporting rules to the radar Rx (e.g., UE). Based on these defined rules, the radar Rx (e.g., UE) will report measurements to the network. There are several different options (e.g., options 1, 2, 3, and 4) for reporting rules that can be followed to determine which RS sensing resources the radar Rx should report to the network. For the first option of the reporting rules, the radar Rx (e.g., UE) may only report the RS sensing resources with the largest Doppler value.

[0171] For the second option of rules for reporting, the network (e.g., gNB) may configure thresholds (e.g., T RSRP and T doppler), and only RS sensing resources with measurements exceeding both the RSRP threshold and the Doppler threshold may be reported to the network by the radar Rx. The second option includes two alternatives. The first alternative is that based on exceeding the threshold, one or more resource indexes may be reported to the network. The second alternative is that no RS sensing resources are reported to the network, indicating that none of the measurements for the RS sensing resources exceeds both the RSRP threshold and the Doppler threshold.

[0172] For the third option of the rule for reporting, the network (e.g., gNB) may configure a Doppler threshold, and among all RS sensing resources having a measurement exceeding the Doppler threshold, the RS sensing resource having the maximum RSRP measurement may be reported to the network by Radar Rx. For the fourth option of the rule for reporting, a combination of any one of the first option, the second option, and the third option of the rule for reporting may be adopted for reporting.

[0173] In one or more examples, the RSRP value of a beam (e.g., an Rx beam) may roughly reflect the range of information within the target reflection. For example, in sensing, a beam (e.g., an Rx beam) that reflects off a target close to the radar Rx positioning will typically have a large RSRP value. A very small RSRP value for the reflected beam may mean that the target is outside the sensing region of interest. Therefore, the RSRP threshold may be selected to remove (or ignore) distant interference outside the sensing region of interest. Therefore, a reflected beam with a small RSRP value is typically worthless for sensing purposes.

[0174] Fig.17 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system 1700 implementing measurement reporting rules for sensing beam management according to some aspects of the present disclosure. The system 1700 includes two network devices 1720a, 1720b in the form of UEs. In particular, the network device 1720b may operate as a radar Tx, and the network device 1720a may operate as a radar Rx. In addition, Fig.17 In FIG. 1 , several targets 1710a, 1710b, and 1710c in the form of people are shown. Specifically, targets 1710a and 1710c are running men, while target 1710b is a walking person. In addition, in Fig.17 In the figure, multiple Tx beams 1740a (RS-1), 1740b (RS-2), 1740c (RS-3), 1740d (RS-4), 1740e (RS-5) and multiple Rx beams 1730a (RS-1), 1730b (RS-2), 1730c (RS-3), 1730d (RS-4), 1730e (RS-5) are shown.

[0175] In some cases, the measurement reporting rules for sensing beam management are based on a combination of option one (e.g., radar Rx may report only the RS sensing resources with the largest Doppler values) and option two (e.g., the network may configure thresholds for RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements, and only RS sensing resources with measurements exceeding both the RSRP threshold and the Doppler threshold may be reported by radar Rx to the network) described above.

[0176] For example, UE 1720a, UE 1720b, or a network entity (e.g., a base station such as a gNB or a portion thereof, a radar server, etc.) may define the two thresholds, such as an RSRP threshold (T RSRP ) and Doppler threshold (T doppler ). When both of these thresholds are exceeded, the RS sensing resource with the largest RSRP may be reported to the network entity by UE 1720a or UE 1720b. Fig.17 In FIG. 1710 , there are five RS sensing resources RS-1, RS-2, RS-3, RS-4, and RS-5. RS sensing resource RS-1 has the lowest RSRP value among all RS sensing resources, and the RSRP value of RS sensing resource RS-1 is less than the RSRP threshold. Although target 1710 c corresponding to RS sensing resource RS-1 is running and exhibits a high Doppler value, RS sensing resource RS-1 is not reported to the network entity because it does not exceed the RSRP threshold. Since the RSRP value is low, target 1710 c may actually be an interference located outside the sensing area of ​​interest.

[0177] RS sensing resource RS-3 has the largest RSRP value, which may be due to the fact that the RS sensing resource RS-3 has LoS propagation between radar Tx1720b and radar Rx 1720a. However, the Doppler measured for RS sensing resource RS-3 is equal to zero, which is less than the Doppler threshold. Therefore, RS sensing resource RS-3 is not reported.

