Coarse cereal mixed meal type low-protein feed for growing pigs and preparation method of coarse cereal mixed meal type low-protein feed

Abstract

The invention discloses coarse cereal miscellaneous meal type low-protein feed for growing pigs and a preparation method of the coarse cereal miscellaneous meal type low-protein feed, and belongs to the technical field of feed preparation. By adjusting the formula proportion of the feed and adding proper mineral substances, the basic nutritional requirements of growing pigs are met, the corn and the soybean meal are saved, no adverse effect is generated on the growth performance of the growing pigs, and the feed-gain ratio of the growing pigs is reduced; the net utilization rate of deposited nitrogen and protein and the biological value of protein are improved; the first metabolism of amino acid in the liver and the intestinal tract is reduced, so that the utilization rate of peripheral tissues on the amino acid is improved, and sustainable development of animal husbandry is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of feed preparation, and in particular relates to a miscellaneous grain and miscellaneous meal type low-protein feed for growing pigs and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Corn and soybean meal are the main feed grain varieties in my country's current pig and chicken feed. Corn is an important energy feed raw material, and soybean meal is the mainstream protein feed raw material in the breeding industry. From the perspective of domestic supply and demand balance, corn is in a tight balance. On the other hand, due to the fluctuation of soybean meal prices and the limited resources, the cost of soybean meal continues to rise, which has brought huge impact and continuous pressure to the animal husbandry industry. At the same time, with the continuous improvement of the scale, intensiveness and specialization of the animal husbandry industry, the average annual demand for soybean meal has increased day by day, and has now reached more than 70 million tons / year. In contrast, the average annual output of more than 14 million tons in China has made the domestic soybean supply more and more distressed, and more and more dependent on soybean imports. With the rigid growth of feed grain demand, under the background of uncertainty in international trade and insufficient domestic resources, it is urgent to expand the alternative channels for corn and soybean meal in feed, so that domestic corn can gradually reach a wide balance from a tight balance.

[0003] The existing low-protein diet formulation technology reduces crude protein (CP) by 2-4 percentage points based on the standards set by the National Research Council (NRC) of the United States, but the reliance on corn and soybean meal is still high. At present, most methods to reduce the use of soybean meal are to use unconventional feed resources to replace soybean meal for fermentation, which not only increases the production process, but also makes the fermentation conditions difficult to control. There is also direct feeding of non-fermented complete feed. Studies have found that feeding pigs with feeds with corn, brown rice, and rice as the main energy source, the results show that after rice replaced corn, the daily weight gain and feed conversion of the experimental pigs were not as good as those of the corn group. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a low-protein feed of miscellaneous grains and miscellaneous meals for growing pigs and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the technical problem that the utilization rate of protein and amino acids in the feed is not high.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: to provide a low-protein feed of miscellaneous grains and miscellaneous meals for growing pigs, wherein the raw materials used include, by weight, 40.42-49.7 parts of corn, 3-17 parts of broken rice, 5-16 parts of wheat, 5-12 parts of peas, 2.12-10.98 parts of soybean meal, 0.9-13.74 parts of rice bran, 2.5-10 parts of wheat bran, 2-3 parts of rapeseed meal, 2-3 parts of corn DDGS, 0.8-2.11 parts of soybean oil, 1.68-2.09 parts of complex amino acids, 1.02-1.17 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts of premix, 0.96-1.04 parts of stone powder and 0.2-0.4 parts of sodium chloride for feeding.

[0006] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows:

[0007] Furthermore, the raw materials used include, by mass, 45 parts of corn, 10 parts of broken rice, 10 parts of wheat, 8 parts of peas, 6 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of rice bran, 6 parts of wheat bran, 2.5 parts of rapeseed meal, 2.5 parts of corn DDGS, 1.5 parts of soybean oil, 1.8 parts of complex amino acids, 1.1 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1 part of premix, 1 part of stone powder and 0.3 parts of sodium chloride for feed.

