Light-emitting element, polycyclic compound for light-emitting element, and display device including light-emitting element

Abstract

Provided are a light-emitting element, a polycyclic compound, and a display device. The light-emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, and an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The emission layer may include a polycyclic compound including a core structure having an N atom and a B atom, two terphenyl groups bonded to the core structure, a polyring connecting the two terphenyl groups, and a substituent having a large steric hindrance, such that the polycyclic compound has a spherical structure in three dimensions. The shape of the polycyclic compound can reduce aggregation and / or interaction among molecules of the polycyclic compound.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0093700 filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on July 19, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure herein relates to a light emitting element, a polycyclic compound used for the light emitting element, and a display device including the light emitting element. Background Art

[0003] Recently, the development of organic electroluminescent display devices as image display devices is actively underway. An organic electroluminescent display device or the like is a display device including a so-called "self-luminous" type or kind of light-emitting element, wherein holes and electrons injected from a first electrode and a second electrode, respectively, are recombined in an emission layer of the display device. Subsequently, the light-emitting material of the emission layer (e.g., light-emitting layer) emits light to realize (e.g., implement) display (e.g., display of an image).

[0004] The implementation of light-emitting elements in display devices requires (or desires) improvements in luminous efficiency and / or life, etc. Therefore, there is a need or desire for the development of materials for light-emitting elements that can stably achieve such characteristics or expectations, and such development is ongoing.

[0005] Two example research areas that are being conducted or pursued to achieve highly efficient light-emitting elements include the development of phosphorescent luminescence utilizing triplet energy and delayed fluorescence luminescence utilizing triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) (e.g., where singlet excitons are generated due to collisions of triplet excitons). Another example research area is the development of materials for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) utilizing the delayed fluorescence phenomenon. Summary of the invention

[0006] One or more aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a light emitting element having improved luminous efficiency and / or improved lifespan.

[0007] One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure relate to polycyclic compounds having improved material lifetime.

[0008] One or more aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a display device having excellent or suitable display quality and including a light-emitting element having improved luminous efficiency and / or life. Additional aspects will be described in part in the following description and will be apparent in part from the description or can be learned by practicing the given embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0009] One or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

[0010] Formula 1

[0011]

[0012] In Formula 1, X can be O, S, Se, NR a or CR b R c , and R 1 To R 9 Each of R and R may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and may optionally bind to an adjacent group to form a ring. a To R c They may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0013] In one or more embodiments, R in Formula 1 1 and R 2 At least one of may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0014] In one or more embodiments, R in Formula 1 1 and R 2 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0015] In one or more embodiments, at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be substituted with a deuterium atom.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, R in Formula 1 3 It may be a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0017] In one or more embodiments, Formula 1 may be represented by any one selected from Formula 1-1 to Formula 1-4.

[0018] Formula 1-1

[0019]

[0020] Formula 1-2

[0021]

[0022] Formula 1-3

[0023]

[0024] Formula 1-4

[0025]

[0026] In Formula 1-1 to Formula 1-4, R 1 To R 9 and R a It can be defined as in Formula 1.

[0027] In one or more embodiments, the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be a delayed fluorescence dopant.

[0028] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the light-emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, and an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including (eg, containing) the above-mentioned polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments.

[0029] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may further include at least one selected from among the second compound represented by Formula HT-1 and the third compound represented by Formula ET-1.

[0030] Formula HT-1

[0031]

[0032] In formula HT-1, A 1 To A 8 can be independently N or CR 51 , L 1 may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and Y a Can be direct key, CR 52 R 53 or SiR 54 R 55 .Ar 1may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and R 51 To R 55 Each may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or may optionally combine with an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0033] Formula ET-1

[0034]

[0035] In formula ET-1, X 1 To X 3 can be independently N or CR 56 , and selected from X 1 To X 3 At least one of them may be N (e.g., selected from X 1 To X 3 At least one of them may be N, and the rest (e.g., any remaining X 1 To X 3 ) can be CR 56 ). 56 It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and b1 to b3 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 10. Ar 2 To Ar 4 L may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 2 To L 4 Each may independently be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0036] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may further include a fourth compound represented by Formula D-1.

[0037] Formula D-1

[0038]

[0039] In formula D-1, Q 1 To Q 4 C1 to C4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and L 11 To L 13 Can be directly keyed, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. b11 to b13 may all independently be 0 or 1, and R 61 To R 66 Each of d1 to d4 may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, and d1 to d4 may independently be an integer from 0 to 4.

[0040] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include a polycyclic compound (ie, a first compound), a second compound, a third compound, and a fourth compound.

[0041] In one or more embodiments, the emissive layer may emit (eg, be configured to emit) delayed fluorescent light.

[0042] In one or more embodiments, the emissive layer may emit (eg, be configured to emit) blue light.

[0043] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the display device includes a substrate layer, a circuit layer disposed on the substrate layer, and a display element layer disposed on the circuit layer and including a light-emitting element. In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including (e.g., having) the above-mentioned polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments.

[0044] In one or more embodiments, the light emitting element may emit (eg, be configured to emit) blue light.

[0045] In one or more embodiments, the display device may further include a light control layer having quantum dots. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. In the drawings:

[0047] Figure 1 is a plan view of a display device according to one or more embodiments;

[0048] Figure 2 It is shown along Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a portion taken along line II';

[0049] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0052] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0053] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0054] Fig. 8A and Figure 8B are images showing 3D structures of polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0055] Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0056] Fig.10 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0057] Fig.11 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0058] Fig.12 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0059] Fig.13 is a diagram showing the interior of a vehicle in which a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is provided. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The present disclosure can be modified in one or more suitable ways and has many forms, and therefore specific embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in more detail in the detailed description of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the present disclosure to the specific forms disclosed, but is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and substitutes falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0061] When explaining each of the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same elements, and repeated description thereof may not be provided. In the drawings, the size of each structure is exaggeratedly shown for clarity of the present disclosure.

[0062] It will be understood that, although the terms "first" and / or "second" etc. may be used herein to describe one or more suitable components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another component. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the first component may be referred to as the second component, and similarly, the second component may be referred to as the first component. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "one", "one (kind / person)" and "the (described)" are also intended to include plural forms.

[0063] In the present disclosure, it will be understood that the terms "include", "comprises" and / or "has" and the like indicate the presence of the features, quantities, steps, operations, components, parts (parts) or combinations thereof disclosed in the specification, but do not exclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, quantities, steps, operations, components, parts (parts) or combinations thereof.

[0064] As used herein, the term "use" and variations thereof may be considered synonymous with the term "utilize" and variations thereof, respectively.

[0065] As used herein, expressions such as “at least one of,” “one of,” “selected from,” and “selected from” when preceding / preceding a list of elements modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. For example, the expressions “at least one of a to c” and “at least one of a, b, and c” may mean only a, only b, only c, both a and b (e.g., simultaneously), both a and c (e.g., simultaneously), both b and c (e.g., simultaneously), all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

[0066] The term "and / or" includes all combinations of one or more of the associated listed elements.

[0067] In the present application, when a layer, film, region or plate is referred to as being "on" another layer, film, region or plate or "in the upper portion of" another layer, film, region or plate, it may not only be "directly on" the other layer, film, region or plate, but also there may be intervening layers, films, regions or plates. In contrast, when a layer, film, region or plate is referred to as being "below" another layer, film, region or plate, "in the lower portion of" another layer, film, region or plate, it may not only be directly below the other layer, film, region or plate, but also there may be intervening layers, films, regions or plates. In some embodiments, it will be understood that when a component is referred to as being "on" another component, it may be disposed above the other component, or it may also be disposed below the other component.

[0068] For ease of description, terms such as "below", "above..." and / or "on" are used herein to describe the relationship of one element to another (additional) element as shown in the drawings. The terms are relative concepts and are described based on the directions indicated in the drawings. It will be understood that the terms have relative concepts and are described based on the orientations depicted in the drawings. It will be understood that, in addition to the orientations depicted in the drawings, the spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the drawings is turned over, the element described as "below" other elements or features will then be positioned as "above" or "on" the other elements or features. Therefore, the term "below..." can be included in both orientations above and below. The device can be positioned otherwise (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptors used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0069] As used herein, the term "may" will be understood to refer to "one or more embodiments of the present disclosure", some of which include the described elements, and some of which exclude the elements and / or include alternative elements. Similarly, alternative language such as "or" refers to "one or more embodiments of the present disclosure" that all include the corresponding listed items.

[0070] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including chemical terms, technical terms, and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. It will also be understood that terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless explicitly defined as such herein.

[0071] As used herein, the phrase "consisting essentially of means that any additional components will not substantially affect the chemical, physical, optical, or electrical properties of the semiconductor film.

[0072] As used herein, the phrase "on a plane" or "plan view" means viewing a target portion from the top, and the phrase "in section" means viewing a section formed by vertically cutting the target portion from the side.

[0073] In the present disclosure, "not including one or any 'component'", "excluding one or any 'component'" and / or "not containing 'component'" etc. means that the "component" is not added, selected or used as a component in the composition / structure, but due to other impurities and / or external factors, the "component" may still be included in a less than appropriate amount.

[0074] definition

[0075] In the specification, the term "substituted or unsubstituted" may refer to unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium atoms, halogen atoms, cyano groups, nitro groups, amino (amino groups), silyl groups, oxy groups, sulfenyl groups, sulfinyl groups, sulfonyl groups, carbonyl groups, boron groups, phosphine oxide groups, phosphine sulfide groups, alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, hydrocarbon ring groups, aryl groups and heterocyclic groups. In certain embodiments, each of the substituents exemplified herein may be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, biphenyl groups may be interpreted as aryl groups or phenyl groups substituted with phenyl groups.

[0076] In the specification, the phrase "bonds to an adjacent group to form a ring" may refer to a group bonding to an adjacent group to form a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle. Hydrocarbon rings include aliphatic hydrocarbon rings and aromatic hydrocarbon rings. Heterocycles include aliphatic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Hydrocarbon rings and heterocycles may be monocyclic or polycyclic. In some embodiments, the ring formed by bonding to each other may be connected to another ring to form a spiro structure.

[0077] In the specification, the term "adjacent group" may refer to a substituent that replaces an atom directly connected to an atom substituted with a corresponding substituent, another substituent that replaces an atom substituted with a corresponding substituent, or a substituent that is spatially located closest to the corresponding substituent. For example, the two methyl groups in 1,2-dimethylbenzene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other, and the two ethyl groups in 1,1-diethylcyclopentane may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other. In some embodiments, the two methyl groups in 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other.

[0078] In the specification, examples of the halogen atom may include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.

[0079] In the specification, the alkyl group may be linear or branched. The carbon number of the alkyl group is 1 to 50, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 6. Examples of the alkyl group may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butylhexyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 2-ethylheptyl, 2-butylheptyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 2-ethyloctyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyloctyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, adamantyl, 2-ethyldecyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldecyl, n-undecyl , n-dodecyl, 2-ethyldodecyl, 2-butyldodecyl, 2-hexyldodecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 2-butylhexadecyl, 2-hexylhexadecyl, 2-octylhexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, n-eicosyl, 2-ethyleicosyl, 2-butyleicosyl, 2-hexyleicosyl, 2-octyleicosyl, n-heonicosyl, n-docosyl, n-tricosyl, n-tetracosyl, n-pentacosyl, n-hexacosyl, n-heptacosyl, n-octacosyl, n-nonacosyl and / or n-triacontyl, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0080] In the specification, cycloalkyl may refer to a cyclic alkyl. The carbon number in the cycloalkyl is 3 to 50, 3 to 30, 3 to 20 or 3 to 10. Examples of cycloalkyl may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, norbornyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, isobornyl and / or bicycloheptyl, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0081] In the specification, alkenyl refers to a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon double bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. The alkenyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl group is not particularly limited, but is 2 to 30, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10. Examples of alkenyl groups include vinyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, styryl and / or styryl vinyl, etc., but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0082] In the specification, alkynyl refers to a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon triple bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. The alkynyl group may be straight chain or branched. Although the number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited, it is 2 to 30, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10. Specific examples of alkynyl groups may include ethynyl and / or propynyl, etc., but are not limited thereto.

[0083] In the specification, the hydrocarbon ring group refers to any functional group or substituent derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring. The hydrocarbon ring group may be a saturated hydrocarbon ring group having 5 to 20 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0084] In the specification, aryl refers to any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The aryl group may be a monocyclic aryl group or a polycyclic aryl group. The number of ring carbon atoms in the aryl group may be 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of aryl groups may include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, benzo[9,10]phenanthrenyl, pyrenyl, benzofluoranthenyl, and / or Base, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0085] In the specification, the fluorenyl group may be substituted, and two substituents may be combined with each other to form a spiro structure. Examples of substituted fluorenyl groups are as follows. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0086]

[0087] Heterocyclic groups herein refer to any functional group or substituent derived from a ring containing at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S and Se as a heteroatom. Heterocyclic groups include aliphatic heterocyclic groups and aromatic heterocyclic groups. Aromatic heterocyclic groups may be heteroaryl groups. Aliphatic heterocyclic rings and aromatic heterocyclic rings may be monocyclic or polycyclic.

