Analysis method and device for county space ecological unit demarcation and planning management and control

Abstract

The invention discloses a county space ecological unit demarcation and planning control analysis method and device, and relates to the field of ecological planning, and the method comprises the steps: employing an analytic hierarchy process to divide evaluation indexes into an evaluation index system of a target layer, a criterion layer, a sub-criterion layer and an index layer, and an initial weight; correcting by using a CRITIC and difference coefficient method to obtain a combined weight; obtaining a score value of each evaluation index in the sub-criterion layer by using ArcGIS; performing weighted stacking on the score values, and adding to obtain an evaluation result; dividing evaluation indexes of the criterion layer into a bottom line control unit, an ecological maintenance unit, a protection and restoration unit, an ecological recreation unit and a water source safety unit according to an MOLA model; and performing planning management and control on the divided units according to a constraint index and unit admission combination mode. According to the invention, unit division and management requirements of different functions can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ecological planning, and in particular to an analysis method and device for delineating and planning and controlling county spatial ecological units. Background Art

[0002] National land space planning reduces the absolute demand for energy by constructing the national land space pattern, optimizing the urban form, adjusting the industrial structure and allocating land use types. The carbon emission reduction effects and carbon sink benefits brought about are far higher than the carbon emission reduction effects and carbon sink benefits brought about by reducing energy consumption through technical means.

[0003] In the existing technology, urban space within the urban development boundary has long been developed and controlled through control detailed planning, and a mature and sophisticated control model has been formed. However, due to the expansion of the area, the agricultural space and ecological space outside the urban development boundary often adopt the extensive control method of "constraint indicators + zoning access".

[0004] However, the control method relying on "constraint indicators + zoning access" cannot meet the spatial division and management needs of different functions, resulting in insufficiently refined management. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide an analysis method and device for delineation and planning and control of county spatial ecological units, which can solve the problem in the prior art that unit division and management requirements of different functions cannot be met, resulting in insufficiently refined management.

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention provides an analysis method for delineating and planning and controlling county spatial ecological units, comprising the following steps:

[0007] According to the spatial planning index control, factors that reflect the characteristics and functions of the county's ecological space are selected as evaluation indicators; the evaluation indicators are divided into an evaluation indicator system of target layer, criterion layer, sub-criterion layer and indicator layer according to the top-down hierarchical relationship using the hierarchical analysis method, and the initial weights of the evaluation indicators are obtained; the initial weights are corrected by the objective weighting method CRITIC and the difference coefficient method to obtain the combined weights; according to the combined weights, the geographic information system ArcGIS is used to perform spatial overlay analysis on the evaluation indicators of the indicator layer under each evaluation indicator in the sub-criterion layer to obtain the score value of each evaluation indicator in the sub-criterion layer; the score values ​​are weighted and superimposed to obtain the criterion layer. The evaluation results of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer are obtained; the evaluation indicators of the criterion layer are used as the three axes of the multi-objective land allocation model MOLA, and the evaluation results of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer are divided into three levels using the equal interval method; 27 three-dimensional combinations are obtained according to each level of each axis; the 27 three-dimensional combinations are divided into bottom line control units, ecological maintenance units, protection and restoration units, ecological recreation units and water source safety units according to the ecological dominant functions; the divided units are planned and controlled in a combination of constraint indicators and unit access, the constraint indicators are the constraint requirements for controlling the divided units, and the unit access is the use and conversion rules established for the divided units.

[0008] Furthermore, the evaluation index system specifically includes: target layer, criterion layer, sub-criterion layer and indicator layer; the target layer is the delineation of ecological units; the criterion layer is the resource and environmental carrying capacity, ecological security level and ecosystem value; the sub-criteria layer is the resource carrying capacity, environmental carrying capacity, ecosystem pattern, ecosystem quality, ecosystem services, ecosystem stress, importance of carbon sink, recreation suitability and ecological sustainability; the indicator layer is the evaluation index obtained by selecting factors that can reflect the characteristics and functions of the county ecological space according to the control of the main indicators of the national land space planning.

[0009] Furthermore, the specific steps of obtaining the initial weights include: constructing judgment matrices of the criterion layer to the target layer, the sub-criterion layer to the criterion layer, and the indicator layer to the sub-criterion layer; using the square root method according to the eigenvector of the judgment matrix to obtain the weight coefficient of each evaluation indicator, and obtaining the initial weight of each evaluation indicator according to the weight coefficient of each evaluation indicator.

[0010] Furthermore, the acquisition of the combination weight specifically includes: obtaining an evaluation matrix according to the evaluation index and obtaining a correction coefficient through an objective weighting method CRITIC and a difference coefficient method, and correcting the initial weight using the correction coefficient to obtain the combination weight.

[0011] Furthermore, the score value of each evaluation indicator in the sub-criteria layer is obtained by the following specific steps: standardizing the evaluation indicators of the indicator layer under each evaluation indicator in the sub-criteria layer by using a fuzzy membership function to obtain an evaluation value; and performing weighted superposition on each evaluation indicator using a raster calculator of the geographic information system ArcGIS to obtain a score value for each evaluation indicator in the sub-criteria layer.

[0012] Furthermore, the acquisition of the 27 three-dimensional combinations includes the following specific steps: taking resource and environmental carrying capacity, ecological security level and ecosystem value as the X, Y and Z axes of the multi-objective land allocation model MOLA; dividing the evaluation results of each indicator in the criterion layer into three levels, represented by X(X1, X2, X3), Y(Y1, Y2, Y3), and Z(Z1, Z2, Z3); and 27 three-dimensional coordinate combinations can be obtained according to the division results.

