Concentrated feed for improving production performance and immunity of adult alpaca as well as preparation method and application of concentrated feed

Abstract

The invention discloses concentrated feed for improving the production performance and immunity of adult alpacas and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of feed. The invention provides a concentrated feed capable of improving the production performance and immunity of adult alpaca as well as a preparation method and application of the concentrated feed in order to solve the problem that alpaca concentrated feed which is balanced in nutrition, relatively good in palatability and acceptability, relatively high in digestibility and good in adaptability and economic benefit is lacked in the prior art. The alpaca concentrated feed is composed of a basic material and a premix, the basic material is composed of soybean meal, rice bran and corn, the premix is composed of a compound traditional Chinese medicine, sodium chloride, calcium hydrogen phosphate, baking soda, bentonite, compound vitamins, compound trace elements and a microecological preparation, and the compound traditional Chinese medicine is composed of hawthorn, medicated leaven, pinellia ternate, poria cocos, pericarpium citri reticulatae, fructus forsythiae and semen raphani. The alpaca concentrated feed provided by the invention can be used for feeding adult alpacas, and the production performance and immunity of the adult alpacas are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of feed, and relates to a concentrated feed for improving the production performance and immunity of adult alpacas, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Alpacas are widely raised in Europe and America because of their high economic value such as wool and meat, as well as ornamental value. In China, however, they are mainly regarded as ornamental and leisure animals. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards and the increase in demand for novel pets, the number of alpacas raised in China has increased. In addition, nanoantibodies in alpaca blood show great potential in drug development and disease treatment. Some research institutions and biotechnology companies are developing new alpaca nanoantibody drugs and diagnostic tools, and are also exploring the use of alpaca nanoantibodies to respond to emerging infectious diseases. Alpaca nanoantibodies have attracted widespread attention in the field of biomedicine.

[0003] Alpacas are native to the Andes Mountains in South America. They have a special digestive system and nutritional needs, which puts special requirements on the feed for alpacas in my country and poses great challenges to management. Since there are few alpacas raised on a large scale in my country, there is no concentrated feed specifically for alpacas on the market. Farmers have to use concentrated feed for cattle or sheep to feed alpacas, which leads to the following problems in the alpaca breeding process:

[0004] 1. Nutritional imbalance: Alpacas need low-energy, high-fiber feed, while the concentrated feed of most ruminants such as cattle and sheep often focuses on high energy and high protein, which is significantly different from the goals of alpaca feed; therefore, feeding alpacas with cattle and sheep concentrated feed will cause indigestion and excess energy, thereby causing problems such as obesity and uric acid; in addition, cattle and sheep concentrated feed also lacks certain specific trace elements (for example: iron, manganese, zinc and other trace elements) and vitamins required by alpacas.

[0005] 2. Palatability and acceptance: Alpacas have high requirements for the palatability of feed and have a low acceptance of new feed. The taste and texture of concentrated feed are quite different from the food that alpacas eat under natural conditions, and may be rejected by alpacas, resulting in insufficient feed intake.

[0006] 3. Digestion and absorption rate: Compared with ruminants, alpacas have a simpler stomach structure and are less efficient in digesting refined or over-processed feeds. In addition, feeds with too little fiber, too fine particles, or too high a starch content are not conducive to the normal digestive function of alpacas, leading to poor nutrient absorption or stomach health problems.

[0007] 4. Adaptability and economic benefits: The environment of alpacas’ origin is extreme (for example, high altitude and dry climate), which results in significant differences in the physiological characteristics and adaptability to feed of alpacas compared with traditional ruminants such as cattle and sheep. Feeds that work well in feeding cattle and sheep may not be able to meet the full range of alpacas’ needs, or may be difficult to produce due to the unavailability of corresponding raw materials locally. In addition, the market demand for concentrated feeds designed specifically for alpacas is relatively small, resulting in relatively high production and R&D costs. Summary of the invention

[0008] The invention solves the problem that the prior art lacks alpaca concentrated feed with balanced nutrition, good palatability and acceptance, high digestion and absorption rate, good adaptability and economic benefits, and provides a concentrated feed for improving the production performance and immunity of adult alpacas, as well as a preparation method and application thereof.