[0088] In the specification, the heterocyclic group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, Se and S as a heteroatom. When the heterocyclic group contains two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic heterocyclic group or a polycyclic heterocyclic group, and includes a heteroaryl group. The number of ring carbon atoms in the heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10.

[0089] In the specification, the aliphatic heterocyclic group may include at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, Se, and S as a heteroatom. The number of ring carbon atoms in the aliphatic heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of the aliphatic heterocyclic group may include an oxirane group, an oxirane group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, a tetrahydrothiophenyl group, a thiol group, a tetrahydropyranyl group, and / or a 1,4-dioxanyl group, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0090] In the specification, the heteroaryl group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, Se and S as a heteroatom. When the heteroaryl group contains two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heteroaryl group may be a monocyclic heteroaryl group or a polycyclic heteroaryl group. The number of ring carbon atoms in the heteroaryl group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10. Examples of heteroaryl groups may include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, bipyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazine, triazolyl, acridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyridopyrazinyl, pyrazinopyrazinyl, isoquinolyl, indolyl, carbazolyl, N-arylcarbazolyl, N-heteroarylcarbazolyl, N-alkylcarbazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzothienyl, dibenzothienyl, thienothiphenyl, benzofuranyl, phenanthrolinyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, dibenzothirolyl and / or dibenzofuranyl, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0091] In the specification, the previous description of the aryl group may be applied to the arylene group except that the arylene group is a divalent group. The previous description of the heteroaryl group may be applied to the heteroarylene group except that the heteroarylene group is a divalent group.

[0092] In the specification, silyl includes alkylsilyl and arylsilyl. Examples of silyl may include trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, vinyldimethylsilyl, propyldimethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylsilyl and / or phenylsilyl, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0093] In the specification, the number of ring-forming carbon atoms in the carbonyl group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 40, 1 to 30, or 1 to 20. For example, the carbonyl group may have the following structure, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0094]

[0095] In the specification, the number of carbon atoms in the sulfinyl group and the sulfonyl group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 30. The sulfinyl group may include an alkylsulfinyl group and an arylsulfinyl group. The sulfonyl group may include an alkylsulfonyl group and an arylsulfonyl group.

[0096] In the specification, thio groups may include alkylthio groups and arylthio groups. A thio group may refer to a sulfur atom bonded to an alkyl group or an aryl group as defined herein. Examples of thio groups may include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, pentylthio, hexylthio, octylthio, dodecylthio, cyclopentylthio, cyclohexylthio, phenylthio, naphthylthio, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0097] In the specification, an oxy group may refer to an oxygen atom bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined herein. The oxy group may include an alkoxy group and an aryloxy group. The alkoxy group may be a straight chain, a branched chain or a ring. The number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. Examples of oxy groups may include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy and / or benzyloxy, etc., but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0098] Boryl herein may refer to a boron atom bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined herein. Boryl includes alkyl boryl and aryl boryl. Examples of boryl may include dimethyl boryl, methyl boryl, tert-butyl methyl boryl, diphenyl boryl and / or phenyl boryl, etc., but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0099] In the specification, the number of carbon atoms in the amine group is not particularly limited, but can be 1 to 30. The amine group may include an alkylamine group and an arylamine group. Examples of the amine group may include a methylamine group, a dimethylamine group, an aniline group, a diphenylamine group, a naphthylamine group and / or a 9-methyl-anthrylamine group, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0100] In the specification, an alkyl group among an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkylsulfinyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an alkylaryl group, an alkylamino group, an alkylboryl group, an alkylsilyl group, and an alkylamine group is the same as the examples of the alkyl group described herein.

[0101] In the specification, the aryl group among the aryloxy group, the arylthio group, the arylsulfinyl group, the arylsulfonyl group, the arylamino group, the arylboryl group, the arylsilyl group and the arylamine group is the same as the examples of the aryl group described herein.

[0102] In the specification, a direct key may refer to a single key.

[0103] In some embodiments, in the specification, and Indicates the location to which the connection will be made.

[0104] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0105] Display device

[0106] Figure 1 is a plan view showing one or more embodiments of a display device DD. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a display device DD according to the embodiment. Figure 2 It is shown along Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the portion taken along line II'.

[0107] The display device DD may include a display panel DP and an optical layer PP disposed on the display panel DP on a third direction axis DR3. The display panel DP includes light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The display device DD may include a plurality of light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The optical layer PP may be disposed on the display panel DP to control light reflected in the display panel DP due to external light. The optical layer PP may include, for example, a polarizing layer or a color filter layer. In some embodiments, unlike the configuration shown in the drawings, the optical layer PP may not be disposed in the display device DD of one or more embodiments.

[0108] The base substrate BL may be disposed on the optical layer PP. The base substrate BL may be a member that provides a base surface on which the optical layer PP is disposed. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the base substrate BL may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. In some embodiments, unlike the illustrated configuration, in one or more embodiments, the base substrate BL may not be provided.

[0109] The display device DD according to one or more embodiments may further include a filling layer. The filling layer may be disposed between the display element layer DP-ED and the base substrate BL. The filling layer may be an organic material layer. The filling layer may include at least one of an acrylic resin, a siloxane resin, and an epoxy resin (e.g., at least one selected from an acrylic resin, a siloxane resin, and an epoxy resin).

[0110] The display panel DP may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL disposed on the base layer BS, and a display element layer DP-ED. The display element layer DP-ED may include a pixel defining layer PDL, light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 disposed between portions of the pixel defining layer PDL, and an encapsulation layer TFE disposed on the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3.

[0111] The base layer BS may be a member providing a base surface on which the display element layer DP-ED is disposed. The base layer BS may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the base layer BS may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0112] In one or more embodiments, the circuit layer DP-CL is disposed on the base layer BS, and the circuit layer DP-CL may include a plurality of transistors. Each of the transistors may include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. For example, the circuit layer DP-CL may include a switch transistor and a driving transistor for driving the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 of the display element layer DP-ED.

[0113] Each of the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 may have a configuration according to Figures 3 to 7 Each of the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a layer selected from emission layers EML-R, EML-G and EML-B, an electron transport region ETR and a second electrode EL2.

[0114] Figure 2 One or more embodiments are shown in which the emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 are disposed in the opening OH defined in the pixel defining layer PDL, and the hole transport region HTR, the electron transport region ETR, and the second electrode EL2 are disposed as a common layer in the entire light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and Figure 2Different from the configuration shown in , the hole transport region HTR and the electron transport region ETR in one or more embodiments can be set by being patterned inside the opening OH defined in the pixel defining layer PDL. For example, the hole transport region HTR, the emission layers EML-R, EML-G and EML-B, and the electron transport region ETR of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 in one or more embodiments can be set by being patterned by an inkjet printing method.

[0115] The encapsulation layer TFE may cover the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3. The encapsulation layer TFE may seal the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3. The encapsulation layer TFE may be a thin film encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer TFE may be formed by stacking one or more layers. The encapsulation layer TFE includes at least one insulating layer. The encapsulation layer TFE according to one or more embodiments may include at least one inorganic film (hereinafter, encapsulation-inorganic film). The encapsulation layer TFE according to one or more embodiments may also include at least one organic film (hereinafter, encapsulation-organic film) and at least one encapsulation-inorganic film.

[0116] The encapsulation-inorganic film protects the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 from moisture and / or oxygen, and the encapsulation-organic film protects the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 from foreign matter such as dust particles. The encapsulation-inorganic film may include silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, and / or aluminum oxide, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not particularly limited thereto. The encapsulation-organic film may include acrylic compounds and / or epoxy compounds, etc. The encapsulation-organic film may include a photopolymerizable organic material, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not particularly limited thereto.

[0117] The encapsulation layer TFE may be disposed on the second electrode EL2 , and may be disposed to fill the opening OH.

[0118] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the display device DD may include one or more non-light emitting regions NPXA and also include light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be regions in which light generated by the corresponding light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 is emitted. The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be spaced or separated from each other on a plane (e.g., in a plan view).

[0119] Each of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be a region divided (i.e., defined) by a pixel defining layer PDL. The non-light-emitting region NPXA may be a region corresponding to the pixel defining layer PDL between adjacent light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. In some embodiments, in the specification, the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may correspond to pixels, respectively. The pixel defining layer PDL may divide the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The emission layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may be disposed in the opening OH defined in the pixel defining layer PDL and separated from each other.

[0120] The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be divided into a plurality of groups according to the colors of the lights generated from the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the display device DD of one or more embodiments shown in , three light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B that emit red light, green light, and blue light, respectively, are exemplarily shown. For example, the display device DD of one or more embodiments may include a red light emitting region PXA-R, a green light emitting region PXA-G, and a blue light emitting region PXA-B that are separated from each other.

[0121] In the display device DD according to one or more embodiments, a plurality of light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light beams having different wavelengths from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, the display device DD may include a first light emitting element ED-1 emitting red light, a second light emitting element ED-2 emitting green light, and a third light emitting element ED-3 emitting blue light. For example, a red light emitting region PXA-R, a green light emitting region PXA-G, and a blue light emitting region PXA-B of the display device DD may correspond to the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3, respectively.

[0122] However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light beams in substantially the same wavelength range, or at least one light-emitting element may emit light beams in a wavelength range different from the wavelength range of the other light-emitting elements. For example, the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may all emit blue light.

[0123] The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B in the display device DD according to one or more embodiments may be arranged in a stripe form. Figure 1, a plurality of red light emitting regions PXA-R may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2, a plurality of green light emitting regions PXA-G may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2, and a plurality of blue light emitting regions PXA-B may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2. In some embodiments, the red light emitting regions PXA-R, the green light emitting regions PXA-G, and the blue light emitting regions PXA-B may be arranged alternately with each other in this order along the first direction axis DR1.

[0124] Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is shown that all the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B have similar areas, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Therefore, the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have different areas from each other according to the wavelength range of the emitted light. In this case, the areas of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may refer to the areas when viewed on a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2.

[0125] In some embodiments, the arrangement of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B is not limited to Figure 1 , and according to the characteristics of the display quality required in the display device DD, the sequence in which the red light emitting area PXA-R, the green light emitting area PXA-G, and the blue light emitting area PXA-B are arranged can be provided in one or more suitable combinations. For example, the arrangement form of the light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be pentile Layout or diamond )Layout( and Diamond is a registered trademark owned by Samsung Display Co., Ltd.).

[0126] In some embodiments, the areas of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be different from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, the area of ​​the green light-emitting region PXA-G may be smaller than the area of ​​the blue light-emitting region PXA-B, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0127] In the following, Figures 3 to 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments. Each of the light emitting elements ED according to one or more embodiments may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, an emission layer EML, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 sequentially stacked.

[0128] and Figure 3 compared to, Figure 4 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, wherein the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL and a hole transport layer HTL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL and an electron transport layer ETL. Figure 3 compared to, Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments is shown, wherein the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL, and an electron blocking layer EBL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL, an electron transport layer ETL, and a hole blocking layer HBL. Figure 3 compared to, Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments is shown, wherein the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL and an emission auxiliary layer EAL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL, an electron transport layer ETL and a hole blocking layer HBL. Figure 4 compared to, Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments is shown, the light emitting element ED including a cover layer CPL disposed on the second electrode EL2.

[0129] The first electrode EL1 has conductivity (for example, is a conductor). The first electrode EL1 may be formed of a metal material, a metal alloy, or a conductive compound. The first electrode EL1 may be an anode or a cathode. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 may be a transmissive electrode, a transflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. The first electrode EL1 may include at least one selected from Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, and Zn, a compound selected from two or more thereof, a mixture selected from two or more thereof, and / or an oxide thereof.

[0130] When the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include a transparent metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO). When the first electrode EL1 is a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, a compound or mixture thereof (e.g., a mixture of Ag and Mg), or a material having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca (a stacking structure of LiF and Ca), LiF / Al (a stacking structure of LiF and Al). In some embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective film or a transflective film formed of the materials described herein and a transparent conductive film formed of ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or ITZO, etc. For example, the first electrode EL1 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first electrode EL1 may include the metal material described herein, a combination of at least two of the metal materials described herein, and / or an oxide of the metal material described herein, etc. The thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be about 700 angstroms. to about For example, the thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be about to about

[0131] The hole transport region HTR is disposed on the first electrode EL1. The hole transport region HTR may include at least one of a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL, an emission auxiliary layer EAL, and an electron blocking layer EBL. The thickness of the hole transport region HTR may be, for example, about 100 Å. to about The emission assistance layer EAL may be referred to as a buffer layer.

[0132] The hole transport region HTR may have a single layer formed of a single material, a single layer formed of a plurality of different materials, or a multi-layered structure including a plurality of layers formed of a plurality of different materials.

