Organic fertilizer formula special for coptis chinensis and planting and cultivating method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coptis chinensis cultivation, in particular to an organic fertilizer formula special for coptis chinensis and a planting and cultivating method. A sunshade is built at the altitude of 1400-1600 m, and land in the sunshade is prepared; ditches are dug according to the compartment width of 120 cm, the ditch width of 15 cm and the depth of 10-12 cm, the ditches are made into compartments, and base fertilizer is applied; seed sowing is conducted on coptis chinensis seeds according to the proportion of 7 kg / mu; weeding and fertilizing are carried out regularly after sowing. The special organic fertilizer for coptis chinensis is adopted, is scientifically proportioned according to the growth requirements of coptis chinensis, and is rich in various nutrient elements and microbial active substances required by the growth of coptis chinensis. The application of the organic fertilizer can improve the soil structure, improve the soil fertility, provide continuous and stable nutrient supply for the coptis chinensis and improve the cultivation success rate, so that the problem that the existing coptis chinensis cultivation success rate is low is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coptis root cultivation, and in particular to a special organic fertilizer formula for coptis root and a planting and cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] Coptis chinensis, also known as Weilian, Chuanlian and Jizhaolian, is a perennial herb belonging to the Ranunculaceae family and the Coptis genus. The leaves are hesitant, hard, papery, ovate-triangular, and three-partite. The central lobe is ovate-rhombus-shaped, deeply pinnate-lobed, with sharp serrations on the edges. The lateral lobes are unequally deeply lobed. The petiole is 5-12cm long. It grows wild or cultivated in cool, shady and dense forests in valleys at an altitude of 1200-1900m. It has the effects of clearing away heat and dampness, purging fire and detoxifying.

[0003] At present, as the consumption of Coptis chinensis increases, its cultivation becomes more and more important, and the requirements for the cultivation process of Coptis chinensis are also increased. However, the existing Coptis chinensis cannot be accurately selected and fertilized during seedling cultivation, resulting in a low seedling success rate and a long cycle. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to provide a special organic fertilizer formula for Coptis chinensis and a planting and cultivation method, aiming to solve the problem of low success rate of existing Coptis chinensis cultivation.

[0005] To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for planting and cultivating organic fertilizer specifically for Coptis chinensis, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Building a sunshade at an altitude of 1400m-1600m and preparing the land within the sunshade;

[0007] Dig trenches with a width of 150 cm, a width of 15 cm, and a depth of 10-12 cm to make trenches, and apply basal fertilizer;

[0008] Sow the seeds of Coptis chinensis at a rate of 7kg / mu;

[0009] Weed and fertilize regularly after sowing.

[0010] Among them, in the statement “dig trenches to make beds according to a bed width of 150 cm, a ditch width of 15 cm, a depth of 10-12 cm, and apply basal fertilizer”, the basal fertilizer is organic fertilizer.

[0011] Among them, "sowing Coptis chinensis seeds at a rate of 7kg / mu" includes:

[0012] Sow the seeds of Coptis chinensis on the ground at a rate of 7kg / mu;

[0013] Lay pine needles or straw knots on the bed surface after sowing.

[0014] Among them, in "regular weeding and fertilizing after sowing", the weeding and fertilizing time is from April to May, June to July and September to October after sowing, and the fertilizers used are spring fertilizer, summer and autumn fertilizer and winter fertilizer.

[0015] In a second aspect, a formula of organic fertilizer for Coptis chinensis, used in the method for planting and cultivating organic fertilizer for Coptis chinensis described in the first aspect, comprises spring fertilizer, summer and autumn fertilizer and winter fertilizer;

[0016] The spring fertilizer has a ratio of: 0.45kg-0.5kg pure nitrogen, 0.35kg-0.4kg pure phosphorus, 0.6kg-0.7kg pure potassium, 0.18kg-0.2kg Trichoderma harzianum, and the rest is a matrix raw material, and the matrix raw material is distiller's grains;

[0017] The summer and autumn fertilizers have a ratio of: 0.65kg-0.75kg pure nitrogen, 0.5kg-0.6kg pure phosphorus, 0.4kg-0.5kg pure potassium, 1kg-1.3kg ferrous sulfate, 0.1kg-0.2kg Bacillus licheniformis, 0.1kg-0.25kg Bacillus subtilis, and the rest is a matrix raw material, which is fermented sheep manure;

[0018] The winter fertilizer has a ratio of: 0.4kg-0.5kg pure nitrogen, 0.2kg-0.3kg pure phosphorus, 0.1kg-0.2kg pure potassium, 0.3kg long-branch Trichoderma lilacinus, 0.05kg-0.15kg Trichoderma harzianum, 0.1kg-0.15kg gelatinous Bacillus, and the rest is matrix raw material, which is fermented cow dung.