[0178] RS sensing resources RS-2, RS-4 and RS-5 all have measurements exceeding both RSRP threshold and Doppler threshold. Therefore, these three RS sensing resources RS-2, RS-4 and RS-5 are candidates to be reported to the network entity. RS sensing resource RS-2 has a low Doppler value because the beam corresponds to target 1710b, which is in the form of a walking person (e.g., slow motion). RS sensing resources RS-4 and RS-5 both provide coverage of the same target 1710a in the form of a running person (e.g., fast motion), which will provide high Doppler values ​​for RS sensing resource RS-4 and RS sensing resource RS-5. However, RS sensing resource RS-4 has a radial velocity and a large Doppler value greater than RS sensing resource RS-5. Therefore, RS sensing resource RS-4 can be reported to the network entity. In one or more examples, when RS sensing resource RS-4 is reported to the network entity, both the resource index and measurement (e.g., RSRP and Doppler measurement) of RS sensing resource RS-4 can be reported. Therefore, RS sensing resource RS-4 can be used for sensing purposes.

[0179] Fig.18 1800 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process 1800 for wireless communication for performing sensing beam determination for target area coverage. Process 1800 may be performed by a network entity (e.g., a base station (e.g., a gNB), a network server, a sensing server, etc.) or by a component or system (e.g., a chipset) of a network entity. In some cases, process 1800 may be performed by a UE, such as when performing sidelink communications with another UE or other type of computing device. The operations of process 1800 may be implemented as a processor (e.g., Fig. 20 The software components executed and run on the processor 2010 or other processors of the wireless communication device. In addition, the wireless communication device can be enabled to send and receive signals in the process 1800, for example, through one or more antennas and / or one or more transceivers (e.g., wireless transceivers).

[0180] At block 1810, a network entity (or a component thereof) may receive reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and Doppler measurements for a plurality of sensing beam pairs from a network device. In some examples, to receive RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements for a plurality of sensing beam pairs, the network entity (or a component thereof) may receive a measurement report bundling RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements for the plurality of sensing beam pairs.

[0181] In some cases, to receive RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements for a plurality of sensing beam pairs, a network entity (or a component thereof) may receive a measurement report including a resource index for at least one sensing beam pair from the plurality of sensing beam pairs.

[0182] In some aspects, in order to receive RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements of multiple sensing beam pairs, a network entity (or a component thereof) may receive a measurement report including RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements of at least the sensing beam pair based on the sensing beam pair having the maximum Doppler value from the multiple sensing beam pairs.

[0183] In some examples, in order to receive RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements for multiple sensing beam pairs, a network entity (or a component thereof) may receive a measurement report including RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements of at least the sensing beam pair based on the sensing beam pair having an RSRP value exceeding an RSRP threshold and a Doppler value exceeding a Doppler threshold.

[0184] In some cases, in order to receive RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements for multiple sensing beam pairs, a network entity (or a component thereof) may receive a measurement report including RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements of at least the sensing beam pair based on the sensing beam pair having an RSRP value exceeding an RSRP threshold, a Doppler value exceeding a Doppler threshold, and a maximum Doppler value from the multiple sensing beam pairs.

[0185] In some aspects, a network entity (or a component thereof) may configure a sensing window for obtaining RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements by scheduling symbols of each respective sensing resource corresponding to each respective sensing beam pair from a plurality of sensing beam pairs across a plurality of time slots.

[0186] In some examples, a network entity (or a component thereof) may frequency multiplex at least one sensing resource from a first sensing beam pair among a plurality of sensing beam pairs with at least one other sensing resource from a second sensing beam pair among the plurality of sensing beam pairs in each of a plurality of time slots.

[0187] In some cases, the network entity (or a component thereof) may set a phase of the start of a first sensing opportunity from the plurality of sensing opportunities to be equal to a phase of the end of a second sensing opportunity from the plurality of sensing opportunities. For example, the second sensing opportunity may occur before the first sensing opportunity. In some aspects, the network entity (or a component thereof) may set the respective phases of the start of each respective sensing opportunity from the plurality of sensing opportunities to be equal to each other.

[0188] At block 1820, the network entity (or a component thereof) may determine a sensing beam pair from a plurality of sensing beam pairs for sensing a target based on at least a portion of the RSRP measurement and the Doppler measurement. In some cases, the target is one of a person, a vehicle, an object, or other target.

[0189] Fig.191 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process 1900 for wireless communication for performing sensing beam determination for target area coverage. The process 1900 may be performed by a network device such as a UE (e.g., a smart phone, a smart watch, virtual reality glasses, or a vehicle) or a network entity (e.g., a base station (e.g., a gNB), a network server, etc.), or by a component or system (e.g., a chipset) of a network device. The operations of the process 1900 may be implemented as a processor on one or more processors (e.g., Fig. 20 The software components executed and run on the processor 2010 or other processors of the wireless communication device. In addition, the wireless communication device can be enabled to send and receive signals in the process 1900, for example, through one or more antennas and / or one or more transceivers (e.g., wireless transceivers).