[0133] For example, the hole transport region HTR may have a single layer structure of a hole injection layer HIL or a hole transport layer HTL, or may have a single layer structure formed of a hole injection material and a hole transport material. In some embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may have a single layer structure formed of a plurality of different materials or a structure in which a hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL, a hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / emission auxiliary layer EAL, a hole injection layer HIL / emission auxiliary layer EAL, a hole transport layer HTL / emission auxiliary layer EAL, or a hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / emission auxiliary layer EBL are stacked in sequence from the first electrode EL1, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0134] The hole transport region HTR may be formed using one or more suitable methods such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, an inkjet printing method, a laser printing method, and a laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0135] The hole transport region HTR may include a compound represented by Formula H-1.

[0136] Formula H-1

[0137]

[0138] In formula H-1, L 1 and L 2 L and L may be independently a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. a and b may be independently an integer from 0 to 10. In some embodiments, when a or b is an integer of 2 or more, multiple L 1 or more L 2 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0139] In formula H-1, Ar 1 and Ar 2 and Ar may be independently substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 3 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0140] The compound represented by formula H-1 herein may be a monoamine compound. In some embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 herein may be wherein Ar 1 To Ar 3 At least one of (for example, selected from Ar 1 To Ar 3 In some embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 herein may be a diamine compound in which Ar 1 and Ar 2 A carbazole compound comprising a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group in at least one of the following: 1 and Ar 2 A fluorene compound in which at least one of the compounds includes a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group.

[0141] The compound represented by Formula H-1 may be represented by any one selected from the compounds in Compound Group H. However, the compounds listed in Compound Group H are examples, and the compound represented by Formula H-1 is not limited to the compounds represented by Compound Group H.

[0142] Compound Group H

[0143]

[0144] The hole transport region HTR may include a phthalocyanine compound (such as copper phthalocyanine), N 1 ,N 1 '-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(N 1 -phenyl-N 4 ,N 4 -dimethylphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine) (DNTPD), 4,4',4"-[tri(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4',4"-tri(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4',4"-tri[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), triphenylamine-containing polyetherketone (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4'-methyldiphenyliodonium [tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate] and dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexanitrile (HAT-CN), etc.

[0145] The hole transport region HTR may include at least one selected from carbazole derivatives (such as N-phenylcarbazole or polyvinylcarbazole), fluorene derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives (such as N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD) or 4,4',4"-tri(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA)), N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), 4,4'-cyclohexylene-bis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD) and 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP).

[0146] In some embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may include 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi), 9-phenyl-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (CCP) and / or 1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzene (mDCP), etc.

[0147] The hole transport region HTR may include the compound of the hole transport region HTR described herein in at least one of the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, the emission auxiliary layer EAL, and the electron blocking layer EBL.

[0148] The thickness of the hole transport region HTR may be about to about (For example, about to about ). When the hole transport region HTR includes the hole injection layer HIL, the hole injection layer HIL may have, for example, about to about When the hole transport region HTR includes the hole transport layer HTL, the hole transport layer HTL may have a thickness of about To date For example, when the hole transport region HTR includes the electron blocking layer EBL, the electron blocking layer EBL may have a thickness of about to about When the thicknesses of the hole transport region HTR, the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, and the electron blocking layer EBL satisfy the ranges described herein, satisfactory hole transport properties may be achieved without significantly increasing driving voltage.

[0149] In addition to the materials described herein, the hole transport region HTR may further include a charge generating material to increase conductivity. The charge generating material may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region HTR. The charge generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may include at least one of a halogenated metal compound, a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano compound, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the p-dopant may include a halogenated metal compound (such as CuI or RbI), a quinone derivative (such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F 4 -TCNQ)), metal oxides (such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide), cyano compounds (such as dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexanitrile (HAT-CN) and / or 4-[[2,3-bis[cyano-(4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)methylene]cyclopropyl]-cyanomethyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile (NDP9)), etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0150] As described herein, in addition to the hole injection layer HIL and the hole transport layer HTL, the hole transport region HTR may further include at least one of an emission auxiliary layer EAL and an electron blocking layer EBL. The emission auxiliary layer EAL may compensate for the resonance distance according to the wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer EML, and may adjust the hole charge balance to increase the luminous efficiency. In some embodiments, the emission auxiliary layer EAL may be used to prevent or reduce electron injection into the hole transport region HTR. Materials that may be included in the hole transport region HTR may be included in the emission auxiliary layer EAL. The electron blocking layer EBL is a layer for preventing or reducing electron injection from the electron transport region ETR into the hole transport region HTR.

[0151] In the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments. In the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include at least one compound of the second compound and the third compound and a first compound as a polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments. In some embodiments, in the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may further include a fourth compound. The second compound may include a tricyclic fused ring including a nitrogen atom as a ring-forming atom. The third compound may include a hexagonal ring group including at least one nitrogen atom as a ring-forming atom. The fourth compound may include an organic metal complex. The second compound to the fourth compound are described in more detail elsewhere herein.

[0152] Polycyclic compounds

[0153] In this specification, the first compound may be referred to as a polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments. The polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments includes a five-ring fused ring containing two nitrogen (N) atoms and one boron (B) atom as a ring-forming atom as a core structure. In some embodiments, the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may include two terphenyls bonded to the five-ring fused ring core structure and a polycyclic connecting two terphenyls. Since two terphenyls, polycyclics connecting two terphenyls and a five-ring fused ring core structure can be combined with each other, the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may have a cyclized structure.

[0154] In some embodiments, the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may include a substituent with large steric hindrance, etc., and may have a spherical structure in three dimensions. Due to the characteristics of the three-dimensional shape of the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments, the aggregation and / or interaction between the molecules of the polycyclic compound may be reduced, and therefore, the polycyclic compound may have excellent or suitable material stability.

[0155] In the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments, the five-ring fused ring core structure may be protected by a substituent, etc., and thus, the material stability of the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be improved. For example, in the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments, the five-ring fused ring core structure may have a molecular form surrounded and protected by a substituent, etc., and the P orbital of the B atom as an atom forming the five-ring fused ring core structure may be well protected by a substituent, etc., thereby enhancing the material stability.

[0156] In some embodiments, due to the three-dimensional structural characteristics of the polycyclic compound having a cyclized structure formed by a substituent and / or a linker, etc. according to one or more embodiments, a five-ring fused ring core corresponding to a multiple resonance core in which a luminescence-related transition occurs can be protected. In some embodiments, in the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments, due to the three-dimensional structural characteristics, the molecular planarity can be reduced, thereby increasing the distance between adjacent molecules, so that the Dexter transition can be reduced, and side reactions such as triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) that cause intermolecular interactions other than transitions for luminescence can be reduced, thereby achieving excellent or suitable stability.

[0157] The light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may include the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments. The polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be represented by Formula 1.

[0158] Formula 1

[0159]

[0160] In Formula 1, X can be O, S, Se, NR a or CR b R c In some embodiments, R a To R c Each of them may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, R a To R c They may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0161] In formula 1, R 1 To R 9 They may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and may be optionally bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0162] In formula 1, R 1 and R 2 At least one of (for example, selected from R 1 and R 2 At least one of the above) may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 and R 2 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0163] In formula 1, R 3 It may be a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 3It may be a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0164] In the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 according to one or more embodiments, at least one of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a deuterium atom, for example, selected from R 1 To R 9 and R a To R c For example, in the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1, not only the hydrogen atoms forming the fused ring core, the terphenyl derivative, and the polycyclic rings connecting the terphenyl derivative, but also the hydrogen atoms in the substituents respectively replacing them may be substituted with deuterium atoms.

[0165] In one or more embodiments, the polycyclic compound in Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 1-1 to Formula 1-4.

[0166] Formula 1-1

[0167]

[0168] Formula 1-2

[0169]

[0170] Formula 1-3

[0171]

[0172] Formula 1-4

[0173]

[0174] In Formula 1-1 to Formula 1-4, the description of Formula 1 described previously can also be applied to R 1 To R 9 In formula 1-4, R a It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms substituted with deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0175] In the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 etc. according to one or more embodiments, a polycyclic ring including (e.g., containing) X as a three-ring atom can be used as a linker to connect two terphenyl derivatives to each other. The five-ring fused ring core can be protected by the polycyclic ring of the three rings and the terphenyl derivative connected thereto. In some embodiments, the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may include R 1 or R 2 The sterically hindered substituent substituted at the position of can reduce the intermolecular interaction of the polycyclic compound, thereby achieving excellent or suitable material stability.

[0176] The polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be represented by any one of the compounds selected from compound group 1. The light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may include at least one of the compounds selected from compound group 1. In compound group 1, D is a deuterium atom.

[0177] Compound Group 1

[0178]

[0179]

[0180]

[0181]

[0182]

[0183]

[0184]

[0185]

[0186]

[0187]

[0188]

[0189]

[0190]

[0191] Fig. 8A and Figure 8B are images each showing a 3D structure of a polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments. Fig. 8A and Figure 8BThe 3D structure of Compound 157 among the compounds of Compound Group 1 is shown. Fig. 8A The 3D structure of compound 157 when viewed from the front is shown. Figure 8B The 3D structure of compound 157 when viewed from the bottom is shown.

[0192] Reference Fig. 8A and Figure 8B , it can be confirmed that the fused ring core CR is partially surrounded by a substituent, etc. For example, it can be seen that the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments has a cyclized structure due to the fused ring core CR, the substituent substituted therewith, and the polycyclic ring of three rings connected between the substituents when viewed as the entire molecule.

[0193] For example, the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may have a three-dimensional cyclized structure, and its planarity may be suppressed or reduced so that intermolecular interactions may be reduced, and the polycyclic compound may have a structure in which a fused ring core is surrounded and protected by substituents, etc., thereby exhibiting excellent or suitable material stability.

[0194] The light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments including the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may have high efficiency and long life characteristics. Specifically, the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments including the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments having improved material stability in the emission layer EML may have excellent or suitable life characteristics.

[0195] In the light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may be a delayed fluorescence emission layer including a host and a dopant. More specifically, the emission layer EML may emit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be a delayed fluorescence dopant. Specifically, the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be a thermally activated delayed fluorescence dopant.

[0196] The emission layer EML may include a polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments as a dopant. The polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may emit blue light. For example, the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be a luminescent material having an emission center wavelength in a wavelength region of about 430 nanometers (nm) to about 490 nm. Specifically, the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be a luminescent material having an emission center wavelength in a wavelength region of about 450 nm to about 470 nm.

[0197] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments, and include at least one of the second compound to the fourth compound (e.g., at least one selected from the second compound to the fourth compound). In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a second compound represented by formula HT-1. For example, the second compound may be used as a hole transport host material of the emission layer EML.

[0198] Formula HT-1

[0199]

[0200] In formula HT-1, A 1 To A 8 can be independently N or CR 51 For example, A 1 To A 8 All can be CR 51 In some embodiments, selected from A 1 To A 8 Any one of them can be N, and the rest (i.e., any remaining A 1 To A 8 ) can be CR 51 .

[0201] In formula HT-1, L 1 It may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 It may be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent biphenyl group, and / or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent carbazole group, etc., but one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0202] In formula HT-1, Y a Can be direct key, CR 52 R 53 or SiR 54 R 55 For example, it can refer to two benzene rings connected by a direct bond, is connected to the nitrogen atom in Formula HT-1. In Formula HT-1, when Y a When it is a direct bond, the second compound represented by Formula HT-1 may include a carbazole moiety.

[0203] In formula HT-1, Ar 1 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1It may be a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, and / or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, etc., but one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0204] In formula HT-1, R 51 To R 55 and R and R are independently hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, halogen atoms, cyano groups, substituted or unsubstituted silyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted sulfenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted oxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted amine groups, substituted or unsubstituted boron groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, R 51 To R 55 Each of these groups may optionally combine with an adjacent group to form a ring. 51 To R 55 R may each independently be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. 51 To R 55 Each may independently be an unsubstituted methyl group or an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0205] In one or more embodiments, the second compound represented by Formula HT-1 may be represented by any one selected from among the compounds set forth in Compound Group 2. The emission layer EML may include at least one selected from among the compounds set forth in Compound Group 2 as a hole transport host material.

[0206] Compound Group 2

[0207]

[0208]

[0209]

[0210] Among the specific compounds set forth in compound group 2, "D" may refer to a deuterium atom, and "Ph" may refer to a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. For example, among the specific compounds set forth in compound group 2, "Ph" may be an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0211] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a third compound represented by Formula ET-1. For example, the third compound may be used as an electron transport host material of the emission layer EML.

[0212] Formula ET-1

[0213]

[0214] In formula ET-1, X 1 To X 3 can be independently N or CR 56 , and selected from X 1 To X 3 At least one of them may be N (e.g., selected from X 1 To X 3 At least one of them may be N, and the rest may be CR 56 ). For example, select X 1 To X 3 Any one of them can be N, and the rest (i.e., the two remaining X 1 To X 3 ) can be independently CR 56 In this case, the third compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a pyridine moiety. In some embodiments, X 1 To X 3 Two of them can be N, and the rest (i.e., one remaining X 1 To X 3 ) can be CR 56 In this case, the third compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a pyrimidine moiety. In some embodiments, X 1 To X 3 All may be N. In this case, the third compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a triazine moiety.