[0008] Furthermore, the composite amino acids include, by mass, 0.72-0.82 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.27-0.32 parts of threonine, 0.19-0.22 parts of DL-methionine, 0.12-0.2 parts of isoleucine, 0.12-0.15 parts of leucine, 0.12-0.13 parts of tryptophan, 0.08-0.14 parts of valine and 0.06-0.11 parts of phenylalanine.

[0009] Furthermore, the composite amino acids include, by mass, 0.77 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.3 parts of threonine, 0.2 parts of DL-methionine, 0.16 parts of isoleucine, 0.13 parts of leucine, 0.12 parts of tryptophan, 0.11 parts of valine and 0.09 parts of phenylalanine.

[0010] Further, the premix includes 300-500 mg Mg, 2000-3000 mg K, 0.1-0.3 mg Se, 0.1-0.2 mg I, 1-3 mg Mn, 4-5 mg Cu, 50-70 mg Zn, 60-70 mg Fe, 10-15 mg V A 1000-1500IU, V D 100-200IU, V E 10-15IU, V K 0.4-0.6mg, V B1 0.9-1.2mg, V B2 2-3mg, V B6 0.8-1.5mg, V B12 8-12ug, biotin 0.04-0.06mg, chloride 0.2-0.5g, folic acid 0.2-0.5mg, niacin 20-40mg and calcium pantothenate 8mg.

[0011] Further, the premix includes 400 mg Mg, 2500 mg K, 0.204 mg Se, 0.15 mg I, 2.1 mg Mn, 4.36 mg Cu, 62 mg Zn, 66.2 mg Fe, and 1 kg V. A1370IU, V D 158IU, V E 12IU、V K 0.53mg, V B1 1.1mg, V B2 2.6mg, V B6 1.1mg, V B12 9.9ug, biotin 0.05mg, chloride 0.32g, folic acid 0.32mg, niacin 31.6mg and calcium pantothenate 8mg.

[0012] The invention also discloses a method for preparing a low-protein feed of miscellaneous grains and miscellaneous meals for growing pigs, which comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials in proportion to obtain the low-protein feed of miscellaneous grains and miscellaneous meals for growing pigs.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention meets the basic nutritional needs of growing pigs by adjusting the formula ratio of feed and adding appropriate minerals, saves corn and soybean meal, has no adverse effect on the growth performance of growing pigs, and significantly reduces the feed-to-weight ratio of growing pigs; improves deposited nitrogen, net protein utilization rate and protein biological value; has no adverse effect on the digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), crude fiber (CF), crude ash (Ash), Ca and P; can reduce the first metabolism of amino acids in the liver and intestines, so that the utilization rate of amino acids by peripheral tissues is improved, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of animal husbandry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 for glucose metabolism dynamics;

[0015] Figure 2 for insulin metabolic dynamics;

[0016] Figure 3 for urea metabolic kinetics;

[0017] Figure 4 for the kinetics of alanine metabolism;

[0018] Figure 5 for the kinetics of arginine metabolism;

[0019] Figure 6 for the metabolic kinetics of asparagine;

[0020] Figure 7 for the kinetics of cysteine ​​metabolism;

[0021] Figure 8 for the kinetics of glutamate metabolism;

[0022] Fig. 9 for the kinetics of glycine metabolism;

[0023] Fig.10 for the kinetics of histidine metabolism;

[0024] Fig.11 for the kinetics of hydroxyproline metabolism;

[0025] Fig.12 for the kinetics of leucine metabolism;

[0026] Fig.13 for the kinetics of isoleucine metabolism;

[0027] Fig.14 for the kinetics of lysine metabolism;

[0028] Fig.15 for the kinetics of methionine metabolism;

[0029] Fig.16 for the kinetics of phenylalanine metabolism;

[0030] Fig.17 for the kinetics of proline metabolism;

[0031] Fig.18 for the kinetics of serine metabolism;

[0032] Fig.19 for the kinetics of threonine metabolism;

[0033] Fig. 20 for the kinetics of tyrosine metabolism;

[0034] Fig.21 for the kinetics of valine metabolism;

[0035] Fig. 22 The changes in the apparent amount of amino acids reaching the plasma of growing pigs fed the LP-Q diet relative to the difference in dietary amino acid supply of the LP-CON diet;

