Special culture medium for strengthening functional quality of Chinese yam as well as preparation method and use method of special culture medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop culture medium development, in particular to a special culture medium for strengthening the functional quality of Chinese yam and a preparation method and a use method thereof.The preparation method includes the steps that straw powder, cake meal, urea, monopotassium phosphate and a fermentation inoculant are evenly mixed according to the proportion, then water is added, the mixture is evenly mixed and stirred to form feed liquid, aerobic fermentation is conducted, and a fermented product is obtained; adding water to decoct the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and uniformly mixing the whole decoction, including the liquid medicine and the medicine residue, into the fermented product to obtain a culture medium; a planting container tidily laid in a field is filled with the culture medium, seed potatoes are placed on the culture medium, and yam tubers grow in the culture medium for a long time and make close contact with the culture medium; the culture medium for strengthening the functional quality of the Chinese yam can achieve the effects of increasing the content of main functional substances of the Chinese yam and increasing functional components in traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation matrix development, and in particular to a special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam, a preparation method thereof, and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a traditional health-preserving method in my country, the use of medicinal and edible crops for medicinal diet therapy plays an important role in "preventing disease", treating chronic diseases, and regulating sub-health. As a traditional medicinal and edible crop, yam is not only rich in nutritional value, but also has outstanding medicinal and health functions. It has the effects of nourishing the spleen and stomach, promoting fluid production and benefiting the lungs, nourishing the kidneys and astringing semen, and is deeply loved by consumers. In recent years, as people pay more attention to the role of diet therapy in "preventing disease", higher requirements are put forward for yam products. Therefore, improving health and medicinal functions has become an important technical innovation content in the development of new yam products.

[0003] Applying the concept and technology of "Chinese medicine agriculture" to guide yam production is an important way to improve the functional quality of yam. Improving yam cultivation methods combined with the application of Chinese medicine inputs is a new way to enhance the functional quality of yam. The matrix is ​​the main input of agricultural production. The matrix added with Chinese medicinal materials can provide a better environment for the growth of yam. After years of research, the team found that when yam grows in a matrix with Chinese medicinal materials with specific functions, while providing nutrients and a better environment, its own functional quality is improved, and the functional substances in specific Chinese medicinal materials are added, giving yam new efficacy. On this basis, a new culture matrix product that enhances the functional quality of yam has been developed. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to enhance the functional quality of yam and increase the content of main functional substances in yam, the effect of yam is enriched by integrating new cultivation technology with Chinese medicinal materials in accordance with the concept of "Chinese medicine agriculture", and new yam products are developed, and a special culture substrate for enhancing the functional quality of yam and a preparation method and a use method thereof are provided. The culture substrate for enhancing the functional quality of yam developed by the present invention can achieve the effect of increasing the content of main functional substances in yam and increasing the functional components in Chinese medicinal materials.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Prepare materials, wherein the materials include 80-85% straw powder, 10-15% cake, 0.5-1% urea, 0.5-1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05-0.1% fermentation agent, and 1-3% Chinese medicinal materials according to 100% weight percentage;

[0008] S2, firstly mix the straw powder, cake, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and fermentation agent in proportion, then add water and mix evenly to form a feed liquid, and perform aerobic fermentation to obtain a fermentation product;

[0009] In addition, the Chinese medicinal materials are boiled with water to obtain a decoction, which includes a medicinal liquid and a medicinal residue, and is used in the next step without filtering;

[0010] S3. Evenly mix the whole decoction into the fermented product, and may dilute it before mixing it in, to obtain a culture matrix.