[0215] In formula ET-1, R 56 It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms.

[0216] In Formula ET-1, b1 to b3 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 10.

[0217] In formula ET-1, Ar 2 To Ar 4 and R and R are independently hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 2 To Ar 4 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group.

[0218] In formula ET-1, L2 To L 4 and L are independently a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, when b1 to b3 are integers of 2 or greater, L 2 To L 4 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0219] In one or more embodiments, the third compound may be represented by any one of the compounds selected from the compound group 3. The light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may include any one of the compounds selected from the compound group 3.

[0220] Compound Group 3

[0221]

[0222]

[0223]

[0224]

[0225]

[0226]

[0227]

[0228] Among the (eg, specific) compounds presented in Compound Group 3, "D" refers to a deuterium atom, and "Ph" refers to an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0229] The emission layer EML may include a second compound and a third compound, and the second compound and the third compound may form an exciplex. In the emission layer EML, the exciplex may be formed by a hole transport host and an electron transport host. In this case, the triplet energy of the exciplex formed by the hole transport host and the electron transport host may correspond to the energy level difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the electron transport host and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the hole transport host.

[0230] For example, the triplet (T1) energy level of the exciplex formed by the hole transport host and the electron transport host may have an absolute value of about 2.4 electron volts (eV) to about 3.0 eV. In some embodiments, the exciplex may have a triplet energy value smaller than the energy gap of each of the host materials. The exciplex may have a triplet energy less than about 3.0 eV (which is the energy gap of each of the hole transport host and the electron transport host).

[0231] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may further include a fourth compound in addition to the first to third compounds described previously. The fourth compound may be used as a phosphorescence sensitizer of the emission layer EML. Energy transfer from the fourth compound to the first compound may cause light emission.

[0232] For example, the emission layer EML may include an organic metal complex as the fourth compound, the organic metal complex including platinum (Pt) as a core metal atom and including a ligand bonded to the core metal atom. In the light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a compound represented by Formula D-1 as the fourth compound.

[0233] Formula D-1

[0234]

[0235] In formula D-1, Q 1 To Q 4 Each of C1 to C4 may independently be C or N. Each of C1 to C4 may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0236] In formula D-1, L 11 To L 13 Can be directly keyed, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 11 To L 13 middle, Refers to the part connected to C1 to C4.

[0237] In Formula D-1, b11 to b13 may each independently be 0 or 1. When b11 is 0, C1 and C2 may not be connected to each other. When b12 is 0, C2 and C3 may not be connected to each other. When b13 is 0, C3 and C4 may not be connected to each other.

[0238] In formula D-1, R61 To R 66 and R and R are independently hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, halogen atoms, cyano groups, substituted or unsubstituted silyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted sulfenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted oxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted amine groups, substituted or unsubstituted boron groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, R 61 To R 66 They may both be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. 61 To R 66 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group.

[0239] In Formula D-1, d1 to d4 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 4. In Formula D-1, when each of d1 to d4 is 0, the fourth compound may not be R 61 To R 64 When each of d1 to d4 is 4 and R 61 To R 64 When each of d1 to d4 is a hydrogen atom, the case may be the same as the case where each of d1 to d4 is 0. When each of d1 to d4 is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R 61 To R 64 Can all be the same, or can be provided as multiple R 61 To R 64 At least one of (for example, selected from R provided as a plurality of 61 To R 64 At least one of the groups) may be different (eg, different from the other groups).

[0240] In Formula D-1, C1 to C4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring represented by any one selected from C-1 to C-4.

[0241]

[0242] In C-1 to C-4, P 1 Can be or CR 74 , P 2 Can be or NR 81 , P 3 Can be or NR 82 , P 4 Can be or CR 88 . R 71 To R 88 Each may be independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and may be optionally bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0243] In some embodiments, in C-1 to C-4, is a portion connected to Pt as a core metal atom, and Corresponding to the adjacent ring groups C1 to C4 or the linking group L 11 To L 13 Connected part.

[0244] The emission layer EML according to one or more embodiments may include a first compound as a polycyclic compound and at least one of the second compound to the fourth compound (e.g., at least one selected from the second compound to the fourth compound). For example, the emission layer EML may include a first compound, a second compound, and a third compound. In the emission layer EML, the second compound and the third compound may form an exciplex, and energy transfer from the exciplex to the first compound may cause light emission.

[0245] In some embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a first compound, a second compound, a third compound, and a fourth compound. In the emission layer EML, the second compound and the third compound may form an exciplex, and energy transfer from the fourth compound to the first compound may cause light emission. In one or more embodiments, the fourth compound may be a sensitizer. In the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments, the fourth compound included in the emission layer EML may be used as a sensitizer, and thus energy transfer from the host to the first compound as a light-emitting dopant may be performed. For example, the fourth compound used as an auxiliary dopant may accelerate energy transfer to the first compound as a light-emitting dopant, thereby increasing the light emission rate of the first compound. Therefore, the emission layer EML according to one or more embodiments may have improved luminous efficiency. In some embodiments, when the energy transfer to the first compound increases, the excitons formed in the emission layer EML may quickly emit light without accumulating inside the emission layer EML, thereby reducing the degradation of the light-emitting element ED. Therefore, the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may have an improved lifespan.

[0246] The light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may include all of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound, and thus the emission layer EML may include a combination of two host materials and two dopant materials. In the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may simultaneously (e.g., concurrently) include the second compound and the third compound as two different hosts, the first compound emitting delayed fluorescence, and the fourth compound including an organic metal complex, thereby exhibiting excellent or suitable luminous efficiency characteristics.

[0247] In one or more embodiments, the fourth compound represented by Formula D-1 may be represented by at least one of the compounds proposed in Compound Group 4 (e.g., at least one selected from the compounds proposed in Compound Group 4). The emission layer EML may include at least one selected from the compounds proposed in Compound Group 4 as a sensitizer material.

[0248] Compound Group 4

[0249]

[0250]

[0251] Among the (eg, specific) compounds set forth in Compound Group 4, "D" refers to a deuterium atom.

[0252] In the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments, when the emission layer EML includes all of the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound described previously, the content (e.g., amount) of the first compound may be about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt% relative to the total weight of the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound. However, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. When the content (e.g., amount) of the first compound falls within the above-mentioned ratio range, energy transfer from the second compound and the third compound to the first compound may be increased, and therefore, the luminous efficiency and life of the light-emitting element ED may be increased.

[0253] In the emission layer EML, the content (e.g., amount) of the second compound and the third compound may be the remainder other than the weight of the first compound. For example, in the emission layer EML, the content (e.g., amount) of the second compound and the third compound may be about 65 wt % to about 95 wt % relative to the total weight of the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound.

[0254] A weight ratio of the second compound to the third compound may be about 3:7 to about 7:3 relative to the total weight of the second compound and the third compound.

[0255] When the content (e.g., amount) of the second compound and the third compound falls within the above-mentioned ratio range, the charge balance characteristics in the emission layer EML can be improved, and thus the luminous efficiency and life of the light-emitting element ED can be increased. When the content (e.g., amount) of the second compound and the third compound is outside the above-mentioned ratio range, the charge balance in the emission layer EML may be destroyed, so that the luminous efficiency may be reduced, and the light-emitting element ED may be easily degraded.

[0256] When the emission layer EML includes the fourth compound, the content (e.g., amount) of the fourth compound may be about 10 wt% to about 30 wt% relative to the total weight of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound. However, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. When the content (e.g., amount) of the fourth compound falls within the above-mentioned content (e.g., amount) range, energy transfer from the host to the first compound as a light-emitting dopant may be increased, so that the light emission rate may be improved, and thus, the light emission efficiency of the emission layer EML may be improved. When the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound included in the emission layer EML fall within the above-mentioned content (e.g., amount) ratio range, excellent or suitable light emission efficiency and long life may be achieved.

[0257] The emission layer EML may have a thickness of, for example, about to about or about to about The emission layer EML may have a single layer formed of a single material, a single layer formed of a plurality of different materials, or a multilayer structure including a plurality of layers formed of a plurality of different materials.

[0258] exist Figures 3 to 7 In the light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments shown in , the emission layer EML may include the above-mentioned polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments as a dopant. In some embodiments, Figures 3 to 7 In the light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments shown in , the emission layer EML may include a first compound which is a polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments and at least one selected from the second compound represented by Formula HT-1 and the third compound represented by Formula ET-1. In some embodiments, Figures 3 to 7 In the light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments shown in , the emission layer EML may include a first compound which is a polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments, a second compound represented by formula HT-1, a third compound represented by formula ET-1, and a fourth compound represented by formula D-1.

[0259] In the light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may further include anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, fluoranthene derivatives, Derivatives, dihydrobenzanthracene derivatives and / or benzo[9,10]phenanthrene derivatives. For example, the emission layer EML may further include anthracene derivatives and / or pyrene derivatives.

[0260] exist Figures 3 to 7 In each light emitting element ED of the embodiment shown in , the emission layer EML may include a host and a dopant, for example, the emission layer EML may further include a compound represented by Formula E-1.

[0261] Formula E-1

[0262]

[0263] In formula E-1, R 31 To R 40 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and may optionally be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. In some embodiments, R 31 To R 40 It may be optionally bonded to an adjacent group to form a saturated hydrocarbon ring, an unsaturated hydrocarbon ring, a saturated heterocyclic ring, or an unsaturated heterocyclic ring.

[0264] In Formula E-1, c and d may each independently be an integer of 0 to 5.

[0265] Formula E-1 may be represented by any one selected from Compound E1 to Compound E19.

[0266]

[0267]

[0268] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may further include a compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b. The compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b may be used as a phosphorescent host material.

[0269] Formula E-2a

[0270]

[0271] In Formula E-2a, a may be an integer from 0 to 10, L aIt can be a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, when a is an integer of 2 or greater, multiple L a Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0272] In some embodiments, in Formula E-2a, A 1 To A 5 can be independently N or CR i . R a To R i Each of them may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and may optionally be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. a To R i It may be optionally bonded to an adjacent group to form a hydrocarbon ring or a heterocyclic ring containing N, O and / or S etc. as ring-constituting atoms.

[0273] In some embodiments, in Formula E-2a, selected from A 1 To A 5 Two or three of them may be N, and the remainder (i.e., any remaining A 1 To A 5 Each of ) can be CR i .

[0274] Formula E-2b

[0275]

[0276] In Formula E-2b, Cbz1 and Cbz2 may each independently be an unsubstituted carbazolyl group or a carbazolyl group substituted with an aromatic group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms. b is a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, b is an integer from 0 to 10, and when b is an integer of 2 or more, multiple L b Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0277] The compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b may be represented by any one of the compounds selected from Compound Group E-2. However, the compounds listed in Compound Group E-2 are examples, and the compounds represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b are not limited to the compounds represented in Compound Group E-2.

[0278] Compound Group E-2

[0279]

[0280]

[0281] The emission layer EML may include a compound represented by Formula Ma. The compound represented by Formula Ma may be used as a phosphorescent dopant material.

[0282] Formula Ma

[0283]

[0284] In the formula here, Y 1 To Y 4 and Z 1 To Z 4 Can be CR independently 1 or N, R 1 To R 4 Can be each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and optionally can be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. In formula Ma, m is 0 or 1, and n is 2 or 3. In formula Ma, when m is 0, n is 3, and when m is 1, n is 2.

[0285] The compound represented by the formula Ma may be used as a phosphorescent dopant.

[0286] The compound represented by the formula Ma may be represented by any one of the compounds M-a1 to M-a25. However, the compounds M-a1 to M-a25 are examples, and the compound represented by the formula Ma is not limited to the compounds represented by the compounds M-a1 to M-a25.

[0287]

[0288]

[0289] The emission layer EML may further include a compound represented by any one selected from Formula Fa to Formula Fc. The compound represented by Formula Fa to Formula Fc may be used as a fluorescent dopant material.

[0290] Formula

[0291]

[0292] In the formula Fa here, R a To R j Two of them can be independently substituted with *-NAr 1 Ar 2 . R a To R j Among the unrecognized 1 Ar 2 The other substituted groups may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0293] In *-NAr 1 Ar 2 in Ar 1 and Ar 2 and Ar may be independently substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 and Ar 2 At least one of may be a heteroaryl group containing O or S as a ring-forming atom.

[0294] Formula Fb

[0295]

[0296] In the formula Fb here, R a and R b Each of them may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and may optionally be bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring. Ar 1 To Ar 4 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0297] In Formula Fb, U and V may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 To Ar 4 At least one of them may be a heteroaryl group containing O or S as a ring-forming atom.