[0009] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a concentrated feed that improves the production performance and immunity of adult alpacas, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1: Mix the fermented and sterilized soybean meal, rice bran and corn in a certain mass ratio, grind them into fine particles with a particle size of 1 mm-2 mm, and obtain a mixed base material; add distilled water to the mixed base material and stir evenly, adjust the pH value with hydrochloric acid, inoculate Lactococcus lactis, and ferment at 30±2°C for 2-3 days to obtain a fermented material;

[0011] S2: sterilize the fermented material obtained in S1 at 121°C for 15-20 minutes, dry at 60°C, and grind into a base material with a particle size of 100 μm-200 μm;

[0012] S3: Mix hawthorn, Shenqu, pinellia, poria, tangerine peel, forsythia and radish seeds according to a certain mass ratio, grind into powder at 1200-1400 rpm, add distilled water according to a certain solid-liquid ratio and boil for 40 minutes, dry at 105° C., and grind into a composite Chinese medicine with a particle size of 100 μm-200 μm;

[0013] S4: mixing the composite Chinese medicine obtained in S3 with sodium chloride, calcium hydrogen phosphate, baking soda, bentonite, composite vitamins, composite trace elements, and microecological preparations in a certain mass ratio to obtain a premix;

[0014] S5: The base material obtained in S2 and the premix obtained in S4 are mixed according to certain weight portions, and soybean oil is sprayed at a ratio of 2-3% during the mixing process to prepare a mixed raw material; under a steam pressure of 0.2-0.3 MPa, distilled water is added at a certain solid-liquid ratio to mix evenly, and the mixture is extruded into granules in a granulator, cooled to room temperature, and dried at 60-70°C until the moisture content of the granules is less than 10%, thereby obtaining alpaca concentrated feed.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixing mass ratio of soybean meal, rice bran and corn in S1 is (21-30):(12-16):(1-10).

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of distilled water added in S1 is 0.8 times the volume of the mixed base material, and the pH value is adjusted to 6.5±0.2.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Lactococcus lactis described in S1 is KDLL2016-01, the KDLL2016-01 strain has a preservation number of CGMCC No.15450, is classified and named Lactococcus lactis, and is preserved in the General Microbiology Center of China Microorganism Culture Collection Committee, the preservation address is Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, and the preservation date is March 14, 2018; the inoculation amount of the Lactococcus lactis is 5-7%, and the activity of the Lactococcus lactis is 50 billion CFU / g.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixing mass ratio of hawthorn, Shenqu, pinellia, poria, tangerine peel, forsythia and radish seeds in S3 is (5-6): (1.5-2): (2.5-3): (2.5-3): (0.8-1): (0.8-1): (0.8-1).

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid-liquid ratio of the distilled water added in S3 is 1:3.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixing mass ratio of the composite Chinese medicine, sodium chloride, calcium hydrogen phosphate, baking soda, bentonite, composite vitamins, composite trace elements and probiotic preparations in S4 is (20-25): (35-40): (45-50): (5-8): (30-33): (0.3-0.5): (0.5-1): (0.5-1).

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixed weight fractions of the base material and the premix in S5 are: 83-85 parts of the base material and 15-17 parts of the premix, and the solid-liquid ratio of the distilled water added is 10:1.

[0022] The second object of the present invention is to provide a concentrated feed for improving the production performance and immunity of adult alpacas, wherein the concentrated feed is obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0023] The third object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above-mentioned concentrated feed for improving the production performance and immunity of adult alpacas in feeding adult alpacas to improve the immunity of alpacas.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: based on the physiological and digestive characteristics of alpacas, the invention provides a method for preparing concentrated feed for improving the production performance and immunity of adult alpacas. The alpaca concentrated feed obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method is composed of a base material and a premix, the base material consists of soybean meal, rice bran and corn, the premix consists of a compound Chinese medicine, sodium chloride, calcium hydrogen phosphate, baking soda, bentonite, compound vitamins, compound trace elements and a probiotic preparation, and the compound Chinese medicine consists of hawthorn, Shenqu, Pinellia, Poria, Tangerine Peel, Forsythia and Radish Seed.

[0025] The digestive tract structure of alpacas is different from that of cattle and sheep. They only have three stomach chambers and are more sensitive to the starch content in feed. Previous studies have found that when the corn content in concentrated feed exceeds 15% and the crude fiber content in roughage is low, alpacas are prone to acidosis; even if alpacas do not experience acidosis, their blood antioxidant capacity and immunoglobulin content significantly decrease, and the content of inflammatory factors significantly increases. In addition, the indicators related to acidosis in alpacas' blood show a tendency to be prone to acidosis.

[0026] The present invention reduces the starch content in the basic material by a reasonable basic material ratio; improves the nutritional composition of the basic material by a probiotic fermentation method of Lactococcus lactis, and supplements the nutrients required by the alpaca; and further promotes the peristalsis of the alpaca's digestive tract by adding the composite Chinese medicine into the premix, reduces the retention time of the concentrated feed in the alpaca's rumen, reduces the risk of acidosis in the alpaca, and improves the alpaca's ability to digest and absorb nutrients.