[0019] The invention discloses a method for planting and cultivating organic fertilizers for coptis chinensis, comprising the steps of building a sunshade at an altitude of 1400m-1600m, preparing the land in the sunshade, digging trenches with a width of 150cm, a width of 15cm, and a depth of 10-12cm to form a trench, and applying basal fertilizer, sowing coptis chinensis seeds at a ratio of 7kg / mu, and regularly weeding and fertilizing after sowing. The invention adopts organic fertilizers for coptis chinensis, which are scientifically proportioned according to the growth requirements of coptis chinensis and are rich in various nutrient elements and microbial active substances required for the growth of coptis chinensis. The application of organic fertilizers can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, provide a continuous and stable nutrient supply for coptis chinensis, and increase the success rate of cultivation, thereby solving the problem of low success rate of existing coptis chinensis cultivation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 The invention discloses a flow chart of a method for planting and cultivating a special organic fertilizer for coptis chinensis.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a flow chart for sowing coptis seeds at a rate of 7kg / mu. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0024] See also Figure 1 to Figure 2 In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for planting and cultivating organic fertilizer specifically for Coptis chinensis, comprising the following steps:

[0025] S1 builds a sunshade at an altitude of 1400m-1600m and prepares the land within the sunshade;

[0026] Specifically, the altitude of Coptis chinensis should be 1400m-1600m, which is the best place for growth. Coptis chinensis needs shade and humidity during the seedling stage, and is most afraid of sunlight and drought. Therefore, it is advisable to choose a sheltered Yinshan or a semi-sunny mountain with short sunlight (commonly known as Zaoyang Mountain or Wanyang Mountain), a mountainside, foot of the mountain and a rotation land with fertile soil, deep humus layer and good drainage as a nursery. The slope should not be too large, generally within 5-15 degrees. First, one compartment and one shed are implemented on the seeded seedling soil. Prepare a small bowl-thick wooden stake and cut the small bowl mouth. The wooden stake is 1.3-1.5 meters long. Drive it into the soil at both ends of the compartment, 0.8-1 meter above the ground. Use two wooden sticks of appropriate length at each end of the wooden stake to make a triangle shape, connect the tops of the two wooden stakes with No. 10 iron wire (buried in the ground), and straighten and fix them as purlins. Similarly, use No. 10 iron wire to connect the two ends in the middle and bottom of the tripod on both sides, straighten and fix them. Then, cover the sunshade net with 80% shade, fix it on the edge of the corresponding iron wire, and make the whole shed triangular. Because of the impulse of raindrops on the high shed, the triangular shade shed can make raindrops fall into the shed in the form of mist, and will not drip the topsoil into a small nest, affecting seed germination and seedling growth. At the same time, it can also relieve the pressure of snow, and the touch can adjust the light very well, because the sunlight is not strong in the morning and evening, and the light is irradiated through the side of the triangle, and Coptis chinensis can fully perform light and action. When the sunlight is strong at noon, the triangular sunshade net can reduce the damage of direct light to Coptis chinensis, and effectively avoid sunburn caused by long-term exposure to the sun for Coptis chinensis seedlings. In addition, because the sunshade net is movable, it can be removed during management and covered after management, which is more convenient to work. This method of raising seedlings in a shed can be used as a base for sustainable continuous seedling cultivation. In October every year, the land is prepared. First, the debris on the ground is cleared, and tree roots and grass roots are dug out. On a sunny day, the dead branches and grass roots are piled up, and then burned with fire. Then the soil is roughly dug. The depth of the soil should be 20-23cm, and the tree, grass roots, stones and other objects are picked out. Then fine digging is carried out. On the one hand, the tree, grass roots and stones are picked out, and on the other hand, the soil is broken up to prepare for opening up the bed.