[0190] At block 1910, a network device (or a component thereof) may determine reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and Doppler measurements for a plurality of sensing beam pairs. At block 1920, the network device (or a component thereof) may send at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements to a network entity. In some cases, the network entity is one of a base station, a network server, a user equipment (UE), or a sensing server.

[0191] In some aspects, to send at least a portion of RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements for multiple sensing beam pairs, a network device (or a component thereof) may send a measurement report bundling at least the portion of the RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements.

[0192] In some aspects, to send at least the portion of RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements for multiple sensing beam pairs, a network device (or a component thereof) may send a measurement report including a resource index for at least the sensing beam pair from the multiple sensing beam pairs.

[0193] In some aspects, in order to send at least a portion of RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements of multiple sensing beam pairs, a network device (or a component thereof) may send a measurement report including RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements of at least the sensing beam pair based on the sensing beam pair having the maximum Doppler value from the multiple sensing beam pairs.

[0194] In some aspects, in order to send at least the portion of RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements of multiple sensing beam pairs, the network device (or its components) may send a measurement report including the RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements of at least the sensing beam pair based on the sensing beam pair having an RSRP value exceeding an RSRP threshold and a Doppler value exceeding a Doppler threshold.

[0195] In some aspects, in order to send at least the portion of RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements of multiple sensing beam pairs, the network device (or its components) may send a measurement report including the RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements of at least the sensing beam pairs based on the sensing beam pairs from the multiple sensing beam pairs having RSRP values ​​exceeding an RSRP threshold, Doppler values ​​exceeding a Doppler threshold, and a maximum Doppler value.

[0196] In some aspects, a network device (or a component thereof) may receive an indication of a sensing window configured for obtaining RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements. In some cases, symbols of each respective sensing resource corresponding to each respective sensing beam pair from a plurality of sensing beam pairs are scheduled across a plurality of time slots.

[0197] In some examples, at least one sensing resource from a first sensing beam pair of the plurality of sensing beam pairs is frequency multiplexed with at least one other sensing resource from a second sensing beam pair of the plurality of sensing beam pairs in each of the plurality of time slots.

[0198] In some cases, the phase of the start of a first sensing opportunity from the plurality of sensing opportunities is set equal to the phase of the end of a second sensing opportunity in the plurality of sensing opportunities, the second sensing opportunity occurring before the first sensing opportunity. In some examples, the respective phases of the start of each respective sensing opportunity from the plurality of sensing opportunities are set equal to each other.

[0199] At block 1930, the network device (or a component thereof) may receive an indication of a sensing beam pair from the plurality of sensing beam pairs from a network entity based on at least the portion of the RSRP measurement and the Doppler measurement. In some aspects, the network device (or a component thereof) may sense a target based on the sensing beam pair. In some examples, the target is one of a person, a vehicle, an object, or other target.

[0200] Fig. 20 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system 2000 that may be employed by the disclosed systems and techniques for determining sensing beams for target area coverage in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. Specifically, Fig. 20 An example of a computing system 2000 is illustrated, which may be any computing device, for example, constituting an internal computing system, a remote computing system, a camera, or any components thereof, wherein the components of the system communicate with each other using a connection 2005. The connection 2005 may be a physical connection using a bus, or a direct connection into the processor 2010, such as in a chipset architecture. The connection 2005 may also be a virtual connection, a networked connection, or a logical connection.

[0201] In some aspects, computing system 2000 is a distributed system in which the functionality described in the present disclosure may be distributed within a data center, multiple data centers, a peer-to-peer network, etc. In some aspects, one or more of the described system components represent a number of such components that each perform some or all of the functionality that the component is described for. In some aspects, each component may be a physical or virtual device.

[0202] The example system 2000 includes at least one processing unit (CPU or processor) 2010 and connections 2005 that communicatively couple various system components including system memory 2015, such as read-only memory (ROM) 2020 and random access memory (RAM) 2025, to the processor 2010. The computing system 2000 may include a cache 2012 of high-speed memory directly connected to the processor 2010, in close proximity to the processor, or integrated as part of the processor.

[0203] Processor 2010 may include any general purpose processor and hardware or software services, such as services 2032, 2034, and 2036 stored in storage device 2030, that are configured to control processor 2010 as well as a dedicated processor where software instructions are incorporated into the actual processor design. Processor 2010 may essentially be a completely independent computing system containing multiple cores or processors, buses, memory controllers, caches, etc. Multi-core processors may be symmetric or asymmetric.