[0027] The concentrated feed for improving the production performance and immunity of adult alpacas provided by the present invention can improve the production performance of adult alpacas, improve the antioxidant activity and reduce the level of lipid peroxidation, balance the pH value in the blood, increase the immunoglobulin A / G content in the blood, and reduce the interleukin 6 / 8 content in the blood. The concentrated alpaca feed provided by the present invention can be used for feeding adult alpacas to improve the production performance and immunity of adult alpacas.

[0028] [Biological Deposit Information]: The deposit number of Lactococcus lactis KDLL2016-01 is CGMCC No.15450, and the classification name is Lactococcus lactis. It is deposited in the General Microbiology Center of China Microbiological Culture Collection Administration, and the deposit address is Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing. The deposit date is March 14, 2018. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Those skilled in the art can refer to the content of this article and appropriately improve the process parameters. It should be particularly noted that all similar replacements and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art, and they are all considered to be included in the present invention. The method and application of the present invention have been described through preferred embodiments, and relevant personnel can obviously modify or appropriately change and combine the methods and applications described herein without departing from the content and scope of the present invention to implement and apply the technology of the present invention.

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials, reagents, methods and instruments used are all conventional materials, reagents, methods and instruments in the art unless otherwise specified, and those skilled in the art can obtain them through commercial channels.

[0031] The Lactococcus lactis described in the following examples is KDLL2016-01, the KDLL2016-01 strain has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 15450, is classified as Lactococcus lactis, and is deposited in the General Microbiological Center of the China Culture Collection Administration, the deposit address is No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the deposit date is March 14, 2018.

[0032] Example 1: Preparation of concentrated feed for adult alpacas

[0033] 1. Preparation of base material A

[0034] S1: Sterilized soybean meal, rice bran and corn were mixed in a mass ratio of 21:16:5, and ground into fine particles with a particle size of 1 mm to obtain a mixed base material; 0.8 times the volume of distilled water of the mixed base material was added, and the mixture was stirred evenly, and the pH value was adjusted to 6.5 with hydrochloric acid, and then 5% Lactococcus lactis was inoculated, and the mixture was fermented at 30°C for 2 days to obtain a fermented material;

[0035] S2: The fermented material obtained in S1 is sterilized at 121°C for 15-20 min, dried at 60°C, and ground into a base material A with a particle size of 200 μm.

[0036] 2. Preparation of base material B

[0037] The sterilized soybean meal, rice bran and corn were mixed in a mass ratio of 21:16:5, and ground into fine particles with a particle size of 200 μm to obtain base material B.

[0038] 3. Preparation of premix A

[0039] S1: Mix hawthorn, Shenqu, pinellia, poria, tangerine peel, forsythia and radish seeds in a mass ratio of 6:2:3:3:1:1:1, grind into powder at 1200-1400rpm, add distilled water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:3 and boil for 40min, dry at 105℃, and grind into a composite Chinese medicine with a particle size of 100μm-200μm;

[0040] S2: The composite Chinese medicine obtained in S1 is mixed with sodium chloride, calcium hydrogen phosphate, baking soda, bentonite, composite vitamins, composite trace elements, and probiotic preparations in a mass ratio of 20:40:50:8:33:0.5:1:1 to obtain a premix A.

[0041] 4. Preparation of premix B

[0042] Sodium chloride, calcium hydrogen phosphate, baking soda, bentonite, complex vitamins, complex trace elements, and probiotic preparations are mixed in a mass ratio of 20:40:50:8:33:0.5:1:1 to obtain premix B.

[0043] 5. Preparation of Concentrated Feed

[0044] The base material A or base material B is mixed evenly with the premix A or premix B in the weight proportions of 8 parts of the base material and 1 part of the premix. During the mixing process, soybean oil is sprayed at a ratio of 2.5% to prepare a mixed raw material. Under a steam pressure of 0.25 MPa, distilled water is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 10:1 to mix evenly. The mixture is extruded into granules with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 3 cm in a granulator, cooled to room temperature, and dried at 65°C until the granules have a moisture content of 8%, thereby obtaining concentrated feed for adult alpacas.

[0045] The mixing conditions of the above base material A / B and premix A / B are shown in Table 1.