[0036] Fig.23 The changes in the apparent amount of amino acids reaching the plasma of growing pigs fed the LP-M diet relative to the difference in dietary amino acid supply of the LP-CON diet;

[0037] Fig.24 The changes in the apparent amounts of amino acids reaching the plasma of growing pigs fed the LP-S diet relative to the difference in dietary amino acid supply of the LP-CON diet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art. If the specific conditions are not specified in the examples, the methods are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturers are not specified in the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations using the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] A miscellaneous grain and miscellaneous meal type low-protein feed for growing pigs, the raw materials used include, by mass, 45 parts of corn, 10 parts of broken rice, 10 parts of wheat, 8 parts of peas, 6 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of rice bran, 6 parts of wheat bran, 2.5 parts of rapeseed meal, 2.5 parts of corn DDGS, 1.5 parts of soybean oil, 1.8 parts of complex amino acids, 1.1 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1 part of premix, 1 part of stone powder and 0.3 part of sodium chloride for feeding.

[0041] The composite amino acids include, by weight: 0.77 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.3 parts of threonine, 0.2 parts of DL-methionine, 0.16 parts of isoleucine, 0.13 parts of leucine, 0.12 parts of tryptophan, 0.11 parts of valine and 0.09 parts of phenylalanine; the premix includes, by weight: 400 mg of Mg, 2500 mg of K, 0.204 mg of Se, 0.15 mg of I, 2.1 mg of Mn, 4.36 mg of Cu, 62 mg of Zn, 66.2 mg of Fe, 2.6 mg of V A 1370IU, V D 158IU, V E 12IU, V K 0.53mg, V B1 1.1mg, V B2 2.6mg, V B6 1.1mg, V B12 9.9ug, biotin 0.05mg, chloride 0.32g, folic acid 0.32mg, niacin 31.6mg and calcium pantothenate 8mg.

[0042] The preparation method of the above-mentioned low-protein feed of miscellaneous grains and miscellaneous meal type for growing pigs comprises the following steps: crushing corn, broken rice, wheat, peas, soybean meal, rice bran, wheat bran, rapeseed meal and corn DDGS, then passing through a 40-mesh sieve, and mixing the sieved raw materials with the remaining raw materials in proportion to obtain the low-protein feed of miscellaneous grains and miscellaneous meal type for growing pigs.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] A miscellaneous grain and meal type low-protein feed for growing pigs, comprising, by weight, 40.42 parts of corn, 3 parts of broken rice, 16 parts of wheat, 12 parts of peas, 2.12 parts of soybean meal, 0.9 parts of rice bran, 10 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of rapeseed meal, 2 parts of corn DDGS, 0.8 parts of soybean oil, 2.09 parts of complex amino acids, 1.17 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8 parts of premix, 0.96 parts of stone powder and 0.4 parts of sodium chloride for feeding.

[0045] The composite amino acids include, by weight: 0.72 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.27 parts of threonine, 0.22 parts of DL-methionine, 0.2 parts of isoleucine, 0.12 parts of leucine, 0.12 parts of tryptophan, 0.14 parts of valine and 0.11 parts of phenylalanine; the premix includes, by weight: 300 mg of Mg, 2000 mg of K, 0.3 mg of Se, 0.2 mg of I, 1 mg of Mn, 4 mg of Cu, 70 mg of Zn, 70 mg of Fe, 20 mg of V A 1000IU, V D 100IU, V E 15IU, V K 0.6mg, V B1 0.9mg, V B2 2mg, V B6 1.5mg, V B12 12ug, biotin 0.04mg, chloride 0.2g, folic acid 0.5mg, niacin 40mg and calcium pantothenate 8mg.

