Hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental device and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental device and method. The hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental device includes a shell, an ignition system, a data acquisition system, a gas distribution system and a cooling system. The gas distribution system is used to introduce premixed gas into the shell, the ignition system is used to ignite the premixed gas in the shell, the data acquisition system is used to detect the combustion and explosion data in the shell, and the cooling system is used to cool the shell. First, the premixed gas is introduced into the shell through the gas distribution system, and the shell is cooled by the cooling system, thereby cooling the premixed gas. Subsequently, the premixed gas in the shell is ignited by the ignition system, and finally the combustion and explosion data in the shell can be detected by the data acquisition system. Using the above-mentioned hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental device, the premixed gas can be cooled before detonating the premixed gas, so that the combustion and explosion characteristics of the premixed gas in a low-temperature environment can be studied.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of combustion and explosion experiments, and in particular to a hydrogen combustion and explosion experiment device and method. Background Art

[0002] The storage and transportation of hydrogen are crucial for its utilization. Currently, there are four main methods for hydrogen storage: high-pressure gas, cryogenic liquid, organic liquid, and solid-state material storage. Among these physical storage technologies, cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, as a deep-freeze hydrogen storage technology, has found significant application in rocket engines and intercontinental air transport due to its high volumetric energy density.

[0003] Existing hydrogen explosion testing equipment, such as that described in patent application number CN202311019813.0, introduces a premixed gas into an explosion line and then detonates it to determine the explosion characteristics of the premixed gas. However, this hydrogen explosion testing equipment only conducts explosion tests on premixed gas at room temperature and cannot determine the explosion characteristics of hydrogen at low temperatures.

[0004] Therefore, how to study the combustion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen in low-temperature environments is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above technical deficiencies and propose a hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental device and method to solve the technical problem of how to study the combustion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen in a low temperature environment in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In one aspect, the present invention provides a hydrogen explosion experimental device comprising:

[0008] case;

[0009] a gas distribution system for introducing premixed gas into the housing;

[0010] an ignition system for igniting the premixed gas in the housing;

[0011] A data acquisition system for detecting combustion and explosion data within the housing; and

[0012] The cooling system is used to cool the shell.

[0013] In some embodiments, the shell includes a combustion box, and the gas distribution system includes a gas distribution plate, a vacuum pump, a hydrogen tank and an air tank. The gas distribution plate is respectively connected to the vacuum pump, the hydrogen tank, the air tank and the combustion box, and the gas distribution plate can control the connection and disconnection between the vacuum pump, the hydrogen tank and the air tank and the combustion box.

[0014] In some embodiments, the explosion box has several air inlets, and the several air inlets are arranged along the circumference of the explosion box. The gas distribution system also includes a gas distribution plate and a nitrogen tank. The gas distribution plate is respectively connected to the nitrogen tank and the gas distribution plate to control the connection and disconnection between the nitrogen tank and the gas distribution plate. The gas distribution plate introduces nitrogen into the several air inlets respectively.

[0015] In some embodiments, the explosion box has an interlayer space in its wall, and the explosion box has an inlet connected to the interlayer space, and the cooling system introduces liquid nitrogen through the inlet to cool the explosion box.

[0016] In some embodiments, the data acquisition system includes a data acquisition instrument, a signal regulator and several first pressure sensors. The several first pressure sensors are arranged in the combustion box along the axial direction of the combustion box. The signal regulator is communicatively connected to the data acquisition instrument and the several first pressure sensors respectively. The signal regulator is used to regulate the signal transmitted by the first pressure sensor and transmit the regulated signal to the data acquisition instrument.

[0017] In some embodiments, the shell includes a combustion explosion tube, which is detachably connected to the combustion explosion box. The data acquisition system also includes a plurality of second pressure sensors, which are installed on the combustion explosion tube along the length direction of the combustion explosion tube, and the plurality of second pressure sensors are all communicatively connected to the signal regulator, and the signal regulator transmits the regulated signal to the data acquisition instrument.

[0018] In some embodiments, the ignition system includes an igniter, a bursting disc and a spark plug. The spark plug is installed at the end of the combustion tube away from the combustion box, and the bursting disc is installed at the end of the combustion tube close to the combustion box. The igniter is electrically connected to the spark plug and the bursting disc respectively.

