Power supply method and device of ion trap and quantum computer

Abstract

The invention discloses a power supply method and device of an ion trap and a quantum computer, and belongs to the technical field of quantum computing. The device comprises a first power supply module used for providing limiting electric signals for a plurality of control electrodes, wherein the limiting electric signals are used for limiting ions in an ion trap; the control module is used for providing a power supply control signal for the second power supply module and providing a power supply switching signal for the power supply switching module; the second power supply module is also electrically connected with the first end of the power supply switching module and is used for providing a transport electric signal to the first end based on the power supply control signal, and the transport electric signal is used for transporting ions in the ion trap; a plurality of second ends of the power supply switching module are used for being electrically connected with a plurality of control electrodes respectively, and are used for communicating the first end with a specified second end in the plurality of second ends based on the power supply switching signal, and the total number of the first ends of the power supply switching module is smaller than the total number of the second ends of the power supply switching module. The total number of the second power supply modules is reduced, and the complexity of supplying power to the ion trap is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of quantum computing technology, and in particular to a power supply method and device for an ion trap, and a quantum computer. Background Art

[0002] A quantum computer is a machine that can perform quantum computing. It uses the laws of quantum mechanics to perform mathematical and logical operations, process and store information. A quantum computer includes an ion cooling device, an ion trap, an ion manipulation device and a detection device. The ion trap includes an ion trap unit. After the ions are placed in the ion trap unit, the ions need to be confined in the ion trap unit. After that, the ions in the ion trap unit are ground-state cooled, and the ions after ground-state cooling perform bit operations under the action of manipulation light. After that, the ions in the ion trap are detected to read out the state of the quantum bit and obtain the result of the quantum computing. Then, through ion transport, the ions required for the next ion trap quantum computing are transported together, and the ion confinement, ion cooling, ion manipulation and ion detection processes are repeated to achieve the next bit operation. By analogy, large-scale ion trap quantum computing is achieved. Among them, the confinement of ions and ion transport need to rely on the potential formed by the electrical signal.

[0003] At present, ion traps are composed of hundreds of tiny control electrodes formed by micro-nano processing. After the control electrodes are provided with electrical signals for limiting ions and ion transport, the control electrodes form an electric potential based on the electrical signals to achieve the purpose of limiting ions in the ion trap or transporting ions.

[0004] However, since each control electrode needs to be powered independently, the number of power supplies for the ion trap is extremely large and the power supply is complex. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a power supply method and device for an ion trap, and a quantum computer. The present application can use a small number of second power supply modules to realize power supply to multiple control electrodes in the ion trap, thereby reducing the total number of second power supply modules and reducing the complexity of power supply to the ion trap. The technical solution of the present application is as follows:

[0006] In the first aspect, the present application provides a power supply device for an ion trap. The ion trap has a plurality of control electrodes. The control electrodes are used to control the motion state of ions in the ion trap. The device comprises: a control module, a first power supply module, a second power supply module and a power supply switching module. The first power supply module is used to be electrically connected to a plurality of control electrodes and provide a limiting electrical signal to the plurality of control electrodes, the limiting electrical signal being used to limit ions in the ion trap; the control module is electrically connected to the second power supply module and the power supply switching module respectively, and is used to provide a power supply control signal to the second power supply module and a power supply switching signal to the power supply switching module; the second power supply module is also electrically connected to the first end of the power supply switching module, and is used to provide a transport electrical signal to the first end based on the power supply control signal, and the transport electrical signal is used to transport ions in the ion trap; the plurality of second ends of the power supply switching module are respectively used to be electrically connected to the plurality of control electrodes, and the power supply switching module is used to connect the first end to a specified second end among the plurality of second ends based on the power supply switching signal, and the total number of first ends of the power supply switching module is less than the total number of second ends.

[0007] The power supply device divides the power supply signal of the control electrode into a limiting electrical signal and a transporting electrical signal. In the process of supplying power to the ion trap, the power supply device continuously provides the limiting electrical signal to all the control electrodes of the ion trap, and when there is a demand for ion transport, provides the transporting electrical signal to the control electrode used to transport ions. In the power supply device, since the first end of the power supply switching module is connected to the second power supply module, and the total number of the first ends of the power supply switching module is less than the total number of the second ends, a small number of second power supply modules can be used to realize power supply to multiple control electrodes in the ion trap, thereby reducing the total number of the second power supply modules and reducing the complexity of supplying power to the ion trap.

[0008] Moreover, since the power supply device reduces the complexity of the ion trap power supply, it can not only greatly improve the ratio of the number of bits controlled by the ion trap to the number of power supply electrodes, but also does not affect the size of the electrodes and ensures the voltage refresh rate. For example, compared with the method in which multiple power supply modules supply power to multiple control electrodes through a bus, the power supply method provided by the present application will not be limited by the communication rate of the bus, and can ensure the refresh rate of the electrical signal. At the same time, the power supply method can ensure the accuracy of controlling the electric field strength, thereby accurately controlling the movement, merging and separation of ions.

[0009] In one implementation, the power supply switching module has a first end. In this case, the power supply switching module is specifically used to connect the first end with one of the plurality of second ends based on a power supply switching signal, so as to transmit the transmission electrical signal from the first end to the control electrode connected to the second end through the second end. In this case, the plurality of control electrodes connected to the plurality of second ends of the power supply switching module only need to be powered by one second power supply module, which greatly reduces the total number of second power supply modules and reduces the complexity of power supply to the ion trap compared to the method in the related art in which each control electrode is powered by one power supply.

[0010] Optionally, the power supply device may have one or more such power supply switching modules. When the power supply device has multiple power supply switching modules, the ion trap powered by the power supply device can transport multiple ions at the same time, and multiple control electrodes powered by multiple power supply switching modules can share the first power supply module and the control module in the power supply device, which can also reduce the complexity of powering the ion trap. When the power supply device has one power supply switching module, the ion trap powered by the power supply device can transport one ion at the same time, and since only one first power supply module and one second power supply module are needed, multiple control electrodes in the ion trap can be powered, which further reduces the number of second power supply modules and reduces the complexity of powering the ion trap.

[0011] In another implementation, the power supply switching module has multiple first ends, the power supply device includes multiple second power supply modules, and the multiple first ends are electrically connected to the multiple second power supply modules respectively. In this case, the power supply switching module is specifically used to connect at least part of the multiple first ends to at least part of the multiple second ends respectively based on the power supply switching signal, so as to transmit the transmission electrical signal from the first end to the control electrode connected to the second end through the connected second end.