[0204] To enable user interaction, the computing system 2000 includes an input device 2045 that can represent any number of input mechanisms, such as a microphone for voice, a touch-sensitive screen for gesture or graphical input, a keyboard, a mouse, motion input, voice, etc. The computing system 2000 may also include an output device 2035, which may be one or more of a plurality of output mechanisms. In some cases, a multimodal system may enable a user to provide multiple types of input / output to communicate with the computing system 2000.

[0205] The computing system 2000 may include a communication interface 2040, which may generally govern and manage user input and system output. The communication interface may perform or facilitate receiving and / or sending wired or wireless communications using wired and / or wireless transceivers, including using audio jacks / plugs, microphone jacks / plugs, Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports / plugs, Apple TM Lightning TM Ports / plugs, Ethernet ports / plugs, Fiber optic ports / plugs, Dedicated wired ports / plugs, 3G, 4G, 5G and / or other cellular data network wireless signal delivery, Bluetooth TM Wireless signal transmission, Bluetooth TMLow energy (BLE) wireless signal transmission, IBEACON TM Wireless signal transmission, radio frequency identification (RFID) wireless signal transmission, near field communication (NFC) wireless signal transmission, dedicated short range communication (DSRC) wireless signal transmission, 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless signal transmission, wireless local area network (WLAN) signal transmission, visible light communication (VLC), World Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), infrared (IR) communication wireless signal transmission, public switched telephone network (PSTN) signal transmission, integrated services digital network (ISDN) signal transmission, ad hoc network signal transmission, radio wave signal transmission, microwave signal transmission, infrared signal transmission, visible light signal transmission, ultraviolet light signal transmission, wireless signal transmission along the electromagnetic spectrum, or some combination thereof.

[0206] The communication interface 2040 may also include one or more range finding sensors (e.g., LIDAR sensors, laser range finders, RF radars, ultrasonic sensors, and infrared (IR) sensors) configured to collect data and provide measurements to the processor 2010, whereby the processor 2010 may be configured to perform determinations and calculations required to obtain various measurements of the one or more range finding sensors. In some examples, the measurements may include flight time, wavelength, azimuth, elevation, distance, linear velocity, and / or angular velocity, or any combination thereof. The communication interface 2040 may also include one or more global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers or transceivers for determining the location of the computing system 2000 based on receiving one or more signals from one or more satellites associated with one or more GNSS systems. GNSS systems include, but are not limited to, the United States' GPS, Russia's Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), China's BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and Europe's Galileo GNSS. There is no restriction to operating on any particular hardware arrangement, and thus the underlying features herein may be easily substituted for improved hardware or firmware arrangements as they are developed.

[0207] The storage device 2030 may be a non-volatile and / or non-transitory and / or computer-readable memory device, and may be a hard disk or other type of computer-readable medium that can store data accessible by a computer, such as a magnetic tape cartridge, a flash memory card, a solid-state memory device, a digital versatile disk, a cassette, a floppy disk, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape, a magnetic stripe / magnetic stripe, any other magnetic storage medium, a flash memory, a memristor memory, any other solid-state memory, a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) disc, a rewritable compact disc (CD) disc, a digital video disc (DVD) disc, a Blu-ray disc (BDD) disc, a holographic disc, another optical medium, a secure digital (SD) card, a micro secure digital (microSD) card, a Memory Card ... card, a smart card chip, an EMV chip, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a mini / micro / nano / pico SIM card, another integrated circuit (IC) chip / card, a random access memory (RAM), a static RAM (SRAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a flash EPROM (FLASH EPROM), a cache memory (e.g., a level 1 (L1) cache, a level 2 (L2) cache, a level 3 (L3) cache, a level 4 (L4) cache, a level 5 (L5) cache, or other (L#) cache), a resistive random access memory (RRAM / ReRAM), a phase change memory (PCM), a spin transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM), another memory chip or box, and / or a combination thereof.

[0208] Storage device 2030 may include software services, servers, services, etc., which, when the code defining such software is executed by processor 2010, causes the system to perform functions. In some aspects, hardware services that perform specific functions may include software components for performing functions stored in a computer-readable medium connected to necessary hardware components such as processor 2010, connector 2005, output device 2035, etc. The term "computer-readable medium" includes, but is not limited to, portable or non-portable storage devices, optical storage devices, and various other media capable of storing, containing or carrying instructions and / or data. Computer-readable media may include non-transitory media in which data may be stored and does not include carrier waves and / or transient electronic signals that propagate wirelessly or over a wired connection. Examples of non-transitory media may include, but are not limited to, disks or tapes, optical storage media (such as compact disks (CDs) or digital versatile disks (DVDs)), flash memory, memory, or memory devices. A computer-readable medium may store thereon code and / or machine-executable instructions, which may represent a procedure, function, subprogram, program, routine, subroutine, module, software package, category, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and / or receiving information, data, independent variables, parameters, or memory contents. Information, independent variables, parameters, data, etc. may be passed, forwarded, or sent via any suitable means, including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network sending, etc.