[0046] The preparation method of the above-mentioned low-protein feed of miscellaneous grains and miscellaneous meal type for growing pigs comprises the following steps: crushing corn, broken rice, wheat, peas, soybean meal, rice bran, wheat bran, rapeseed meal and corn DDGS, then passing through a 40-mesh sieve, and mixing the sieved raw materials with the remaining raw materials in proportion to obtain the low-protein feed of miscellaneous grains and miscellaneous meal type for growing pigs.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] A miscellaneous grain and miscellaneous meal type low-protein feed for growing pigs, comprising, by weight, 49.7 parts of corn, 17 parts of broken rice, 5 parts of wheat, 5 parts of peas, 10.98 parts of soybean meal, 13.74 parts of rice bran, 2.5 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of rapeseed meal, 3 parts of corn DDGS, 2.11 parts of soybean oil, 1.68 parts of composite amino acids, 1.02 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1.2 parts of premix, 1.04 parts of stone powder and 0.2 parts of sodium chloride for feeding.

[0049] The composite amino acids include, by weight: 0.82 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.32 parts of threonine, 0.19 parts of DL-methionine, 0.12 parts of isoleucine, 0.15 parts of leucine, 0.13 parts of tryptophan, 0.08 parts of valine and 0.06 parts of phenylalanine; the premix includes, by weight: 500 mg of Mg, 3000 mg of K, 0.1 mg of Se, 0.1 mg of I, 3 mg of Mn, 5 mg of Cu, 50 mg of Zn, 60 mg of Fe, 20 mg of V A 1500IU, V D 200IU, V E 10IU, V K 0.4mg, V B1 1.2mg, V B2 3mg, V B6 0.8mg, V B12 8ug, biotin 0.06mg, chloride 0.5g, folic acid 0.2mg, niacin 20mg and calcium pantothenate 8mg.

[0050] The preparation method of the above-mentioned low-protein feed of miscellaneous grains and miscellaneous meal type for growing pigs comprises the following steps: crushing corn, broken rice, wheat, peas, soybean meal, rice bran, wheat bran, rapeseed meal and corn DDGS, then passing through a 40-mesh sieve, and mixing the sieved raw materials with the remaining raw materials in proportion to obtain the low-protein feed of miscellaneous grains and miscellaneous meal type for growing pigs.

[0051] Comparative Example

[0052] A low-protein feed of miscellaneous grains and meal type for growing pigs. The raw materials used include, by mass, 67 parts of corn, 10.98 parts of soybean meal, 2.5 parts of wheat bran, 0.8 parts of soybean oil, 13.74 parts of rice bran, 1.17 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.96 parts of stone powder, 0.3 parts of sodium chloride for feeding and 1 part of premix.

[0053] Among them, the complex amino acids include, by mass, 0.72 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.27 parts of threonine, 0.19 parts of DL-methionine, 0.12 parts of isoleucine, 0.12 parts of tryptophan, 0.08 parts of valine and 0.06 parts of phenylalanine; the premix includes, by mass, 1 kg, 500 mg of Mg, 3000 mg of K, 0.1 mg of Se, 0.1 mg of I, 3 mg of Mn, 5 mg of Cu, 50 mg of Zn, 60 mg of Fe, 1500 IU of VA, 200 IU of VD, 10 IU of VE, 0.4 mg of VK, 1.2 mg of VB1, 3 mg of VB2, 0.8 mg of VB6, 8 ug of VB12, 0.06 mg of biotin, 0.5 g of chloride, 0.2 mg of folic acid, 20 mg of niacin and 10 mg of calcium pantothenate.

[0054] The preparation method of the above-mentioned low-protein feed of miscellaneous grains and miscellaneous meal type for growing pigs comprises the following steps: crushing corn, soybean meal, rice bran and wheat bran, then passing through a 40-mesh sieve, and mixing the sieved raw materials with the remaining raw materials in proportion to obtain the low-protein feed of miscellaneous grains and miscellaneous meal type for growing pigs.

[0055] Experimental Example 1 Growth performance test

[0056] A total of 84 Durbin×Chang×Dag pigs in good health and weighing 21±2.10 kg (60 days old) were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) low-protein corn-soybean meal diet (LP-CON), (2) low-protein fast-digestible diversified diet (LP-Q), (3) low-protein medium-digestible diversified diet (LP-M), and (4) low-protein slow-digestible diversified diet (LP-S). The raw material composition of the feed is shown in Table 1, and the nutritional level is shown in Table 2. There were 21 replicates in each group, and the number of pigs in each replicate was 1.