[0027] S2 dig trenches with a width of 150 cm, a width of 15 cm, and a depth of 10-12 cm to make trenches, and apply basal fertilizer;

[0028] The base fertilizer is organic fertilizer.

[0029] Specifically, after the soil is leveled and before sowing, dig trenches with a width of 150cm, a width of 15cm, and a depth of 10-12cm to make the trenches. The length of the trenches depends on the situation and should not exceed 10m. The mud on the surface of the trenches must be finely leveled. After the trenches are completed, apply basal fertilizer, 400-500kg of crushed manure, or 100kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu, plus 1kg of long-branch Trichoderma, evenly apply it on the surface of the trenches, mix it with the topsoil, and then cover it with about 3cm thick fumigation soil. After the preparation, it can be sown after one or two light rains.

[0030] S3 sows seeds of Coptis chinensis at a rate of 7 kg / mu;

[0031] S31 sow the seeds of Coptis chinensis on the bed surface at a rate of 7kg / mu;

[0032] Specifically, sowing is done in December (winter solstice) every year, and the seed amount per mu is about 7 kg. When sowing, since the seeds of Coptis chinensis are small, they can be mixed evenly with 20-30 times fine humus soil or fine sand, and then spread on the bed surface.

[0033] S32: Lay pine needles or straw knots on the bed surface after sowing.

[0034] Specifically, after sowing, cover the seeds with a layer of pine needles or straw nodes, or sprinkle a thin layer of rice husks or rapeseed husks. This will reduce the erosion of rainwater and cause the seeds to be buried deep in the soil. More importantly, it can prevent insect and bird damage and help inhibit the rapid growth of weeds.

[0035] S4 Weed and fertilize regularly after sowing.

[0036] The weeding and fertilizing time is from April to May, June to July and September to October after sowing, and the fertilizers used are spring fertilizer, summer and autumn fertilizer and winter fertilizer.

[0037] Specifically, the first weeding is usually done in April-May after sowing, the second weeding is done in June-July, and the third weeding is done in September-October. Weeding must be done carefully and meticulously. When pulling weeds, you should hold down the roots of the seedlings with one hand and pull up the weeds with the other hand to avoid pulling up the seedlings. If the seedlings are found to be pulled up, they should be planted in the soil in time and the soil should be tightened. Three topdressings should be done the following year after planting. Topdressing can be done before each weeding. The first fertilization is in April-May, when the seedlings grow 1-2 true leaves, 80kg of spring fertilizer per mu, and 0.5kg of potassium humate from minerals are added and evenly spread; the second fertilization is in June-July, choose cloudy days and evenly spread 40kg of summer fertilizer per mu; the third topdressing is in November, and winter fertilizer is spread on the seedbed per mu to stabilize the roots of the seedlings in preparation for wintering. In the middle and early March of the third year, apply 2 kg of ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer, 15 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 0.5 kg of potassium humate from mineral sources once to promote the growth of roots and leaves of seedlings. This is called "growing seedlings" and is commonly known as "dengmiao". Qualified seedlings can be selected for transplanting. When the seedlings grow 1-2 true leaves, if the seedlings are too dense, some weak seedlings should be removed to keep the spacing between plants at about 0.2-.03 cm. In the future, according to the emergence and growth of seedlings, multiple thinning can be carried out to select large ones and leave small ones for transplanting to ensure the healthy growth of the seedlings later.

[0038] Field cultivation

[0039] 1. Site selection

[0040] This technology is mainly used to solve the problems of rotation and continuous cropping of Coptis chinensis and the land saving problem of sustainable operation of Coptis chinensis, so the preferred land is the continuous cropping or rotation land where Coptis chinensis was planted before.

[0041] Since the soil of continuous cropping and rotation land needs to be fumigated, and considering the temperature and humidity requirements of soil fumigants, the planting model of building sheds after autumn (i.e. "building autumn sheds") is not recommended.

[0042] Coptis chinensis is a perennial plant, and its underground rhizomes are harvested for medicinal purposes. Therefore, it has high requirements for soil texture. Generally, it should be selected in the morning and evening sunny mountains with an altitude of 1200m-1700m, and the slope of 10-30 degrees for the rotation of Coptis chinensis, continuous cropping obstacles or abandoned land.