[0209] Specific details are provided in the above description to provide a thorough understanding of the various aspects and examples provided herein, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the application is not limited thereto. Thus, although the exemplary aspects of the present application have been described in detail herein, it should be understood that each inventive concept can be embodied and adopted in various other ways, and the appended claims are not intended to be interpreted as including these variations, unless limited by the prior art. The various features and aspects of the above-mentioned applications can be used individually or in combination. In addition, without departing from the broader scope of this specification, the various aspects can be used in any number of environments and applications beyond the environment and application described herein. Therefore, the description and the accompanying drawings should be considered as illustrative rather than restrictive. For the purpose of illustration, each method is described in a specific order. It should be understood that, in alternative aspects, each method can be performed in a different order than described.

[0210] For clarity of explanation, in some instances, the present technology may be presented as including separate functional blocks, which include devices, device components, steps or routines in the method embodied in software or a combination of hardware and software. Additional components other than those components shown in the drawings and / or described herein may be used. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form to avoid confusing these aspects in unnecessary details. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures and techniques may be shown without unnecessary details to avoid confusing various aspects.

[0211] In addition, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, circuits and algorithmic steps described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various exemplary components, frames, modules, circuits and steps have been generally described in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints proposed to the entire system. Those skilled in the art can implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such specific implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0212] Various aspects may be described above as a process or method, which is depicted as a flow chart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flow chart may describe an operation as a sequential process, many of the operations in the operation may be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be rearranged. The process is terminated when the operations of the process are completed, but the process may have additional steps not included in the accompanying drawings. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, the termination of the process may correspond to the function returning to the calling function or the main function.

[0213] The processes and methods according to the above examples can be implemented using stored computer executable instructions or otherwise obtained from computer readable media. These instructions may include, for example, instructions and data that configure a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or a processing device to perform a certain function or function group. Parts of the computer resources used can be accessed through a network. Computer executable instructions can be, for example, binary, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, firmware, source code. Examples of computer readable media that can be used to store instructions, information used, and / or information created during the method according to the described examples include disks or optical disks, flash memories, USB devices with non-volatile memory, networked storage devices, etc.

[0214] In some aspects, computer readable storage devices, media, and memories may include wired or wireless signals containing bit streams, etc. However, when referred to, non-transitory computer readable storage media expressly excludes media such as power consumption, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and signals themselves.

[0215] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof in some cases, depending in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc.

[0216] The various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or executed using hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any combination thereof, and may be implemented in any of a variety of form factors. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, or microcode, program code or code segments (e.g., computer program products) for performing the necessary tasks may be stored in a computer-readable or machine-readable medium. The processor may perform the necessary tasks. Examples of form factors include: laptops, smartphones, mobile phones, tablet devices, or other small form factor personal computers, personal digital assistants, rack-mounted devices, stand-alone devices, etc. The functionality described herein may also be embodied in peripheral devices or add-in cards. By way of additional examples, such functionality may also be implemented on circuit boards in different chips or different processes executed on a single device.

[0217] Instructions, media for conveying such instructions, computing resources for executing them, and other structures for supporting such computing resources are example means for providing the functionality described in this disclosure.

[0218] The technology described herein may also be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof. Such technology may be implemented in any of a variety of devices, such as general-purpose computers, wireless communication device mobile phones, or integrated circuit devices with multiple uses, including applications in wireless communication device mobile phones and other devices. Any features described as modules or components may be implemented together in an integrated logic device or separately as discrete but interoperable logic devices. If implemented in software, the technology may be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable data storage medium including a program code, which includes instructions for executing one or more of the above-mentioned methods, algorithms, and / or operations when executed. A computer-readable data storage medium may form a part of a computer program product, which may include packaging materials. A computer-readable medium may include a memory or data storage medium, such as a random access memory (RAM) (such as a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM)), a read-only memory (ROM), a non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a flash memory, a magnetic or optical data storage medium, and the like. Additionally or alternatively, the technology may be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer, such as a propagated signal or wave.

[0219] The program code may be executed by a processor, which may include one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), general-purpose microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuits. Such processors may be configured to perform any of the techniques described in the present disclosure. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor; however, in an alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Therefore, the term "processor" as used herein may refer to any of the foregoing structures, any combination of the foregoing structures, or any other structure or device suitable for implementing the techniques described herein.

[0220] It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the less than ("<") and greater than (">") symbols or terms used herein may be replaced by less than or equal to ("≤") and greater than or equal to ("≥") symbols, respectively, without departing from the scope of the present specification.

