A method for operating a high-frequency ventilator based on flow control and the high-frequency ventilator

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of high-frequency ventilator technology and discloses a high-frequency ventilator operating method based on flow control. The high-frequency ventilator sequentially outputs multiple average airway flow rates of the same or different magnitudes and with the same or different durations according to a set periodic pattern. The airway flow rate output is stable during the expiratory and inspiratory phases, and the average airway flow rate can be output at the same or different magnitudes during different inspiratory and expiratory phases. The output gas flow rate of the high-frequency ventilator can be independently adjusted periodically between different ventilation flow rate levels within different durations. In high-frequency ventilation, the flow control-based high-frequency ventilation method can precisely control the gas flow rate and time. Flow control ventilation can better control changes in airway pressure. By setting appropriate flow rates and times, the delivery volume of the device can be accurately estimated to reduce airway pressure and risks, and lower the possibility of barotrauma.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-frequency ventilator technology, and in particular to a high-frequency ventilator operating method based on flow control and a high-frequency ventilator. Background Technology

[0002] High-frequency ventilation (HFV) refers to a mechanical ventilation method where the ventilation rate is more than four times the normal respiratory rate, while the tidal volume is close to or less than the anatomical dead space. Common HFV methods primarily utilize pressure control and volume control. HF pressure control ventilation includes three modes: high-frequency positive pressure ventilation, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, and high-frequency jet ventilation. HF volume control ventilation includes three modes: high-frequency volume control ventilation, oscillatory volume control ventilation, and high-frequency limited volume ventilation. Diffusion and convection play major roles in gas exchange, but under normal conditions, diffusion alone is insufficient to maintain normal blood gases. When a high-frequency airflow moves forward in the distal airway, the velocity profile is parabolic. The gas in the center of the airway flows faster than the periphery. As the parabola extends forward, the exchange interface between the inhaled fresh gas and the gas already present in the airway expands, increasing lateral gas diffusion. When diffusion combines with convection, gas propagation and exchange are greatly increased. Simultaneously, high-frequency oscillations have a stirring effect on gas molecules, which also facilitates gas exchange. Currently, high-frequency ventilation is widely used in clinical practice and is suitable for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with some severe respiratory diseases, such as upper airway surgery, bronchoscopy, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, severe pneumonia, and ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome). It can improve ventilation and oxygenation, reduce respiratory burden, provide better gas exchange, and help patients recover.

[0003] However, high-frequency ventilation also has some drawbacks:

[0004] (1) Current high-frequency ventilation cannot guarantee the coordination between the high-frequency ventilator and the patient, and cannot guarantee the synchronization of breathing with the patient, which can easily cause discomfort to the patient.

[0005] (2) It is not easy to control airway pressure, which increases the possibility of barotrauma and can also easily cause respiratory muscle fatigue, resulting in poor ventilation therapy effect;

[0006] (3) High-frequency ventilation mode is limited and has limited adaptability to different patients or conditions, and cannot quickly meet the specific respiratory needs of patients. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a high-frequency ventilator operating method based on flow control. This high-frequency ventilation method based on flow control can precisely control the flow rate and duration of gas. Flow control ventilation can better control changes in airway pressure. By setting appropriate flow rate and duration, airway pressure and risks can be reduced, and the possibility of barotrauma can be decreased.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0009] Firstly, a high-frequency ventilator operating method based on flow control is provided. The high-frequency ventilator sequentially outputs multiple average airway flow rates of the same or different magnitudes and with the same or different durations according to a set periodic pattern. The airway flow rate output is stable during the expiratory and inspiratory phases, while the average airway flow rate output is the same or different magnitudes during different inspiratory and expiratory phases. The output gas flow rate can be independently adjusted periodically between different ventilation flow rates within different durations. The output gas flow rate can also periodically switch between different average airway flow rate levels within different durations. The average airway flow rate is calculated based on a baseline average airway flow rate level, and each average airway flow rate can be independently adjusted.

[0010] As a further implementation, each time period may include one or more respiratory cycles, and the switching of different flow rates is time-controlled, but the switching of breathing can be done through voluntary control or time control.

[0011] As a further implementation, the expiratory average airway flow is at least the baseline average airway flow, and the inspiratory average airway flow is the sum of the baseline average airway flow and the inspiratory average supporting airway flow.