[0043] 1.2 Land preparation and soil treatment

[0044] Select the continuous cropping land, crop rotation land or abandoned land where Coptis chinensis was planted, remove the debris on the ground, and it is recommended to burn it on the spot (under the premise of ensuring absolute safety). Then use a string tiller to turn the soil, and the turning depth should be 25-30cm. Choose the first or second day after the rain, and measure the soil moisture between 60-70% (if you squeeze it into a ball by hand, it will fall apart when it falls to the ground). Evenly spread 25kg of "Cotton Long" soil fumigation treatment agent per mu (it is recommended to use the "Longxin" brand), then use a string tiller to turn the soil 20cm and stir it evenly, and cover it with a plastic film of more than 6 threads, press it on the top to make it airtight, and fumigate the soil (it must be completed on the same day), and remove the film after 15-20 days. It can kill insect eggs, viruses, bacteria, weeds and grass seeds, etc., and reduce the occurrence of field diseases, insects and weeds.

[0045] 1.3 Digging trenches and making boxes

[0046] After the film is removed, the main compartment is made first, and then the side compartment. The compartment opening should be adapted to local conditions, and the width is generally controlled at 1.5m--2m. From top to bottom, a straight ditch is opened, 15cm wide and 10cm deep, and the soil at the bottom of the ditch is lifted to the compartment surfaces on both sides. After the straight ditch of the main and side compartments is opened, the horizontal ditch is opened according to the terrain. Generally, the distance between the horizontal ditches is about 15m. The horizontal ditch is 10cm deep and 25cm wide. Make the drainage smooth, do not flush the coptis seedlings next to the box, and also make it easy to operate. After the horizontal ditch is opened, rake the soil on the side of the compartment to the middle to make the compartment surface into a tile back shape.

[0047] 1.4 Build a shed for shade

[0048] One box and one shed. Prepare wooden stakes with the thickness of a small bowl and cut the mouth of a small bowl. The wooden stakes are 1.5 meters long and driven into the soil at both ends of the box, 1-1.2 meters above the ground. Use two wooden sticks of appropriate length to make a triangle at each end of the wooden stakes, make underground pull wires, connect the tops of the two wooden stakes with No. 10 wires, and straighten and fix them as purlins. Similarly, use 3 to 4 No. 10 wires on both sides of the middle and bottom of the tripods on both sides to connect the two ends and straighten and fix them. Then, cover with a sunshade net with a shade degree of 80%, and fix it on the edge of the corresponding wire to make the whole shed triangular.

[0049] Since the sunshade net is movable, it can be taken down during management operations and covered after management, which makes work more convenient.

[0050] 2. Base fertilizer

[0051] After the bed is prepared, apply 200 kg of base fertilizer (organic fertilizer), and then mix it with the topsoil with a mountain rake.

[0052] 3. Transplanting seedlings

[0053] 3.1 Standard seedlings:

[0054] "A good seedling grows in half a year." The quality of Coptis chinensis seedlings has a great impact on the yield. Strong seedlings have a high survival rate and grow fast, so when transplanting, you should choose strong seedlings with more than 4 true leaves and a plant height of more than 6 cm.

[0055] Current year seedlings: two-year seedlings, that is, seedlings grown in the third year after sowing, generally have 4-6 true leaves and a plant height of about 6 cm. They have a high survival rate after transplanting, grow rapidly, and have fast rooting. They are the most suitable seedling age for transplanting and are the seedlings transplanted in large quantities in production.

[0056] 3.2 Seedling preparation:

[0057] Pulling the seedlings: It is best to choose a sunny or cloudy day to pull the Coptis chinensis seedlings (seedlings pulled on rainy days will have too much mud and cannot be stored resistant). Shake off the mud on the pulled seedlings, hold each plant neatly in the hand, especially the rhizomes must be aligned to avoid cutting off the rhizomes of individual plants when cutting the fibrous roots. Tie 50 plants into a bunch.

[0058] Storage of seedlings: The seedlings pulled back should be planted in time, preferably as soon as they are pulled. If they cannot be planted in time or cannot be planted completely, they can be placed on the ground in a damp house, with the rhizomes upright facing down and placed on the ground, surrounded by soil. Seedlings pulled back on a sunny day can be stored for several days. If they are pulled back on a rainy day, they should be dried before storage, otherwise the roots will easily rot.