[0012] In this case, the N control electrodes connected to the N second ends of the power switching module only need to be powered by M second power supply modules. Compared with the method in the related art where each control electrode is powered by one power supply, the total number of second power supply modules is greatly reduced.

[0013] Optionally, the power supply device may have one or more such power supply switching modules. When the power supply device has multiple power supply switching modules, the ion trap powered by the power supply device can transport multiple ions at the same time. Moreover, multiple control electrodes powered by multiple power supply switching modules can share the first power supply module and the control module in the power supply device, which can also reduce the complexity of power supply to the ion trap. When the power supply device has a power supply switching module of this implementation method, the ion trap powered by the power supply device can transport multiple ions at the same time, and since the N control electrodes connected to the N second ends only need to be powered by M second power supply modules, multiple ions in the ion trap can be transported, which further reduces the number of second power supply modules and reduces the complexity of power supply to the ion trap.

[0014] In the present application, the power supply of the limiting electrical signal and the transport electrical signal to the control electrode can be realized by a signal synthesis module. At this time, the device also includes: a plurality of signal synthesis modules corresponding to the plurality of control electrodes; the plurality of signal synthesis modules are electrically connected to the first power supply module, and the plurality of signal synthesis modules are electrically connected to the plurality of second ends respectively, and the signal synthesis module is also used to be electrically connected to the corresponding control electrode, for receiving the limiting electrical signal from the first power supply module, receiving the transport electrical signal from the corresponding second end, synthesizing the limiting electrical signal with the transport electrical signal from the corresponding second end, and providing the synthesized electrical signal to the corresponding control electrode. The plurality of signal synthesis modules are electrically connected to the first power supply module, and the plurality of signal synthesis modules are electrically connected to the plurality of second ends respectively. The signal synthesis module is also used to be electrically connected to the corresponding control electrode, for receiving the limiting electrical signal from the first power supply module, receiving the transport electrical signal from the corresponding second end, synthesizing the limiting electrical signal with the transport electrical signal from the corresponding second end, and providing the synthesized electrical signal to the corresponding control electrode. For example, when the signal synthesis module receives the limiting electrical signal and the transmission electrical signal, the limiting electrical signal and the transmission electrical signal can be synthesized and the synthesized electrical signal can be provided to the corresponding control electrode. When the signal synthesis module receives the limiting electrical signal but does not receive the transmission electrical signal, the limiting electrical signal can be provided to the corresponding control electrode.

[0015] Optionally, the first power supply module is a DC voltage source. In this way, the first power supply module can provide a stable DC voltage signal, which helps the control electrode to use the DC voltage signal to stably confine ions in the ion trap.

[0016] And / or, the second power supply module is a waveform generator or a DC voltage source with controllable amplitude. Alternatively, the second power supply module can also be a device capable of realizing the voltage change of the provided electrical signal over time, such as a high-speed digital / analog converter, etc. For example, the second power supply module can be an arbitrary waveform generator. When the second power supply module is an AWG, the AWG has the ability to output a voltage signal of an arbitrary waveform. In this way, the second power supply module can provide a transport electrical signal that matches the transport demand based on various transport demands, so that the control electrode can use the transport electrical signal to transport ions according to the corresponding transport demand. When the second power supply module is a DC voltage source with controllable amplitude, the DC voltage source can provide a DC voltage signal that matches the transport demand based on various transport demands, so that the control electrode can use the DC voltage signal to transport ions according to the corresponding transport demand.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present application provides a power supply method for an ion trap. The ion trap has a plurality of control electrodes. The control electrodes are used to control the motion state of ions in the ion trap. The method is applied to a power supply device for an ion trap. The device comprises: a control module, a first power supply module, a second power supply module and a power supply switching module. The method comprises: the first power supply module provides a limiting electrical signal to the plurality of control electrodes, the limiting electrical signal being used to limit ions in the ion trap; the control module provides a power supply control signal to the second power supply module, and provides a power supply switching signal to the power supply switching module; the second power supply module provides a transport electrical signal to the first end of the power supply switching module based on the power supply control signal, the transport electrical signal being used to transport ions in the ion trap; the power supply switching module connects the first end with a specified second end among the plurality of second ends based on the power supply switching signal, and the total number of first ends of the power supply switching module is less than the total number of second ends.

[0018] Optionally, the power supply switching module has a first end, and the power supply switching module connects the first end with a designated second end among multiple second ends based on a power supply switching signal, including: the power supply switching module connects the first end with one of the multiple second ends based on the power supply switching signal.

[0019] Optionally, the power supply switching module has multiple first ends, the device includes multiple second power supply modules, the multiple first ends are electrically connected to the multiple second power supply modules respectively, and the power supply switching module connects the first end with a specified second end among the multiple second ends based on the power supply switching signal, including: the power supply switching module connects at least part of the multiple first ends with at least part of the multiple second ends respectively based on the power supply switching signal.

[0020] Optionally, the device also includes: multiple signal synthesis modules corresponding to multiple control electrodes, and the method also includes: the signal synthesis module receives a limiting electrical signal from a first power supply module, receives a transmission electrical signal from a corresponding second end, synthesizes the limiting electrical signal with the transmission electrical signal, and provides the synthesized electrical signal to the control electrode.

[0021] Optionally, the first power supply module is a DC voltage source, and / or the second power supply module is a waveform generator or a DC voltage source with controllable amplitude.

[0022] In a third aspect, the present application provides a quantum computer, comprising: an ion trap, an ion cooling device, an ion manipulation device, and a detection device. The ion trap comprises a power supply device of an ion trap as designed in any of the first aspects. The power supply device is used to provide an electrical signal to a control electrode of the ion trap so that the control electrode controls the motion state of ions in the ion trap based on the electrical signal; the ion cooling device is used to perform ground state cooling on the ions in the ion trap; the ion manipulation device is used to manipulate multiple ions in the ion trap after the ion cooling device performs ground state cooling on the ions; the detection device is used to detect multiple ions in the ion trap after the ion manipulation device manipulates multiple ions to obtain the result of quantum calculation.

[0023] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a chip, which includes a programmable logic circuit and / or program instructions, and when the chip is running, it is used to implement a power supply method for an ion trap designed in any of the second aspects.

[0024] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which instructions are stored. When the instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes a power supply method for an ion trap designed in any of the second aspects.