[0012] As a further implementation, the high-frequency ventilator has an electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector and an electromagnetic high-frequency oscillator connected in parallel on the breathing tubing, thereby forming three ventilation modes, including high-frequency constant flow ventilation, variable flow high-frequency oscillation ventilation, and variable flow high-frequency jet ventilation, and the corresponding ventilation mode can be selected according to different needs.

[0013] As a further implementation method, under different ventilation modes, based on multiple baseline average airway flow rates of the same or different sizes, the respective inspiratory phase average support airway flow rates are superimposed during the inspiratory phase, and ventilation is carried out according to their respective time periods.

[0014] As a further implementation, the high-frequency constant flow ventilation mode controls and adjusts the output airflow through a controller, and the output flow waveform is a square wave; the variable flow high-frequency oscillation ventilation mode generates high-frequency airflow through an electromagnetic high-frequency oscillator and delivers it to the breathing circuit, and the output pressure is a sine wave; the variable flow high-frequency jet ventilation uses electromagnetic force to drive the jet needle through an electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector to eject high-frequency airflow into the breathing circuit, and the output flow waveform is a triangular wave.

[0015] As a further implementation method, for different ventilation modes, the triggering is initiated by the high-frequency ventilator at regular intervals or when the inspiratory flow reaches a set flow threshold to start control, assisted, supported or spontaneous ventilation.

[0016] As a further implementation, gas flow information is acquired through a flow sensor to generate a flow-time image; pressure information is acquired through a pressure sensor to generate a pressure-time image; airway flow is monitored and adjusted through a gas flow monitoring and adjustment device; and the operating parameters of the high-frequency ventilator are adjusted based on the flow-time image curve, the pressure-time image curve, and blood gas analysis.

[0017] Secondly, a high-frequency ventilator operates using any of the flow-controlled high-frequency ventilator operating methods described above, including a breathing tubing. An electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector and an electromagnetic oscillator are installed in parallel on the breathing tubing. The breathing tubing is connected to an air-oxygen-nitrogen mixer via a heating and humidification device. A pressure sensor and a flow sensor are installed on the tubing between the air-oxygen-nitrogen mixer and the heating and humidification device. The sensors and a flow monitoring and regulating device are arranged in parallel. The electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector, the electromagnetic oscillator, the sensor, and the flow monitoring and regulating device are connected to a display via a controller.

[0018] As a further implementation, the air-oxygen-nitrogen mixer is connected to an axial flow fan via an air filter.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. In high-frequency ventilation, the flow control-based high-frequency ventilation method of this invention can accurately control the gas volume output by the device. Flow control ventilation can better control changes in airway pressure. By setting appropriate flow rate and time, airway pressure and risks can be reduced, and the possibility of barotrauma can be decreased.

[0021] 2. In high-frequency ventilation, the flow-controlled high-frequency ventilation method of this invention can improve the coordination between the ventilator and the patient: flow-controlled ventilation requires better coordination between the patient and the ventilator. By precisely controlling the gas flow rate and time, it is possible to better synchronize with the patient's breathing, reducing discomfort and incoordination.

[0022] 3. In high-frequency ventilation, flow-controlled high-frequency ventilation methods reduce respiratory power consumption, alleviate respiratory muscle fatigue, shorten ventilator weaning time, thereby reducing the risk of nosocomial infection and mitigating the degree of ventilator-induced lung injury.

[0023] 4. This invention enables multi-mode switching of high-frequency ventilation, increases the convenience of high-frequency ventilation, shortens switching time, reduces the occurrence of accidents, and provides great convenience for medical staff; during high-frequency ventilation, the output concentration, flow rate and ratio of oxygen source and nitric oxide source are precisely controlled. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-frequency ventilator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ventilation state of the high-frequency ventilator in VFHFOV mode in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ventilation state of the high-frequency ventilator in VFHFJV mode in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the ventilation state of the high-frequency ventilator in HFCFV mode in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] The diagram exaggerates the spacing or dimensions between parts to show their positions; the diagram is for illustrative purposes only.