[0011] Furthermore, the Chinese medicinal materials are selected from any one of the group of soothing the liver and regulating qi, the group of tonifying the kidney and replenishing essence, the group of replenishing qi and nourishing yin, the group of clearing away heat and removing dampness, and the group of resolving phlegm and reducing turbidity:

[0012] The liver-soothing and qi-regulating group is composed of Chuanxiong, Atractylodes, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Acorus Tatarinowii in equal weight ratios;

[0013] The kidney-tonifying and essence-benefiting group is composed of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Semen Cuscutae, Semen Astragali, and Herba Epimedii in equal weight ratios;

[0014] The Qi-invigorating and Yin-nourishing group is composed of Astragalus, Psoralea corylifolia, and Tangerine Peel in equal weight ratios;

[0015] The heat-clearing and dampness-removing group is composed of Phellodendron amurense and Lysimachia chinensis in equal weight ratio;

[0016] The phlegm-resolving and turbidity-reducing group is prepared with lotus leaf, magnolia bark and pinellia tuber in equal weight ratio.

[0017] Furthermore, the straw, the cake, and the Chinese medicinal materials are all crushed and sieved, the particle size of the straw is 10-30 mm, the particle size of the cake is no more than 10 mm, and the particle size of the Chinese medicinal materials is no more than 10 meshes. The main materials of the straw used are agricultural wastes such as corn, wheat, rice, soybeans, and rapeseed; the Chinese medicinal materials used are waste scraps in the production process of medicinal materials, and the production process is simple and the cost is low.

[0018] Furthermore, when the Chinese medicinal materials are boiled with water, the amount of water added is 8 to 12 times (preferably 10 times) the weight of the Chinese medicinal materials, and the boiling time of conventional decoctions is 80 to 150 minutes (preferably 120 minutes).

[0019] Further, the water content of the feed liquid in S2 is 55-65wt%;

[0020] The aerobic fermentation process is as follows: turning the compost and ventilating the compost every 5 days, the fermentation temperature is 55-65° C., the water content of the feed liquid is continuously monitored during the fermentation process to be maintained at 55-65wt%, and the fermentation lasts for 20 to 30 days in total.

[0021] Furthermore, the number of effective live bacteria in the fermentation bacteria agent is at least 20 billion / gram.

[0022] Another aspect of the present invention provides a special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam prepared by the above preparation method.

[0023] The third aspect of the present invention provides a method for using the special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam prepared by the above preparation method, comprising the following steps:

[0024] Before sowing yam, first lay the yam planting containers (such as directional grooves, sleeves) neatly in the field, then fill the yam planting containers with the culture matrix, put 1L of the culture matrix in each container, and then put the seed potatoes on the culture matrix, with 1 seed potato in each container, so that the yam tubers can grow in the culture matrix for a long time and in close contact, thereby enhancing the health and medicinal functions of the yam.

[0025] Furthermore, the yam planting container is a directional groove or a sleeve; the directional groove is a semicircular PE plastic groove with a length of 1m and an inner diameter of 7.5cm; the sleeve is a PE plastic pipe with a height of 30cm and a diameter of 15cm.

[0026] Beneficial technical effects:

[0027] (1) Increasing the content of main health-care functional substances in yam: Compared with existing matrix products, the matrix of the present invention can not only provide nutrients required for the growth of yam and optimize the growth environment of yam tubers, but also increase the content of saponins, polysaccharides, etc. in yam by adding specific Chinese medicinal materials;

[0028] (2) Enriching the efficacy of Chinese yam: The matrix of the present invention is added with specific Chinese medicinal materials whose medicinal properties match those of Chinese yam, which can transfer the effective components of the Chinese medicinal materials to Chinese yam during the planting process, so that Chinese yam increases the functional components of the Chinese medicinal materials and enriches the health care efficacy of Chinese yam;

[0029] (3) The raw materials are abundant and cheap, and the production cost is low. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the numerical value set forth in these embodiments does not limit the scope of the present invention. The technology and method known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology and method should be considered as a part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0032] The experimental methods in the following examples without specifying specific conditions are usually measured in accordance with national standards; if there is no corresponding national standard, they are carried out in accordance with general standard requirements or general methods.