[0019] In some embodiments, the ignition system includes an igniter and a spark plug, the spark plug is installed in the explosion box, and the igniter is electrically connected to the spark plug.

[0020] On the other hand, the present invention provides a hydrogen explosion test method, which is applied to the above-mentioned hydrogen explosion test device and comprises:

[0021] S1. Introducing a certain amount of premixed gas into the shell;

[0022] S2. Set disturbance factors that affect combustion and explosion;

[0023] S3, detonating the premixed gas and obtaining combustion and explosion data;

[0024] Wherein, the disturbance factor includes setting the premixed gas temperature.

[0025] In some embodiments, the disturbance factor further includes uneven distribution of the premixed gas within the housing.

[0026] First, the premixed gas is introduced into the shell through the gas distribution system and then cooled by the cooling system. The premixed gas in the shell is then ignited by the ignition system. Finally, the combustion and explosion data within the shell are detected using the data acquisition system. Using this hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental device, the premixed gas can be cooled before detonation, allowing the combustion and explosion characteristics of the premixed gas to be studied in low-temperature environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental device provided by another embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion box structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: shell 100, explosion tube 110, explosion box 120, air inlet 121, inlet 123, ignition system 200, igniter 210, bursting disc 220, spark plug 230, data acquisition system 300, data acquisition instrument 310, signal conditioner 320, second pressure sensor 330, first pressure sensor 340, gas distribution system 400, gas distribution plate 410, vacuum pump 420, hydrogen tank 430, air tank 440, gas distribution plate 450, nitrogen tank 460. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0032] In order to solve the technical problem of how to study the combustion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen in a low-temperature environment, the present invention provides a combustion and explosion experimental device and method, which can cool the premixed gas before detonating the premixed gas, thereby studying the combustion and explosion characteristics of the premixed gas in a low-temperature environment.

[0033] It should be noted that the hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental device of the present invention is used for but not limited to hydrogen combustion and explosion experiments, etc. For the sake of convenience, in the present invention, only the application of the hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental device to the hydrogen combustion and explosion experiment is used as an example for explanation. The principles of the hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental device applied to other types of equipment are essentially the same as those applied to the hydrogen combustion and explosion experiment, and are not described in detail here.

[0034] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental device in one embodiment of the present invention. The hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental device includes a housing 100, an ignition system 200, a data acquisition system 300, a gas distribution system 400, and a cooling system (not shown in the figure). The ignition system 200 is used to ignite the premixed gas in the housing 100, the data acquisition system 300 is used to detect the combustion and explosion data of the housing 100, the gas distribution system 400 is used to introduce the premixed gas into the housing 100, and the cooling system (not shown in the figure) is used to cool the housing 100.

[0035] In this embodiment, the premixed gas is first introduced into the housing 100 via the gas distribution system 400. The housing 100 is then cooled by a cooling system (not shown), allowing the cooled premixed gas to be introduced into the housing 100. The premixed gas within the housing 100 is then ignited by the ignition system 200. Finally, the combustion and explosion data within the housing 100 can be detected using the data acquisition system 300. Using this hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental apparatus, the premixed gas can be cooled before detonation, allowing the combustion and explosion characteristics of the premixed gas to be studied in low-temperature environments.

[0036] In some embodiments, the shell 100 includes a combustion box 120, and the gas distribution system 400 includes a gas distribution plate 410, a vacuum pump 420, a hydrogen tank 430 and an air tank 440. The gas distribution plate 410 is respectively connected to the vacuum pump 420, the hydrogen tank 430, the air tank 440 and the combustion box 120. The gas distribution plate 410 can control the connection and disconnection between the vacuum pump 420, the hydrogen tank 430 and the air tank and the combustion box 120.

[0037] In this embodiment, the gas distribution plate 410 can be regarded as an integrated gas valve, which can connect the vacuum pump 420, hydrogen tank 430, air tank 440 and explosion box 120 to each other through the gas distribution plate 410, and can also cut off the connection between the vacuum pump 420, hydrogen tank 430, air tank 440 and explosion box 120. Specifically, the gas distribution plate 410 can be composed of multiple ball valves, and the opening and closing of the valves can be controlled to control the connection and disconnection of each gas path.