[0030] The components include: 1. Pressure reducing valve, 2. Proportional valve, 3. Axial flow fan, 4. Air filter, 5. Air-oxygen-nitrogen mixer, 6. Pressure sensor, 7. Flow sensor, 8. Heating and humidification device, 9. Flow monitoring and regulating device, 10. Breathing tubing, 11. Electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector, 12. Electromagnetic high-frequency oscillator, 13. Patient, 14. Controller, 15. Display, and 16. Safety valve. Detailed Implementation

[0031] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0032] Terminology Explanation:

[0033] VFHFOV: Converter high-frequency oscillating ventilation;

[0034] VFHFJV: Variable frequency high-frequency jet ventilation;

[0035] HFCFV: High-frequency constant flow air;

[0036] Duration 1: The first effective time period;

[0037] Duration 2: The second period of time during which the action takes effect;

[0038] Duration 3: The third period of time during which the action takes effect;

[0039] BMAF: Baseline Mean Airway Flow;

[0040] ISMAF: Inspiratory Phase Support Mean Airway Flow.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 1 As shown, a high-frequency ventilator based on flow control operates by sequentially outputting multiple average airway flow rates of the same or different magnitudes and with the same or different durations (Duration 1, Duration 2, and Duration 3, etc.) according to a set periodic pattern. The airway flow rate output is stable during the expiratory and inspiratory phases, and the average airway flow rate can be output with the same or different magnitudes during different inspiratory and expiratory phases. The output gas flow rate can be independently adjusted periodically between different ventilation flow rates within different durations. The output gas flow rate can also periodically switch between different average airway flow rate levels within different durations. The average airway flow rate is calculated based on a baseline average airway flow rate level, and each average airway flow rate can be independently adjusted.

[0043] Each effective time period may include one and more respiratory cycles, that is, one or more inspiratory-expiratory transitions, and the different flow rate transitions are time-controlled, but the inspiratory-expiratory transitions within each effective time period are controlled by the patient or by time.

[0044] Under the above-mentioned high-frequency ventilator operation method, according to the controller instructions of the high-frequency ventilator, the high-frequency ventilator can output three high-frequency ventilation modes, namely variable flow high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (VFHFOV), variable flow high-frequency jet ventilation (VFHFJV), and high-frequency constant flow ventilation (HFCFV). The three modes are referred to as VFHFOV, VFHFJV, and HFCFV below.

[0045] The high-frequency ventilator ventilation implemented in this embodiment is based on flow control and can output average airway flow, which includes average airway flow during the expiratory phase and average airway flow during the inspiratory phase.

[0046] The expiratory average airway flow rate is the average airway flow rate input to the patient during the expiratory phase according to the set time period. The expiratory average airway flow rate is at least the baseline average airway flow rate. The baseline average airway flow rate refers to the initial average airway flow rate output by the high-frequency ventilator after receiving the high-frequency ventilation command from the control system.

[0047] Inspiratory mean airway flow is the average airway flow input to the patient during the inspiration phase, according to the set duration. Inspiratory mean airway flow is the baseline mean airway flow plus inspiratory mean support airway flow (ISMAF). Inspiratory mean airway flow and expiratory mean airway flow are output alternately.

[0048] Understandably, baseline mean airway flow refers to the initial mean airway flow output by the high-frequency ventilator after receiving a high-frequency ventilation command from the controller. Inspiratory mean support airway flow (ISMAF) is the average airway flow output by the high-frequency ventilator during the inspiratory phase after receiving a high-frequency ventilation command, superimposed on the baseline mean airway flow. Both baseline mean airway flow and inspiratory mean support airway flow can be further set and adjusted based on EIT monitoring data, arterial blood gas results (such as PaO2 and PaCO2), end-expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure, transcutaneous tissue oxygen partial pressure, and transcutaneous tissue carbon dioxide partial pressure, as well as the patient's condition.

[0049] The high-frequency ventilator can be connected in parallel with an electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector and an electromagnetic high-frequency oscillator at the patient interface. The VFHFJV mode is achieved through the electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector, and the VFHFOV mode is achieved through the electromagnetic high-frequency oscillator. The HFCFV mode can be achieved by turning off the electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector and the electromagnetic high-frequency oscillator and adjusting the respiratory rate and inspiratory-expiratory ratio. According to different needs, medical staff can select the corresponding ventilation mode to meet the adaptability of different patients or conditions and meet the specific respiratory needs of patients.