[0298] In formula Fb, the number of rings represented by U and V can be 0 or 1 independently. For example, in formula Fb, it means that when the number of U or V is 1, one ring constitutes a fused ring at the portion represented by U or V, and when the number of U or V is 0, the ring represented by U or V does not exist. For example, when the number of U is 0 and the number of V is 1, or when the number of U is 1 and the number of V is 0, the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with four rings. In some embodiments, when the respective numbers of U and V are 0, the fused ring in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with three rings. In some embodiments, when the respective numbers of U and V are 1, the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with five rings.

[0299] Formula Fc

[0300]

[0301] In Formula Fc, A 1 and A 2 can be independently O, S, Se or NR m , and R m It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 To R 11 Each may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and may be optionally bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0302] In Formula Fc, A 1 and A 2 can each independently bind to a substituent of an adjacent ring to form a fused ring. 1 and A 2 can be independently NRm When A 1 Can be combined with R 4 or R 5 To form a ring. In some embodiments, A 2 Can be combined with R 7 or R 8 to form a ring.

[0303] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may also include a styryl derivative (e.g., 1,4-bis[2-(3-N-ethylcarbazolyl)vinyl]benzene (BCzVB), 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4'-[(di-p-tolylamino)styryl]stilbene (DPAVB), N-(4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styryl)naphthalene-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl) -N-phenylaniline (N-BDAVBi) and 4,4'-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi)), perylene and its derivatives (for example, 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (TBP)) and / or pyrene and its derivatives (for example, 1,1'-dipyrene, 1,4-dipyrenylbenzene, 1,4-bis(N,N-diphenylamino)pyrene), etc. as suitable dopant materials.

[0304] The emission layer EML may also include a suitable phosphorescent dopant material. For example, a metal complex containing iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb) or thulium (Tm) may be used as a phosphorescent dopant. For example, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine-N,C2') pyridinecarboxylate iridium (III) (FIrpic), bis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridine)-tetra(1-pyrazolyl) borate iridium (III) (FIr6) or octaethylporphyrin platinum (PtOEP) may be used as a phosphorescent dopant. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0305] The emission layer EML may include a quantum dot material. The core of the quantum dot may be selected from II-VI group compounds, I-II-VI group compounds, II-IV-VI group compounds, I-II-IV-VI group compounds, II-IV-V group compounds, III-VI group compounds, I-III-VI group compounds, III-V group compounds, III-II-V group compounds, IV-VI group compounds, IV group elements, IV group compounds, and combinations thereof.

[0306] The II-VI compound can be selected from the group consisting of: a binary compound selected from the group consisting of CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS and mixtures thereof; a ternary compound selected from the group consisting of CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZ nSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS and mixtures thereof; and a quaternary compound selected from the group consisting of HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe and mixtures thereof.

[0307] III-VI compounds may include: binary compounds such as In 2 S 3 or In 2 Se 3 ; Ternary compounds such as InGaS 3 or InGaSe 3 ; or any combination thereof.

[0308] The I-III-VI group compound can be selected from: a ternary compound selected from AgInS, AgInS 2 、CuInS、CuInS 2 、AgGaS 2 、CuGaS 2 、CuGaO 2 、AgGaO 2 、AgAlO 2 and mixtures thereof; or quaternary compounds such as AgInGaS 2 or CuInGaS 2 .

[0309] The III-V compound may be selected from the group consisting of: a binary compound selected from the group consisting of GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, and mixtures thereof; a ternary compound selected from the group consisting of GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, and mixtures thereof; and a quaternary compound selected from the group consisting of GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the III-V compound may also include a Group II metal. For example, InZnP or the like may be selected as the III-II-V group compound.

[0310] The IV-VI compound may be selected from the group consisting of: a binary compound selected from the group consisting of SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe and mixtures thereof; a ternary compound selected from the group consisting of SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe and mixtures thereof; and a quaternary compound selected from the group consisting of SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe and mixtures thereof. The IV group element may be selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge and mixtures thereof. The IV group compound may be a binary compound selected from the group consisting of SiC, SiGe and mixtures thereof.

[0311] Each element included in a multi-element (i.e., multi-element) compound (such as a binary compound, a ternary compound, or a quaternary compound) may be present in the particle in a substantially uniform or substantially non-uniform concentration distribution. For example, the chemical formula refers to the type (species) of the element included in the compound, and the ratio of the elements in the compound may be different. For example, AgInGaS 2 Can refer to AgIn x Ga 1-x S 2 (where x is a real number between 0 and 1).

[0312] In some embodiments, the quantum dot may have a single structure or a core-shell dual structure in which the concentration of each element included in the quantum dot is substantially uniform. For example, the material included in the core may be different from the material included in the shell.

[0313] The shell of the quantum dot can be used as a protective layer to prevent or reduce chemical deformation of the core to maintain semiconductor properties, and / or as a charged layer to give the quantum dot electrophoretic properties. The shell can be a single layer or multiple layers. The interface between the core and the shell can have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of the element present in the shell becomes lower toward the center.

[0314] Examples of the shell of a quantum dot may include metal oxides or non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, or combinations thereof. For example, the metal oxide or non-metal oxide may be a binary compound such as SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、ZnO、MnO、Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , CuO, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 or NiO; or ternary compounds such as MgAl 2 O 4 、CoFe 2 O 4 、NiFe 2 O 4 or CoMn 2 O 4 , but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0315] In addition, examples of semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP and / or AlSb, etc., but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0316] Each element included in a polynary compound (such as a binary compound or a ternary compound) may be present in the particle in a substantially uniform or substantially non-uniform concentration distribution. For example, a chemical formula refers to the type (species) of elements included in the compound, and the element ratios in the compound may be different.

[0317] The quantum dots may have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission wavelength spectrum of about 45 nm or less, about 40 nm or less, or about 30 nm or less, and within the above range, color purity or color reproducibility may be improved. In some embodiments, light emitted by such quantum dots is emitted in all directions, thus improving a wide viewing angle.

[0318] In some embodiments, the form of quantum dots is not particularly limited as long as it is a form commonly used in the art. More specifically, quantum dots in the form of spherical nanoparticles, pyramidal nanoparticles, multi-arm nanoparticles or cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers and / or nanoplates can be used.

[0319] By adjusting the size of the quantum dots or adjusting the element ratio in the quantum dot compound, the energy band gap can be controlled, and thus light in one or more suitable wavelength ranges can be obtained in the quantum dot emission layer. Therefore, quantum dots as described herein (using quantum dots of different sizes or quantum dot compounds of different element ratios) can be used, so that a light-emitting element ED emitting light in one or more suitable wavelengths can be realized. For example, the size of the quantum dots or the element ratio in the quantum dot compound can be selected to emit red light, green light, and / or blue light. In some embodiments, quantum dots can be configured to emit white light by combining one or more suitable colors of light.

[0320] exist Figures 3 to 7 In each of the light emitting elements ED of the embodiment shown in , the electron transport region ETR is disposed on the emission layer EML. The electron transport region ETR may include at least one of a hole blocking layer HBL, an electron transport layer ETL, and an electron injection layer EIL, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0321] The electron transport region ETR may have a single layer formed of a single material, a single layer formed of a plurality of different materials, or a multilayer structure including a plurality of layers formed of a plurality of different materials.

[0322] For example, the electron transport region ETR may have a single layer structure of an electron injection layer EIL or an electron transport layer ETL, and may have a single layer structure formed of an electron injection material and an electron transport material. In some embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may have a single layer structure formed of a plurality of different materials, or may have a structure in which an electron transport layer ETL / electron injection layer EIL, a hole blocking layer HBL / electron transport layer ETL / electron injection layer EIL are stacked in sequence from the emission layer EML, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The electron transport region ETR may have, for example, about to about Thickness.

[0323] The electron transport region ETR may be formed using one or more suitable methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB), inkjet printing, laser printing, and / or laser induced thermal imaging (LITI).

[0324] The electron transport region ETR may include a compound represented by Formula ET-2.

[0325] Formula ET-2

[0326]

[0327] In formula ET-2, selected from X 1 To X 3 At least one of them may be N, and the rest (e.g., any remaining X 1 To X 3 or the remaining X 1 To X 3 Each of ) can be CR a . R a It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 1 To Ar 3 Each may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0328] In Formula ET-2, a to c may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10. In Formula ET-2, L 1 To L 3 and L are independently a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, when a to c are independently an integer of 2 or more, L 1 To L 3 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0329] The electron transport region ETR may include an anthracene compound. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the electron transport region ETR may include, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq 3), 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridyl)-phenyl-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3'-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthylanthracene, 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl 1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 3-(4-biphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthalene-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole ( t Bu-PBD), bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-hydroxy)aluminum (BAlq), bis(benzoquinoline-10-hydroxy)beryllium (Bebq 2 ), 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 1,3-bis[3,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB) or a mixture thereof.

[0330] The electron transport region ETR may include at least one selected from compounds ET1 to ET36.

[0331]

[0332]

[0333]

[0334] In some embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may include: metal halides such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, RbI, CuI, and KI; lanthanide metals such as Yb; and co-deposited materials of metal halides and lanthanide metals. For example, the electron transport region ETR may include KI:Yb, RbI:Yb, and / or LiF:Yb as co-deposited materials. In some embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may use metal oxides such as Li 2 O or BaO) and / or 8-hydroxy-quinoline lithium (Liq), etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The electron transport region ETR can also be formed by a mixture material of an electron transport material and an insulating organic metal salt. The organic metal salt can be a material with an energy band gap of about 4eV or greater. For example, the organic metal salt can include, for example, a metal acetate, a metal benzoate, a metal acetoacetate, a metal acetylacetonate, or a metal stearate.

[0335] In addition to the materials described herein, the electron transport region ETR may also include at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TSPO1), and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0336] The electron transport region ETR may include the compound of the electron transport region ETR described herein in at least one of the electron injection layer EIL, the electron transport layer ETL, and the hole blocking layer HBL.

[0337] When the electron transport region ETR includes the electron transport layer ETL, the electron transport layer ETL may have a thickness of about 100 Å. to about (For example, about to about ). When the thickness of the electron transport layer ETL satisfies the above range, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage. When the electron transport region ETR includes the electron injection layer EIL, the electron injection layer EIL may have a thickness of about to about (For example, about to about When the thickness of the electron injection layer EIL satisfies the range described herein, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0338] The second electrode EL2 is disposed on the electron transport region ETR. The second electrode EL2 may be a common electrode. The second electrode EL2 may be a cathode or an anode, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, when the first electrode EL1 is an anode, the second electrode EL2 may be a cathode, and when the first electrode EL1 is a cathode, the second electrode EL2 may be an anode.

[0339] The second electrode EL2 may be a transmissive electrode, a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode. When the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive electrode, the second electrode EL2 may be formed of a transparent metal oxide (e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and / or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc.).

[0340] When the second electrode EL2 is a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the second electrode EL2 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, Yb, W, a compound or mixture thereof (e.g., AgMg, AgYb or MgAg) or a material having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca or LiF / Al. In some embodiments, the second electrode EL2 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective film or a transflective film formed by the materials described herein and a transparent conductive film formed by ITO, IZO, ZnO and / or ITZO, etc. For example, the second electrode EL2 may include the metal material described herein, a combination of at least two of the metal materials described herein, and / or an oxide of the metal material described herein, etc.

[0341] In some embodiments, the second electrode EL2 may be connected to the auxiliary electrode. When the second electrode EL2 is connected to the auxiliary electrode, the resistance of the second electrode EL2 may be reduced.

[0342] In some embodiments, a cover layer CPL may be further disposed on the second electrode EL2 of the light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments. The cover layer CPL may include a plurality of layers or a single layer.

[0343] In one or more embodiments, the cover layer CPL may be an organic layer or an inorganic layer. For example, when the cover layer CPL includes an inorganic material, the inorganic material may include an alkali metal compound (eg, LiF), an alkaline earth metal compound (eg, MgF 2 )、SiON、SiN x and / or SiO y wait.

[0344] For example, when the cover layer CPL includes an organic material, the organic material may include α-NPD (N,N'-bis(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-2,2'-dimethylbenzidine), NPB (N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine), TPD (N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine), m-MTDATA, Alq 3 , CuPc (copper phthalocyanine (II)), N4,N4,N4',N4'-tetrakis(biphenyl-4-yl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD15) and / or 4,4',4"-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), etc., or epoxy resin or acrylate such as methacrylate. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the cover layer CPL may include at least one selected from compounds P1 to P5.

[0345]

[0346] In some embodiments, the refractive index of the cover layer CPL may be about 1.6 or greater. For example, with respect to light in a wavelength range of about 550 nm to about 660 nm, the refractive index of the cover layer CPL may be about 1.6 or greater.

[0347] Figures 9 to 12 Each of them is a cross-sectional view of a display device DD-a, DD-TD, DD-b, and DD-c according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figures 9 to 12 When describing the display device of the embodiment, the description of the display device already described is omitted. Figures 1 to 7 Rather than describing repeated features described in , their differences will be described primarily (e.g., in more detail).

[0348] Reference Fig. 9 , the display device DD-a according to one or more embodiments may include a display panel DP including a display element layer DP-ED, a light control layer CCL disposed on the display panel DP, and a color filter layer CFL. Fig. 9 In one or more embodiments shown in , the display panel DP may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL and a display element layer DP-ED disposed on the base layer BS, and the display element layer DP-ED may include a light emitting element ED.