[0025] In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product comprising instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute a power supply method for an ion trap as designed in any one of the second aspects.

[0026] The effects of the second to sixth aspects can refer to the effects of the corresponding schemes in the first aspect, and this application will not elaborate on them here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the state of a quantum bit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an ion trap quantum computer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 3A schematic diagram of a basic process of ion trap quantum computing provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of controlling ions using an electric field provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a blade well provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a surface trap provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a power supply device for an ion trap provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a power supply switching module provided in an embodiment of the present application as an N-choose-1 switch module;

[0035] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a power supply device for an ion trap provided in an embodiment of the present application including a plurality of second power supply modules;

[0036] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of a power supply switching module provided in an embodiment of the present application as an N-to-X switch module;

[0037] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of another ion trap power supply device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of an operational amplifier provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Fig.13 A flow chart of a power supply method for an ion trap provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Fig.14 A flow chart of another ion trap power supply method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of a process of a power supply method for an ion trap provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Fig.16 A timing diagram of a signal output by a control module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Fig.17 A timing diagram of a limiting electrical signal output by a first power supply module provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the principles and technical solutions of the present application clearer, the implementation methods of the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0045] To facilitate understanding, the terms and technical background involved in the embodiments of the present application are explained below.

[0046] The basic principle of quantum computing is to use quantum bits to encode information, and to apply quantum gates (also called quantum logic gates) to quantum bits to change the quantum state of quantum bits (qubits). Usually, quantum gates are generated by driving pulses acting on quantum computing devices. In addition, the process by which quantum bits change during quantum computing can be called an evolution process, that is, the evolution process starts from the start time of the evolution of the quantum bit and ends at the end time of the evolution of the quantum bit. Any moment in the evolution process is an evolution moment. The time from the start time of the evolution of the quantum bit to any evolution moment is the evolution time of the quantum bit at any evolution moment. The state of the quantum bit at any evolution moment is called a quantum state.

[0047] A qubit is the basic unit for storing data. It can also be said that a qubit is the basic unit for quantum computing based on quantum logic. In traditional computing, 0 and 1 are used as the basic units of binary. What is different between quantum computing and traditional computing is that the state of a qubit not only has two classical states, 0 and 1, but quantum computing can also calculate 0 and 1 at the same time, making the qubit in a superposition state of 0 and 1, that is, the state of the qubit |Ψ>=α×|0>+β×|1>. Among them, |0> and |1> are the basic states of the qubit (also called the ground state). α is the probability amplitude of the qubit on |0>, |α| 2 represents the probability that the quantum bit is at |0>. β is the probability amplitude of the quantum bit at |1>, |β| 2 represents the probability amplitude of the qubit being in |1>. In one example, α and β satisfy: |α| 2 +|β| 2 =1. Figure 1 As shown, the state of a quantum bit can be represented by a point on the surface of the Bloch sphere. It can be seen that the state of a quantum bit not only has two classical states, 0 and 1, but also a superposition state of 0 and 1. Figure 1 The quantum bit is in a state where the probability of the quantum bit being in the 0 state is half and the probability of the quantum bit being in the 1 state is half, that is, Figure 1 The qubit shown is |Ψ>=(|0>+|1>) / 2. If we only look at the two classical states of the qubit, 0 and 1, then n (n≥1) qubits can have 2 nTherefore, compared with the linear superposition of classical computers, the number of states described by quantum computers increases exponentially with the number of bits, thereby achieving exponential computing acceleration.

[0048] A quantum gate is a mathematical description of the controlled evolution of a quantum bit during quantum computing. The effect of a quantum gate on a quantum bit can be represented by the product of a matrix representing the quantum gate and a vector representing the initial state of the quantum bit.

[0049] Quantum computers are used to realize universal quantum computing by using quantum systems. The quantum bits in ion trap quantum computers are ions. Ion trap quantum computers realize quantum computing by confining ions in ion traps and using the interaction between lasers and ions. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ion trap quantum computer provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, the ion trap quantum computer includes: ion trap 01, ion cooling device 02, ion manipulation device 03 and detection device 04. To facilitate understanding of the functions of each component in the ion trap quantum computer, the principle of the ion trap quantum computer implementing ion trap quantum computing is first described below.

[0050] Overall, the process of quantum computing includes: ionization of atoms into ions → ion cooling → bit operation on ions → bit readout. Among them, the process of ion cooling → bit operation on ions → bit readout can be repeated to perform multiple quantum calculations. In addition, when the process is repeated, before each cycle of the process, an ion shuttling operation needs to be performed to transport the ions required for quantum computing to the specified location, so that the quanta can communicate with each other during the quantum computing process, and realize the full interconnection of bit manipulation of ions. Ion transport refers to the precise control of the electric potential felt by ions in time and space, so that the ions can achieve ion movement, separation, merging, turning, etc. under the action of the electric potential.

[0051] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the basic process of ion trap quantum computing provided by the embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 As shown, in the process of quantum computing, the ion trap unit 011 is first placed in an ultra-high vacuum environment, and then the atoms of the atomic target are bombarded into the ion trap unit 011 using a laser. Then, ionizing light is irradiated to the atoms, so that the atoms are ionized after being irradiated by the ionizing light. After losing the outermost electrons, the ions (with positive charge) required for ion trap quantum computing are formed. It can be understood that the ion trap 01 can also include the ion structure obtained in this way ( Figure 1(not shown), the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. In an ultra-high vacuum environment, a high-voltage radio frequency electric field and a direct current electric field are formed in the ion trap unit 011. Under the combined action of the high-voltage radio frequency electric field and the direct current electric field, the ion trap unit 011 confines the ions in the ion trap unit 011, for example, confines the ions in the central area of ​​the ion trap unit 011. Afterwards, the ions in the ion trap unit 011 are ground-state cooled, and the ions after ground-state cooling realize bit operations under the action of manipulation light. Afterwards, the ions in the ion trap 01 are detected to realize the readout of the state of the quantum bit (also called the quantum state) and obtain the result of the quantum calculation. Then, through ion transport, the ions required for the next ion trap quantum calculation are transported together, and the ion confinement, ion cooling, ion manipulation and ion detection processes are repeated to realize the next bit operation. By analogy, large-scale ion trap quantum computing is realized.