[0050] High-frequency ventilators can work independently in each ventilation mode and can be switched between each other. Each ventilation mode is equipped with a corresponding breathing tubing and has multiple interfaces with the patient.

[0051] In VFHFOV mode, an electromagnetic high-frequency oscillator drives a piston to vibrate back and forth using electromagnetic force, generating a high-frequency airflow that is delivered to the patient's respiratory system through the breathing tubing. The output pressure waveform is a sine wave. The inspiratory mean airway flow rate is generated by the sinusoidal airflow output by the ventilator, while the expiratory mean airway flow rate is caused by the ventilator actively drawing air out.

[0052] The electromagnetic high-frequency oscillator is equipped with an electromagnetic drive device, which consists of an electromagnetic coil and a piston. When the electromagnetic coil receives current, it generates a magnetic field, which acts on the piston, thereby driving the piston's movement. It has high precision and adjustability.

[0053] Electromagnetic high-frequency oscillators also include an oscillating airflow generating device, which typically consists of an air source, a pressure regulating device, a filtering device, and airflow delivery tubing. The controller issues commands, which, through an electromagnetic drive device, cause the piston to move back and forth, thereby generating oscillating force in the oscillating airflow generating device, enabling the high-frequency ventilator to oscillate at a certain frequency and operate with a tidal volume lower than the anatomical dead space.

[0054] In VFHFJV mode, the electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector uses electromagnetic force to drive the jet needle, ejecting a high-frequency airflow into the breathing circuit and reaching the patient's airway. The output flow waveform is a triangular wave. The average airway flow during the inspiratory phase is generated by the triangular wave airflow output by the ventilator, while the average airway flow during the expiratory phase is caused by the combined effect of the patient's exhalation and the airflow output by the ventilator. The electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector consists of an electromagnetic jet needle, a needle hub, and a connecting tube. The controller issues a command, and the electromagnetically driven jet needle operates, allowing the high-frequency airflow from the ventilator to be ejected into the airway through the jet needle, completing ventilation.

[0055] In HFCFV mode, the output airflow is controlled and regulated by the controller, and the output flow waveform is a square wave. The average airway flow during the inspiratory phase is generated by the airflow output by the ventilator, while the average airway flow during the expiratory phase is caused by the combined effect of the patient's exhalation and the airflow output by the ventilator. In addition, HFCFV ventilation mode can perform constant-frequency ventilation (ventilation rate of about 12-24 breaths / min).

[0056] In all three modes, the trigger-ventilation-switching of the ventilator is independent. Triggering is initiated by the ventilator at set intervals or when the patient's inspiration reaches a trigger threshold (flow triggering), initiating controlled, assisted, supported, or spontaneous ventilation. During ventilation, inspiratory flow is managed by flow rate; that is, ventilation limitation is set by a set flow rate (pressure variable). By setting the ventilatory flow rate for each cycle, flow-based ventilator ventilation is achieved. Ventilation is terminated either by the patient or by a set time; that is, the inspiratory-expiratory switching is determined by the patient or by a set inspiratory time, reducing patient discomfort.

[0057] In different ventilation modes, multiple baseline average airway flow rates of the same or different sizes are used as a basis, and the average support airway flow rate of each inspiratory phase is superimposed during the inspiratory phase, and ventilation is carried out according to their respective time periods.

[0058] During high-frequency ventilation, the high-frequency ventilator can output one or more average airway flow rates of different sizes during the inspiratory and expiratory phases within a certain time period. The inspiratory and expiratory phases are output alternately and have multiple identical or different time periods. Multiple identical or different time periods can be set according to the patient's vital signs, arterial blood gas analysis indicators and other disease monitoring indicators.

[0059] The baseline mean airway flow and the inspiratory mean support airway flow can be set and adjusted based on EIT, arterial blood gas results (such as PaO2, PaCO2), end-expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure, transcutaneous tissue oxygen partial pressure, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure, and patient condition feedback.

[0060] The variation and magnitude of high-frequency ventilation time are set according to pulmonary function parameters, including the magnitude of elastic and inelastic resistance and the magnitude of lung compliance.