[0349] The light emitting element ED may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR disposed on the first electrode EL1, an emission layer EML disposed on the hole transport region HTR, an electron transport region ETR disposed on the emission layer EML, and a second electrode EL2 disposed on the electron transport region ETR. Figures 3 to 7 The structure of the light emitting element ED described above can also be applied to Fig. 9 The structure of the light emitting element ED shown in FIG. Fig. 9 The light emitting element ED shown in can include the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments and at least one of the second to fourth compounds (e.g., at least one selected from the second to fourth compounds). Therefore, the light emitting element ED can have high efficiency and long life characteristics.

[0350] Reference Fig. 9, the emission layer EML can be set in the opening OH defined in the pixel defining layer PDL. For example, the emission layer EML divided by the pixel defining layer PDL and set to correspond to each light-emitting area PXA-R, PXA-G and PXA-B can emit light in substantially the same wavelength range. In the display device DD-a of one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML can emit blue light. In some embodiments, unlike the illustrated configuration, in one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML can be set as a common layer in the entire light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G and PXA-B.

[0351] The light control layer CCL may be disposed on the display panel DP. The light control layer CCL may include a light converter. The light converter may be a quantum dot and / or a phosphor, etc. The light converter may emit the provided light by converting its wavelength. For example, the light control layer CCL may be a layer including quantum dots or a layer including a phosphor.

[0352] The light-control layer CCL may include a plurality of light-control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. The light-control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 may be spaced apart and / or separated from each other.

[0353] Reference Fig. 9 , the dividing patterns BMP may be disposed between the light control parts CCP1 , CCP2 , and CCP3 that are spaced apart and / or separated from each other, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Fig. 9 It is shown that the dividing pattern BMP does not overlap the light-control parts CCP1 , CCP2 , and CCP3 , but at least a portion of the edges of the light-control parts CCP1 , CCP2 , and CCP3 may overlap the dividing pattern BMP.

[0354] The light control layer CCL may include a first light control part CCP1, a second light control part CCP2 and a third light control part CCP3, the first light control part CCP1 includes a first quantum dot QD1 that converts a first color light provided from the light emitting element ED into a second color light, the second light control part CCP2 includes a second quantum dot QD2 that converts the first color light into a third color light, and the third light control part CCP3 transmits the first color light.

[0355] In one or more embodiments, the first light control unit CCP1 may provide red light as the second color light, and the second light control unit CCP2 may provide green light as the third color light. The third light control unit CCP3 may provide blue light by transmitting blue light as the first color light provided from the light emitting element ED. For example, the first quantum dot QD1 may be a red quantum dot, and the second quantum dot QD2 may be a green quantum dot. With respect to the quantum dots QD1 and QD2, the same contents as those described herein may be applied.

[0356] In some embodiments, the light control layer CCL may further include a scatterer SP. The first light control part CCP1 may include a first quantum dot QD1 and a scatterer SP, the second light control part CCP2 may include a second quantum dot QD2 and a scatterer SP, and the third light control part CCP3 may not include (e.g., may exclude) any quantum dot but include a scatterer SP.

[0357] The scatterer SP may be inorganic particles. For example, the scatterer SP may include TiO 2 、ZnO、Al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 and hollow spherical silica. The scatterer SP may include a member selected from TiO 2 、ZnO、Al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 and hollow spherical silica, or may be selected from TiO 2 、ZnO、Al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 A mixture of at least two materials selected from the group consisting of quartz and hollow spherical silica.

[0358] The first light control unit CCP1, the second light control unit CCP2, and the third light control unit CCP3 may each include a matrix resin BR1, BR2, and BR3 in which quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and a scatterer SP are dispersed, respectively. In one or more embodiments, the first light control unit CCP1 may include the first quantum dots QD1 and the scatterer SP dispersed in the first matrix resin BR1, the second light control unit CCP2 may include the second quantum dots QD2 and the scatterer SP dispersed in the second matrix resin BR2, and the third light control unit CCP3 may include the scatterer SP dispersed in the third matrix resin BR3.

[0359] The matrix resins BR1, BR2 and BR3 are media in which quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and scatterers SP are dispersed, and may be formed by one or more suitable resin compositions, which may generally be referred to as binders. For example, the matrix resins BR1, BR2 and BR3 may be acrylic resins, urethane resins, silicone resins and / or epoxy resins, etc. The matrix resins BR1, BR2 and BR3 may be transparent resins. In one or more embodiments, the first matrix resin BR1, the second matrix resin BR2 and the third matrix resin BR3 may be the same or different from each other.

[0360] The light control layer CCL may include a barrier layer BFL1. The barrier layer BFL1 may be used to prevent or reduce the penetration of moisture and / or oxygen (hereinafter, referred to as "moisture / oxygen"). The barrier layer BFL1 may block or reduce the exposure of the light control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 to moisture / oxygen. In some embodiments, the barrier layer BFL1 may cover the light control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. In some embodiments, the barrier layer BFL2 may be disposed between the light control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 and the filters CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0361] The barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include at least one inorganic layer. For example, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include an inorganic material. For example, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, silicon oxynitride and / or a metal film ensuring transmittance, etc. In some embodiments, the barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may also include an organic film. The barrier layers BFL1 and BFL2 may be formed of a single layer or a plurality of layers.

[0362] In the display device DD-a of one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may be disposed on the light control layer CCL. For example, the color filter layer CFL may be directly disposed on the light control layer CCL. In this case, the blocking layer BFL2 may not be disposed.

[0363] The color filter layer CFL may include filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. The color filter layer CFL may include a first filter CF1 configured to transmit a second color light, a second filter CF2 configured to transmit a third color light, and a third filter CF3 configured to transmit the first color light. For example, the first filter CF1 may be a red filter, the second filter CF2 may be a green filter, and the third filter CF3 may be a blue filter. The filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may each include a polymer photosensitive resin and a pigment or dye. The first filter CF1 may include a red pigment or dye, the second filter CF2 may include a green pigment or dye, and the third filter CF3 may include a blue pigment or dye.

[0364] In some embodiments, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the third filter CF3 may not include (e.g., may exclude) a pigment or a dye. The third filter CF3 may include a polymer photosensitive resin, and may not include (e.g., may exclude) a pigment or a dye. The third filter CF3 may be transparent. The third filter CF3 may be formed of a transparent photosensitive resin.

[0365] Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, the first filter CF1 and the second filter CF2 may be yellow filters. The first filter CF1 and the second filter CF2 may not be separated but provided as one filter.

[0366] In one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may further include a light shielding portion. The light shielding portion may be a black matrix. The light shielding portion may include an organic light shielding material or an inorganic light shielding material containing a black pigment or dye. The light shielding portion may prevent or reduce light leakage and may separate the boundaries between adjacent filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. In addition, in one or more embodiments, the light shielding portion may be formed by a blue filter.

[0367] The first to third filters CF1 , CF2 , and CF3 may be disposed to correspond to the red light emitting region PXA-R, the green light emitting region PXA-G, and the blue light emitting region PXA-B, respectively.

[0368] The base substrate BL may be a member that provides a base surface on which a color filter layer CFL and / or a light control layer CCL, etc. are disposed. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the base substrate BL may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. In some embodiments, unlike the illustrated configuration, in one or more embodiments, the base substrate BL may not be disposed.

[0369] Fig.10 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of a display device DD-TD according to one or more embodiments. In the display device DD-TD according to one or more embodiments, the light emitting element ED-BT may include a plurality of light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. The plurality of light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may include a polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments and at least one selected from the second compound to the fourth compound. Therefore, the light emitting element ED-BT may have high efficiency and long life characteristics.

[0370] The light emitting element ED-BT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 facing each other and a plurality of light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2 and OL-B3 sequentially stacked between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2 in a thickness direction. The light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2 and OL-B3 may each include an emission layer EML ( Fig. 9 ) and an emission layer EML ( Fig. 9 ) of the hole transport region HTR( Fig. 9 ) and the electron transport region ETR ( Fig. 9). For example, the light emitting elements ED-BT included in the display devices DD-TD of one or more embodiments may be light emitting elements having a tandem structure and including a plurality of emission layers.

[0371] exist Fig.10 In one or more embodiments shown in , all light beams emitted from the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3, respectively, may be blue light. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the light beams emitted from the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3, respectively, may have wavelength ranges different from each other. For example, the light emitting element ED-BT including a plurality of light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 emitting light beams having wavelength ranges different from each other may emit white light.

[0372] The charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may be disposed between adjacent light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. The charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may include a p-type or p-like charge generation layer and / or an n-type or n-like charge generation layer.

[0373] Reference Fig.11 , the display device DD-b according to one or more embodiments may include light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, and two emission layers are stacked in each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. At least one of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 (i.e., at least one selected from the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3) may include the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments and at least one of the second compound to the fourth compound (e.g., at least one selected from the second compound to the fourth compound). Therefore, the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may have high efficiency and long life characteristics.

[0374] and Figure 2 Compared with the display device DD of the embodiment shown in FIG. Fig.11 One or more embodiments of the display device DD-b shown in FIG. 1 have a difference in that the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 each include two emission layers stacked in the thickness direction. In each of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, the two emission layers can emit light in substantially the same wavelength region.

[0375] The first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first red emission layer EML-R1 and a second red emission layer EML-R2. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first green emission layer EML-G1 and a second green emission layer EML-G2. In some embodiments, the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first blue emission layer EML-B1 and a second blue emission layer EML-B2. The emission auxiliary part OG may be disposed between the first red emission layer EML-R1 and the second red emission layer EML-R2, between the first green emission layer EML-G1 and the second green emission layer EML-G2, and between the first blue emission layer EML-B1 and the second blue emission layer EML-B2.

[0376] The emission auxiliary part OG may include a single layer or multiple layers. The emission auxiliary part OG may include a charge generation layer. More specifically, the emission auxiliary part OG may include an electron transport region, a charge generation layer, and a hole transport region stacked sequentially. The emission auxiliary part OG may be set as a common layer in all of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the emission auxiliary part OG may be set by being patterned in an opening OH defined in the pixel defining layer PDL.

[0377] The first red emission layer EML-R1, the first green emission layer EML-G1, and the first blue emission layer EML-B1 may be disposed between the electron transport region ETR and the emission auxiliary portion OG. The second red emission layer EML-R2, the second green emission layer EML-G2, and the second blue emission layer EML-B2 may be disposed between the emission auxiliary portion OG and the hole transport region HTR.

[0378] For example, the first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second red emission layer EML-R2, an emission auxiliary portion OG, a first red emission layer EML-R1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked sequentially. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second green emission layer EML-G2, an emission auxiliary portion OG, a first green emission layer EML-G1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked sequentially. The third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second blue emission layer EML-B2, an emission auxiliary portion OG, a first blue emission layer EML-B1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked sequentially.

[0379] In some embodiments, an optical auxiliary layer PL may be provided on the display element layer DP-ED. The optical auxiliary layer PL may include a polarizing layer. The optical auxiliary layer PL may be provided on the display panel DP and controls reflected light in the display panel DP due to external light. Different from the illustrated configuration, in a display device according to one or more embodiments, an optical auxiliary layer PL may not be provided.

[0380] and Fig.10 and Fig.11 different, Fig.12 The display device DD-c is shown to include four light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3 and OL-C1. The light emitting element ED-CT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 facing each other and first to fourth light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3 and OL-C1 sequentially stacked between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2 in the thickness direction. The third light emitting structure OL-B3, the second light emitting structure OL-B2, the first light emitting structure OL-B1 and the fourth light emitting structure OL-C1 are stacked in the stated order in the thickness direction. At least one selected from the first to fourth light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3 and OL-C1 may include a polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments and at least one selected from the second to fourth compounds. Therefore, the light emitting element ED-CT may have high efficiency and long life characteristics.

[0381] The charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 may be disposed between the first to fourth light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. Among the four light emitting structures, the first to third light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may emit blue light, and the fourth light emitting structure OL-C1 may emit green light. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first to fourth light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 may emit light beams in different wavelength regions. The charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 disposed between adjacent light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 may include a p-type or p-type charge generation layer (e.g., a p-charge generation layer) and / or an n-type or n-type charge generation layer (e.g., an n-charge generation layer).

[0382] In one or more embodiments, the electronic device may include a display device including a plurality of light emitting elements and a control unit for controlling the display device. The electronic device of one or more embodiments may be a device activated according to an electrical signal. The electronic device may include a display device of one or more suitable embodiments. For example, the electronic device may include not only large electronic devices (such as televisions, monitors, or outdoor billboards), but also small and medium-sized electronic devices (such as personal computers, laptop computers, personal digital terminals, display devices for vehicles, game consoles, portable electronic devices, or cameras).

[0383] Fig.13 1 is a diagram showing a vehicle AM ​​in which first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 are provided. At least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 (for example, at least one selected from the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4) may include the same as described in reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 as well as Figures 9 to 12 The described display devices DD, DD-a, DD-TD, DD-b and DD-c have the same construction.