[0059] Select seedlings: Choose the paper leaf type and leather leaf type with broad leaves, and remove the paper leaf type and leather leaf type with thin leaves, which is conducive to high quality and high yield of Coptis chinensis.

[0060] 3.3 Planting seedlings

[0061] Pruning fibrous roots: Before pulling up the seedlings for transplanting, use scissors to cut the fibrous roots short, leaving about 1.5cm long. Straighten the fibrous roots first when cutting to avoid cutting the rhizomes. The advantages of cutting roots are: short roots are convenient for planting, the soil is easy to contact with the rhizomes of the seedlings, and it is easy to survive: the fibrous roots of the Coptis chinensis seedlings are weak, and they are often damaged when pulling the seedlings, and they are easy to dry and lose vitality. It is useless to keep them, and at the same time, it can stimulate them to grow more fibrous roots, which can increase the survival rate after planting. But don't cut them too short. If the fibrous roots are cut too short, it will be convenient for planting, but the roots will grow slowly.

[0062] Soak the roots of the seedlings: Before planting, open the stalks of the seedlings whose fibrous roots have been trimmed, use a plastic basin filled with clean water and 800 times the solution of Trichoderma harzianum to a depth of 50 mm, stand the seedlings in the basin and soak for disinfection for 3-5 minutes. This will form a disease protection layer at the roots of the seedlings to enable them to grow healthily. Then plant them, and they will be easy to survive until the planting is completed.

[0063] 3.4 Transplanting time:

[0064] Coptis chinensis can be transplanted for a long time, and can be transplanted all year round, but spring is the best time to transplant. From late April to July, when the new leaves have grown, it is called "dengmiao". At this time, the weather is warm and there is plenty of rain. After planting, the roots will grow quickly, the new leaves will grow quickly, and the survival rate is high. This is the main transplanting period of the year.

[0065] 3.5 Planting specifications:

[0066] According to the nutritional content of the soil for cultivating Coptis chinensis and the characteristics of its short plants, the suitable planting specification is generally a 10cm square hole, which is what farmers call "one span and three holes". That is, when planting, spread your thumb and index finger apart, plant one plant at the tip of the thumb and index finger, and plant another plant between the two fingers. The spacing between the plants and rows is the same, forming a square, with about 70,000 plants per mu. If the soil is particularly fertile, a 10cm*12cm spacing between the plants and rows can be used, with about 60,000 plants per mu.

[0067] 3.6 Planting depth: Depends on the size of the seedlings and the transplanting period. Small seedlings should be planted shallowly, while large seedlings should be planted deeper. In drought, they can be planted deeper, generally with the soil surface just covering the root and stem. Too deep or too shallow is not suitable. When planting seedlings, care should be taken not to plant the seedlings with their roots or petioles bent (the so-called "bent-foot seedlings"), nor should two or more seedlings be planted in one nest.

[0068] 3.7 Soil preparation and planting:

[0069] Soil combing (also known as soil preparation): Before planting the seedlings, sprinkle 400 grams of Trichoderma harzianum and 400 grams of dried grass bud bracts on the soil, and comb the soil surface with a toothed rake to remove grass roots, stones and impurities. When combing, it should be noted that the soil on the upper part of the soil surface should be slightly thicker to prepare for the erosion of rainwater. At the same time, the soil surface must be made into a tile back shape with high in the middle and low on the sides to prepare for drainage. Soil combing should be done on sunny or cloudy days. Do not comb the soil on rainy days to avoid damaging the soil structure and affecting the survival and development and growth of the seedlings after planting. It should be combed and planted immediately. If the soil combing on the day is not completed, the soil should be combed again before transplanting the seedlings the next day.

[0070] Planting rice seedlings: After the soil is fumigated and the film is removed, it can be planted after 10-15 days of preparing beds and setting up sheds.