[0061] Under this ventilation method, the high-frequency ventilator can output three high-frequency ventilation modes according to the controller command: VFHFOV, VFHFJV, and HFCFV. Each ventilation mode works independently and can be switched between each other. Each ventilation mode is equipped with a corresponding breathing circuit.

[0062] like Figures 2-4 As shown, for ease of description, only BMAF1, BMAF2 and BMAF3 will be described below.

[0063] When a high-frequency ventilator operates at BMAF1, the average airway flow rate output during the expiratory phase is at least the baseline average airway flow rate 1 (BMAF1). During the inspiratory phase, the average airway flow rate output is the sum of the baseline average airway flow rate 1 (BMAF1) and the inspiratory support average airway flow rate 1 (ISMAF1). The output alternates between the inspiratory and expiratory phases throughout the respiratory cycle, and both the inspiratory and expiratory average airway flow rates can operate within durations 1, 2, 3, ... . The same applies to BMAF2 and BMAF3.

[0064] The high-frequency ventilator of the present invention has the above-described ventilation method. The relevant parameters of the high-frequency ventilator under this ventilation method can be set: baseline average airway flow (BMAF1, BMAF2, BMAF3, BMAF4…) and inspiratory phase support average airway flow (ISMAF1, ISMAF2, ISMAF3, ISMAF4…) and their respective durations (Duration 1, Duration 2, Duration 3,…), tidal volume (Vt), bias flow, inhaled oxygen concentration (FiO2), oscillation flow amplitude (ΔF), oscillation frequency (Hz), inspiratory time ratio (1%), inhaled NO concentration, variable-frequency ventilation mode switching module, trigger sensitivity, and other basic parameters. It is equipped with a monitoring and feedback module, an alarm module, and a display. During ventilation, it acquires gas flow information through a flow sensor to generate a flow-time image; it acquires pressure information through a pressure sensor to generate a pressure-time image; and it monitors and adjusts airway flow through a gas flow monitoring and adjustment device. Based on the flow-time image curve, pressure-time image curve, and blood gas analysis, it adjusts the high-frequency ventilator's operating parameters. It feeds back monitoring data such as tidal volume, minute ventilation, end-expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure, transcutaneous tissue oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure, carbon dioxide diffusion coefficient, and inhaled NO concentration to the monitoring interface. Based on the values ​​on the monitoring interface, it adjusts the relevant parameters to achieve the treatment goals of this ventilation mode.

[0065] The ventilation method provided by this invention enables ventilation based on multiple basic average flow rates (BMAF1, BMAF2, BMAF3…) of different or the same size, with each inspiratory support average airway flow rate (ISMAF1, ISMAF2, ISMAF3…) superimposed during the inspiratory phase, and ventilation performed according to their respective durations (Duration1, Duration2, Duration3…).

[0066] The baseline mean airway flow (BMAF), inspiratory support mean airway flow (ISMAF), and their corresponding durations (Duration 1, Duration 2, Duration 3, etc.) are set according to the patient's condition. The durations of the expiratory and inspiratory phases are set appropriately. The BMAF can be set from 0 cmH2O to the maximum safe ventilation flow that the patient can tolerate, and the same applies to the ISMAF.

[0067] like Figure 2As shown: The output airway flow waveform of the high-frequency ventilator in VFHFOV mode is a sine wave. The horizontal axis is time and the vertical axis is the average airway flow, including the average airway flow during the inspiratory phase (basal average airway flow + inspiratory support average airway flow) and the average airway flow during the expiratory phase (basal average airway flow). Only Duration1, Duration2 and (Duration3) are shown as examples in the figure.

[0068] like Figure 3 As shown: The output airway flow waveform of the high-frequency ventilator in VFHFJV mode is a triangular wave. The horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the average airway flow, including the average airway flow during the inspiratory phase (baseline average airway flow + inspiratory support average airway flow) and the average airway flow during the expiratory phase (baseline average airway flow). The figure only uses Duration1, Duration2, and (Duration3) as examples.

[0069] like Figure 4 As shown: The airway flow waveform output by the high-frequency ventilator in HFCFV mode is a square wave. The horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the average airway flow, including the average airway flow during the inspiratory phase (baseline average airway flow + inspiratory support average airway flow) and the average airway flow during the expiratory phase (baseline average airway flow). The figure only uses Duration 1, Duration 2, and (Duration 3) as examples.