[0384] Fig.13 The vehicle AM ​​is shown, but this is an example, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may be provided in other vehicles such as bicycles, motorcycles, trains, ships, and airplanes. In some embodiments, at least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 (e.g., at least one selected from the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4) including the same structure as the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c of one or more embodiments may be used for personal computers, laptop computers, personal digital terminals, game consoles, portable electronic devices, televisions, monitors, and / or outdoor billboards, etc. In some embodiments, these are provided only as embodiments, and therefore, may be adopted in other electronic devices unless departing from the present disclosure.

[0385] At least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 (for example, at least one selected from the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4) may include a reference Figures 3 to 7The light emitting element ED described. At least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 (e.g., at least one selected from the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4) may include the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments and at least one of the second to fourth compounds (e.g., at least one selected from the second to fourth compounds). Therefore, the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 including the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments and at least one of the second to fourth compounds (e.g., at least one selected from the second to fourth compounds) may have improved display efficiency and display life.

[0386] Reference Fig.13 The vehicle AM ​​may include a steering wheel HA and a transmission device GR for driving the vehicle AM. In some embodiments, the vehicle AM ​​may include a front window GL arranged to face the driver.

[0387] The first display device DD-1 may be disposed in a first area overlapping the steering wheel HA. For example, the first display device DD-1 may be a digital cluster that displays first information of the vehicle AM. The first information may include a first scale indicating the driving speed of the vehicle AM, a second scale indicating the engine speed (i.e., revolutions per minute (RPM)), and / or an image indicating the fuel status, etc. The first scale and the second scale may be represented as digital images.

[0388] The second display device DD-2 can be arranged in a second area facing the driver's seat and overlapping with the front window GL. The driver's seat can be a seat in which the steering wheel HA is arranged. For example, the second display device DD-2 can be a head-up display (HUD) that displays the second information of the vehicle AM. The second display device DD-2 can be optically transparent. The second information can include a digital number indicating the driving speed, and can also include information such as the current time. Different from the illustrated construction, the second information of the second display device DD-2 can be projected onto the front window GL for display.

[0389] The third display device DD-3 may be disposed in a third area adjacent to the transmission device GR. For example, the third display device DD-3 may be disposed between the driver's seat and the passenger seat, and may be a central information display (CID) of the vehicle for displaying the third information. The passenger seat may be a seat spaced and / or separated from the driver's seat, and the transmission device GR is disposed between the passenger seat and the driver's seat. The third information may include information about traffic (e.g., navigation information), playing music or audio or video (or images), and / or the temperature inside the vehicle AM, etc.

[0390] The fourth display device DD-4 may be spaced and / or separated from the steering wheel HA and the transmission device GR, and may be disposed in a fourth area adjacent to the side of the vehicle AM. For example, the fourth display device DD-4 may be a digital side mirror that displays the fourth information. The fourth display device DD-4 may display an image of the outside of the vehicle AM ​​captured by a camera module CM disposed outside the vehicle AM. The fourth information may include an image of the outside of the vehicle AM.

[0391] The first to fourth information described herein may be examples, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may also display information about the interior and exterior of the vehicle AM. The first to fourth information may include different information. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and a portion of the first to fourth information may include the same information as each other.

[0392] Terms such as "substantially", "about", and "roughly" are used as relative terms rather than as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent deviations in measured or calculated values ​​that one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize. They may include the stated value and an acceptable range of deviation as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, taking into account the limitations and errors associated with the measurement of the quantity. For example, "about" may refer to one or more standard deviations, or ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, ±5% of the stated value.

[0393] The numerical ranges disclosed herein include and are intended to disclose all subranges of the same numerical precision. For example, a range of "1.0 to 10.0" includes all subranges (such as 2.4 to 7.6, for example) having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to amend this specification (including the claims) to explicitly list any subranges included in the ranges explicitly listed here.

[0394] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein, the light-emitting device, the light-emitting element and / or any other related device or component can be implemented using any suitable hardware, firmware (e.g., a dedicated integrated circuit), software, or a combination of software, firmware and hardware. For example, the various components of the light-emitting device and / or the light-emitting element can be formed on an integrated circuit (IC) chip or a separate IC chip. In addition, the various components of the light-emitting device and / or the light-emitting element can be implemented on a flexible printed circuit film, a tape carrier package (TCP), a printed circuit board (PCB), or formed on a substrate. In addition, the various components of the device and / or element can be processes or threads that run on one or more processors in one or more computing devices, execute computer program instructions, and interact with other system components to perform various functions described herein. Computer program instructions are stored in a memory, which can be implemented in a computing device using a standard memory device (such as a random access memory (RAM) as an example). Computer program instructions can also be stored in other non-temporary computer-readable media (such as CD-ROMs, flash drives, etc. as examples). In addition, those skilled in the art should recognize that the functionality of various computing devices may be combined or integrated into a single computing device, or the functionality of a particular computing device may be distributed across one or more other computing devices without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0395] In the present disclosure, when the particles are spherical, "diameter" means the average particle diameter, and when the particles are non-spherical, "diameter" means the length of the major axis. The diameter (or size) of the particles can be measured by particle size analysis, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and / or transmission electron microscopy. When the size of the particles is measured using a particle size analyzer, the average particle diameter (or size) can be referred to as D50. The term "D50" as used herein refers to the average diameter (or size) of the particles corresponding to the cumulative volume of 50 vol% in a particle size distribution (e.g., cumulative distribution), and refers to the value of the particle diameter corresponding to 50% from the smallest particle when the total number of particles is 100% in a distribution curve accumulated in the order of the smallest particle size to the largest particle size. Particle size analysis can be performed with a HORIBA LA-950 laser particle size analyzer.

[0396] Hereinafter, the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure and the light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to examples and comparative examples. In some embodiments, the embodiments are merely illustrations to help understand the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited thereto.

[0397] Example

[0398] 1. Synthesis of polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments

[0399] Specifically, the synthesis method of the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments will be described by exemplifying the synthesis methods of Compound 22, Compound 39, Compound 51, Compound 65, Compound 108, Compound 118, and Compound 152. In some embodiments, the synthesis method of the polycyclic compound to be described is an embodiment, and the synthesis method of the compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure should not be limited to the embodiment.

[0400] (1) Synthesis of Compound 22

[0401] The polycyclic compound 22 according to one or more embodiments may be synthesized through the steps (eg, actions or tasks) of, for example, Reaction 1 .

[0402] Reaction 1

[0403]

[0404] Synthesis of Intermediate 22-1

[0405] 3,3"'-(dibenzo[b,d]furan-2,8-diyl)bis(5'-(tert-butyl)-[1"',1"":3"",1""'-terphenyl]-2'-amine) (1 equivalent), 1,3-dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)benzene (1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.2 equivalent), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (0.4 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at about 140° C. for about 10 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed 3 times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Dried and dried under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 22-1 (yield: 40%).

[0406] Synthesis of intermediate 22-2

[0407] 1-Bromo-3-chlorobenzene (4 equivalents), intermediate 22-1 (1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.1 equivalent), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.2 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at about 160° C. for about 36 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed 3 times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Dried, and then dried under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 22-2 (yield: 81%).

[0408] Synthesis of intermediate 22-3

[0409] Intermediate 22-2 (1 equivalent), 3-(phenyl-d5)-9H-carbazole-1,2,4,5,6,7,8-d7 (2 equivalents), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.05 equivalents), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.1 equivalents) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at about 140° C. for about 24 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Dried and dried under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 22-3 (yield: 85%).

[0410] Synthesis of compound 22

[0411] Intermediate 22-3 (1 equivalent) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, then cooled at about 0°C, and BBr was slowly injected under nitrogen atmosphere. 3 (3 equivalents). After the addition is completed, the temperature is raised to about 180 ° C and stirred for about 48 hours. After cooling, triethylamine is slowly added dropwise to the flask containing the reactants to quench the reaction, and then ethanol is added to the reactants to precipitate and filter to obtain a reaction product. The solid thus obtained is purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain compound 22 (yield: 5%).

[0412] (2) Synthesis of Compound 39

[0413] The polycyclic compound 39 according to one or more embodiments may be synthesized through the step of Reaction 2, for example.

[0414] Reaction 2

[0415]

[0416] Synthesis of Intermediate 39-1

[0417] 5',5""-(dibenzo[b,d]furan-2,8-diylbis(3,1-phenylene))bis([1,1':3',1"-terphenyl]-4'-amine) (1 equivalent), 1,3-dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)benzene (1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.2 equivalent), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (0.4 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at about 140° C. for about 10 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Drying and then drying under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 39-1 (yield: 42%).

[0418] Synthesis of Intermediate 39-2

[0419] 1-Bromo-3-chlorobenzene (4 equivalents), Intermediate 39-1 (1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.1 equivalent), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.2 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at about 160° C. for about 36 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Dried and dried under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 39-2 (yield: 80%).

[0420] Synthesis of Intermediate 39-3

[0421] Intermediate 39-2 (1 equivalent), 9H-carbazole-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-d8 (2 equivalents), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.05 equivalents), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.1 equivalents) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at about 140° C. for about 24 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed 3 times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Dried and dried under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 39-3 (yield: 82%).

[0422] Synthesis of compound 39

[0423] Intermediate 39-3 (1 equivalent) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, then cooled at about 0°C, and BBr was slowly injected under nitrogen atmosphere. 3 (3 equivalents). After the addition is completed, the temperature is raised to about 180 ° C and stirred for about 48 hours. After cooling, triethylamine is slowly added dropwise to the flask containing the reactants to quench the reaction, and then ethanol is added to the reactants to precipitate and filter to obtain a reaction product. The solid thus obtained is purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain compound 39 (yield: 4%).

[0424] (3) Synthesis of Compound 51

[0425] The polycyclic compound 51 according to one or more embodiments may be synthesized through the steps of Reaction 3, for example.

[0426] Reaction 3

[0427]

[0428] Synthesis of Intermediate 51-2

[0429] 4-Bromo-1,1'-biphenyl (6 equivalents), intermediate 22-1 (1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.1 equivalent), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.2 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at about 160° C. for about 36 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Dried, and then dried under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 51-2 (yield: 76%).

[0430] Synthesis of compound 51

[0431] Intermediate 51-2 (1 equivalent) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, then cooled at about 0°C, and BBr was slowly injected under a nitrogen atmosphere. 3 (3 equivalents). After the addition is completed, the temperature is raised to about 180 ° C and stirred for about 48 hours. After cooling, triethylamine is slowly added dropwise to the flask containing the reactants to quench the reaction, and then ethanol is added to the reactants to precipitate and filter to obtain a reaction product. The solid thus obtained is purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain compound 51 (yield: 4%).

[0432] (4) Synthesis of Compound 65

[0433] The polycyclic compound 65 according to one or more embodiments may be synthesized through the steps of Reaction 4, for example.

[0434] Reaction 4

[0435]

[0436] Synthesis of Intermediate 65-1

[0437] 3,3"'-(dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-2,8-diyl)bis(5'-(tert-butyl)-[1"',1"":3"",1""'-terphenyl]-2'-amine) (1 equivalent), 1,3-dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)benzene (1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.2 equivalent), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (0.4 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at about 140° C. for about 10 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Drying and then drying under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 65-1 (yield: 36%).

[0438] Synthesis of Intermediate 65-2

[0439] 1-Bromo-3-chlorobenzene (6 equivalents), Intermediate 65-1 (1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.1 equivalent), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.2 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at about 160° C. for about 36 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed 3 times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Dried and then dried under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 65-2 (yield: 79%).

[0440] Synthesis of Intermediate 65-3

[0441] Intermediate 65-2 (1 equivalent), 9H-3,9'-bicarbazole-1,1',2,2',3',4,4',5,5',6,6',7,7',8,8'-d15 (2 equivalents), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.05 equivalents), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.1 equivalents) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at about 140° C. for about 24 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed 3 times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Dried and then dried under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 65-3 (yield: 82%).

[0442] Synthesis of compound 65

[0443] Intermediate 65-3 (1 equivalent) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, then cooled at about 0°C, and BBr was slowly injected under nitrogen atmosphere. 3 (3 equivalents). After the addition is completed, the temperature is raised to about 180 ° C and stirred for about 48 hours. After cooling, triethylamine is slowly added dropwise to the flask containing the reactants to quench the reaction, and then ethanol is added to the reactants to precipitate and filter to obtain a reaction product. The solid thus obtained is purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain compound 65 (yield: 4%).

[0444] (5) Synthesis of Compound 108

[0445] The polycyclic compound 108 according to one or more embodiments may be synthesized through the steps of Reaction 5, for example.

[0446] Reaction 5

[0447]

[0448] Synthesis of Intermediate 108-1

[0449] 3,3"'-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3,6-diyl)bis(5'-(tert-butyl)-[1"',1"":3"",1""'-terphenyl]-2'-amine) (1 equivalent), 1,3-dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)benzene (1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.2 equivalent), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (0.4 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at about 140° C. for about 10 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Dried and then dried under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 108-1 (yield: 39%).