[0046] Table 1

[0047] Group Experimental Group 1 Experimental Group 2 Experimental Group 3 Experimental Group 4 Base material type Base material A Base material A Base material B Base material B Premix Type Premix A Premix B Premix A Premix B

[0048] Effect experiment:

[0049] In this example, in order to explore the effect of adult alpaca concentrate feed obtained by mixing different basic materials and premixes on the production performance and immune function of adult alpacas, 4 experimental groups were set up to detect relevant indicators, and 20 alpacas with a healthy body age of about 24 months and an average weight of 52.16±9.32kg were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, 5 alpacas in each group, and there was no significant difference in the weight of alpacas among the groups (P>0.05). The alpacas in each group were mixed with roughage and concentrate feed in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the roughage was: alfalfa and sheep grass were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; wherein the premix provided per kilogram of diet: Fe93mg, Mn80mg, Zn 87mg, Cu 22mg, I 0.75g, Se 0.5mg, Co 0.37mg, vitamin A1 2000IU, vitamin D33000mg, vitamin E 115mg, niacinamide 24mg, biotin 0.1mg; the test period is 60 days, the first 9 days are the pre-feeding period, during the pre-feeding period, each experimental group replaced 25% of the corresponding concentrated feed every 3 days, and 100% of the concentrated feed was replaced on the 10th day. On the 60th day, the alpacas were fasting and blood was drawn as test samples.

[0050] Experimental results:

[0051] (1) The production performance results of alpacas in experimental groups 1-4 after 60 days of feeding in this embodiment are shown in Table 2. Compared with experimental groups 2-4, the alpacas in experimental group 1 have the lowest average daily feed intake, but the highest average daily weight gain and the lowest feed-to-weight ratio. It can be seen that the alpaca concentrated feed (basic feed A+premix A=experimental group 1) protected by the present invention has a good effect of improving the production performance of adult alpacas.

[0052] Table 2

[0053] Items to be tested Experimental Group 1 Experimental Group 2 Experimental Group 3 Experimental Group 4 Average daily weight gain 178.17g 147.83g 158.33g 76.16g Average daily feed intake 1.01Kg 1.17Kg 1.17Kg 1.08Kg Material weight ratio 5.70 7.88 7.40 14.21

[0054] (2) Glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase are inherent antioxidant enzymes in the body. Various antioxidant enzymes assist in removing ROS in the body from different angles and play different roles in the antioxidant process. The increase in the content of glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase in biological samples can reflect the high antioxidant activity of the body. The phospholipids in the lipids of biological membranes are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and are easily attacked by free radicals and their active derivatives to generate peroxidized lipids. The peroxidized lipids can produce many aldehydes through the β-scission of the lipid group. The increase in the content of malondialdehyde in biological samples can reflect the high level of lipid peroxidation.

[0055] In this example, the blood oxidative stress indexes of alpacas in experimental groups 1-4 after feeding for 60 days were detected, and the results are shown in Table 3. Compared with experimental groups 2-4, the blood glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase content of alpacas in experimental group 1 were the highest, and the malondialdehyde content was the lowest. It can be seen that the alpaca concentrate feed (basic feed A+premix A=experimental group 1) protected by the present invention has good antioxidant activity and low lipid peroxidation level.

[0056] Table 3

[0057] Items to be tested Experimental Group 1 Experimental Group 2 Experimental Group 3 Experimental Group 4 Glutathione peroxidase 285.96μmol / L 254.15μmol / L 261.62μmol / L 224.16μmol / L Total superoxide dismutase 158.63U / mL 132.19 U / mL 138.75 U / mL 108.76U / mL Malondialdehyde 1.37mmol / L 1.81mmol / L 1.78mmol / L 2.44mmol / L

[0058] (3) In this example, the blood acidosis index of alpacas in experimental groups 1-4 after 60 days of feeding was tested, and the results are shown in Table 4. Compared with experimental groups 2-4, the blood pH value of alpacas in experimental group 1 was the highest, the carbon dioxide partial pressure was the lowest, [HCO3 - ] concentration is the highest, but the difference is not significant, and the standard residual alkali content is the highest. It can be seen that the alpaca concentrated feed (basic feed A+premix A=experimental group 1) protected by the present invention has a good effect of controlling the acid-base balance of alpaca blood.

[0059] Table 4

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] (4) Immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G are a type of globulin with antibody activity that is synthesized and secreted by plasma cells. Immunoglobulin is produced by the body after being stimulated by antigens (such as pathogens). Its main function is to react with antigens to form antigen-antibody complexes, thereby blocking the harm of pathogens to the body and making the pathogens lose their pathogenic effects. Interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 are cytokines, which are proteins produced by immune cells acting on other cells. They help regulate and promote immune responses and can also stimulate the production of acute-related reactants. Their concentrations increase in the blood during inflammation or tissue damage.

[0063] In this embodiment, blood immune markers of alpacas in experimental groups 1-4 after 60 days of feeding were detected, and the results are shown in Table 5. Compared with experimental groups 2-4, the levels of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G in the blood of alpacas in experimental group 1 were the highest, and the levels of interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 were the lowest. It can be seen that the alpaca concentrated feed (basic feed A+premix A=experimental group 1) protected by the present invention has a better effect on improving the immunity of adult alpacas.