[0033] The urea used below has a nitrogen content of ≥46wt%, produced by China Salt Anhui Hongsifang Co., Ltd.; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate used has a mass fraction of ≥99wt%, of which water-soluble P2O5 ≥52wt%, K2O ≥34wt%, produced by Zhengzhou Zhongke Chemical Products Co., Ltd.; the effective live bacteria count in the fermentation agent used is at least 20 billion / gram, produced by Shandong Junde Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] The preparation method of the special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam comprises the following steps:

[0036] S1. Prepare materials first. The materials include 82% corn stalk powder, 15% rapeseed meal, 0.99% urea, 0.99% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.02% fermentation agent, and 1% Chinese medicinal materials according to 100% weight percentage;

[0037] The Chinese herbal medicine is a group for soothing the liver and regulating qi, and is composed of Chuanxiong, Atractylodes, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, and Acorus calamus in equal proportions by weight;

[0038] S2, first mix corn stalk powder, rapeseed cake powder, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and fermentation agent in proportion, then add clean water and mix evenly to form a feed liquid (water content in the feed liquid is 55-65wt%), and perform aerobic fermentation. The process of aerobic fermentation is: turning the pile and ventilating once every 5 days, the fermentation temperature is 55-65° C., the water content of the feed liquid is continuously monitored during the fermentation process and maintained at 55-65wt%, and the fermentation time is 25 days to obtain the fermentation product;

[0039] In addition, according to the above Chinese medicinal materials-Shuganliqi group, water was added to make a decoction, the amount of water added was 10 times the weight of the Chinese medicinal materials, and the conventional decoction was boiled for 120 minutes;

[0040] S3. Dilute the prepared decoction (including the medicinal liquid and the medicinal residue) with clean water, evenly mix it into the fermented product, and dry it in the shade to obtain a special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam. The moisture content of the obtained culture matrix is ​​maintained in the relative humidity range of 60-80%.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] The preparation method of the special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam in this case is the same as that in Example 1, except that the Chinese medicinal materials in this case are selected from the kidney-tonifying and essence-benefiting group, which is composed of Rehmannia root, Cuscuta seed, Astragalus membranaceus, and Epimedium brevicornum in equal mass ratios.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] The preparation method of the special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam in this case is the same as that in Example 1, except that the Chinese medicinal materials in this case are selected from the Qi-invigorating and Yin-nourishing group, which is composed of astragalus, herba scutellariae, and tangerine peel in equal mass ratios.

[0045] Example 4

[0046] The preparation method of the special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam in this case is the same as that in Example 1, except that the Chinese medicinal materials in this case are selected from the heat-clearing and dampness-removing group, which is composed of Phellodendron chinense and Lysimachia chinensis in equal mass ratios.

[0047] Example 5

[0048] The preparation method of the special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam in this case is the same as that in Example 1, except that the Chinese medicinal materials in this case are selected from the expectorant and turbidity-reducing group, which is composed of lotus leaves, magnolia bark, and pinellia tuber in equal mass ratios.

[0049] Example 6

[0050] The preparation method of the special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam in this case is the same as that in Example 5, except that the materials include 80% corn straw powder, 15% rapeseed cake powder, 0.99% urea, 0.99% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.02% fermentation agent, and 3% Chinese medicinal materials (expectorant and turbidity-reducing group) according to 100% weight percentage.

[0051] Example 7

[0052] The preparation method of the special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam in this case is the same as that in Example 5, except that the materials, calculated by weight percentage, include 78% corn straw powder, 15% rapeseed cake powder, 0.99% urea, 0.99% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.02% fermentation agent, and 5% Chinese medicinal materials (expectorant and turbidity-reducing group).

[0053] Test Example 1

[0054] 1. Experimental Design

[0055] The experiment was conducted at the Liuhe Experimental Base of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2023. The yam variety used for the experiment was Sujie No. 10, and the directional trough planting method was adopted. According to the different Chinese medicinal materials added to the culture medium, the experiment set up 6 treatments:

[0056] Treatment 1: using the culture medium prepared in Example 1 (the Chinese medicinal materials are the liver-soothing and qi-regulating group: Chuanxiong, Atractylodes, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Acorus Tatarinowii, with equal quality configuration);

[0057] Treatment 2: using the culture matrix prepared in Example 2 (the Chinese medicinal materials are the kidney-tonifying and essence-benefiting group: Rehmannia root, Cuscuta seed, Astragalus membranaceus, and Epimedium brevicornum, with equal quality configuration);