[0450] Synthesis of Intermediate 108-2

[0451] 1-Bromo-3-chlorobenzene (6 equivalents), Intermediate 108-1 (1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.1 equivalent), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.2 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene, and then stirred at about 160° C. for about 36 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Dried, and then dried under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 108-2 (yield: 80%).

[0452] Synthesis of Intermediate 108-3

[0453] Intermediate 108-2 (1 equivalent), 12H-benzofurano[2,3-a]carbazole (2 equivalents), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.05 equivalents), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.1 equivalents) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at about 140° C. for about 24 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Dried, and then dried under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 108-3 (yield: 82%).

[0454] Synthesis of compound 108

[0455] Intermediate 108-3 (1 equivalent) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, then cooled at about 0°C, and BBr was slowly injected under nitrogen atmosphere. 3(3 equivalents). After the addition is completed, the temperature is raised to about 180 ° C and stirred for about 48 hours. After cooling, triethylamine is slowly added dropwise to the flask containing the reactants to quench the reaction, and then ethanol is added to the reactants to precipitate and filter to obtain a reaction product. The solid thus obtained is purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain compound 108 (yield: 4%).

[0456] (6) Synthesis of Compound 118

[0457] The polycyclic compound 118 according to one or more embodiments may be synthesized through the steps of Reaction 6, for example.

[0458] Reaction 6

[0459]

[0460] Synthesis of Intermediate 118-1

[0461] 3,3"'-(9-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-9H-carbazole-3,6-diyl)bis(5'-(tert-butyl)-[1"',1"":3"",1""'-terphenyl]-2'-amine) (1 equivalent), 1,3-dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)benzene (1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.2 equivalent), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (0.4 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at about 140° C. for about 10 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Dried and then dried under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 118-1 (yield: 38%).

[0462] Synthesis of Intermediate 118-2

[0463] 1-Bromo-3-chlorobenzene (2 equivalents), Intermediate 118-1 (1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.1 equivalent), BINAP (0.2 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene, and then stirred at about 160° C. for about 36 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Dried and then dried under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 118-2 (yield: 77%).

[0464] Synthesis of Intermediate 118-3

[0465] 3'-Bromo-3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl (2 equivalents), Intermediate 118-2 (1 equivalent), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.1 equivalent), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.2 equivalent) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at about 160° C. for about 36 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Drying and then drying under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 118-3 (yield: 79%).

[0466] Synthesis of Intermediate 118-4

[0467] Intermediate 118-3 (1 equivalent), 3-(phenyl-d5)-9H-carbazole-1,2,4,5,6,7,8-d7 (2 equivalents), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.05 equivalents), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.1 equivalents) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at about 140° C. for about 24 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Dried, and then dried under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 118-4 (yield: 81%).

[0468] Synthesis of compound 118

[0469] Intermediate 118-4 (1 equivalent) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, then cooled at about 0°C, and BBr was slowly injected under nitrogen atmosphere. 3 (3 equivalents). After the addition is completed, the temperature is raised to about 180 ° C and stirred for about 48 hours. After cooling, triethylamine is slowly added dropwise to the flask containing the reactants to quench the reaction, and then ethanol is added to the reactants to precipitate and filter to obtain a reaction product. The solid thus obtained is purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain compound 118 (yield: 5%).

[0470] (7) Synthesis of Compound 152

[0471] The polycyclic compound 152 according to one or more embodiments may be synthesized through the steps of Reaction 7, for example.

[0472] Reaction 7

[0473]

[0474] Synthesis of Intermediate 152-1

[0475] Intermediate 22-2 (1 equivalent), 3,6-bis(methyl-d3)-9H-carbazole (2 equivalents), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.05 equivalents), tri-tert-butylphosphine (0.1 equivalents) and sodium tert-butoxide (3 equivalents) were dissolved in o-xylene and then stirred at about 140° C. for about 24 hours. After cooling, the reaction solution was washed three times with ethyl acetate and water, and then separated to obtain an organic layer. The organic layer was washed with anhydrous MgSO 4 Dried and then dried under reduced pressure. The resultant was purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain Intermediate 152-1 (yield: 79%).

[0476] Synthesis of compound 152

[0477] Intermediate 152-1 (1 equivalent) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene, then cooled at about 0°C, and BBr was slowly injected under nitrogen atmosphere. 3 (3 equivalents). After the addition is completed, the temperature is raised to about 180 ° C and stirred for about 48 hours. After cooling, triethylamine is slowly added dropwise to the flask containing the reactants to quench the reaction, and then ethanol is added to the reactants to precipitate and filter to obtain a reaction product. The solid thus obtained is purified by column chromatography using MC and n-hexane to obtain compound 152 (yield: 4%).

[0478] 2. Manufacturing and evaluation of light-emitting components

[0479] (1) Manufacturing of light-emitting elements

[0480] A light-emitting element including a polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments or a compound of a comparative example in an emission layer is manufactured by a method. The light-emitting elements according to Examples 1-1 to 1-7 and Examples 2-1 to 2-7 are manufactured using the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments as a dopant material for the emission layer, respectively. The light-emitting elements according to Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3 are manufactured using Comparative Example Compounds C-1 to C-3 as dopant materials for the emission layer, respectively, and the light-emitting elements according to Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3 are manufactured using Comparative Example Compounds C-1 to C-3 as dopant materials for the emission layer, respectively.

[0481] 15Ω / cm 2 (1200 Angstroms ) as a first electrode (product of Corning Incorporated) was cut into a size of 50 mm × 50 mm × 0.7 mm and ultrasonically cleaned using isopropyl alcohol and pure water for about 5 minutes each, then cleaned by irradiating with UV light for about 30 minutes and exposed to ozone, and then mounted on a vacuum deposition device.

[0482] NPD is deposited on the first electrode to form a A hole injection layer having a thickness of about 1000 nm was formed, and compound H-1-1 was deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of about 1000 nm. Then, CzSi is deposited on the hole transport layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of about The thickness of the emission auxiliary layer is .

[0483] The host mixture, the phosphorescent sensitizer, and the dopant are co-deposited in a weight ratio of about 85:14:1 to form a light emitting layer having a thickness of about 100 nm on the emission auxiliary layer. The host mixture is provided with a weight ratio of about 5:5 of compound HT3 as a hole transport host (HT host) and compound ETH66 or compound ETH86 as an electron transport host (ET host). Compound AD-37 or compound AD-38 is used as a material for a phosphorescent sensitizer. Example compounds or comparative example compounds are used as dopant materials.

[0484] TSPO1 is deposited on the emitter layer to form a A hole blocking layer with a thickness of about 1000 mm was formed, and TPBi was deposited on the hole blocking layer to form a LiF is deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of about An electron injection layer with a thickness of about 1000 mm was formed, and Al was deposited on the electron injection layer to form an electron injection layer with a thickness of about 1000 mm. A second electrode with a thickness of , thereby manufacturing a light-emitting element.

[0485] The compounds used for producing the light-emitting element are shown below.

[0486] Common materials used to make light-emitting components

[0487]

[0488] Dopant materials of examples and comparative examples for manufacturing light emitting elements

[0489]

[0490] Table 1 shows the combinations of materials used in the emission layers of Examples and Comparative Examples.

[0491] Table 1

[0492]

[0493]

[0494] (2) Evaluation of light-emitting elements

[0495] The light emitting elements of Examples and Comparative Examples were evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 2. In the light emitting elements according to Examples and Comparative Examples, the luminance at about 10 mA / cm was measured using Keithley MU 236 and a luminance meter PR650. 2 The driving voltage (V), luminous efficiency (cd / A) and maximum emission wavelength (nm) at a current density of 1.5 Å were measured. The time taken for the luminance to decrease to 95% of the initial luminance was measured, and the relative value was calculated by comparing with the value of Comparative Example 2-1, and the result was listed as the life span (T95) of the element.

[0496] Table 2

[0497]

[0498] Referring to the results in Table 2, it can be seen that the light-emitting element according to the example shows a lower driving voltage characteristic than the light-emitting element according to the comparative example. In some embodiments, the light-emitting element according to the example shows an emission wavelength characteristic similar to that of the light-emitting element according to the comparative example, and the comparative example includes a comparative example compound having a core structure similar to that of the example compound.

[0499] In some embodiments, the examples show higher luminous efficiency and excellent or suitable life characteristics than the comparative examples. For example, in the case of the examples, it can be seen that because the polycyclic compound with improved material stability according to one or more embodiments is included in the emission layer, the degradation of the polycyclic compound in the emission layer is reduced, so that the luminous efficiency of the emission layer and the life characteristics of the element are improved.

[0500] In the light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include a polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments. The polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments includes a five-ring fused ring containing two nitrogen atoms and one boron atom as ring atoms as a core structure, and includes two terphenyl derivatives bound to the five-ring fused ring core and a polycyclic connecting two terphenyl derivatives. In some embodiments, the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may have a structure in which the five-ring fused ring core is protected by a terphenyl derivative, a polycyclic and / or a substituent other than this. Therefore, in the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments, the multi-resonance core part in which the luminescence-related transition occurs can be protected, so that the intermolecular interactions that may cause side reactions other than luminescence can be suppressed or reduced, thereby increasing the material stability. In some embodiments, since such a polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments is included in the emission layer, the light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments can have high luminescence efficiency and long life characteristics.

[0501] In some embodiments, the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be used as a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material. Therefore, a light emitting element including the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may have high luminous efficiency and long life characteristics.

[0502] The light emitting element according to one or more embodiments may include the polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments in an emission layer, and thus has high light emission efficiency and long life characteristics.

[0503] The polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may contribute to improvement of luminous efficiency and long life of a light emitting element.

[0504] The display device according to one or more embodiments may provide excellent or appropriate display quality.

[0505] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described, it is understood that the present disclosure should not be limited to these embodiments, but a person skilled in the art may make one or more suitable changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as claimed.

[0506] Therefore, the technical scope of the present disclosure should not be limited to the contents described in the specific embodiments of the specification, but should be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A polycyclic compound, the polycyclic compound is represented by Formula 1, Formula 1 in, In formula 1, X is O, S, Se, NR a or CR b R c , R1 to R9 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and optionally bind to an adjacent group to form a ring, and R a To R c Each is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

2. The polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein At least one selected from R1 and R2 in Formula 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

3. The polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 in Formula 1 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

4. The polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein At least one of the hydrogen atoms of the polycyclic compound is substituted with a deuterium atom.

5. The polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 in Formula 1 is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

6. The polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein Formula 1 is represented by any one selected from Formula 1-1 to Formula 1-4, Formula 1-1 Formula 1-2 Formula 1-3 Formula 1-4 and In Formula 1-1 to Formula 1-4, R1 to R9 and R a As defined in Eq.

1.

7. The polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein The polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is a delayed fluorescence dopant.

8. The polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein Formula 1 is represented by any one of the compounds selected from compound group 1, Compound Group 1 And wherein, in compound group 1, D represents a deuterium atom.

9. A light-emitting element, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode, located on the first electrode; as well as An emission layer is located between the first electrode and the second electrode and includes the polycyclic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The light emitting element according to claim 9, wherein The emission layer further includes at least one selected from a second compound represented by Formula HT-1 and a third compound represented by Formula ET-1, Formula HT-1 Among them, in formula HT-1, A1 to A8 are each independently N or CR 51 , L1 is a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, Y a It is a direct key, CR 52 R 53 or SiR 54 R 55 , Ar1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and R 51 To R 55 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring-forming carbon atoms, and are optionally bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring, and Formula ET-1 and Among them, in formula ET-1, X1 to X3 are independently N or CR 56 , and at least one selected from X1 to X3 is N, R 56 is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, b1 to b3 are each independently an integer from 0 to 10, Ar2 to Ar4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and L2 to L4 are each independently a direct bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

11. The light emitting element according to claim 10, wherein The emission layer further includes a fourth compound represented by formula D-1, Formula D-1 Wherein, in formula D-1, Q1 to Q4 are independently C or N, C1 to C4 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, L 11 To L 13 are independently direct bonds, *-O-*, *-S-*, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, b11 to b13 are independently 0 or 1, R 61 To R 66 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms, and d1 to d4 are each independently an integer from 0 to 4.

12. The light emitting element according to claim 11, wherein The emission layer includes the polycyclic compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound.

13. The light emitting element according to claim 9, wherein The emission layer is configured to emit delayed fluorescence.

14. The light emitting element according to claim 9, wherein The emission layer is configured to emit blue light.

15. A display device, comprising: Base layer; A circuit layer, located on the substrate layer; as well as A display element layer is located on the circuit layer and includes a light emitting element, The light emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an emission layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode and including the polycyclic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

16. The display device according to claim 15, wherein: The light emitting element is configured to emit blue light.

17. The display device according to claim 15, further comprising a light control layer including quantum dots.

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