[0013] The embodiment of the present invention provides an analysis device for delineating and planning and controlling county spatial ecological units, including:

[0014] The indicator acquisition unit is used to control and select factors that reflect the characteristics and functions of the county's ecological space as evaluation indicators based on spatial planning indicators; the weight analysis unit is used to use the hierarchical analysis method to divide the evaluation indicators into an evaluation indicator system of the target layer, criterion layer, sub-criterion layer and indicator layer according to a top-down hierarchical relationship, and to obtain the initial weights of the evaluation indicators; the initial weights are corrected by the objective weighting method CRITIC and the difference coefficient method to obtain the combined weights; the model combination unit is used to perform spatial overlay analysis on the evaluation indicators of the indicator layer under each evaluation indicator in the sub-criterion layer based on the combined weights using the geographic information system ArcGIS to obtain the score values ​​of each evaluation indicator in the sub-criterion layer; the score values ​​are added The weights are superimposed to obtain the evaluation results of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer; the evaluation indicators of the criterion layer are used as the three axes of the multi-objective land allocation model MOLA, and the evaluation results of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer are divided into three levels using the equal interval method; 27 three-dimensional combinations are obtained according to each level of each axis; the combined division unit is used to divide the 27 three-dimensional combinations into bottom line control units, ecological maintenance units, protection and restoration units, ecological recreation units and water source safety units according to the ecological dominant function; the divided units are planned and controlled in a combination of constraint indicators and unit access, the constraint indicators are the constraint requirements for controlling the division units, and the unit access is the use and conversion rules established for the division units.

[0015] The embodiment of the present invention provides an analysis method and device for delineating and planning and controlling county spatial ecological units. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects thereof are as follows:

[0016] The analytic hierarchy process is used to divide the evaluation indicators into an evaluation index system of target layer, criterion layer, sub-criterion layer and indicator layer according to the top-down hierarchical relationship, and the combined weights of the evaluation indicators are obtained; according to the combined weights, the score values ​​of each evaluation indicator in the sub-criterion layer are obtained through spatial overlay analysis; the score values ​​are weightedly superimposed to obtain the evaluation results of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer; the evaluation indicators of the criterion layer are used as the three axes of the multi-objective land allocation model MOLA, and the evaluation results of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer are divided into three levels using the equal interval method; 27 three-dimensional combinations are obtained according to each level of each axis; the 27 three-dimensional combinations are divided into bottom line control units, ecological maintenance units, protection and restoration units, ecological recreation units and water source safety units according to the dominant ecological functions; the divided units are planned and controlled in a combination of constraint indicators and unit access.

[0017] Among them, the evaluation indicators of the criterion layer are used as the three axes of the multi-objective land allocation model MOLA, and 27 three-dimensional combinations are obtained according to each level of each axis. The 27 three-dimensional combinations are divided into different units according to the ecological dominant functions, and then the divided units are planned and controlled in a combination of constraint indicators and unit access; the three axes of the multi-objective land allocation model MOLA are used to divide the evaluation results into 27 three-dimensional combinations first, and then detailed unit division and control are carried out according to different dominant functions, so as to finally achieve the effect of refined management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A hierarchical structure model diagram of an evaluation system for an analysis method for delineating and planning and controlling county spatial ecological units provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 A three-dimensional MOLA model basic diagram (left figure) and a four-dimensional MOLA model diagram (right figure) of an analysis method for delineating and planning and controlling county spatial ecological units provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 An ecological unit classification research diagram of an analysis method for delineating and planning and controlling county spatial ecological units provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the spatial connection relationship of ecological units in an analysis method for delineating, planning and controlling county spatial ecological units provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0023] For a long time, my country has established a relatively mature planning and control system for agricultural space and urban space, but there is still a lack of effective control measures for ecological space. In view of existing research, this paper takes green development as the orientation, takes the constituent elements, dominant functions and spatial layout of county ecological space as the starting point, and combines the research basis of ecological space zoning control to try to clarify the construction logic and control ideas of county ecological units: by determining the composition of county ecological space elements and land use evolution at the macro scale, we can deeply understand the current situation and existing problems; at the micro scale, we can clarify the dominant functions and zoning of county ecological units, and explore the optimization of county ecological unit element configuration and control measures under the perspective of green development. In this way, we can coordinate the protection and utilization of various ecological unit resources at dual scales, build a county ecological unit delineation method system and control path, optimize the overall ecological security protection pattern, promote the construction of ecological space at the county scale, enhance planning conductivity, and realize the overall control of ecological space with all elements, taking into account protection and development.

[0024] See also Figure 1 to Figure 4 The embodiment of the present invention provides an analysis method for delineating and planning and controlling county spatial ecological units, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: Based on the main indicators of national land space planning, select factors that can reflect the characteristics and functions of the county's ecological space as evaluation indicators.

[0026] Step 2: Use the analytic hierarchy process to divide the evaluation indicators into the target layer, criterion layer, sub-criterion layer and indicator layer according to the top-down hierarchical relationship, and obtain the initial weights of the evaluation indicators; use the CRITIC method combined with the difference coefficient method to correct the initial weights and obtain the combined weights. The target layer is the ecological unit delineation, the criterion layer is the resource and environmental carrying capacity, ecological security level and ecosystem function, the sub-criterion layer is the resource carrying capacity, environmental carrying capacity, ecosystem pattern, ecosystem quality, ecosystem service, ecosystem coercion, importance of sink enhancement, recreation suitability and ecological sustainability, and the indicator layer is the remaining evaluation indicators obtained by selecting factors that can reflect the characteristics and functions of the county ecological space according to the main indicators of the national land space planning.

[0027] Step 3: According to the combined weight, the fuzzy membership function is used to standardize the evaluation indicators of the indicator layer under each evaluation indicator in the sub-criteria layer; the geographic information system ArcGIS is used to normalize the graded evaluation indicators to obtain the score value of each evaluation indicator in the sub-criteria layer; the score index is weighted and superimposed to obtain the evaluation result of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer; the evaluation indicators of the criterion layer are used as the three axes of the multi-objective land allocation model MOLA, and the evaluation results of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer are divided into three levels using the equal interval method; 27 three-dimensional combinations are obtained according to each level of each axis.