[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, the ion trap 01 includes: an ion trap unit 011, an electromagnetic control unit 012 and a vacuum unit 013. The ion trap 01 is used to confine ions in the ion trap unit 011. The ion trap unit 011 includes a plurality of control electrodes 0111 and a power supply device 0112 of the ion trap provided in an embodiment of the present application. The power supply device 0112 is used to provide an electrical signal to the plurality of control electrodes 0111. The plurality of control electrodes 0111 are used to provide an electric field based on the electrical signal to control the motion state of ions in the ion trap unit 011 based on the electric field. The ion trap unit 011 is specifically used to confine ions in the ion trap unit 011 or transport ions in the ion trap unit 011 based on the electric field provided by the plurality of control electrodes 0111. The electromagnetic control unit 012 is used to provide a high-voltage radio frequency electric field to the ion trap unit 011. The ion trap unit 011 combines the high-voltage radio frequency electric field and the electric field provided by the plurality of control electrodes 0111, and can control the motion state of ions using the Coulomb force generated by the electric field. For example, the Coulomb force causes the ions to be confined within a specific space in the ion trap unit 011, such as confining the ions within the central area of ​​the ion trap unit 011. The vacuum unit 013 is used to provide a vacuum environment for the ion trap unit 011, so that the ion trap unit 011 is in a vacuum environment. It should be noted that the control electrode in the embodiment of the present application can be a single electrode or an electrode unit composed of multiple control electrodes. For example, the control electrode can be an electrode unit including multiple control electrodes, and each electrode unit is divided according to the area where the ions are confined.

[0053] The ion cooling device 02 is used to perform ground state cooling on the ions in the ion trap unit 011. In one implementation, the ground state cooling can be performed by laser cooling. The principle of the laser cooling method is as follows: when the laser provided by the ion cooling device 02 is irradiated on the ions, the ions absorb photons and radiate photons at the same time by interacting with the laser to exchange energy. When the energy of the photons absorbed by the ions is less than the energy of the photons radiated by the ions, the cooling of the ions is achieved. Since the vibration amplitude of the ions is positively correlated with the temperature of the ions, the vibration amplitude of the ions is greatly reduced after cooling. Therefore, by performing ground state cooling on the ions, the ions can be relatively stably confined to a certain area in the ion trap, which is convenient for subsequent manipulation of the ions.

[0054] The ion manipulation device 03 is used to provide manipulation light to the ions in the ion trap unit 011 after the ion cooling device 02 performs ground state cooling on the ions, and manipulate multiple ions in the ion trap unit 011, so that the multiple ions can perform bit operations under the action of the manipulation light. It can be understood that the manipulated object (such as an ion) of the ion manipulation device 03 can be regarded as a quantum bit.

[0055] The detection device 04 is used to detect multiple ions in the ion trap unit 011 after the ion manipulation device 03 manipulates multiple ions to obtain the result of quantum computing. In some implementations, it is necessary to perform multiple detections on the results of the bit operations performed sequentially, and obtain the result of the bit operations based on the multiple detection results.

[0056] Alternatively, please continue to refer to the above Figure 2 , the quantum computer may further include a control device 05. The control device 05 is connected to the ion trap 01, the ion cooling device 02, the ion manipulation device 03 and the detection device 04. For example, the control device 05 is connected to the electromagnetic control unit 012, the ion cooling device 02, the ion manipulation device 03 and the detection device 04. The control device 05 is used to control the devices connected thereto to implement the above-mentioned quantum computing process. It is understandable that the quantum computer may not include the control device 05.

[0057] Furthermore, when multiple ions are required for quantum computing, the multiple ions can be arranged in a one-dimensional arrangement, a two-dimensional arrangement, or a three-dimensional arrangement according to the requirements, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the arrangement. When the multiple ions are arranged in a one-dimensional arrangement, the multiple ions form an ion chain.

[0058] As described above, in the process of performing quantum computing based on ions, the ions need to be confined in the ion trap or transported to a specified location according to the needs. In one implementation, the confinement and transport of ions can be achieved by the electric field provided by the control electrode in the ion trap unit. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of controlling ions using an electric field provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 The curve in is a schematic diagram of the change of the potential provided by the control electrode. Figure 4 As shown, the control electrodes corresponding to the two ions to be controlled first generate Figure 4 The potential shown by the leftmost curve in the figure restricts the two ions to be manipulated to the lowest points of their respective potentials. For example, the potential restricts the ions to a spatial range of less than 1 micron (μm) and controls the distance between different ions to be at least on the order of 100 μm. Then, the potential generated by the control electrode changes so that the lowest points of the potentials corresponding to the two ions to be manipulated gradually approach and overlap, and the two ions to be manipulated move along with the lowest points of their respective potentials. For example, the potential generated is first Figure 4 The potential shown by the leftmost curve in the figure gradually changes to Figure 4 The potential shown by the middle curve gradually changes to Figure 4 The potential shown by the rightmost curve in the figure causes the ions to move along the lowest point of the potential until the two ions are transported to the lowest point of the same potential, allowing information to be exchanged between the two ions.

[0059] The current mainstream ion trap solutions are blade trap and surface trap. Figure 5 As shown, the blade trap is assembled from a plurality of blade-shaped control electrodes with a size of the order of millimeters (mm). Figure 5 Each solid line box in the figure represents a control electrode. Due to the large size of the control electrode, it has the advantages of simple processing and large potential well depth (trap depth), but the disadvantage is that it cannot accurately control the movement and arrangement of ions in space. The power supply of the blade trap is to directly connect the power supply wire to the control electrode. Since the spacing between ions in the ion trap is on the order of μm, when the laser manipulates specific ions, the non-manipulated ions will be affected by the laser crosstalk, affecting the fidelity of quantum computing using the ion trap. Among them, the potential well depth is the potential depth generated by the ion trap. The greater the voltage, the deeper the potential well, and it is more difficult for ions to escape the potential well.

[0060] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the surface well is composed of hundreds of tiny control electrodes. The control electrodes are formed by micro-nano processing. The size of the control electrodes is on the order of 10μm. Figure 6Each box in the figure represents a control electrode. Due to the small size of the control electrode, the electric field strength sensed by the ions can be controlled more accurately in space, thereby manipulating operations such as ion movement, merging, and separation. However, in order to achieve independent control of each control electrode, each control electrode needs to be powered independently. For example, the power supply of the surface well is often etched through silicon through-silicon-vias (TSV) technology to contact the power supply contact point of the control electrode with the wire of the power supply, so that the control electrode is electrically connected to the power supply one by one. Therefore, the number of power supplies for the surface well is extremely large and the power supply is complex.