[0221] Where a component is described as being “configured to” perform certain operations, such configuration may be achieved, for example, by designing electronic circuits or other hardware to perform the operations, by programming programmable electronic circuits (e.g., a microprocessor or other suitable electronic circuits) to perform the operations, or any combination thereof.

[0222] The phrases “coupled to” or “communicatively coupled to” refer to any component being physically connected directly or indirectly to another component, and / or any component being in communication with another component directly or indirectly (e.g., connected to the other component via a wired or wireless connection and / or other suitable communication interface).

[0223] Claim language or other language stating "at least one of" a set and / or "one or more of" a set indicates that one member of the set or multiple members of the set (in any combination) satisfies the claim. For example, claim language stating "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" means A, B, or A and B. In another example, claim language stating "at least one of A, B, and C" or "at least one of A, B, or C" means A, B, C, or A and B, or A and C, or B and C, or A and B and C. The language "at least one of" a set and / or "one or more of" a set does not limit the set to the items listed in the set. For example, claim language stating "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" may mean A, B, or A and B, and may additionally include items not listed in the set of A and B.

[0224] Illustrative aspects of the present disclosure include:

[0225] Aspect 1. A method for performing wireless communications at a network entity, the method comprising: receiving reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and Doppler measurements of multiple sensing beam pairs from a network device; and determining a sensing beam pair for sensing a target from the multiple sensing beam pairs based on at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements.

[0226] Aspect 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the network entity is one of a base station, a network server, or a sensor server.

[0227] Aspect 3. The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the target is one of a person, a vehicle or an object.

[0228] Aspect 4. The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein receiving the RSRP measurement and the Doppler measurement of the multiple sensing beam pairs comprises: receiving a measurement report bundling the RSRP measurement and the Doppler measurement of the multiple sensing beam pairs.

[0229] Aspect 5. A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein receiving the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the multiple sensing beam pairs includes: receiving a measurement report including a resource index of at least the sensing beam pairs from the multiple sensing beam pairs.

[0230] Aspect 6. A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein receiving the RSRP measurement and the Doppler measurement of the multiple sensing beam pairs includes: receiving a measurement report including at least the RSRP measurement and the Doppler measurement of the sensing beam pair based on the sensing beam pair having the maximum Doppler value from the multiple sensing beam pairs.

[0231] Aspect 7. A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein receiving the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the multiple sensing beam pairs includes: receiving a measurement report including the RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements of at least the sensing beam pairs based on the sensing beam pairs having RSRP values ​​exceeding an RSRP threshold and Doppler values ​​exceeding a Doppler threshold.

[0232] Aspect 8. A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein receiving the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the multiple sensing beam pairs includes: receiving a measurement report including the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of at least the sensing beam pairs based on the sensing beam pairs from the multiple sensing beam pairs having RSRP values ​​exceeding an RSRP threshold, Doppler values ​​exceeding a Doppler threshold, and a maximum Doppler value.

[0233] Aspect 9. The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8 further includes: configuring a sensing window for obtaining the RSRP measurement and the Doppler measurement by scheduling symbols of each corresponding sensing resource corresponding to each corresponding sensing beam pair from the multiple sensing beam pairs across multiple time slots.

[0234] Aspect 10. The method according to Aspect 9 also includes: frequency multiplexing at least one sensing resource from a first sensing beam pair among the multiple sensing beam pairs with at least one other sensing resource from a second sensing beam pair among the multiple sensing beam pairs in each time slot among the multiple time slots.

[0235] Aspect 11. The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10 further includes: setting the phase of the start of a first sensing opportunity from a plurality of sensing opportunities to be equal to the phase of the end of a second sensing opportunity among the plurality of sensing opportunities, the second sensing opportunity occurring before the first sensing opportunity.

[0236] Aspect 12. The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, further comprising: setting respective phases of the start of each respective sensing opportunity from a plurality of sensing opportunities to be equal to each other.

[0237] Aspect 13. A method for performing wireless communications at a network device, the method comprising: determining reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and Doppler measurements for multiple sensing beam pairs; sending the RSRP measurements and at least a portion of the Doppler measurements to a network entity; and receiving an indication of a sensing beam pair from the multiple sensing beam pairs from the network entity based on the RSRP measurements and at least the portion of the Doppler measurements.

[0238] Aspect 14. The method according to aspect 13, wherein the network device is a user equipment (UE) or a base station.

[0239] Aspect 15. The method according to any one of aspects 13 to 14, wherein the network entity is one of a base station, a network server, a user equipment (UE), or a sensing server.

[0240] Aspect 16. The method according to any one of aspects 13 to 15 further includes: sensing a target based on the sensing beam pair.