[0028] Step 4: Divide the 27 three-dimensional combinations into bottom-line control units, ecological maintenance units, protection and restoration units, ecological recreation units and water source safety units according to the dominant ecological functions. Specifically, the areas with high ecological value, low ecological safety level, relative advantages in ecological functions, and ecological conservation as the main focus, and controlled construction intensity and scale are divided into bottom-line control units. The areas with low resource and environmental carrying capacity, high ecological value, low ecological safety level, serious ecological degradation, high urgency of ecological restoration, and whose protection goals and restoration strategies should be clarified are divided into protection and restoration units. The areas with high ecological value, good resource and environmental conditions and safety level, unique natural landscapes, convenient external access, and high recreation suitability are divided into ecological recreation units. The areas with low ecological value and emphasis on the integrity of the ecosystem and the continuity of the ecological process are divided into ecological maintenance units to ensure that the ecological maintenance units can effectively maintain and restore the functions and structures of the regional ecosystems. The waters with high ecological value, low ecological resource and environmental carrying capacity, and important water conservation functions, and whose protection levels and management requirements need to be further clarified are divided into water source safety units.

[0029] The divided units will be planned and controlled in accordance with the constraint indicators + unit access method.

[0030] Constraint indicators refer to the establishment of unit control indicator constraint requirements. The indicator system consists of control element categories, specific control indicators and control methods. According to the ecological unit type, different element categories in the bottom line control unit, protection and restoration unit, ecological recreation unit, ecological maintenance unit and water source safety unit are classified and controlled. Unit access refers to the establishment of clear use access and conversion rules for various units, providing clear guidance for various activities within the ecological unit.

[0031] The embodiment of the present invention provides an analysis device for delineating and planning and controlling county-level spatial ecological units, including:

[0032] The indicator acquisition unit is used to control and select factors that reflect the characteristics and functions of the county's ecological space as evaluation indicators according to spatial planning indicators. The weight analysis unit is used to use the hierarchical analysis method to divide the evaluation indicators into an evaluation indicator system of the target layer, criterion layer, sub-criterion layer and indicator layer according to the top-down hierarchical relationship, and to obtain the initial weights of the evaluation indicators; the initial weights are corrected by the objective weighting method CRITIC and the difference coefficient method to obtain the combined weights. The model combination unit is used to perform spatial superposition analysis on the evaluation indicators of the indicator layer under each evaluation indicator in the sub-criterion layer according to the combined weights, using the geographic information system ArcGIS, to obtain the score value of each evaluation indicator in the sub-criterion layer; the score values ​​are weighted and superimposed to obtain the evaluation results of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer; the evaluation indicators of the criterion layer are used as the three axes of the multi-objective land allocation model MOLA, and the evaluation results of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer are divided into three levels using the equal interval method; 27 three-dimensional combinations are obtained according to each level of each axis. The combined division units are used to divide the 27 three-dimensional combinations into bottom-line control units, ecological maintenance units, protection and restoration units, ecological recreation units and water source safety units according to the ecological dominant functions; the divided units are planned and controlled in a combination of constraint indicators and unit access, the constraint indicators are the constraint requirements for controlling the divided units, and the unit access is the use and conversion rules established for the divided units.

[0033] A specific embodiment is as follows:

[0034] Part One: Analysis of evaluation indicators.

[0035] (1) Subjective weighting method-AHP hierarchical analysis method.

[0036] The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a multi-objective decision-making method that combines quantitative and qualitative methods. The main idea is to stratify the various factors of complex problems according to certain rules, and quantitatively describe the importance of each layer of elements compared with each other based on the subjective judgment structure of the collected information. The weight of the importance ranking of each element at each level can be obtained by mathematical calculation, and finally the relative weight of all elements can be obtained by performing a total ranking of the levels. Ultimately, decision makers can clarify and clarify complex problems and make correct evaluations and decisions.

[0037] 1) Establish a hierarchical model:

[0038] A multi-level structural model was established with ecological unit delineation research as the target layer, resource and environmental carrying capacity, ecological security level and ecosystem function as the criterion layer, resource carrying capacity, environmental carrying capacity, ecosystem pattern and importance of carbon sequestration as the sub-criterion layer, water conservation, soil and water conservation, ecosystem structure, carbon sequestration potential and tourism development conditions as the indicator layer.

[0039] 2) Construct a judgment matrix:

[0040] When using the hierarchical analysis method to determine the weight coefficients of various indicators, the key steps include constructing a judgment matrix of the lower layer relative to the upper layer. The matrix has the characteristics of reciprocity. Factor A i With A j By comparison, the resulting judgment matrix is: A = (a ij ) n*n , the matrix elements generally satisfy: The following judgment matrix:

[0041]

[0042] The judgment matrix uses a certain element of the previous level as the judgment criterion. Invited experts use quantitative evaluation scales based on their daily work experience to compare the indicator factors of the same level in pairs and assign values ​​to the elements of the judgment matrix. The evaluation scale can be divided into 9 items according to their relative importance, mainly composed of 5 basic scales and 4 intermediate scales. The meaning of each scale is shown in the following table:

[0043] Table 1 - Criteria Tier A i With A j The meaning of scale judgment

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] Judgment matrices at the criterion layer, sub-criteria layer and factor layer were constructed respectively, and the Delphi method was used, involving the "AHP Expert Questionnaire for Comprehensive Evaluation of Ecological Unit Delineation in a County under the Perspective of Green Development". Five professors, associate professors and doctoral students in the fields of landscape ecology, physical geography, urban and rural planning were invited by email to evaluate and score, and the collected results were then placed in the yaahp software for weight calculation and consistency test.