[0070] Figures 2-4 In the three high-frequency ventilation modes, the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents airway flow. The airway flow rate is set specifically according to the patient's condition before ventilation.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] A high-frequency ventilator includes a breathing circuit, such as Figure 1 As shown, the structure of a high-frequency ventilator mainly includes a pressure reducing valve 1, a proportional valve 2, an axial flow fan 3, an air filter 4, an air-oxygen-nitrogen mixer 5, a pressure sensor 6, a flow sensor 7, a heating and humidification device 8, a flow monitoring and regulating device 9, a breathing tubing 10, an electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector 11, an electromagnetic high-frequency oscillator 12, a patient 13, a controller 14, a display 15, and a safety valve 16.

[0073] An electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector 11 and an electromagnetic oscillator 12 are connected in parallel at the end of the breathing tubing 10 closest to the patient 13. The breathing tubing 10 is connected to the air-oxygen-nitrogen mixer 5 via a heating and humidification device 8 and corresponding tubing. A solenoid valve 16, a pressure sensor 6, and a flow sensor 7 are sequentially installed on the tubing from the air-oxygen-nitrogen mixer 5 to the heating and humidification device 8. A safety valve 15 is also installed on the breathing tubing. A flow monitoring and regulating device 9 is located between the solenoid valve 16 and the heating and humidification device 8, and is connected in parallel with the pressure sensor 6 and the flow sensor 7.

[0074] The air-oxygen-nitrogen mixer 5 is connected to the axial flow fan 3 via the air filter 4. The system includes an electromagnetic high-frequency injection connector 11, an electromagnetic oscillator 12, a sensor, a flow monitoring and regulating device 9, a solenoid valve 16, a safety valve 15, and the axial flow fan 3 is connected to the display 15 via the controller 14. The air-oxygen-nitrogen mixer 5 is also connected to a gas source (O2 and NO) via a proportional valve 2 and a pressure reducing valve 1. It can be connected to both an oxygen source and a nitric oxide source, allowing for individual or mixed gas output. The corresponding monitoring components enable this high-frequency ventilator to provide ventilation and parameter monitoring feedback (mean airway pressure and airway flow).

[0075] The controller 14 in this embodiment includes a control system with control and monitoring feedback functions. It adjusts the high-frequency ventilator parameters based on patient feedback, flow-time image curves, pressure-time image curves, tidal volume-time images, and blood gas analysis results from the monitoring system, thereby achieving the treatment goals of this ventilation mode. The controller 14 is an electrically powered control system that provides ventilation modes according to set parameters (setting parameters) and feedback information (monitoring parameters). The display can set ventilator parameters and display monitoring parameters.

[0076] The control system of the aforementioned high-frequency ventilator can operate three ventilation modes, including flow-controlled variable high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (VFHFOV), flow-controlled variable high-frequency jet ventilation (VFHFJV), and flow-controlled high-frequency constant ventilation (HFCFV). The three modes can be switched between each other as needed, and can operate independently as described in Example 1.

[0077] The air-oxygen-nitrogen mixer 5 controls the intake oxygen concentration, intake NO concentration, and ventilation flow rate through the proportional valve 2 and the pressure reducing valve 1; the heating and humidification device 8 heats and humidifies the oscillating airflow, jet airflow, etc.

[0078] The controller of the high-frequency ventilator is equipped with a monitoring module for monitoring the operating status and corresponding parameters of the high-frequency ventilator in different modes and feeding the data back to the display. The monitoring module includes an end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure monitoring module and a transcutaneous tissue oxygen / carbon dioxide partial pressure monitoring module, as well as corresponding parameter monitoring modules.

[0079] The connection point of the breathing circuit to the patient can be connected to various interfaces, such as endotracheal tubes, tracheostomies, nasal connectors, and face masks. Endotracheal tubes and tracheostomies are double-lumen tubes, one lumen for ventilation and the other for monitoring airway pressure and flow. Face masks can be oral-nasal masks or full-face masks.

[0080] The monitor allows users to switch between different modes and set corresponding parameters via the settings module.