[0071] Field management

[0072] In the first year, within 7 days after planting, fertilize once, with 75kg of organic fertilizer (spring fertilizer) per mu, which is called "knife-edge fertilizer" by Liannong. After spreading the fertilizer, use bamboo or thin branches to lightly sweep the surface of the box once to sweep the fertilizer into the soil to prevent the fertilizer from burning the leaves. Fertilize once in late autumn and early winter (October to November), which is called "wintering fertilizer" by Liannong. Use 150kg of special organic fertilizer (winter fertilizer) per mu, mix with 2 times fine soil and spread evenly on the surface of the box.

[0073] Second year: Apply spring fertilizer once in March, 150-200 kg of organic fertilizer (spring fertilizer) per mu. Apply 0.5 kg of potassium humate per mu and spray evenly once in May and June. Apply winter fertilizer once in October and November. 200 kg of winter fertilizer can be mixed with 2000 kg of humus soil per mu and spread on the surface.

[0074] Third and fourth years: Increase the amount of fertilizer, which is called "full fertilizer". At this time, Coptis chinensis has entered the age of vigorous growth, with a large number of leaves and rhizomes growing rapidly, requiring more fertilizer. Therefore, topdressing in May and June is very important. 200 kg of organic summer fertilizer can be applied per mu. In November, 250 kg of winter fertilizer can be mixed with about 4000 kg of fumigated soil per mu. Spread the fertilizer evenly, without uneven thickness.

[0075] Fifth year: In March and April, only 300 kg of organic fertilizer (spring fertilizer) is needed.

[0076] In a second aspect, a formula of organic fertilizer for Coptis chinensis, used in the method for planting and cultivating organic fertilizer for Coptis chinensis described in the first aspect, comprises spring fertilizer, summer and autumn fertilizer and winter fertilizer;

[0077] The spring fertilizer has a ratio of: 0.45kg-0.5kg pure nitrogen, 0.35kg-0.4kg pure phosphorus, 0.6kg-0.7kg pure potassium, 0.18kg-0.2kg Trichoderma harzianum, and the rest is a matrix raw material, and the matrix raw material is distiller's grains;

[0078] The summer and autumn fertilizers have a ratio of: 0.65kg-0.75kg pure nitrogen, 0.5kg-0.6kg pure phosphorus, 0.4kg-0.5kg pure potassium, 1kg-1.3kg ferrous sulfate, 0.1kg-0.2kg Bacillus licheniformis, 0.1kg-0.25kg Bacillus subtilis, and the rest is a matrix raw material, which is fermented sheep manure;

[0079] The winter fertilizer has a ratio of: 0.4kg-0.5kg pure nitrogen, 0.2kg-0.3kg pure phosphorus, 0.1kg-0.2kg pure potassium, 0.3kg long-branch Trichoderma lilacinus, 0.05kg-0.15kg Trichoderma harzianum, 0.1kg-0.15kg gelatinous Bacillus, and the rest is matrix raw material, which is fermented cow dung.

[0080] Beneficial effects:

[0081] 1. Optimize the growth environment and shading method: By building a triangular sunshade for seedling cultivation at an altitude of 1400m-1600m, a suitable light and temperature condition is provided for the cultivation of Coptis chinensis seedlings. This altitude area usually has a relatively cool climate, suitable air temperature and moderate light intensity, which is conducive to the growth and development of Coptis chinensis seedlings and reduces the growth stunting or death caused by extreme weather conditions. The use of triangular sunshade nets to build sheds can first avoid raindrops; second, resist snow pressure; third, it can ensure that Coptis chinensis can photosynthesize when the light is relatively mild in the morning and evening, while reducing the damage to Coptis chinensis caused by direct sunlight at noon; fourth, the triangular shed blocks change its height and light mode, avoiding direct sunlight, maximizing the evaporation of soil moisture and burns caused by strong light at noon, thereby improving the success rate of seedling cultivation and the normal growth of Coptis chinensis after transplanting.

[0082] 2. Fine land preparation, soil fumigation and trench design: trenches are dug according to the standard of 150cm trench width, 15cm trench width and 10-12cm depth, which is not only conducive to drainage and ventilation, but also convenient for subsequent field management. This fine land preparation and soil fumigation provides a good soil environment for the root growth of Coptis chinensis, reduces the occurrence of weeds and pests, further improves the success rate of seedling cultivation, and at the same time ensures that the transplanted Coptis chinensis is disease-free, saves labor costs, reduces labor intensity, and meets the requirements of soil fumigation;

[0083] 3. Application of special organic fertilizer: Base fertilizer and subsequent fertilization are all made with special organic fertilizer for Coptis chinensis. This fertilizer is scientifically formulated according to the growth needs of Coptis chinensis and is rich in various nutrients and microbial active substances required for the growth of Coptis chinensis. The application of organic fertilizer can improve soil structure, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, improve soil fertility, provide a continuous and stable supply of nutrients for Coptis chinensis, and help it grow healthily, thereby increasing the success rate of cultivation.