[0047] 3) Calculate the weight vector and check the consistency of the judgment matrix:

[0048] According to matrix theory, it can be inferred that the weight coefficient of each factor is the eigenvector w of the judgment matrix, which corresponds to the maximum eigenvalue λmax of the matrix. The weight coefficient of each factor can be obtained by the formula:

[0049] A w =λ max W

[0050] When the accuracy requirement is not high, approximate algorithms can be used to calculate matrix eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors. The most commonly used methods are square root method, sum method, power method, etc. Since the square root method has important theoretical significance, simple calculation, and the most extensive application, this paper intends to use the square root method to calculate the index weight coefficient. The calculation steps are as follows:

[0051] ①Multiply each row of the judgment matrix to get Mi:

[0052]

[0053] ② Take the nth root of Mi and we get

[0054]

[0055] ③The vector After normalization, we get:

[0056]

[0057] The resulting matrix W = (W1W2, ..., W n ) T It is the eigenvector of the required judgment matrix, that is, the weight coefficient of each indicator.

[0058] ④ Find the maximum eigenvalue λmax of the judgment matrix:

[0059]

[0060] Where (AW)i is the i-th component of AW.

[0061] ⑤Consistency test:

[0062] Finally, in order to ensure that the results are true and reliable, it is necessary to use the consistency index CR to test the consistency of the judgment matrix. The consistency result is measured by the value of CR, which is generally limited to 0.1. When CR is greater than 0.1, it means that the matrix construction is unreasonable and needs to be readjusted; when CR is less than 0.1, it means that the matrix consistency is strong and the construction is reasonable. The CR value calculation formula is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] The RI value can be retrieved through the random consistency RI table.

[0065] Table 2-RI index comparison table

[0066]

[0067] (2) Objective weighting method (CRITIC method).

[0068] The CRITIC analysis method is a method for determining the objective weight of an indicator based on the magnitude of the internal changes and the degree of conflict within the indicator. The larger the standard deviation, the greater the internal difference of the same indicator, and its weight increases accordingly; while the smaller the correlation coefficient, the smaller the conflict between the indicators, and the smaller the weight. Compared with other methods, the CRITIC method fully considers the comparison strength between samples and the conflict between indicators during the calculation process, so its results are more in line with the actual situation.

[0069] The method performs weight assignment in the following steps. First, assuming there are m samples and n indicators, the evaluation matrix can be expressed as:

[0070]

[0071] The calculation method of indicator weights in the CRITIC method is as follows:

[0072] 1) Calculate the mean b j and standard deviation s j :

[0073]

[0074] 2) Calculate the coefficient of variation:

[0075]

[0076] 3) Calculate the correlation matrix:

[0077]

[0078] 4) Calculate the amount of information contained in each indicator:

[0079]

[0080] 5) Determine the objective weight of each indicator and form a weight matrix:

[0081]

[0082] W = [β1, β2, ..., β n ]

[0083] (3) The comprehensive weight is determined by the coefficient of difference method.

[0084] In order to reflect the subjective and objective weights at the same time, the subjective method adopts the AHP method, and the objective method adopts the CRITIC method to establish a difference coefficient model, so as to determine the coefficients in the combined weight, where w = αw' + βw", α and β are unknown coefficients, satisfying: α, β ≥ 0, α + β = 1.

[0085] The comprehensive weight coefficient of the indicator is determined by the difference method, as follows:

[0086] α=[n / (n-1)]T′

[0087] T' is the coefficient of difference of each component of w'.

[0088]

[0089] P1, P2, ..., P n It is the rearrangement of the components in the subjective weight vector w' from small to large. n is the number of indicators, then β = 1-α. Substituting into w = aw' + aw", we can get the comprehensive weight vector w of each indicator.

[0090] Substituting the data in the article, we obtain the calculation results, namely α=0.52, β=0.48.

[0091] Part II: Comprehensive evaluation of ecological unit delineation.

[0092] (1) Respect nature: Scientifically assess the carrying capacity of resources and the environment.

[0093] The assessment of resource and environmental carrying capacity and suitability of land and space development is an indispensable basic link in the preparation of land and space planning and the strengthening of space governance, covering the four major areas of "ecological protection, agricultural production, urban construction and marine protection and utilization". Ecological protection evaluation is carried out based on the importance of ecosystem service functions and ecological sensitivity evaluation as a prerequisite for agricultural production and urban construction. Referring to the dual evaluation system, the evaluation factor dominated by the importance of ecosystem service functions is used as the evaluation indicator of resource and environmental carrying capacity, and the evaluation factor dominated by ecological sensitivity is used as the evaluation indicator of environmental carrying capacity.

[0094] 1) Resource carrying capacity assessment:

[0095] ① Water conservation: The ability of ecosystems to conserve water resources is of great significance for the overall allocation of water resources. Rainfall, topography, rivers and vegetation coverage were selected as evaluation factors, and ArcGIS spatial analysis functions were used for overlay operations.

[0096] ② Soil and water conservation: The ability of the ecosystem to reduce sedimentation and nutrient loss is of great significance for soil and water loss prevention and control and forest construction. The calculation method is as follows:

[0097] A=R×K×LS×(1-C)

[0098] A is the soil conservation index, R is the rainfall erosivity factor, K is the soil erodibility factor, LS is the slope length factor, and C is the vegetation cover index.

[0099] ③ Biodiversity: The ability of ecosystems to protect organisms against disturbance is of great significance for maintaining and enhancing regional biodiversity. The calculation method is as follows:

[0100] S=NNP×T×P×(1-E)

[0101] NNP is the annual vegetation net productivity, T is the annual temperature, P is the annual precipitation, and E is the altitude. In ARCGIS, each factor is normalized to between 0 and 1. The biodiversity index is obtained.

[0102] 2) Environmental carrying capacity assessment:

[0103] ① Soil and water erosion: Due to the influence of natural or human factors, rainwater cannot be absorbed locally and flows downstream, washing away the soil, causing the loss of both water and soil.

[0104]

[0105] S S is the soil erosion sensitivity index of the spatial unit. The evaluation factors include rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and slope gradient (LS i ), surface vegetation cover (C i ).