[0038] On the basis of the above embodiments, in some of the embodiments, the explosion box 120 has a plurality of air inlets 121, and the plurality of air inlets 121 are arranged along the circumference of the explosion box 120. The gas distribution system 400 also includes a gas distribution plate 450 and a nitrogen tank 460. The gas distribution plate 410 is respectively connected to the nitrogen tank 460 and the gas distribution plate 450 to control the on and off between the nitrogen tank 460 and the gas distribution plate 450. The gas distribution plate 450 is respectively connected to the plurality of air inlets 121 to introduce nitrogen.

[0039] In this embodiment, nitrogen is introduced into the explosion chamber 120 via the gas distributor 450, thereby affecting the distribution of the premixed gas. This facilitates the determination of the explosion state of the premixed gas even when the premixed gas is in a non-uniform distribution state. This in turn affects the concentration of the premixed gas in different areas, simulating an experimental environment with a non-uniform premixed gas distribution. The speed and direction of nitrogen introduction also affect the distribution of the premixed gas.

[0040] Specifically, the air inlet 121 is 8 small holes of 1 mm uniformly distributed along the circumference of the explosion box 120, so that nitrogen can diffuse into the explosion box 120 in a horizontal direction through each small hole.

[0041] In some embodiments, the explosion box 120 has an interlayer space (not shown in the figure) in the wall, and the explosion box 120 has an inlet 123 connected to the interlayer space (not shown in the figure), and the cooling system (not shown in the figure) introduces liquid nitrogen through the inlet 123 to cool the explosion box 120.

[0042] In this embodiment, liquid nitrogen is introduced into the interlayer space (not shown in the figure) through the inlet 123, so that the explosion box 120 can be cooled by the liquid nitrogen, thereby cooling the premixed gas.

[0043] In some embodiments, the data acquisition system 300 includes a data acquisition instrument 310, a signal regulator 320 and several first pressure sensors 340. The several first pressure sensors 340 are arranged in the combustion box 120 along the axial direction of the combustion box 120. The signal regulator 320 is respectively communicated with the data acquisition instrument 310 and the several first pressure sensors 340. The signal regulator 320 is used to adjust the signal transmitted by the first pressure sensor 340 and transmit the adjusted signal to the data acquisition instrument 310.

[0044] In this embodiment, since the signal regulator 320 is respectively connected to the data acquisition device 310 and several first pressure sensors 340 for communication, the signal regulator 320 is used to adjust the signal transmitted by the first pressure sensor 340 and transmit the adjusted signal to the data acquisition device 310, so that the data acquisition device 310 can obtain the pressure information of each part of the explosion box 120 during the explosion process.

[0045] Specifically, when a flame or detonation wave passes through the location of first pressure sensor 340, data acquisition device 310 automatically records and generates a waveform of the pressure changes within the pipeline. The average propagation velocity of the flame or detonation wave can be calculated by dividing the distance between two adjacent first pressure sensors 340 by the time difference between the peaks of the adjacent waves.

[0046] In some embodiments, the data acquisition system 300 further includes a plurality of first pressure sensors 340 . The plurality of first pressure sensors 340 are installed in the explosion box 120 , and the plurality of first pressure sensors 340 are communicatively connected to the signal conditioner 320 .

[0047] The shell 100 includes a combustion and explosion tube 110, which is detachably connected to the combustion and explosion box 120. The data acquisition system 300 also includes a plurality of second pressure sensors 330. The plurality of second pressure sensors 330 are installed on the combustion and explosion tube 110 along the length direction of the combustion and explosion tube 110, and the plurality of second pressure sensors 330 are all communicatively connected to the signal regulator 320. The signal regulator 320 is used to adjust the signal transmitted by the second pressure sensor 330 and transmit the adjusted signal to the data acquisition instrument 310.

[0048] In this embodiment, since each pressure sensor is installed in the explosion tube 110 , the pressure information at each location in the explosion box 120 can be detected by the signal conditioner 320 .

[0049] Specifically, when a flame or detonation wave passes through the location of second pressure sensor 330, data acquisition device 310 automatically records and generates a waveform of the pressure changes within the pipeline. The average propagation velocity of the flame or detonation wave can be calculated by dividing the distance between two adjacent second pressure sensors 330 by the time difference between the peaks of the adjacent waves.