[0061] Based on this, an embodiment of the present application provides a power supply device for an ion trap (hereinafter referred to as a power supply device). The power supply device is used to supply power to multiple control electrodes of the ion trap. The control electrodes are used to control the motion state of ions in the ion trap. For example, the power supply device can supply power to the control electrodes of the surface trap. The power supply device divides the power supply signal of the control electrode into a limiting electrical signal and a transport electrical signal. In the process of supplying power to the ion trap, the power supply device continuously provides limiting electrical signals to all control electrodes of the ion trap, and when there is a demand for ion transport, provides a transport electrical signal to the control electrode used to transport ions. The limiting electrical signal is used to confine ions in the ion trap. The transport electrical signal is used to transport ions in the ion trap. The power supply of the transport electrical signal is realized by a power supply switching module. The power supply switching module has one or more first ends and multiple second ends. Each first end is connected to a power supply module for providing a transport electrical signal, and multiple second ends are respectively electrically connected to multiple control electrodes, and the total number of first ends of the power supply switching module is less than the total number of second ends. The power supply switching module is used to electrically connect the first end with a specified second end among multiple second ends according to demand, so as to transmit the transport electrical signal from the first end to the control electrode connected to the specified second end, so that the control electrode performs ion transport based on the transport electrical signal.

[0062] In the power supply device, since the first end of the power supply switching module is connected to the second power supply module, and the total number of the first ends of the power supply switching module is less than the total number of the second ends, a small number of second power supply modules can be used to realize power supply to multiple control electrodes in the ion trap, thereby reducing the total number of second power supply modules and reducing the complexity of power supply to the ion trap. At the same time, this power supply method can ensure the accuracy of controlling the electric field strength, thereby accurately controlling the movement, merging and separation of ions.

[0063] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of a power supply device for an ion trap provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 As shown, the power supply device 0112 includes: a control module 0112a, a first power supply module 0112b, a second power supply module 0112c and a power supply switching module 0112d.

[0064] The first power supply module 0112b is used to be electrically connected to the plurality of control electrodes 0111 and to provide a limiting electrical signal to the plurality of control electrodes 0111. The limiting electrical signal is used to limit the ions in the ion trap. For example, in the process of the power supply device 0112 supplying power to the ion trap, the first power supply module 0112b is used to continuously provide a limiting electrical signal to all the control electrodes 0111 in the ion trap, so as to limit the ions in the central area of ​​the ion trap unit 011 based on the limiting electrical signal.

[0065] The control module 0112a is electrically connected to the second power supply module 0112c and the power supply switching module 0112d respectively. The control module 0112a is used to provide a power supply control signal to the second power supply module 0112c and a power supply switching signal to the power supply switching module 0112d. The power supply control signal is used to instruct the second power supply module 0112c to provide a transmission electric signal. In one implementation, the power supply control signal may indicate characteristic information of the transmission electric signal, so that the second power supply module 0112c provides a power supply control signal that satisfies the characteristic information based on the power supply control signal. Among them, the characteristic information may indicate characteristics such as the amplitude of the transmission electric signal. The characteristic information may be obtained by the control module 0112a according to the algorithm of quantum computing.

[0066] In addition to being electrically connected to the control module 0112a, the second power supply module 0112c is also electrically connected to the first end of the power supply switching module 0112d. The second power supply module 0112c is used to provide a transport electrical signal to the first end based on the power supply control signal. The transport electrical signal is used to transport ions in the ion trap. In one implementation, after receiving the power supply control signal, the second power supply module 0112c can generate a transport electrical signal with a default characteristic (such as an amplitude), and provide the transport electrical signal to the first end of the power supply switching module 0112d. Alternatively, when the power supply control signal indicates characteristic information of the transport electrical signal, after receiving the power supply control signal, the second power supply module 0112c generates a transport electrical signal with a specified characteristic (such as an amplitude) according to the characteristic information, and provides the transport electrical signal to the first end of the power supply switching module 0112d.

[0067] The multiple second ends of the power supply switching module 0112d are respectively used to be electrically connected to the multiple control electrodes 0111. The power supply switching module 0112d is used to connect the first end of the power supply switching module 0112d with a specified second end among the multiple second ends based on the power supply switching signal. By connecting the first end of the power supply switching module 0112d with the specified second end, the transport electrical signal from the first end can be transmitted to the control electrode 0111 electrically connected to the specified second end through the specified second end, so that the control electrode 0111 transports ions based on the transport electrical signal.

[0068] It can be seen that the power supply device 0112 divides the power supply signal of the control electrode 0111 into a limiting electrical signal and a transport electrical signal. In the process of supplying power to the ion trap, the power supply device 0112 continuously provides the limiting electrical signal to all the control electrodes 0111 of the ion trap, and provides the transport electrical signal to the control electrode 0111 used to transport ions when there is a demand for ion transport. In this way, when the control electrode 0111 is provided with a transport electrical signal, the control electrode 0111 can transport ions based on the superposition signal of the limiting electrical signal and the transport electrical signal, and when the control electrode 0111 is not provided with a transport electrical signal, the control electrode 0111 can confine ions in the ion trap based on the limiting electrical signal. Furthermore, since each first end of the power supply switching module 0112d is connected to a second power supply module 0112c, and the total number of first ends of the power supply switching module 0112d is less than the total number of second ends, a small number of second power supply modules 0112c can be used to realize power supply to multiple control electrodes 0111 in the ion trap, thereby reducing the total number of second power supply modules 0112c and reducing the complexity of power supply to the ion trap. Furthermore, since the power supply device 0112 reduces the complexity of power supply to the ion trap, it can not only greatly improve the ratio of the number of bits controlled by the ion trap to the number of power supply electrodes, but also does not affect the size of the electrodes and ensures the voltage refresh rate.

[0069] Optionally, the first power supply module 0112b is a DC voltage source. In this way, the first power supply module 0112b can provide a stable DC voltage signal, which helps the control electrode 0111 to use the DC voltage signal to stably confine ions in the ion trap.