[0106] ② Land desertification: refers to the phenomenon that due to soil erosion, the topsoil loses fine particles (silt, clay) and gradually becomes sandy, or due to the invasion of quicksand (silt), the land productivity decreases or even loses. The calculation method is as follows:

[0107]

[0108] Di is the sensitivity index of land desertification in the assessment area; I i , W i , K i , C i They are respectively the sensitivity level values ​​for assessing regional dryness index, number of days with sandstorms, soil texture and vegetation cover.

[0109] (2) Adapt to nature: improve the level of ecological security.

[0110] The ecological security level assessment aims to accurately measure the status of ecosystems affected by human activities, especially the health of ecosystems closely related to specific landscapes. Through human intervention and management, the self-recovery and renewal of these systems are promoted to achieve harmonious coexistence of landscapes and ecological processes. Maintaining the connectivity of natural landscapes and the diversity of ecosystem structures in the region is essential for maintaining the integrity of ecological processes. At the same time, ecological security assessments should also focus on the quality of ecological product supply, the improvement of ecosystem service functions, and the improvement of public welfare. As a bridge between nature and human well-being, the sustainability of ecosystem services is of great significance to maintaining the internal connections of ecosystems and human interests. The high quality of ecosystem services not only ensures the durability of services, but also serves as an important barrier to prevent ecosystem degradation. These factors together constitute the comprehensive consideration criteria for assessing ecological security.

[0111] 1) Ecosystem pattern:

[0112] ①Ecosystem structure: reflects the stability and organizational capacity of the ecosystem. Based on land use / cover data, the score is calculated using the ecosystem structure level.

[0113] ②Natural patch connectivity: measures the degree of spatial connection between ecological patches, reflecting the convenience of energy flow and material exchange between patches in the ecosystem and the ability to resist external interference. It is calculated based on land use / cover data using Conefor landscape analysis software.

[0114] 2) Ecosystem quality:

[0115] ① Habitat quality: The suitability of the ecological environment in the region for the habitat and reproduction of organisms, reflecting the quality of the living environment of organisms. Based on land use / cover data, the calculation is based on the habitat quality module in the InVEST model.

[0116] ② Net primary productivity of vegetation: It measures the total amount of organic matter accumulated by green plants through photosynthesis per unit time and per unit area, minus the remaining part after autotrophic respiration. It reflects the production capacity of vegetation and the carbon cycle efficiency of the ecosystem.

[0117] 3) Ecosystem services:

[0118] ① Biodiversity: The ability of ecosystems to protect organisms against disturbance is of great significance for maintaining and enhancing regional biodiversity. It is calculated using the biodiversity service equivalent calculation method.

[0119] ② Soil and water conservation: The ability of the ecosystem to reduce sedimentation and nutrient loss is of great significance for soil and water loss prevention and control and forest construction. Calculation results of the soil conservation module of the InVEST model.

[0120] ③ Water yield: The total amount of water that is converted from precipitation and can be collected through surface or underground runoff within a certain period of time in the assessment area, reflecting the water supply capacity of the ecosystem. Calculation results of the water yield module of the InVEST model.

[0121] 4) Ecosystem stress:

[0122] ① Unnatural land use stress intensity: measures the pressure and negative impact of unnatural land use caused by human activities on the surrounding ecological environment. Calculation results of the habitat quality module of the InVEST model.

[0123] ② Population density: reflects the pressure and impact of human activities on the ecosystem.

[0124] ③ Habitat fragmentation: measures the degree of habitat segmentation and loss of continuity in an ecosystem, reflecting the disturbance and destruction of habitats by human activities or natural factors. It is calculated based on land use / cover data using Fragstats landscape analysis software.

[0125] (3) Protect nature: fully tap the value of ecosystems.

[0126] 1) Importance of increasing foreign exchange:

[0127] ① Carbon sink capacity: the ability of an ecosystem to absorb and store carbon dioxide. It is calculated using the ArcGIS raster calculator based on carbon sink intensity, forest land quantity and its changes, where carbon sink intensity is calculated using the carbon sink coefficient method.

[0128] ② Sink potential: reflects the possibility of ecosystems increasing carbon storage in the future and is an important indicator for measuring the effectiveness of sink enhancement measures. The number of spaces suitable for forest construction within the scope of urban administrative space, and a county afforestation space database.

[0129] 2) Recreational suitability:

[0130] ① Human activities: Specifically, it is the road buffer distance. A longer road buffer distance may mean lower noise interference and higher natural landscape value, thereby improving the recreational experience. Specifically, it is the road buffer distance, which is obtained based on the road network data using ArcGIS spatial analysis tools.

[0131] ② Tourism resource conditions: Specific to the distance from scenic spots, it reflects the convenience of tourists visiting these scenic resources. Shorter distance from scenic spots usually means higher recreational suitability. Specific to the distance from scenic spots, it is obtained using ArcGIS spatial analysis tools.

[0132] ③ Tourism development conditions: Specific to the distance from the core protected area, a longer distance may mean lower environmental pressure and higher recreational freedom, but it may also reduce the uniqueness and attractiveness of the landscape. Specific to the distance from the core protected area, obtained using ArcGIS spatial analysis tools.

[0133] 3) Ecological sustainability:

[0134] ① Slope: It has an important impact on ecological processes such as soil erosion, vegetation distribution and land use, thereby affecting ecological sustainability.

[0135] ② Geological disaster sites: The existence of these sites poses a potential threat to the surrounding ecology and directly affects ecological sustainability and regional security.

[0136] ③ Vegetation coverage: The percentage of the vertical projection area of ​​vegetation (including leaves, stems, and branches) on the ground to the total area of ​​the statistical area, reflecting the density of vegetation and the level of ecological greening in the area.

[0137] ④ River network: It carries important ecological functions such as water circulation, material transportation and energy flow, and plays a key role in maintaining regional ecological balance and promoting biodiversity. It is specifically defined as a river buffer zone, which is obtained using ArcGIS spatial analysis tools.