[0057] Table 1 Composition of experimental diets

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] Table 2 Nutrient levels of experimental diets

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] SID = Standard ileal digestible amino acids.

[0064] The experimental pigs were raised in single cages and fed with powder feed. The pig house was thoroughly disinfected before the experiment, and the feed trough and waterer were cleaned. At the same time, the experimental pigs were routinely immunized and dewormed. They were fed 3 times a day (feeding time was 08:00, 12:00 and 17:00). The temperature of the pig house was controlled at 18-22℃. Their behavior, feeding and drinking conditions were observed every day. The experimental period was 45 days. The initial weight was recorded before feeding on the morning of the first day of the experiment. During the experiment, the daily feeding amount and residual amount of the animals were accurately recorded to calculate the average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed-to-meat ratio, and feed samples were collected; the final weight was weighed on an empty stomach every 30 days. The experimental results are shown in Table 3.

[0065] Table 3 Growth performance data of growing pigs

[0066]

[0067] It can be seen from Table 3 that the LP-M diet significantly reduced the feed-to-weight ratio of growing pigs.

[0068] Experimental Example 2 Nitrogen Balance Test

[0069] The feeding grouping of Experimental Example 1 was used for the experiment. On the 30th day, four pigs with similar weight and age were randomly selected from each group and transferred to metabolic cages for formal experiments. The experimental period was 3 days. During the experiment, the animal's feed intake was accurately recorded, and feed samples, urine and feces were collected. The nitrogen content of the experimental diet and feces dry matter, energy, crude protein, crude fat, AA, crude fiber and urine was determined in accordance with the national standards of the People's Republic of China GB / T 6432-2018, GB / T 6433-2006, GB / T 6435-2014, and GB / T 13883-2008, respectively. Amino acids were determined by a fully automatic amino acid analyzer. The N content in the feed, feces and urine samples was determined in the laboratory according to Zhang Liying's "Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Testing Technology". The experimental results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

[0070] The calculation formulas for nitrogen deposition, nitrogen deposition rate and protein biological value are as follows:

[0071] Nitrogen deposition = ingested nitrogen - fecal nitrogen - urine nitrogen;

[0072] Nitrogen deposition rate (%) = (nitrogen deposition / nitrogen intake) × 100;

[0073] Net protein utilization (%) = [food N - (fecal N - metabolic N) - (urinary N - endogenous N)] / food N;

[0074] Biological value of protein (%) = [nitrogen deposition / (intake nitrogen-fecal nitrogen)] × 100%;

[0075] Table 4 Nitrogen balance data for growing pigs

[0076]

[0077] As can be seen from Table 4, the LP-S diet can significantly improve nitrogen deposition, protein net utilization and protein biological value of growing pigs.

[0078] Table 5 Apparent digestibility data of substances in growing pigs

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] It can be seen from Table 5 that LP-Q, LP-M, and LP-S diets had no adverse effects on the digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), crude fiber (CF), crude ash (Ash), Ca, and P in growing pigs, and LP-M and LP-S diets had no negative impact on the digestibility of 18 amino acids.

[0082] Experimental Example 3: Amino Acid Metabolic Kinetics Test

[0083] The feeding grouping of Experimental Example 1 was used for the experiment. On the 30th day, each group of experimental pigs weighing 30 kg were selected to surgically install a jugular vein catheter under general anesthesia. After fasting overnight, the pigs were cleaned and pre-medicated with intramuscular injection of ketamine 15 mg / kg BW (Imalgene 1000). Atomized isoflurane (isoflurane) was mixed with oxygen (3-5%) and anesthetized with a gas mask. The indwelling silicone catheter was inserted through the collateral vein of the right external jugular vein and exposed through the back of the pig's neck, and then stored in a reinforced elastic pocket just above the exposed part. The wound was cleaned and disinfected on the 2nd and 4th days after surgery. The amount of feed was gradually increased on the 3rd day after surgery, and the catheter was flushed with iodine solution every other day. In addition, 1 mL of amoxicillin was provided for every 10 kg of body weight on the 2nd and 4th days after surgery, and the amount of feed was gradually increased on the 3rd day after surgery. The catheter was flushed with 5 mL of saline containing heparin (1%) every two days. The temperature was controlled at 26°C, the relative humidity was 60%, and the light was 12h per day.