[0050] In addition, since the explosion tube 110 and the explosion box 120 are detachably connected to each other, different specifications of the explosion tube 110 can be replaced to conduct different types of explosion experiments. At the same time, the explosion tube 110 can also be omitted and the explosion experiment can be conducted only in the explosion box 120.

[0051] In some embodiments, the ignition system 200 includes an igniter 210, a bursting disc 220 and a spark plug 230. The spark plug 230 is installed at the end of the combustion tube 110 away from the combustion box 120, and the bursting disc 220 is installed at the end of the combustion tube 110 close to the combustion box 120. The igniter 210 is electrically connected to the spark plug 230 and the bursting disc 220 respectively.

[0052] In this embodiment, since the bursting disc 220 and the spark plug 230 are respectively installed at both ends of the squib tube 110 , the premixed gas in the squib tube 110 can be detonated by the igniter 210 .

[0053] In some other embodiments, the ignition system 200 includes an igniter 210 and a spark plug 230 . The spark plug 230 is installed in the explosion box 120 . The igniter 210 and the spark plug 230 are electrically connected.

[0054] In this embodiment, the premixed gas in the explosion box 120 can be ignited by the igniter 210 .

[0055] Furthermore, this optical schlieren system includes a high-speed camera, a schlieren instrument, and 6 cm thick optical glass on both sides of the detonator tube 110. Because the glass is fixed to the outside of the detonator tube 110, it provides a full 300 mm x 300 mm field of view within the tube 110, including the entrance of the flame or detonation wave. Furthermore, the location of the optical glass can be replaced with a corresponding steel plate based on actual needs, allowing for analysis of the detonation cell by attaching a smoked plate.

[0056] The experimental steps for simulating low-temperature hydrogen explosion are as follows:

[0057] (1) Use vacuum pump 420 to evacuate each gas circuit in the hydrogen explosion experiment to a vacuum (or evacuate the air to a specified pressure). If the pressure in each gas circuit remains stable, it is determined that the experimental airtightness requirements are met.

[0058] (2) Use the gas distribution plate 410 to configure the premixed gas. According to Dalton's law of partial pressure, prepare the premixed gas of hydrogen and air in the explosion tube 110 and the explosion box, and let it stand for 24 hours to ensure uniform mixing.

[0059] (3) Connect the second pressure sensor 330 and the first pressure sensor 340 to the data acquisition instrument 310 through twisted-pair shielded signal cables, and verify whether the second pressure sensor 330 and the first pressure sensor 340 are properly connected to the data acquisition instrument 310.

[0060] (4) Liquid nitrogen is added to the interlayer of the explosion box 120 to pre-cool the explosion box 120, and then nitrogen is introduced into the explosion box 120 to make the premixed gas unevenly distributed.

[0061] (5) Adjusting the output voltage and ignition timing of the igniter 210, igniting the combustible mixture in the squib 110 through the spark plug 230, visualizing the deflagration flame or detonation wave in the squib 110 using the optical schlieren system, and recording the pressure waveform of the deflagration flame or detonation wave when it passes through the data acquisition system 300.

[0062] In addition, the present invention provides a hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental method, which utilizes the above-mentioned hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental device and comprises:

[0063] S1. Introducing a certain amount of premixed gas into the shell;

[0064] S2. Set disturbance factors that affect combustion and explosion;

[0065] S3, detonating the premixed gas and obtaining combustion and explosion data;

[0066] Wherein, the disturbance factor includes setting the premixed gas temperature.

[0067] Based on the above embodiment, the disturbance factor also includes uneven distribution of the premixed gas in the housing.

[0068] It is understandable that by adjusting the temperature of the premixed gas and the distribution of the premixed gas in the explosion tube before the premixed gas is detonated, the explosion characteristics under low temperature conditions and with non-uniform distribution of the premixed gas can be studied.