[0138] Based on the above calculation method, the comprehensive weight of each indicator layer was used to perform weighted overlay calculation using the ArcGIS software raster calculator to obtain the evaluation results of each indicator layer, sub-criterion layer, and criterion layer.

[0139] Part III: Delineation of ecological units based on the MOLA model.

[0140] (1) Classification of ecological units.

[0141] Based on different research perspectives, there can be different schemes for the division of ecological unit types. The selection of ecological unit types should adhere to the integrity of the functional structure of a county's ecosystem and focus on solving key problems in ecological space. Based on the previous analysis of the current status of ecological background and the results of ecological comprehensive evaluation, the main ecological functions of a county are comprehensively identified, and the ecological units of a county are divided into:

[0142] 1) Bottom line control unit:

[0143] It includes national parks, nature reserves, natural parks, important water sources, etc. that are currently included in the ecological protection red line, natural reserves that have been included in the ecological protection red line, and key protected areas. The main function is to protect the habitats of rare animals and plants and provide ecological space for sightseeing and scientific research.

[0144] 2) Ecological maintenance unit:

[0145] An important supplement to the ecological protection red line, it aims to protect and enhance the ecological value of specific areas through scientific planning and management. The main goal of the ecological conservation unit is to protect and improve the ecological environment quality of these areas, prevent ecological degradation, and promote the restoration and enhancement of biodiversity. By implementing scientific ecological restoration measures, strengthening vegetation restoration and soil and water conservation work, the ecological balance of these areas can be maintained.

[0146] 3) Ecological recreation unit:

[0147] It includes areas with relatively concentrated distribution of natural landscape resources such as existing natural forests, typical zonal vegetation, and geological relics, with ecological recreation services as the main function, and has functions such as water conservation and soil and water conservation, biodiversity maintenance, and rainwater flood infiltration. It is a specific area that integrates diversified recreational activities such as leisure, entertainment, sightseeing, and adventure, usually located in areas with beautiful natural environment and rich biodiversity.

[0148] 4) Protection and repair unit:

[0149] Through comprehensive evaluation of ecological space, ecological spaces that need special protection are identified. Their ecological conditions are generally poor and need to be improved and repaired. These spaces have been seriously degraded due to long-term impacts of human activities, natural invasions or other natural factors, posing a potential threat to the ecological security of the entire region. They need special protection and key restoration to restore their original ecosystem structure and function and enhance the stability and self-repair ability of the ecosystem.

[0150] 5) Water source safety unit:

[0151] It includes the primary water source protection area and its water source conservation forest area. It is an ecological space with water supply and water conservation as the main functions, and has the functions of soil and water conservation, biodiversity maintenance, rain and flood infiltration, etc. It is a specific space for special protection and governance of water sources and their surrounding areas through scientific planning and management.

[0152] (2) Ecological unit delineation model.

[0153] From the above analysis, the application of the three-dimensional MOLA model in the delineation of ecological units should be defined with resource and environmental carrying capacity, ecological security level and ecosystem value as the X, Y and Z axes. According to the evaluation results, the thresholds are delineated according to local conditions, and the delineation levels are sorted from low to high. The division results are expressed as X (X1, X2, X3), Y (Y1, Y2, Y3), and Z (Z1, Z2, Z3). The thresholds are combined to form a scenario with 27 different feature combinations. A corresponding table between different feature groups and spatial partitions is constructed to provide a basis for the subsequent delineation of ecological units.

[0154] Table 3-Division of ecological units in a certain county and their functional description

[0155]

[0156] According to the above rules, the delineation results of ecological units are obtained, which are basically consistent with the characteristics of the ecological spatial pattern of a certain county. The bottom line control unit covers the key protection areas of the ecological protection red line of a certain county, which are located along the Yellow River in the east of the county and a nature reserve in the southwest of the county; the protection and restoration units are evenly distributed in the areas with low resource and environmental carrying capacity and ecological security level in the whole county, which are in urgent need of protection and restoration; the ecological recreation unit is located in the middle, southeast and southwest of the county, which has high recreation suitability and good tourism resource conditions; the ecological maintenance unit is distributed throughout the county; the water source safety unit covers the Luohe River and Weihe River basins involved in the ecological protection red line of a certain county.

[0157] Part 4: Ecological unit management and control system of a certain county under the perspective of green development.

[0158] Spatial control is an important path to maximize unit benefits. In order to avoid problems such as compilation and management chaos and promote the implementation of detailed planning and control of ecological units, it is necessary to establish a control method based on unit characteristics, strengthen the construction of control systems, and integrate them into the national land space planning system.

[0159] Therefore, based on the results of ecological unit delineation and the actual development of a certain county, this paper constructs a "constraint indicator + unit access" management and control system based on ecological units with different dominant functions after classification and refinement. This is an optimization and improvement of the previous extensive "constraint indicator + zoning access" management and control method that directly targets ecological space and agricultural space outside the development boundary.

[0160] Among them, unit access focuses on the differences in the ecological environment within each unit, and a series of access standards and measures are formulated and implemented to control and regulate the impact and development and utilization of various activities, projects or behaviors on the ecological environment; indicator control is to further clarify the management depth and management methods of different areas within the unit, focusing on the main functions of each unit, and detailed formulation of the dominant land use nature, area, boundaries and special occupation regulations of each block. In key areas such as ecological restoration areas and important project implementation sites, it is necessary to promote the preparation of special planning drawings, and to specify detailed control rules such as land development scale restrictions, setback requirements, traffic interface layout, green space ratio, vegetation coverage, and plant variety selection.

[0161] (1) Clarify the access rules for space control purposes.