[0081] The parameter settings include baseline average airway flow (BMAF), inspiratory support average airway flow (ISMAF), tidal volume (Vt), baseline airflow, inhaled oxygen concentration (FiO2), oscillation flow amplitude (ΔF), oscillation frequency (Hz), inspiratory time ratio (1%), respiratory rate (f), inhaled NO concentration, variable flow high-frequency ventilation mode switching module, duration, trigger sensitivity, alarm device, etc.

[0082] The controller can control the gas path, gas flow monitoring and regulation device, electromagnetic HFO oscillator, and electromagnetic high-frequency injection connector through control algorithms to control the required output flow rate, inhaled oxygen concentration, inhaled NO concentration, and operating timing.

[0083] Average airway flow monitoring uses a flow sensor to transmit the airway flow signal detected in the ventilation line to the controller, which then transmits the average airway flow data and flow-time image to the display.

[0084] Mean airway pressure monitoring uses a pressure sensor to transmit the airway pressure signal detected in the ventilation line to the controller, which then transmits the data to the display to show airway pressure data and pressure-time images.

[0085] The output form of the monitored ventilator operating parameters can be respiratory waveform, respiratory loop, specific values, etc.

[0086] The parameters monitored by the parameter monitoring module include baseline mean airway flow (BMAF), inspiratory support mean airway flow (ISMAF), inhaled oxygen concentration (FiO2), oscillation flow amplitude (ΔF), oscillation frequency (Hz), inspiratory time (s), respiratory rate (f), mean airway flow-time curve waveform and size, minute ventilation (MV), carbon dioxide diffusion coefficient (DCO2), tidal volume (Vt), end-expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure, transcutaneous tissue oxygen / carbon dioxide partial pressure, and inhaled NO monitoring concentration.

[0087] The oscillation flow amplitude in high-frequency oscillatory ventilation refers to the peak flow difference of the oscillating airflow, that is, the difference between the maximum and minimum flow rates during airflow oscillation, indicating the magnitude of the airflow oscillation during the respiratory cycle. The oscillation frequency (Hz) in high-frequency oscillatory ventilation is the number of oscillations per minute.

[0088] The high-frequency ventilator in this embodiment is based on the working method of the embodiment to achieve ventilation based on flow control. The high-frequency ventilator outputs a stable airway flow to the patient during the expiratory and inspiratory phases. The output airway flow can be the same or different in different expiratory phases, and the same applies to the inspiratory phase. Furthermore, the output gas flow can periodically switch between different average airway flow levels during different operating time periods. The average airway flow is calculated based on the baseline average airway flow level, and each average airway flow can be adjusted independently. This is a high-frequency ventilation method based on flow control.

[0089] The ventilator outputs gas sequentially: a high-speed airflow generated by axial flow fan 3 is then mixed with oxygen and NO sources in air-oxygen-nitrogen mixer 5. The inhaled oxygen and NO concentrations are adjusted by proportional valve 2. Controller 14 controls axial flow fan 3 to output high-speed, constant airflows of varying magnitudes, which can then operate normally in different modes via electromagnetic oscillator 12 or electromagnetic jet probe 11. Airflow is monitored and adjusted by gas flow monitoring and adjustment device 9. Impurities in the air-oxygen-nitrogen mixture are filtered out by air filter 4, and the mixture is then output to breathing tubing 10 via heating and humidification device 8. Breathing tubing 10 connects to the patient's airway via interface 13. The flow signal acquisition module in the controller feeds back the gas flow signal monitored by flow sensor 7 to the control module, forming an airflow closed-loop control system. Similarly, the tubing pressure signal acquisition module in the controller feeds back the air pressure signal monitored by pressure sensor to the control module, forming a pressure closed-loop system.

[0090] The basic parameters, such as baseline mean airway flow (BMAF 1, BMAF 2, BMAF 3…) and inspiratory support mean airway flow (ISMAF1, ISMAF 2, ISMAF 3…), their respective durations (Duration 1, Duration 2, Duration 3,…), tidal volume (Vt), bias flow, inspiratory oxygen concentration (FiO2), oscillatory flow amplitude (ΔF), oscillation frequency (Hz), inspiratory time ratio (1%), inspiratory NO concentration, variable-frequency ventilation mode switching module, trigger sensitivity, and alarm devices, are set through the human-machine interface on the monitor. Simultaneously, the operating parameters of the high-frequency ventilator and monitoring parameters such as carbon dioxide diffusion coefficient (DCO2) and tidal volume (Vt) are fed back to the human-machine interface. Based on patient feedback, flow-time curves, pressure-time curves, blood gas analysis results, and algorithms, the high-frequency ventilator parameters are adjusted to achieve the treatment goals for this ventilation mode.