[0064] Table 5

[0065] Items to be tested Experimental Group 1 Experimental Group 2 Experimental Group 3 Experimental Group 4 Immunoglobulin A 29.75.63ng / L 24.38ng / L 25.77ng / L 22.36ng / L IgG 687.05ng / L 503.18ng / L 524.75ng / L 468.84ng / L Interleukin-6 61.05ng / LL 62.83ng / L 63.75ng / L 71.23ng / L Interleukin-8 43.83ng / L 48.02ng / L 48.15ng / L 60.58ng / L

[0066] Example 2: Effects of different roughages on the effect of concentrated feed for adult alpacas

[0067] This example is to explore the effects of feeding alpacas with the alpaca concentrated feed prepared by the experimental group 1 obtained in Example 1 and roughage of different compositions on the production performance and immunity of alpacas.

[0068] In this embodiment, 4 experimental groups are set up to detect relevant indicators. 20 alpacas with good health, about 24 months of age and an average weight of 53.27±8.25 kg are selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, 5 alpacas in each group, and there is no significant difference in the weight of alpacas among the groups (P>0.05). The alpacas in each group are mixed with roughage and concentrate feed (experimental group 1: basic feed A+premix A) in a mass ratio of 1:1; wherein the roughage is: alfalfa, oat grass, sheep grass or fermented straw; the experimental period is 60 days, the first 9 days are the pre-feeding period, and each experimental group replaces 25% of the corresponding concentrate feed every 3 days during the pre-feeding period, and 100% of the concentrate feed is replaced on the 10th day, and fasting blood is drawn from the alpacas on the 60th day as a test sample.

[0069] Experimental results:

[0070] (1) The production performance of alpacas prepared by the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the experimental group 1 (basic feed A+premix A) in Example 1 was tested after feeding with different roughages for 60 days. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0071] When the alpaca were fed with the sheep grass and fermented straw groups and the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the experimental group 1 (basic feed A+premix A) in Example 1, the average daily feed intake was the lowest and the average daily weight gain was the lowest;

[0072] There was no significant difference in the average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain of the alpacas when the alfalfa and oat grass groups were fed with the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the experimental group 1 (basic feed A+premix A) in Example 1, but both were higher than those of the sheep grass and fermented straw groups.

[0073] It can be seen that the alpaca concentrated feed (basic feed A+premix A=experimental group 1) protected by the present invention is fed in combination with the roughage of the alfalfa group and the oat grass group, which has a good effect on improving the production performance of adult alpacas.

[0074] Table 6

[0075] Items to be tested Alfalfa group Oat grass group Leymus chinensis group Fermented straw group Average daily weight gain 152.66g 153.16g 128.31g 106.18g Average daily feed intake 0.87Kg 0.88Kg 0.76Kg 0.75Kg Material weight ratio 5.72 5.75 5.93 7.07

[0076] (2) The alpaca blood oxidative stress indexes of the alpaca prepared by the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the first experimental group (basic feed A+premix A) in Example 1 and fed with different roughages for 60 days were tested. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0077] There was no significant difference in the glutathione peroxidase content in the blood of alpacas fed with the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the alfalfa, oat grass and sheep grass groups and the experimental group 1 (basic feed A + premix A) in Example 1, but they were all higher than the fermented straw group;

[0078] The total superoxide dismutase content in the blood of alpacas fed with the oat grass group and the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the experimental group 1 (basic feed A+premix A) in Example 1 was the highest, and the total superoxide dismutase content in the blood of alpacas fed with alfalfa and sheep grass groups was not significantly different, but both were higher than that of the fermented straw group;

[0079] The malondialdehyde content in the blood of alpacas fed with the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the alfalfa group and the experimental group 1 (basic feed A + premix A) in Example 1 was the lowest. There was no significant difference in the malondialdehyde content in the blood of alpacas fed with the oat grass and sheep grass groups, but both were lower than that of the fermented straw group.

[0080] It can be seen that the alpaca concentrated feed (basic feed A+premix A=experimental group 1) protected by the present invention is fed in combination with the roughage of the alfalfa group or the oat grass group, which improves the antioxidant activity in the blood of the alpaca and reduces the lipid peroxidation level.

[0081] Table 7

[0082] Items to be tested Alfalfa group Oat grass group Leymus chinensis group Fermented straw group Glutathione peroxidase 282.15μmol / L 284.32μmol / L 281.16μmol / L 278.98μmol / L Total superoxide dismutase 155.87U / mL 162.69U / mL 158.35U / mL 149.22U / mL Malondialdehyde 1.44mmol / L 1.55mmol / L 1.51mmol / L 1.63mmol / L

[0083] (3) The alpaca blood acidosis index of the alpaca prepared by the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the first experimental group (basic feed A+premix A) in Example 1 was tested after feeding with different roughages for 60 days. The results are shown in Table 8.