[0084] One week after recovery from surgery, the first blood sample was collected after an overnight fast before blood collection. Then a small amount of feed (about 450 g) was given to ensure that the pigs ate within 10 minutes. Blood was collected at 20, 40, 60, 90, 150 and 210 minutes after the meal. During this period, no feed was given, but water was freely available. For each blood collection, 5 mL of blood was collected through the catheter and transported with a heparin-coated catheter. After each sampling, the catheter was rinsed with sterile saline, and the collected blood was immediately placed on an ice plate and centrifuged (3000 g, 4 ° C, 10 min) to separate plasma. The plasma samples were then stored at -80 ° C for analysis. Six pigs were collected from each treatment group. The Nanjing Jiancheng kit was purchased, and plasma glucose, insulin and urea were measured according to the instructions. Serum amino acids were measured using a fully automatic amino acid analyzer.

[0085] Two-factor repeated measures statistical method was adopted to analyze the postprandial index concentrations using SPSS V26.0.0. Diet (Diet: LP-CON, LP-Q, LP-M, LP-S), sampling time (Time) and time × diet were used as main effects, and time was a smooth continuous variable.

[0086] Plasma AA concentrations were further analyzed by nonlinear regression using a modified Erlang function. This model assumes the existence of a target AA concentration that the animal attempts to maintain, which may be affected by the intake of the test meal, resulting in a model with three or four parameters. When the initial and final concentrations were similar, a three-parameter model was used to describe the postprandial plasma dynamics, while a four-parameter model was used when the two concentrations were different. Depending on the AA, the model used in the experiment was as follows:

[0087] The three-parameter model is:

[0088]

[0089] The four-parameter model is:

[0090]

[0091] In the formula, C (t) is the plasma AA concentration at the time of sampling, μm; C0 is the target AA concentration during the 30 min before meal (i.e., t = 0), μm; C δ is the change in target AA concentration relative to C0, μm; AUC is the metabolic exposure, that is, the area enclosed by the curve and C0, μm min; λ is the postprandial change rate of AA concentration, 1 / min.

[0092] For the four-parameter model, λ was also the rate of change of the target AA concentration. Model selection was performed on a per-AA basis to compare parameter values ​​of the same model between different diets. First, individual plasma concentrations of 18 protein-derived AA were fitted with a four-parameter model using the NLS2 package in R software. For a particular AA, regardless of diet, if at least half of the pigs (eight pigs) had a C δ If α is not zero, the four-parameter model is used. In other cases, the three-parameter model is used to correct for amino acid concentrations.

[0093] The experimental results are as follows Figure 1-Figure 24 As shown in Tables 6 to 10.

[0094] Table 6 Average glucose concentration, average insulin concentration, and average urea concentration in pig plasma after meal

[0095]

[0096] Table 7 Parameter estimates for initial concentrations (C0) of postprandial plasma amino acids in growing pigs from different treatment groups

[0097]

[0098] Table 8 Parameters of the area under the curve (AUC) of postprandial plasma amino acid kinetics in growing pigs of different treatment groups

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] Table 9 Parameter estimates of the rate of change (λ) of postprandial plasma amino acid dynamics in growing pigs from different treatment groups

[0102]

[0103]

[0104] Table 10 Changes in plasma amino acid kinetics after meal in growing pigs of different treatment groups (C δ ) parameter estimates

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] from Figure 1-Figure 3 As can be seen from Table 6 , there was no difference in glucose metabolism among the LP-Q, LP-M, and LP-S groups compared with LP-CON.

[0108] from Figure 4-Figure 21 As can be seen from Tables 7 to 10, the concentrations of amino acids in the plasma of growing pigs in the LP-Q group reached the peak first, while the area under the curve (AUC) of alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, serine, and valine in the LP-S group were significantly higher than those in the LP-CON group, indicating that the amino acids in the LP-S diet were highly available.