[0091] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-frequency ventilator, characterized in that, It includes a breathing tubing, which is connected in parallel with an electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector and an electromagnetic high-frequency oscillator, forming three ventilation modes: high-frequency constant flow ventilation, variable flow high-frequency oscillation ventilation, and variable flow high-frequency jet ventilation. According to different needs, the corresponding ventilation mode is output by receiving controller commands. For different ventilation modes, the triggering is initiated by the high-frequency ventilator at a set time or when the inhalation reaches the set flow threshold to start control, assist, support or spontaneous ventilation; the variable flow high-frequency jet ventilation mode is realized through the electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector, the variable flow high-frequency oscillation ventilation mode is realized through the electromagnetic high-frequency oscillator, and the high-frequency constant flow ventilation mode is realized by closing the electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector and the electromagnetic high-frequency oscillator. The high-frequency ventilator ventilation is based on flow control and can output average airway flow, which includes average airway flow during the expiratory phase and average airway flow during the inspiratory phase. Based on multiple baseline average airway flow rates of the same or different sizes, the average inspiratory support airway flow rates of each are superimposed during the inspiratory phase, and ventilation is performed according to their respective durations. The high-frequency ventilator sequentially outputs multiple average airway flow rates of the same or different magnitudes and with the same or different durations according to a set periodic pattern. The airway flow rate output is stable during the expiratory and inspiratory phases, and the average airway flow rate of the same or different magnitudes can be output during different inspiratory and expiratory phases. The high-frequency ventilator outputs periodic average airway flow rates that can be independently adjusted between different ventilation flow rates within different durations. The average airway flow rate is calculated based on a baseline average airway flow rate level, and each average airway flow rate can be independently adjusted.

2. A high-frequency ventilator according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each time period may include one or more respiratory cycles, and the switching of different flow rates is time-controlled, but the switching of breathing can be done through voluntary control or time control.

3. A high-frequency ventilator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The average airway flow during the expiratory phase is at least the baseline average airway flow, while the average airway flow during the inspiratory phase is the sum of the baseline average airway flow and the average supporting airway flow during the inspiratory phase.

4. A high-frequency ventilator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-frequency constant flow ventilation mode controls and adjusts the output airflow through a controller, and the output flow waveform is a square wave; the variable flow high-frequency oscillation ventilation mode generates high-frequency airflow through an electromagnetic high-frequency oscillator and delivers it to the breathing circuit, and the output pressure is a sine wave; the variable flow high-frequency jet ventilation mode uses electromagnetic force to drive the jet needle through an electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector to eject high-frequency airflow into the breathing circuit, and the output flow waveform is a triangular wave.

5. A high-frequency ventilator according to claim 1, characterized in that, Gas flow information is acquired through a flow sensor to generate a flow-time image; pressure information is acquired through a pressure sensor to generate a pressure-time image; and the airway flow is monitored and regulated through a flow monitoring and regulation device. Adjust the operating parameters of the high-frequency ventilator based on the flow-time and pressure-time image curves and blood gas analysis.

6. A high-frequency ventilator according to claim 1, characterized in that, An electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector and an electromagnetic oscillator are installed in parallel on the end of the breathing tubing closest to the patient. The breathing tubing is connected to an air-oxygen-nitrogen mixer via a heating and humidification device and corresponding tubing. A solenoid valve, a pressure sensor, and a flow sensor are sequentially installed on the tubing from the air-oxygen-nitrogen mixer to the heating and humidification device. A safety valve is also installed on the breathing tubing. A flow monitoring and regulating device is located between the solenoid valve and the heating and humidification device and is connected in parallel with the pressure sensor and the flow sensor. The electromagnetic high-frequency jet connector, the electromagnetic oscillator, the pressure sensor, the flow sensor, and the flow monitoring and regulating device are connected to a display via a controller.

7. A high-frequency ventilator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The air-oxygen-nitrogen mixer is connected to an axial flow fan via an air filter.

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