[0070] And / or, the second power supply module 0112c is a waveform generator or a DC voltage source with controllable amplitude. For example, the second power supply module 0112c can be an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG). When the second power supply module 0112c is an AWG, the AWG has the ability to output a voltage signal of an arbitrary waveform. In this way, the second power supply module 0112c can provide a transport electrical signal that matches the transport demand based on various transport demands, so that the control electrode 0111 can use the transport electrical signal to transport ions according to the corresponding transport demand. When the second power supply module 0112c is a DC voltage source with controllable amplitude, the DC voltage source can provide a DC voltage signal that matches the transport demand based on various transport demands, so that the control electrode 0111 can use the DC voltage signal to transport ions according to the corresponding transport demand. For example, the second power supply module 0112c outputs a DC voltage signal with an amplitude of 5 volts from time t1 to t2, and provides the DC voltage signal to the control electrode 01111 through the power supply switching module 0112d, so that the control electrode 01111 performs ion transport based on the DC voltage signal. The second power supply module 0112c outputs a DC voltage signal with an amplitude of 3 volts from time t3 to t4, and provides the DC voltage signal to the control electrode 01112 through the power supply switching module 0112d, so that the control electrode 01112 performs ion transport based on the DC voltage signal. It is understandable that the second power supply module 0112c can also be other devices that can provide voltage changes of electrical signals over time, such as a high-speed digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and the like.

[0071] In one implementation, the power supply switching module 0112d has a first end. At this time, the power supply switching module 0112d is specifically used to connect the first end with one of the plurality of second ends based on the power supply switching signal, so as to transmit the transmission electric signal from the first end to the control electrode 0111 connected to the second end through the second end. For example, Figure 8As shown, the power supply switching module 0112d is a switch module, which has a first end and N second ends. And the switch module also has a control end, which is used to connect with the control module 0112a. The switch module transmits the electrical signal by essentially selecting a second end from the N second ends and connecting the selected second end to the first end. At this time, the switch module can be called an N-to-1 switch module. Wherein, N is a positive integer greater than 1. In this case, the multiple control electrodes 0111 connected to the multiple second ends of the power supply switching module 0112d only need to be powered by one second power supply module 0112c. Compared with the method in the related art where each control electrode 0111 is powered by one power supply, the total number of second power supply modules 0112c is greatly reduced, and the complexity of powering the ion trap is reduced.

[0072] Optionally, the power supply device 0112 may have one or more power supply switching modules 0112d of the implementation mode. When the power supply device 0112 has multiple power supply switching modules 0112d of the implementation mode, the ion trap powered by the power supply device 0112 can transport multiple ions at the same time. In addition, multiple control electrodes 0111 powered by multiple power supply switching modules 0112d can share the first power supply module 0112b and the control module 0112a in the power supply device 0112, which can also reduce the complexity of power supply to the ion trap. When the power supply device 0112 has one power supply switching module 0112d of the implementation mode, the ion trap powered by the power supply device 0112 can transport one ion at the same time. Since only one first power supply module 0112b and one second power supply module 0112c are needed, multiple control electrodes 0111 in the ion trap can be powered, which further reduces the number of second power supply modules 0112c and reduces the complexity of power supply to the ion trap.

[0073] In another implementation, Fig. 9 As shown, the power supply switching module 0112d has a plurality of first ends, and the power supply device 0112 includes a plurality of second power supply modules 0112c, and the plurality of first ends are electrically connected to the plurality of second power supply modules 0112c, respectively. At this time, the power supply switching module 0112d is specifically used to connect at least part of the plurality of first ends to at least part of the plurality of second ends, respectively, based on the power supply switching signal, so as to transmit the transmission electrical signal from the first end to the control electrode 0111 connected to the second end through the connected second end. For example, the power supply switching module 0112d can connect X first ends among the plurality of first ends to X second ends among the plurality of second ends in a one-to-one correspondence, where X is a positive integer greater than 0 and less than M, and M is the total number of first ends of the power supply switching module 0112d. For example, as Fig.10As shown, the power supply switching module 0112d is a switch module, and the switch module has M first ends and N second ends. M and N are both positive integers greater than 1, and M is less than N. At this time, the switch module can be a switch array, and the switch array can realize multi-way input and multi-way output. Correspondingly, the second power supply module 0112c can be a power supply array. The switch module also has a control end, and the control end is used to connect with the control module 0112a. The switch module transmits and transports electrical signals in essence by selecting X second ends from the M first ends, selecting X second ends from the N second ends, and connecting the selected second ends to the first ends in a one-to-one correspondence. At this time, the switch module can be called an N-selection-X switch module. In this case, the N control electrodes 0111 connected to the N second ends of the power supply switching module 0112d only need to be powered by M second power supply modules 0112c. Compared with the method in the related art where each control electrode 0111 is powered by one power supply, the total number of second power supply modules 0112c is greatly reduced.

[0074] Optionally, the power supply device 0112 may have one or more power supply switching modules 0112d of the implementation mode. When the power supply device 0112 has multiple power supply switching modules 0112d of the implementation mode, the ion trap powered by the power supply device 0112 can transport multiple ions at the same time. In addition, multiple control electrodes 0111 powered by multiple power supply switching modules 0112d can share the first power supply module 0112b and the control module 0112a in the power supply device 0112, which can also reduce the complexity of power supply to the ion trap. When the power supply device 0112 has one power supply switching module 0112d of the implementation mode, the ion trap powered by the power supply device 0112 can transport multiple ions at the same time, and because the N control electrodes 0111 connected to the N second ends only need to be powered by the M second power supply modules 0112c, multiple ions in the ion trap can be transported, which further reduces the number of the second power supply modules 0112c and reduces the complexity of power supply to the ion trap.

[0075] Optionally, in the embodiment of the present application, the switching speed of the power supply switching module 0112d can be determined according to the application requirements. For example, when the switching frequency of the power supply switching module 0112d is 100 kHz or above, the power supply device 0112 can be applied to an ion trap that needs to quickly switch the transport electrical signal to different control electrodes 0111, which helps to improve the precision of the ion trap's control over ions. In addition, the ion trap can be powered by one or more power supply devices 0112, so that the ion trap can transport multiple ions under the power supply of the multiple power supply devices 0112.