[0162] The scientific planning, control and layout of the ecological unit are a strong spatial guarantee for the green development of a certain county. Therefore, in order to ensure the stability and sustainability of its non-development and construction functions, the first task is to establish clear rules for access and conversion of uses, and provide clear guidance for various activities within the ecological unit. By formulating a detailed "positive and negative list" of projects, clear normative standards are provided for project construction management to ensure that it closely matches the ecological protection goals. At the same time, the project access procedure should not be limited to formal review, but should be deeply integrated with various control requirements to ensure that each project is in line with the overall development direction of the ecological unit.

[0163] Specific and clear thresholds need to be set for the entry conditions of ecological units. These thresholds should cover multiple dimensions such as the environmental impact of the project, resource utilization efficiency, and long-term impact on the ecosystem. At the same time, in the process of rule-making, the impact on the ecosystem service function should be fully considered, and specific control measures should be set accordingly. In addition, according to the type and level of the ecological unit, it is necessary to list in detail the types of projects that meet the entry conditions, specific measures for development and utilization, and corresponding construction control indicators to ensure the smooth progress of the project and achieve the goal of ecological protection at the same time. In addition, at each stage of the project promotion, necessary evaluation links should be added, such as site selection demonstration, environmental impact assessment, and social risk assessment, to ensure that every link of the project is rigorously reviewed.

[0164] (1) Bottom line control unit.

[0165] Access is allowed for the following: approved scientific research, resource exploration, scientific monitoring and protection, disaster prevention and mitigation, and emergency rescue missions; approved major ecological restoration projects, species reintroduction, stocking and release operations, and pest and animal and plant cleanup operations.

[0166] Restricted access: For construction required for special national strategies; construction of major linear infrastructure; ecological environment improvement and ecological restoration; geological surveys, exploration and mining activities, and repairs of production and living facilities, an application and activity plan must be submitted to the relevant management agency in advance and approved by the management agency.

[0167] Prohibited access: human activities (prohibited in principle); development, production and operation facilities.

[0168] (2) Ecological maintenance unit.

[0169] Access is allowed: management inspections, protection law enforcement, scientific research, monitoring and evaluation, geographic surveying and mapping, navigation services, disaster prevention and control, national defense construction, epidemic response and other matters as well as the construction and maintenance of necessary supporting facilities are allowed.

[0170] Restricted access: For units with a large area and dense population in the current core area, an appropriate population size and reasonable agricultural and pastoral activities can be retained on the premise of ensuring that their main functions are not affected.

[0171] Prohibited access: development and production construction (except national strategic projects); construction of special tourist facilities; construction of large-scale cultural, sports and entertainment facilities.

[0172] (3) Ecological recreation unit.

[0173] Access is allowed: moderate sightseeing, popular science education activities that are consistent with the "County Land Space Master Plan (2021-2035)" and will not damage the ecological function, as well as the construction and maintenance of supporting and necessary public service facilities.

[0174] Restricted access: construction of eco-tourism facilities, public education facilities and public service facilities; linear infrastructure; renovation of production and living facilities.

[0175] No access: It is strictly prohibited to violate the "County Land Space Master Plan (2021-2035)" and the scenic area planning, establish various development areas in the scenic area, or build hotels, guest houses, training facilities, sanatoriums and other buildings that are not directly related to the protection of scenic resources in the core scenic area.

[0176] (4) Protection and restoration unit.

[0177] Access is allowed: Based on the land space planning and special plans for ecological protection and restoration at the county level and above, including: returning farmland to forests, returning fruit trees to forests, returning ponds to wetlands, building shelterbelts, comprehensive management of forest disasters, protection of ancient and famous trees; mine ecological management and restoration; prevention and control of invasive pests and alien species; comprehensive management and restoration such as soil and water conservation, sand control, and vegetation restoration; reclamation of construction land and ecological restoration related to comprehensive land improvement in the entire region.

[0178] Restricted access: construction of eco-tourism facilities, public education facilities and public service facilities; construction of linear infrastructure, flood control and water supply facilities; water conservancy and transportation facilities established in accordance with the law; necessary repairs of living and production facilities; necessary geological exploration and mineral mining activities; and military facility construction projects that cannot be avoided due to special reasons.

[0179] Prohibited access: development and production construction (except national strategic projects); construction of special tourist facilities; construction of large-scale cultural, sports and entertainment facilities.

[0180] (5) Water source safety unit.

[0181] Access is allowed for the following activities: approved scientific research, resource exploration, scientific monitoring and protection, disaster prevention and mitigation, and emergency rescue missions; approved important ecological restoration, waterway infrastructure construction, river control and river regulation, watershed water environment protection and management, and river and waterway dredging activities.

[0182] Restricted access: major strategic resource exploration projects that really require investment and construction, ecological protection and restoration and environmental governance projects, major infrastructure projects, military and national defense projects, transportation, port and shipping facilities construction and maintenance projects, water conservancy facilities construction and maintenance projects, major livelihood projects that are essential to the basic lives of local residents, and special circumstances such as flood control scheduling and engineering rescue.

[0183] No access: Any behavior that interferes with the stability of the riverbed, threatens the safety of riverbank protection, and hinders the safe operation of the river is strictly prohibited in the core river control area. At the same time, it is strictly prohibited to build structures such as residential buildings, commercial places, office facilities, industrial plants, etc. that are not related to river protection and water project operation and maintenance. In addition, it is strictly prohibited to carry out various activities that have an adverse impact on hydrological observations that are expressly prohibited by the relevant content of the National Hydrological Regulations and the "Measures for the Protection of Hydrological Monitoring Environment and Facilities".

[0184] (2) Refine the constraints and control of factor indicators.

[0185] In order to effectively transmit the requirements of the national land space master plan and related special plans, stimulate the diversified value of ecological space, guide the improvement of ecological functions, and guide the approval and management of lower-level construction planning and construction projects. Based on the principles of quantifiability, comparability, reflection of ecological functions and operability, the unit control index constraint requirements should be established from the following aspects. First, clarify the land use types and layout of ecological space, as well as the requirements for prohibition, restriction or encouragement of land type conversion; second, clarify the control requirements for the protection, restoration and utilization of special natural and cultural resources. Finally, guided by the regulatory goal of "ensuring the continuous improvement of ecological functions", highlight the focus on human interference activities and the impact of the ecological environment, so as to decompose the ecological protection and management tasks into more specific element indicators, and effectively achieve the protection and sustainable use of the ecological environment.