[0241] Aspect 17. The method according to aspect 16, wherein the target is one of a person, a vehicle or an object.

[0242] Aspect 18. A method according to any one of Aspects 13 to 17, wherein sending at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the multiple sensing beam pairs includes: sending a measurement report bundling the RSRP measurements and at least a portion of the Doppler measurements.

[0243] Aspect 19. A method according to any one of Aspects 13 to 18, wherein sending at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the multiple sensing beam pairs includes: sending a measurement report including a resource index of at least the sensing beam pairs from the multiple sensing beam pairs.

[0244] Aspect 20. A method according to any one of Aspects 13 to 19, wherein sending at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the multiple sensing beam pairs includes: sending a measurement report including at least the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the sensing beam pairs based on the sensing beam pair having the maximum Doppler value from the multiple sensing beam pairs.

[0245] Aspect 21. A method according to any one of Aspects 13 to 20, wherein sending at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the multiple sensing beam pairs includes: sending a measurement report including the RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements of at least the sensing beam pairs based on the sensing beam pairs having an RSRP value exceeding an RSRP threshold and a Doppler value exceeding a Doppler threshold.

[0246] Aspect 22. A method according to any one of Aspects 13 to 21, wherein sending at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the multiple sensing beam pairs includes: sending a measurement report including at least the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the sensing beam pairs based on the sensing beam pairs from the multiple sensing beam pairs having RSRP values ​​exceeding an RSRP threshold, Doppler values ​​exceeding a Doppler threshold, and a maximum Doppler value.

[0247] Aspect 23. The method according to any one of Aspects 13 to 22 further includes: receiving an indication of a sensing window configured for obtaining the RSRP measurement and the Doppler measurement, wherein symbols of each corresponding sensing resource corresponding to each corresponding sensing beam pair from the multiple sensing beam pairs are scheduled across multiple time slots.

[0248] Aspect 24. A method according to Aspect 23, wherein at least one sensing resource from a first sensing beam pair among the multiple sensing beam pairs is frequency multiplexed with at least one other sensing resource from a second sensing beam pair among the multiple sensing beam pairs in each time slot of the multiple time slots.

[0249] Aspect 25. A method according to any one of Aspects 13 to 24, wherein the phase of the start of a first sensing opportunity from a plurality of sensing opportunities is set equal to the phase of the end of a second sensing opportunity among the plurality of sensing opportunities, the second sensing opportunity occurring before the first sensing opportunity.

[0250] Aspect 26. The method according to any one of aspects 13 to 25, wherein respective phases of the start of each respective sensing opportunity from the plurality of sensing opportunities are set equal to each other.

[0251] Aspect 27. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions, which when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to perform the operations according to any one of aspects 1 to 12.

[0252] Aspect 28. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: one or more components for performing the operations according to any one of aspects 1 to 12.

[0253] Aspect 29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions, which when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to perform the operations according to any one of aspects 13 to 26.

[0254] Aspect 30. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: one or more components for performing the operations according to any one of aspects 13 to 26.

[0255] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be consistent with the full scope of the claims consistent with the language, where elements mentioned in the singular are not intended to mean "one and only one", unless specifically stated otherwise, but rather "one or more".

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a network device, the method comprising: determining a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement and a Doppler measurement for a plurality of sensing beam pairs; sending the RSRP measurement and at least a portion of the Doppler measurement to a network entity; as well as An indication of a sensing beam pair from the plurality of sensing beam pairs is received from the network entity based on the RSRP measurement and at least the portion of the Doppler measurement.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the network device is a user equipment (UE) or a base station. 3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the network entity is one of a base station, a network server, a user equipment (UE), or a sensing server.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: A target is sensed based on the pair of sensing beams. The method of claim 4 , wherein the target is one of a person, a vehicle, or an object.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein transmitting at least the portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the plurality of sensing beam pairs comprises: A measurement report is sent bundling the RSRP measurement and at least the portion of the Doppler measurement.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein transmitting at least the portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the plurality of sensing beam pairs comprises: A measurement report including a resource index of at least the sensing beam pair from the plurality of sensing beam pairs is sent.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein transmitting at least the portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the plurality of sensing beam pairs comprises: A measurement report including at least an RSRP measurement and a Doppler measurement of the sensing beam pair is sent based on the sensing beam pair having a maximum Doppler value from among the plurality of sensing beam pairs.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein transmitting at least the portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the plurality of sensing beam pairs comprises: A measurement report including at least an RSRP measurement and a Doppler measurement of the sensing beam pair is sent based on the sensing beam pair having an RSRP value exceeding an RSRP threshold and a Doppler value exceeding a Doppler threshold.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein transmitting at least the portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the plurality of sensing beam pairs comprises: A measurement report including at least an RSRP measurement and a Doppler measurement of the sensing beam pair is sent based on the sensing beam pair from the plurality of sensing beam pairs having an RSRP value exceeding an RSRP threshold, a Doppler value exceeding a Doppler threshold, and a maximum Doppler value.