[0076] In the embodiment of the present application, the power supply of the limiting electrical signal and the transmission electrical signal to the control electrode 0111 can be realized by the signal synthesis module 0112e. Fig.11 As shown, the power supply device 0112 further includes: a plurality of signal synthesis modules 0112e corresponding to the plurality of control electrodes 0111. The plurality of signal synthesis modules 0112e are all electrically connected to the first power supply module 0112b, and the plurality of signal synthesis modules 0112e are respectively electrically connected to the plurality of second ends. The signal synthesis module 0112e is also used to be electrically connected to the corresponding control electrode 0111, to receive the limiting electrical signal from the first power supply module 0112b, to receive the transport electrical signal from the corresponding second end, to synthesize the limiting electrical signal with the transport electrical signal from the corresponding second end, and to provide the synthesized electrical signal to the corresponding control electrode 0111. For example, when the signal synthesis module 0112e receives the limiting electrical signal and the transport electrical signal, the limiting electrical signal and the transport electrical signal can be synthesized, and the synthesized electrical signal can be provided to the corresponding control electrode 0111. When the signal synthesis module 0112e receives the limiting electrical signal but does not receive the transport electrical signal, the limiting electrical signal can be provided to the corresponding control electrode 0111. Among them, multiple signal synthesis modules 0112e can be electrically connected to multiple control electrodes 0111 in a one-to-one correspondence, and each signal synthesis module 0112e provides a synthesized electrical signal to a corresponding control electrode 0111. Alternatively, one signal synthesis module 0112e can correspond to multiple control electrodes 0111, and each signal synthesis module 0112e provides a synthesized electrical signal to the corresponding multiple control electrodes 0111. Among them, Fig.11 The power supply device 0112 includes a schematic diagram of a second power supply module 0112c.

[0077] In one implementation, the signal synthesis module 0112e may be an operational amplifier (OPA). Fig.12 Schematic diagram of an operational amplifier provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.12 As shown, the negative end of the operational amplifier is connected to the output end of the first power supply module 0112b and the corresponding second end of the operational amplifier, that is, the limiting electrical signal and the transmission electrical signal are both input from the negative end of the operational amplifier. The same end of the operational amplifier is grounded. A feedback resistor is connected between the output end and the negative end of the operational amplifier. Fig.12The operational amplifier shown plays the role of an adder, and is used to add the amplitudes of the limiting electrical signal and the transport electrical signal, and provide the added electrical signal to the corresponding control electrode 0111. Optionally, the operational amplifier can not only add the amplitudes of the limiting electrical signal and the transport electrical signal, but also amplify the result of the addition of the two, and provide the amplified electrical signal to the corresponding control electrode 0111. It should be noted that the signal synthesis module 0112e provided in the embodiment of the present application is not limited to an operational amplifier, but can also be other devices that can realize voltage amplitude addition and subtraction operations.

[0078] As can be seen from the above, the power supply device divides the power supply signal of the control electrode into a limiting electrical signal and a transport electrical signal. In the process of supplying power to the ion trap, the power supply device continuously provides a limiting electrical signal to all control electrodes of the ion trap, and when there is a demand for ion transport, provides a transport electrical signal to the control electrode used to transport ions. In the power supply device, since the first end of the power supply switching module is connected to the second power supply module, and the total number of the first end of the power supply switching module is less than the total number of the second end, a small number of second power supply modules can be used to realize the power supply to multiple control electrodes in the ion trap, reducing the total number of second power supply modules and reducing the complexity of supplying power to the ion trap. For example, when supplying power to the control electrodes of the ion trap of the same scale, the number of power supply sources required by the power supply device of the ion trap provided in the embodiment of the present application is reduced from hundreds of sources in the related art to dozens of sources, and the ratio of the number of bits to the number of power supply sources is increased to be greater than 2:1. In addition, since the power supply device reduces the complexity of the ion trap power supply, it can not only greatly improve the ratio of the number of bits controlled by the ion trap to the number of power supply electrodes, but also can not affect the size of the electrode and ensure the refresh rate of the voltage. For example, compared with the method in which multiple power supply modules supply power to multiple control electrodes through a bus, the power supply method provided by the embodiment of the present application will not be limited by the communication rate of the bus, and can ensure the refresh rate of the electrical signal. At the same time, this power supply method can ensure the accuracy of controlling the electric field strength, thereby accurately controlling the movement, merging and separation of ions.

[0079] Based on the power supply device of the ion trap provided in the embodiment of the present application, the embodiment of the present application also provides a power supply method for the ion trap. The method is performed by the power supply device of the ion trap. Figure 7 or Fig. 9 As shown, the power supply device includes: a control module, a first power supply module, a second power supply module and a power supply switching module. Fig.13 As shown, the power supply method of the ion trap includes:

[0080] Step 1301: A first power supply module provides a limiting electrical signal to a plurality of control electrodes, where the limiting electrical signal is used to confine ions in an ion trap.

[0081] Step 1302: The control module provides a power supply control signal to the second power supply module, and provides a power supply switching signal to the power supply switching module.

[0082] Step 1303: The second power supply module provides a transport electrical signal to the first end of the power supply switching module based on the power supply control signal, where the transport electrical signal is used to transport ions in the ion trap.

[0083] Step 1304: The power supply switching module connects the first end with a designated second end among the plurality of second ends based on the power supply switching signal to provide a transmission electrical signal from the first end to the control electrode connected to the designated second end, and the total number of first ends of the power supply switching module is less than the total number of second ends.

[0084] In one implementation, the power supply switching module has a first end. At this time, the power supply switching module connects the first end with a specified second end among multiple second ends based on a power supply switching signal, including: the power supply switching module connects the first end with one of the multiple second ends based on the power supply switching signal.

[0085] In another implementation, the power supply switching module has multiple first ends, and the power supply device includes multiple second power supply modules, and the multiple first ends are electrically connected to the multiple second power supply modules respectively. At this time, the power supply switching module connects the first end with a specified second end among the multiple second ends based on the power supply switching signal, including: the power supply switching module connects at least part of the multiple first ends with at least part of the multiple second ends respectively based on the power supply switching signal.

[0086] Optional, such as Fig.11 As shown, the power supply device further includes: a plurality of signal synthesis modules corresponding to the plurality of control electrodes. Fig.14 As shown, the method also includes: step 1305, the signal synthesis module receives the limiting electrical signal from the first power supply module, receives the transmission electrical signal from the corresponding second end, synthesizes the limiting electrical signal with the transmission electrical signal, and provides the synthesized electrical signal to the control electrode.

[0087] In one implementation, the first power supply module is a DC voltage source, so that the first power supply module can provide a stable DC voltage signal, which helps the control electrode to use the DC voltage signal to stably confine ions in the ion trap.