[0058] Treatment 3: using the culture matrix prepared in Example 3 (the Chinese medicinal materials are the Qi-invigorating and Yin-nourishing group: Astragalus, Euphorbia obesa, and Citrus reticulata, with equal quality configuration);

[0059] Treatment 4: using the culture matrix prepared in Example 4 (the Chinese medicinal materials are heat-clearing and dampness-removing group: Phellodendron amurense, Lysimachia chinensis, and equal quality configuration);

[0060] Treatment 5: using the culture matrix prepared in Example 5 (the Chinese medicinal materials are the group for resolving phlegm and reducing turbidity: lotus leaf, magnolia bark, pinellia tuber, with equal quality configuration);

[0061] Treatment 6: This treatment is a control, in which the Chinese medicinal materials are removed from the culture matrix and the quality of each material is the same.

[0062] How to use the culture matrix: Before sowing yam, first lay the yam planting directional grooves neatly in the field, then fill the yam planting directional grooves with the above-mentioned culture matrix, put 1L of each of the above-mentioned culture matrix in each groove, place the seed potatoes on the top of the directional grooves, and place 1 seed potato in each container, so that the yam tubers can grow in the culture matrix for a long time and be in close contact with the culture matrix.

[0063] 2. Survey and measurement content

[0064] 2.1 Yield investigation: The yield of each treatment was measured during the yam harvest period.

[0065] 2.2 Quality determination: Yam tuber samples were collected from each treatment and the polysaccharides, saponins and flavonoids were determined.

[0066] 2.3 Determination of functional substances: Determine the components of the added medicinal materials in the yam tubers of each treatment.

[0067] 3. Conclusion

[0068] Table 1 Yield and quality of yam under different treatments (Examples 1-5)

[0069]

[0070] From the above treatments of yam yield, quality and effective ingredients in medicinal materials, the content of functional substances in yam tubers increased to varying degrees compared with the control culture matrix with the addition of Chinese medicinal materials, and the substances in each treatment group were detected by LC-MS technology, and the mass spectrometry data was extracted with reference to the molecular weight of the effective substances in each Chinese medicine prescription, and the components of the added Chinese medicinal materials were detected from the yam tubers. Treatments 1-3 produced a certain reduction in production, and in terms of comprehensive yield and functional quality improvement, Example 5 (phlegm-removing and turbidity-reducing group) had the best effect.

[0071] Test Example 2

[0072] This test example is based on the test example 1, and adds different amounts of Chinese medicinal materials to the matrix.

[0073] 1. Experimental Design

[0074] The experiment was conducted at the Liuhe Experimental Base of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2023. The yam variety used for the experiment was Sujie No. 10, and the directional trough planting method was adopted. The experiment set up 3 ratio treatments according to the different amounts of Chinese medicinal materials added:

[0075] Treatment 7: The culture matrix prepared in Example 5 was used (the Chinese medicinal materials were the group for resolving phlegm and reducing turbidity: lotus leaf, magnolia bark, pinellia tuber, with equal quality configuration).

[0076] Treatment 8: The culture matrix prepared in Example 6 was used (the Chinese medicinal materials were the group for resolving phlegm and reducing turbidity: lotus leaf, magnolia bark, pinellia tuber, with equal quality configuration).

[0077] Treatment 9: The culture matrix prepared in Example 7 was used (the Chinese medicinal materials were the group for resolving phlegm and reducing turbidity: lotus leaf, magnolia bark, pinellia tuber, with equal quality configuration).

[0078] How to use the culture matrix: Before sowing yam, first lay the yam planting directional grooves neatly in the field, then fill the above-mentioned matrix into the yam planting directional grooves, put 1L of matrix in each groove, place the seed potatoes on the top of the directional grooves, and place 1 seed potato in each container, so that the yam tubers can grow in the matrix for a long time and be in close contact with the matrix.

[0079] 2. Survey and measurement content

[0080] 2.1 Yield structure investigation: The yield of yam in each treatment was measured during the harvest period.