11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The receiving pair is configured to obtain an indication of a sensing window for the RSRP measurement and the Doppler measurement, wherein symbols of each respective sensing resource corresponding to each respective sensing beam pair from the plurality of sensing beam pairs are scheduled across a plurality of time slots.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein at least one sensing resource from a first sensing beam pair among the plurality of sensing beam pairs is frequency multiplexed with at least one other sensing resource from a second sensing beam pair among the plurality of sensing beam pairs in each of the plurality of time slots.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein a phase of a start of a first sensing opportunity from a plurality of sensing opportunities is set equal to a phase of an end of a second sensing opportunity from the plurality of sensing opportunities, the second sensing opportunity occurring before the first sensing opportunity.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein respective phases of a start of each respective sensing opportunity from a plurality of sensing opportunities are set equal to one another.

15. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, the at least one processor being configured to: determining a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement and a Doppler measurement for a plurality of sensing beam pairs; outputting at least a portion of the RSRP measurement and the Doppler measurement for transmission to a network entity; as well as An indication of a sensing beam pair from the plurality of sensing beam pairs is received from the network entity based on the RSRP measurement and at least the portion of the Doppler measurement.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the apparatus is a user equipment (UE) or a base station.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the network entity is one of a base station, a network server, a user equipment (UE), or a sensing server.

18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: A target is sensed based on the pair of sensing beams.

19. The device of claim 18, wherein the target is one of a person, a vehicle, or an object.

20. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein in order to output the RSRP measurements and at least the portion of the Doppler measurements of the multiple sensing beam pairs for transmission, the at least one processor is configured to: output a measurement report bundling the RSRP measurements and at least the portion of the Doppler measurements for transmission.

21. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein in order to output at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the multiple sensing beam pairs for transmission, the at least one processor is configured to: output a measurement report including a resource index of at least the sensing beam pairs from the multiple sensing beam pairs for transmission.

22. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein in order to output at least the RSRP measurement and the Doppler measurement of the multiple sensing beam pairs for transmission, the at least one processor is configured to: output a measurement report including at least the RSRP measurement and the Doppler measurement of the sensing beam pair based on the sensing beam pair having the maximum Doppler value from the multiple sensing beam pairs for transmission.

23. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein in order to output at least a portion of the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the multiple sensing beam pairs for transmission, the at least one processor is configured to: output a measurement report including at least the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the sensing beam pairs for transmission based on the sensing beam pairs having an RSRP value exceeding an RSRP threshold and a Doppler value exceeding a Doppler threshold.

24. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein in order to output at least the RSRP measurements and the Doppler measurements of the multiple sensing beam pairs for transmission, the at least one processor is configured to: output a measurement report including at least the RSRP measurements and Doppler measurements of the sensing beam pairs for transmission based on the sensing beam pairs from the multiple sensing beam pairs having RSRP values ​​exceeding an RSRP threshold, Doppler values ​​exceeding a Doppler threshold, and a maximum Doppler value.

25. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receive an indication of a sensing window configured for obtaining the RSRP measurement and the Doppler measurement, wherein symbols of each corresponding sensing resource corresponding to each corresponding sensing beam from the multiple sensing beam pairs are scheduled across multiple time slots.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein at least one sensing resource from a first sensing beam pair among the plurality of sensing beam pairs is frequency multiplexed with at least one other sensing resource from a second sensing beam pair among the plurality of sensing beam pairs in each of the plurality of time slots.

27. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein a phase of a start of a first sensing opportunity from a plurality of sensing opportunities is set equal to a phase of an end of a second sensing opportunity from the plurality of sensing opportunities, the second sensing opportunity occurring before the first sensing opportunity.

28. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein respective phases of a start of each respective sensing opportunity from a plurality of sensing opportunities are set equal to one another.

29. A method for wireless communication at a network entity, the method comprising: receiving reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and Doppler measurements for a plurality of sensing beam pairs from a network device; as well as A sensing beam pair from the plurality of sensing beam pairs for sensing a target is determined based on the RSRP measurement and at least a portion of the Doppler measurement.

30. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, the at least one processor being configured to: receiving reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and Doppler measurements for a plurality of sensing beam pairs from a network device; as well as A sensing beam pair from the plurality of sensing beam pairs for sensing a target is determined based on the RSRP measurement and at least a portion of the Doppler measurement.

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