[0069] In order to better understand the present invention, the following Figures 1 to 3 The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail:

[0070] First, the premixed gas is introduced into the explosion chamber 120 via the gas distribution system 400. Liquid nitrogen is then introduced into the interlayer space (not shown) through the inlet 123. This allows the liquid nitrogen to cool the explosion chamber 120, thereby cooling the premixed gas and allowing the cooled premixed gas to be introduced into the explosion tube 110. Nitrogen is introduced into the explosion chamber 120 via the gas distributor 450, thereby affecting the distribution of the premixed gas. The premixed gas in the explosion tube 110 is then ignited using the ignition system 200. Since the signal conditioner 320 is communicatively connected to the data acquisition device 310, the plurality of second pressure sensors 330, and the plurality of first pressure sensors 340, the signal conditioner 320 modulates the signals transmitted by the second pressure sensors 330 and transmits the modulated signals to the data acquisition device 310, allowing the data acquisition device 310 to obtain pressure information at various locations in the explosion tube 110 and the explosion chamber 120 during the explosion process. By using the above-mentioned hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental device, the premixed gas can be cooled before detonating, thereby studying the combustion and explosion characteristics of the premixed gas under low temperature environment and non-uniform distribution conditions.

[0071] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen explosion experimental device, characterized in that: include: case; a gas distribution system for introducing premixed gas into the housing; an ignition system for igniting the premixed gas in the housing; A data acquisition system for detecting combustion and explosion data within the housing; and A cooling system for cooling the shell; The housing includes a combustion and explosion box, and the gas distribution system includes a gas distribution plate, a vacuum pump, a hydrogen tank and an air tank. The gas distribution plate is respectively connected to the vacuum pump, the hydrogen tank, the air tank and the combustion and explosion box, and the gas distribution plate can control the connection and disconnection between the vacuum pump, the hydrogen tank and the air tank and the combustion and explosion box; The explosion box has a plurality of air inlets, which are arranged along the circumference of the explosion box. The gas distribution system further includes a gas distribution plate and a nitrogen tank. The gas distribution plate is respectively connected to the nitrogen tank and the gas distribution plate to control the on-off between the nitrogen tank and the gas distribution plate. The gas distribution plate is respectively connected to the plurality of air inlets to introduce nitrogen. Nitrogen is introduced into the explosion box through the gas distribution plate, thereby affecting the distribution state of the premixed gas, so as to obtain the explosion state of the premixed gas when the premixed gas is in a non-uniform distribution state.

2. The hydrogen explosion experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosion box has an interlayer space in its wall, and the explosion box has an inlet communicating with the interlayer space. The cooling system introduces liquid nitrogen through the inlet to cool the explosion box.

3. The hydrogen explosion experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition system includes a data acquisition instrument, a signal regulator and several first pressure sensors. The several first pressure sensors are arranged in the combustion and explosion box along the axial direction. The signal regulator is respectively communicated with the data acquisition instrument and the several first pressure sensors. The signal regulator is used to adjust the signal transmitted by the first pressure sensor and transmit the adjusted signal to the data acquisition instrument.

4. The hydrogen explosion experimental device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shell includes a combustion and explosion tube, which is detachably connected to the combustion and explosion box. The data acquisition system also includes a plurality of second pressure sensors, which are installed on the combustion and explosion tube along the length direction of the combustion and explosion tube, and the plurality of second pressure sensors are all communicatively connected to the signal regulator, and the signal regulator transmits the regulated signal to the data acquisition instrument.

5. The hydrogen combustion and explosion experimental device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ignition system includes an igniter, a bursting disc and a spark plug. The spark plug is installed at one end of the combustion tube away from the combustion box, and the bursting disc is installed at one end of the combustion tube close to the combustion box. The igniter is electrically connected to the spark plug and the bursting disc respectively.

6. The hydrogen explosion experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ignition system includes an igniter and a spark plug. The spark plug is installed in the explosion box, and the igniter is electrically connected to the spark plug.

7. A hydrogen explosion test method, characterized in that: The device is used in the hydrogen explosion experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: S1. Introduce a certain amount of premixed gas into the shell; S2. Set disturbance factors that affect combustion and explosion; S3, detonating the premixed gas and obtaining combustion and explosion data; Wherein, the disturbance factor includes setting the premixed gas temperature.

8. The hydrogen explosion test method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The disturbance factor also includes uneven distribution of the premixed gas within the housing.

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