[0084] 4. Scientific sowing and covering measures: Sow the coptis seeds on the ground at a rate of 7kg / mu, and lay pine needles or straw knots on the ground after sowing. Covering with pine needles or straw knots can not only maintain soil moisture and reduce water evaporation, but also inhibit the growth of weeds and harmful bacteria and reduce the invasion of pests and diseases. This scientific sowing and covering measure provides good germination conditions for coptis seeds and improves the germination rate and survival rate of seeds.

[0085] 5. Regular weeding and fertilization management: Weeding and fertilization are carried out in the key periods after sowing and transplanting (such as April-May, June-July and September-October) to ensure the adequate supply of nutrients and light during the growth of Coptis chinensis, and effectively control the breeding of weeds and pests and diseases. This regular field management measure helps the robust growth of Coptis chinensis, further improves the success rate of seedling cultivation, and ensures that the transplanted Coptis chinensis has sufficient nutrients at different growth stages and is not disturbed by diseases and pests, so that it can grow and develop normally, achieving the goal of high-quality and high-yield Coptis chinensis.

[0086] What is disclosed above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiment and equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting and cultivating organic fertilizer for Coptis chinensis, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Building a sunshade at an altitude of 1400m-1600m and preparing the land within the sunshade; Dig trenches with a width of 150 cm, a width of 15 cm, and a depth of 10-12 cm to make trenches, and apply basal fertilizer; Sow the seeds of Coptis chinensis at a rate of 7kg / mu; Weed and fertilize regularly after sowing.

2. The method for planting and cultivating the special organic fertilizer for Coptis chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In "ditches are dug to make beds according to a bed width of 150 cm, a furrow width of 15 cm, a depth of 10-12 cm, and basal fertilizer is applied", the basal fertilizer is organic fertilizer.

3. The special organic fertilizer formula and planting and cultivation method for Coptis chinensis as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: In "sowing Coptis chinensis seeds at a rate of 7kg / mu", it includes: Sow the seeds of Coptis chinensis on the ground at a rate of 7kg / mu; Lay pine needles or straw knots on the bed surface after sowing.

4. The method for planting and cultivating the special organic fertilizer for Coptis chinensis as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: In "regular weeding and fertilizing after sowing", the weeding and fertilizing time is April to May, June to July and September to October after sowing, and the fertilizers used are spring fertilizer, summer and autumn fertilizer and winter fertilizer.

5. A formula of organic fertilizer for Coptis chinensis, used in the method for planting and cultivating organic fertilizer for Coptis chinensis according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Including spring fertilizer, summer and autumn fertilizer and winter fertilizer; The spring fertilizer has a ratio of: 0.45kg-0.5kg pure nitrogen, 0.35kg-0.4kg pure phosphorus, 0.6kg-0.7kg pure potassium, 0.18kg-0.2kg Trichoderma harzianum, and the rest is a matrix raw material, and the matrix raw material is distiller's grains; The summer and autumn fertilizers have a ratio of: 0.65kg-0.75kg pure nitrogen, 0.5kg-0.6kg pure phosphorus, 0.4kg-0.5kg pure potassium, 1kg-1.3kg ferrous sulfate, 0.1kg-0.2kg Bacillus licheniformis, 0.1kg-0.25kg Bacillus subtilis, and the rest is a matrix raw material, which is fermented sheep manure; The winter fertilizer has a ratio of: 0.4kg-0.5kg pure nitrogen, 0.2kg-0.3kg pure phosphorus, 0.1kg-0.2kg pure potassium, 0.3kg long-branch Trichoderma lilacinus, 0.05kg-0.15kg Trichoderma harzianum, 0.1kg-0.15kg gelatinous Bacillus, and the rest is matrix raw material, which is fermented cow dung.

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