[0084] There was no significant difference in blood pH value and standard residual alkali content between the alpacas fed with the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the alfalfa, oat grass, sheep grass and fermented straw groups and the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the experimental group 1 (basic feed A+premix A) in Example 1;

[0085] The alpacas fed with the alfalfa and oat grass groups and the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the experimental group 1 (basic feed A + premix A) in Example 1 had the lowest blood carbon dioxide partial pressure, [HCO3 - ]The highest concentration.

[0086] It can be seen that the alpaca concentrated feed (basic feed A+premix A=experimental group 1) protected by the present invention is fed in combination with alfalfa group or oat grass group roughage, which has a better effect of controlling the blood acid-base balance for alpacas.

[0087] Table 8

[0088] Items to be tested Alfalfa group Oat grass group Leymus chinensis group Fermented straw group pH 7.39 7.38 7.38 7.36 Carbon dioxide partial pressure 52.54 mmHg 52.28 mmHg 53.03 mmHg 53.15 mmHg <![CDATA[[HCO3 - ]Concentration]]> <![CDATA[33.26mmol·L -1 ]]> <![CDATA[33.07mmol·L -1 ]]> <![CDATA[32.85mmol·L -1 ]]> <![CDATA[32.18mmol·L -1 ]]> Standard residual alkali <![CDATA[7.66mmol·L -1 ]]> <![CDATA[7.83mmol·L -1 ]]> <![CDATA[7.79mmol·L -1 ]]> <![CDATA[7.59mmol·L -1 ]]>

[0089] (4) The blood immune markers of alpacas prepared by the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the experimental group 1 (basic feed A+premix A) in Example 1 were tested after feeding with different roughages for 60 days. The results are shown in Table 9.

[0090] The immunoglobulin A content in the blood of alpacas fed with the alfalfa and oat grass groups and the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the experimental group 1 (basic feed A+premix A) in Example 1 was the highest, and there was no significant difference between the two groups;

[0091] The immunoglobulin G content in the blood of alpacas fed with the oat grass group and the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the experimental group 1 (basic feed A+premix A) in Example 1 was the highest;

[0092] The alpacas fed with the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the alfalfa and oat grass group and the experimental group 1 (basic feed A+premix A) in Example 1 had the lowest interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels in their blood, and there was no significant difference between the two groups.

[0093] It can be seen that the alpaca concentrated feed (basic feed A+premix A=experimental group 1) protected by the present invention is fed in combination with alfalfa group or oat grass group roughage, which has a better effect on improving the immunity of adult alpacas.

[0094] Table 9

[0095] Items to be tested Alfalfa group Oat grass group Leymus chinensis group Fermented straw group Immunoglobulin A 28.37.63ng / L 28.71ng / L 27.69ng / L 27.35ng / L IgG 567.26ng / L 573.85ng / L 564.12ng / L 558.31ng / L Interleukin-6 62.51ng / LL 62.61ng / L 63.06ng / L 64.19ng / L Interleukin-8 47.76ng / L 47.37ng / L 48.16ng / L 50.85ng / L

[0096] In summary, selecting either alfalfa or oat grass as roughage and feeding it together with the alpaca concentrated feed (basic feed A+premix A=experimental group 1) protected by the present invention has the best effect on improving the production performance and immunity of adult alpacas.

[0097] Example 3: Comparative analysis of adult alpaca concentrate feed and conventional cattle / sheep concentrate feed

[0098] This example is to explore the effects of the concentrated feed for adult alpacas prepared in Example 1 (basic feed A+premix A=experimental group 1) on improving the production performance and immunity of alpacas compared with conventional concentrated feed for cattle or sheep.

[0099] In this embodiment, 4 experimental groups are set to detect relevant indicators. 15 alpacas with good health, about 24 months of age, and an average weight of 52.15±9.36 are selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, 5 alpacas in each group, and there is no significant difference in the weight of alpacas among the groups (P>0.05). The alpacas in each group are mixed with roughage and concentrate feed (experimental group 1: basic feed A+premix A) in a mass ratio of 1:1; the roughage is: alfalfa and sheep grass are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; the concentrate feed for beef cattle is: 6 parts of corn, 2 parts of soybean meal, 1 part of bran, and 1 part of premix; the concentrate feed for mutton is: 5 parts of corn, 2 parts of soybean meal, 2.5 parts of bran, and 1 part of premix; the above-mentioned premix is: sodium chloride, calcium hydrogen phosphate, baking soda, bentonite, complex vitamins, complex trace elements, and probiotics, and each kilogram of diet provides: Fe 93mg, Mn 80mg, Zn 87mg, Cu 22mg, I 0.75g, Se 0.5mg, Co 0.37mg, vitamin A 12000IU, vitamin D3 3000mg, vitamin E 115mg, niacinamide 24mg, biotin 0.1mg; the experimental period was 60 days, the first 9 days were the pre-feeding period, during the pre-feeding period, each experimental group replaced 25% of the corresponding concentrated feed every 3 days, and 100% of the concentrated feed was replaced on the 10th day, and on the 60th day, the alpacas were fasting blood drawn as test samples.