[0109] Fig. 22 is the change in the apparent amount of amino acids reaching the plasma of growing pigs fed the LP-Q diet relative to the difference in dietary amino acid supply of the LP-CON diet, Fig.23 is the change in the apparent amount of amino acids reaching the plasma of growing pigs fed the LP-M diet relative to the difference in dietary amino acid supply of the LP-CON diet, Fig.24 The apparent amount of amino acids reaching the plasma of growing pigs fed the LP-S diet relative to the difference in dietary amino acid supply from the LP-CON diet. Figure 22-Figure 24 It can be seen that LP-S diet can reduce the initial metabolism of amino acids in the liver and intestine, thereby improving the utilization of amino acids by peripheral tissues.

Claims

1. A low-protein feed for growing pigs, characterized in that: The raw materials used include, by weight: 40.42-49.7 parts of corn, 3-17 parts of broken rice, 5-16 parts of wheat, 5-12 parts of peas, 2.12-10.98 parts of soybean meal, 0.9-13.74 parts of rice bran, 2.5-10 parts of wheat bran, 2-3 parts of rapeseed meal, 2-3 parts of corn DDGS, 0.8-2.11 parts of soybean oil, 1.68-2.09 parts of complex amino acids, 1.02-1.17 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts of premix, 0.96-1.04 parts of stone powder and 0.2-0.4 parts of sodium chloride for feed.

2. The low-protein feed for growing pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials used include, by mass, 45 parts of corn, 10 parts of broken rice, 10 parts of wheat, 8 parts of peas, 6 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of rice bran, 6 parts of wheat bran, 2.5 parts of rapeseed meal, 2.5 parts of corn DDGS, 1.5 parts of soybean oil, 1.8 parts of complex amino acids, 1.1 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1 part of premix, 1 part of stone powder and 0.3 parts of sodium chloride for feed.

3. The low-protein feed for growing pigs according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The composite amino acids include, by weight, 0.72-0.82 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.27-0.32 parts of threonine, 0.19-0.22 parts of DL-methionine, 0.12-0.2 parts of isoleucine, 0.12-0.15 parts of leucine, 0.12-0.13 parts of tryptophan, 0.08-0.14 parts of valine and 0.06-0.11 parts of phenylalanine.

4. The low-protein feed for growing pigs according to claim 3, characterized in that: The composite amino acids include, by weight, 0.77 parts of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.3 parts of threonine, 0.2 parts of DL-methionine, 0.16 parts of isoleucine, 0.13 parts of leucine, 0.12 parts of tryptophan, 0.11 parts of valine and 0.09 parts of phenylalanine.

5. The low-protein feed for growing pigs according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The premix comprises, based on 1 kg, 300-500 mg Mg, 2000-3000 mg K, 0.1-0.3 mg Se, 0.1-0.2 mg I, 1-3 mg Mn, 4-5 mg Cu, 50-70 mg Zn, 60-70 mg Fe, A 1000-1500IU, V D 100-200IU, V E 10-15IU, V K 0.4-0.6mg, V B1 0.9-1.2mg, V B2 2-3mg, V B6 0.8-1.5mg, V B12 8-12ug, biotin 0.04-0.06mg, chloride 0.2-0.5g, folic acid 0.2-0.5mg, niacin 20-40mg and calcium pantothenate 8mg.

6. The low-protein feed for growing pigs according to claim 5, characterized in that: The premix contains 400 mg Mg, 2500 mg K, 0.204 mg Se, 0.15 mg I, 2.1 mg Mn, 4.36 mg Cu, 62 mg Zn, 66.2 mg Fe, and 1.5 mg V. A 1370IU, V D 158IU, V E 12IU、V K 0.53mg, V B1 1.1mg, V B2 2.6mg, V B6 1.1mg, V B12 9.9ug, biotin 0.05mg, chloride 0.32g, folic acid 0.32mg, niacin 31.6mg and calcium pantothenate 8mg.

7. The method for preparing the low-protein feed of miscellaneous grains and miscellaneous meals for growing pigs according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials in proportion to obtain the low-protein feed of miscellaneous grains and miscellaneous meal type for growing pigs.

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