[0186] Table 4 - Table of control index system for various ecological units

[0187]

[0188]

[0189] Table 5 - Table of control index system for various ecological units

[0190]

[0191]

[0192] Table 6-Table of control index system for various ecological units

[0193]

[0194]

[0195] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. An analytical method for delineating and planning ecological units in county space, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: According to the spatial planning index control, factors that reflect the characteristics and functions of the county's ecological space are selected as evaluation indicators; The evaluation index system is divided into target layer, criterion layer, sub-criterion layer and index layer according to the top-down hierarchical relationship by using the analytic hierarchy process, and the initial weight of the evaluation index is obtained; The initial weights are modified by the objective weighting method CRITIC and the difference coefficient method to obtain the combined weights; According to the combined weight, the evaluation indicators of the indicator layer under each evaluation indicator in the sub-criterion layer were spatially superimposed and analyzed using the geographic information system ArcGIS to obtain the score value of each evaluation indicator in the sub-criterion layer; the score values ​​were weighted and superimposed to obtain the evaluation results of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer; the evaluation indicators of the criterion layer were used as the three axes of the multi-objective land allocation model MOLA, and the evaluation results of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer were divided into three levels using the equal interval method; 27 three-dimensional combinations were obtained according to each level of each axis; The 27 three-dimensional combinations are divided into bottom-line control units, ecological maintenance units, protection and restoration units, ecological recreation units and water source safety units according to their ecological dominant functions; the divided units are planned and controlled in a combination of constraint indicators and unit access. The constraint indicators are the constraint requirements for controlling the divided units, and the unit access is the use and conversion rules established for the divided units.

2. The method for analyzing the delineation and planning and control of county spatial ecological units according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaluation index system specifically includes: target layer, criterion layer, sub-criterion layer and index layer: The target layer is defined as ecological units; The criteria layers are resource and environmental carrying capacity, ecological security level and ecosystem value; The sub-criteria layers are resource carrying capacity, environmental carrying capacity, ecosystem pattern, ecosystem quality, ecosystem services, ecosystem stress, importance of sink enhancement, recreational suitability and ecological sustainability; The indicator layer is an evaluation indicator obtained by controlling and selecting factors that can reflect the characteristics and functions of the county's ecological space based on the main indicators of national land space planning.

3. The analysis method for delineating and planning and controlling county spatial ecological units according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initial weight is obtained by specifically comprising the following steps: Construct judgment matrices of the criterion layer to the target layer, the sub-criterion layer to the criterion layer, and the indicator layer to the sub-criterion layer respectively; The weight coefficient of each evaluation index is obtained by using the square root method according to the eigenvector of the judgment matrix, and the initial weight of each evaluation index is obtained according to the weight coefficient of each evaluation index.

4. The method for analyzing the delineation and planning and control of county spatial ecological units according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition of the combination weight specifically includes: The evaluation matrix is ​​obtained according to the evaluation indicators, and the correction coefficient is obtained through the objective weighting method CRITIC and the difference coefficient method. The initial weight is corrected using the correction coefficient to obtain the combined weight.

5. The method for analyzing the delineation and planning and control of county spatial ecological units according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of obtaining the score value of each evaluation indicator in the sub-criteria layer include: The evaluation index of the indicator layer under each evaluation index in the sub-criteria layer is standardized by the fuzzy membership function to obtain the evaluation value; The raster calculator of the geographic information system ArcGIS is used to perform weighted superposition on each evaluation index to obtain the score value of each evaluation index in the sub-criteria layer.

6. The method for analyzing the delineation and planning and control of county spatial ecological units according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of obtaining the 27 three-dimensional combinations include: The resource and environmental carrying capacity, ecological security level and ecosystem value are used as the X, Y and Z axes of the multi-objective land allocation model MOLA; According to the evaluation results of each indicator in the criterion layer, it is divided into three levels, which are represented as X (X1, X2, X3), Y (Y1, Y2, Y3), and Z (Z1, Z2, Z3); According to the division results, 27 three-dimensional coordinate combinations can be obtained.

7. An analysis device for delineating and planning and controlling county-level spatial ecological units, characterized in that: include: An indicator acquisition unit is used to control and select factors that reflect the characteristics and functions of the county's ecological space as evaluation indicators according to spatial planning indicators; The weight analysis unit is used to use the hierarchical analysis method to divide the evaluation indicators into an evaluation indicator system of a target layer, a criterion layer, a sub-criterion layer and an indicator layer according to a top-down hierarchical relationship, and to obtain the initial weights of the evaluation indicators; The initial weights are modified by the objective weighting method CRITIC and the difference coefficient method to obtain the combined weights; The model combination unit is used to perform spatial overlay analysis on the evaluation indicators of the indicator layer under each evaluation indicator in the sub-criteria layer according to the combination weights using the geographic information system ArcGIS to obtain the score value of each evaluation indicator in the sub-criteria layer; perform weighted overlay on the score values ​​to obtain the evaluation result of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer; use the evaluation indicators of the criterion layer as the three axes of the multi-objective land allocation model MOLA, and use the equal interval method to divide the evaluation result of each evaluation indicator in the criterion layer into three levels; and obtain 27 three-dimensional combinations according to each level of each axis; The combined division units are used to divide the 27 three-dimensional combinations into bottom-line control units, ecological maintenance units, protection and restoration units, ecological recreation units and water source safety units according to the ecological dominant functions; the divided units are planned and controlled in a combination of constraint indicators and unit access, the constraint indicators are the constraint requirements for controlling the divided units, and the unit access is the use and conversion rules established for the divided units.

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