[0100] (1) The alpaca production performance of the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the experimental group 1 (basic feed A+premix A) in Example 1, the beef cattle concentrate feed group and the mutton concentrate feed group after being fed for 60 days was tested. The results are shown in Table 10.

[0101] There was no significant difference in the average daily feed intake of alpacas among the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the experimental group 1 (basic feed A + premix A), beef cattle concentrate feed and mutton concentrate feed in Example 1, but the alpacas fed with the alpaca concentrate feed (basic feed A + premix A) had the highest average daily feed intake and the lowest feed-to-weight ratio.

[0102] It can be seen that the alpaca concentrated feed (basic feed A+premix A=experimental group 1) protected by the present invention is more suitable for alpacas than beef cattle concentrated feed and mutton concentrated feed, and has a better effect on improving the production performance of adult alpacas.

[0103] Table 10

[0104] Group Experimental Group 1 Beef cattle feed group Sheep Concentrated Feed Group Average daily weight gain 178.17g 153.29g 168.77g Average daily feed intake 1.01Kg 1.02Kg 0.98Kg Material weight ratio 5.70 6.66 5.83

[0105] (2) The alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the first experimental group (basic feed A + premix A) in Example 1 and the beef cattle concentrate feed group and the mutton concentrate feed group were fed for 60 days, and the blood oxidative stress index of the alpacas was tested, and the results are shown in Table 11. The alpacas fed with the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the first experimental group (basic feed A + premix A) in Example 1 had the highest levels of glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase in their blood, and the lowest content of malondialdehyde. Compared with the beef cattle concentrate feed and the mutton concentrate feed group, the contents of glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in the blood of the alpacas were significantly different.

[0106] It can be seen that the alpaca concentrate feed (basic feed A+premix A=experimental group 1) protected by the present invention improves the antioxidant activity in alpaca blood and reduces the lipid peroxidation level compared with beef cattle concentrate feed and mutton concentrate feed.

[0107] Table 11

[0108] Group Experimental Group 1 Beef cattle feed group Sheep Concentrated Feed Group Glutathione peroxidase 285.96μmol / L 234.18μmol / L 242.68μmol / L Total superoxide dismutase 158.63U / mL 125.64U / mL 137.86U / mL Malondialdehyde 1.37mmol / L 2.73mmol / L 2.59mmol / L

[0109] (3) The alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the first experimental group (basic feed A + premix A) in Example 1 and the alpaca concentrate feed group and the mutton concentrate feed group were respectively fed for 60 days. The blood acidosis index of the alpacas was tested, and the results are shown in Table 12. The blood pH value of the alpacas fed with the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the first experimental group (basic feed A + premix A) in Example 1 was higher than the blood pH value of the alpacas fed with the beef cattle concentrate feed and the mutton concentrate feed; the blood [HCO3 - ] concentration and standard residual alkali content are the highest, and carbon dioxide partial pressure is the lowest, and the differences are significant.

[0110] It can be seen that the alpaca concentrate feed (basic feed A+premix A=experimental group 1) protected by the present invention has a better function of controlling the acid-base balance of alpaca blood compared with beef cattle concentrate feed and mutton concentrate feed.

[0111] Table 12

[0112] Group Experimental Group 1 Beef cattle feed group Sheep Concentrated Feed Group pH 7.41 7.28 7.31 Carbon dioxide partial pressure 52.68 mmHg 57.15 mmHg 56.81 mmHg <![CDATA[[HCO3 - ]Concentration]]> <![CDATA[33.18mmol·L -1 ]]> <![CDATA[28.43mmol·L -1 ]]> <![CDATA[29.66mmol·L -1 ]]> Standard residual alkali <![CDATA[7.85mmol·L -1 ]]> <![CDATA[5.06mmol·L -1 ]]> <![CDATA[5.39mmol·L -1 ]]>

[0113] (4) The blood immune markers of alpacas prepared by the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the experimental group 1 (basic feed A + premix A) in Example 1 and the beef cattle concentrate feed group and the mutton concentrate feed group were tested after being fed for 60 days, and the results are shown in Table 13. The contents of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G in the blood of alpacas fed with the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the experimental group 1 (basic feed A + premix A) in Example 1 were the highest, and significantly higher than those in the beef cattle concentrate feed and mutton concentrate feed groups; the contents of interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 in the blood of alpacas fed with the alpaca concentrate feed prepared by the experimental group 1 (basic feed A + premix A) in Example 1 were the lowest, and significantly lower than those in the beef cattle concentrate feed and mutton concentrate feed groups.