[0081] 2.2 Quality determination: The contents of polysaccharides, saponins and flavonoids were determined for the yam tuber samples collected from each treatment.

[0082] 2.3 Determination of functional substances: Determine the components of the added medicinal materials in the yam tubers of each treatment.

[0083] 3. Conclusion

[0084] Table 2 Yield and quality of yam with different treatments

[0085]

[0086] From the above three treatments of yam yield and quality, with the increase of the amount of Chinese medicinal materials added to the matrix, the yam yield and functional substance content did not change significantly. Considering the yield, functional quality improvement and cost control, Example 5 has the best effect.

[0087] In summary, using the matrix of the present invention to plant yam can increase the content of functional substances in yam tubers, increase the functional ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines, enhance the functional quality of yam, and increase the health care function of yam.

[0088] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Prepare materials, wherein the materials include 80-85% straw powder, 10-15% cake, 0.5-1% urea, 0.5-1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05-0.1% fermentation agent, and 1-3% Chinese medicinal materials according to 100% weight percentage; S2, firstly mix the straw powder, cake, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and fermentation agent in proportion, then add water and mix evenly to form a feed liquid, and perform aerobic fermentation to obtain a fermentation product; In addition, the Chinese medicinal materials are boiled with water to obtain a decoction, which includes a medicinal liquid and a medicinal residue, and the whole is used in the next step; S3, mixing the decoction evenly into the fermented product to obtain a culture matrix.

2. The method for preparing a special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Chinese medicinal materials are selected from any one of the groups of soothing the liver and regulating qi, tonifying the kidney and replenishing essence, replenishing qi and nourishing yin, clearing away heat and removing dampness, and resolving phlegm and reducing turbidity: The liver-soothing and qi-regulating group is composed of Chuanxiong, Atractylodes, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Acorus Tatarinowii in equal weight ratios; The kidney-tonifying and essence-benefiting group is composed of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Semen Cuscutae, Semen Astragali, and Herba Epimedii in equal weight ratios; The Qi-invigorating and Yin-nourishing group is composed of Astragalus, Psoralea corylifolia, and Tangerine Peel in equal weight ratios; The heat-clearing and dampness-removing group is composed of Phellodendron amurense and Lysimachia chinensis in equal weight ratio; The phlegm-resolving and turbidity-reducing group is prepared with lotus leaf, magnolia bark and pinellia tuber in equal weight ratio.

3. The method for preparing a special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam according to claim 2, characterized in that: The straw, the cake and the Chinese medicinal materials are all crushed and sieved. The particle size of the straw is 10-30 mm, the particle size of the cake is no more than 10 mm, and the particle size of the Chinese medicinal materials is no more than 10 meshes.

4. The method for preparing a special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the Chinese medicinal materials are boiled with water, the amount of water added is 8 to 12 times the weight of the Chinese medicinal materials. The boiling time of conventional decoctions is 80 to 150 minutes.

5. The method for preparing a special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water content of the feed liquid in S2 is 55-65wt%; The aerobic fermentation process is as follows: turning the compost and ventilating the compost every 5 days, the fermentation temperature is 55-65° C., the water content of the feed liquid is continuously monitored during the fermentation process to be maintained at 55-65wt%, and the fermentation lasts for 20 to 30 days in total.

6. The method for preparing a special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of effective live bacteria in the fermentation bacteria agent is at least 20 billion / gram.

7. A special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A method for using a special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam, characterized in that: The steps include: Before sowing yam, first lay out the yam planting containers neatly in the field, then fill the yam planting containers with the special culture matrix for enhancing the functional quality of yam prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1 to 6, put 1L of the culture matrix in each container, and then put the seed potatoes on the culture matrix, with one seed potato in each container, so that the yam tubers can grow in the culture matrix for a long time in close contact.

9. According to the method of use of claim 8, the yam planting container is an oriented groove or a sleeve; the oriented groove is a semicircular PE plastic groove with a length of 1m and an inner diameter of 7.5cm; the sleeve is a PE plastic pipe with a height of 30cm and a diameter of 15cm.

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