[0114] It can be seen that the alpaca concentrate feed (basic feed A+premix A=experimental group 1) protected by the present invention is better than beef cattle concentrate feed and mutton concentrate feed in improving the production performance and immunity of adult alpacas.

[0115] Table 13

[0116] Items Experimental Group 1 Beef cattle feed group Sheep Concentrated Feed Group Immunoglobulin A 29.75.63ng / L 23.21ng / L 22.88ng / L IgG 687.05ng / L 471.28ng / L 508.34ng / L Interleukin-6 61.05ng / LL 82.95ng / L 78.85ng / L Interleukin-8 43.83ng / L 59.10ng / L 62.38ng / L

[0117] The contents not described in detail in the specification of the present invention are well-known technologies for those skilled in the art. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing concentrated feed for improving production performance and immunity of adult alpacas, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1: Mix the fermented and sterilized soybean meal, rice bran and corn in a certain mass ratio, grind them into fine particles with a particle size of 1 mm-2 mm, and obtain a mixed base material; add distilled water to the mixed base material and stir evenly, adjust the pH value with hydrochloric acid, inoculate Lactococcus lactis, and ferment at 30±2°C for 2-3 days to obtain a fermented material; S2: sterilize the fermented material obtained in S1 at 121°C for 15-20 minutes, dry it at 60°C, and grind it into a base material with a particle size of 100 μm-200 μm; S3: Mix hawthorn, Shenqu, pinellia, poria, tangerine peel, forsythia and radish seeds according to a certain mass ratio, grind into powder at 1200-1400 rpm, add distilled water according to a certain solid-liquid ratio and boil for 40 minutes, dry at 105° C., and grind into a composite Chinese medicine with a particle size of 100 μm-200 μm; S4: mixing the composite Chinese medicine obtained in S3 with sodium chloride, calcium hydrogen phosphate, baking soda, bentonite, composite vitamins, composite trace elements, and microecological preparations in a certain mass ratio to obtain a premix; S5: The base material obtained in S2 and the premix obtained in S4 are mixed according to certain weight portions, and soybean oil is sprayed at a ratio of 2-3% during the mixing process to prepare a mixed raw material; under a steam pressure of 0.2-0.3 MPa, distilled water is added at a certain solid-liquid ratio to mix evenly, and the mixture is extruded into granules in a granulator, cooled to room temperature, and dried at 60-70°C until the moisture content of the granules is less than 10%, thereby obtaining alpaca concentrated feed.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing mass ratio of soybean meal, rice bran and corn in S1 is (21-30):(12-16):(1-10).

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of distilled water added in S1 is 0.8 times the volume of the mixed base material, and the pH value is adjusted to 6.5±0.

2.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Lactococcus lactis described in S1 is KDLL2016-01, the KDLL2016-01 strain has a preservation number of CGMCC No.15450, is classified as Lactococcus lactis, and is preserved in the General Microbiology Center of China Microorganism Culture Collection Administration, the preservation address is Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, and the preservation date is March 14, 2018; the inoculation amount of the Lactococcus lactis is 5-7%, and the activity of the Lactococcus lactis is 50 billion CFU / g.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing mass ratio of hawthorn, Shenqu, pinellia, poria, tangerine peel, forsythia and radish seeds described in S3 is (5-6): (1.5-2): (2.5-3): (2.5-3): (0.8-1): (0.8-1): (0.8-1).

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid-to-liquid ratio of the distilled water added in S3 is 1:

3.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing mass ratio of the composite Chinese medicine, sodium chloride, calcium hydrogen phosphate, baking soda, bentonite, composite vitamins, composite trace elements and probiotic preparations described in S4 is (20-25): (35-40): (45-50): (5-8): (30-33): (0.3-0.5): (0.5-1): (0.5-1).

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixed weight fractions of the base material and the premix in S5 are: 83-85 parts of the base material and 15-17 parts of the premix, and the solid-liquid ratio of the distilled water added is 10:

1.

9. A concentrated feed for improving the production performance and immunity of adult alpacas, characterized in that: The concentrated feed is obtained by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the concentrated feed for improving production performance and immunity of adult alpacas as claimed in claim 9 in feeding adult alpacas to improve production performance and immunity of alpacas.

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