[0088] And / or, the second power supply module is a waveform generator or a DC voltage source with controllable amplitude. Alternatively, the second power supply module can also be a device capable of realizing the voltage change of the provided electrical signal over time, such as a high-speed digital / analog converter, etc. For example, the second power supply module can be an arbitrary waveform generator. When the second power supply module is an AWG, the AWG has the ability to output a voltage signal of an arbitrary waveform. In this way, the second power supply module can provide a transport electrical signal that matches the transport demand based on various transport demands, so that the control electrode can use the transport electrical signal to transport ions according to the corresponding transport demand. When the second power supply module is a DC voltage source with controllable amplitude, the DC voltage source can provide a DC voltage signal that matches the transport demand based on various transport demands, so that the control electrode can use the DC voltage signal to transport ions according to the corresponding transport demand.

[0089] In the power supply method, after ions are loaded in the ion trap, the first power supply module provides a limiting electrical signal to the control electrode, and the limiting electrical signal forms a limiting electric field. The limiting electric field combines with the high-voltage radio frequency electric field to limit the ions in the ion trap unit 011. Afterwards, when it is necessary to perform bit operations based on ions, the control module provides a power supply control signal to the second power supply module and provides a power supply switching signal to the power supply switching module. The second power supply module provides a transport electrical signal to the first end of the power supply switching module based on the power supply control signal. The power supply switching module connects the first end with a designated second end among a plurality of second ends based on the power supply switching signal to transmit the transport electrical signal to the control electrode connected thereto through the designated second end, and uses the transport electrical signal to transport the ions involved in the bit calculation to the designated position, so as to perform bit operations based on the ions. Then, when it is necessary to perform bit operations based on ions again, the control module provides a power supply control signal to the second power supply module and provides a power supply switching signal to the power supply switching module. The second power supply module provides a transport electrical signal to the first end of the power supply switching module based on the power supply control signal. Based on the power switching signal, the power supply switching module switches the first end to be connected to a designated second end among the plurality of second ends, so as to switch and transmit the transport electric signal to the designated second end and to the control electrode connected thereto, and utilizes the transport electric signal to transport the ions involved in the bit calculation to the designated position, so as to perform the bit operation based on the ions. By analogy, large-scale ion trap quantum computing is realized. Among them, before the first bit operation is performed based on the ions, it may not be necessary to transport the ions, and at this time, it is not necessary to perform the ion transport operation. Fig.15 Schematic diagram of the ion transport operation before the first bit operation based on ions is performed. Fig.16 This is a timing diagram of a signal output by a control module provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the solid line is a power supply control signal and the dotted line is a power supply switching signal. Fig.17 This is a timing diagram of a limiting electrical signal output by a first power supply module provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.17 As shown, the power supply device supplies power to the ion trap between time n1 and time n2, according to Fig.17 It can be seen that the first power supply module continuously outputs the limiting electrical signal between the time n1 and the time n2.

[0090] As can be seen from the above, the power supply method divides the power supply signal of the control electrode into a limiting electrical signal and a transport electrical signal. In the process of supplying power to the ion trap, the power supply device continuously provides a limiting electrical signal to all control electrodes of the ion trap, and when there is a demand for ion transport, provides a transport electrical signal to the control electrode used to transport ions. The power supply switching module electrically connects the first end to a specified second end among multiple second ends according to the demand, so as to transmit the transport electrical signal from the first end to the control electrode connected to the specified second end, so that the control electrode performs ion transport based on the transport electrical signal. In the power supply device, since the first end of the power supply switching module is connected to the second power supply module, and the total number of the first ends of the power supply switching module is less than the total number of the second ends, a small number of second power supply modules can be used to realize the power supply to multiple control electrodes in the ion trap, reducing the total number of second power supply modules and reducing the complexity of supplying power to the ion trap. For example, when supplying power to the control electrodes of the ion trap of the same scale, the number of power supply sources required for the power supply method of the ion trap provided in the embodiment of the present application is reduced from hundreds of sources in the related art to dozens of sources, and the ratio of the number of bits to the number of power supply sources is increased to be greater than 2:1. Moreover, since the power supply device reduces the complexity of the ion trap power supply, it can not only greatly improve the ratio of the number of bits controlled by the ion trap to the number of power supply electrodes, but also can not affect the size of the electrodes and ensure the voltage refresh rate. For example, compared with the method in which multiple power supply modules supply power to multiple control electrodes through a bus, the power supply method provided in the embodiment of the present application will not be limited by the communication rate of the bus, and can ensure the refresh rate of the electrical signal. At the same time, this power supply method can ensure the accuracy of controlling the electric field strength, thereby accurately controlling the movements of ion movement, merging and separation.

[0091] The present application also provides a quantum computer. The quantum computer includes: an ion trap, an ion cooling device, an ion manipulation device and a detection device. The ion trap includes a power supply device of any ion trap provided in the present application. The power supply device is used to provide an electrical signal to the control electrode of the ion trap so that the control electrode controls the motion state of the ions in the ion trap based on the electrical signal. The ion cooling device is used to perform ground state cooling on the ions in the ion trap. The ion manipulation device is used to manipulate multiple ions in the ion trap after the ion cooling device performs ground state cooling on the ions. The detection device is used to detect multiple ions in the ion trap after the ion manipulation device manipulates the multiple ions to obtain the result of quantum calculation. In one implementation, the quantum computer can be the aforementioned ion trap quantum computer. Please refer to its structural schematic diagram. Figure 2 .

[0092] The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which instructions are stored. When the instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes any one of the ion trap power supply methods performed by the control module provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0093] The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product comprising instructions. When the computer program product is executed on a computer, the computer is enabled to execute any one of the ion trap power supply methods provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0094] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When software is used for implementation, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product, and the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loading and executing computer program instructions on a computer, the process or function according to the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a computer network or other programmable device. The computer instruction can be stored in a computer's readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instruction can be transmitted from a website site, a computer, a server or a data center by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode to another website site, computer, server or data center. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server, a data center, etc. that contains one or more available media integrated. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape), an optical medium, or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid-state hard disk), etc.

[0095] In the present application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "at least one" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly defined.

[0096] Different types of embodiments such as method embodiments and device embodiments provided in the embodiments of the present application can refer to each other, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto. The order of operations in the method embodiments provided in the embodiments of the present application can be appropriately adjusted, and the operations can also be increased or decreased accordingly according to the circumstances. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of the method of change within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, and it should be included in the protection scope of the present application, so it will not be repeated.

[0097] In the corresponding embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and devices, etc. can be implemented by other configuration methods. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of modules is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple modules can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or modules, which can be electrical or other forms.

[0098] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components described as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place or distributed on multiple devices. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.

[0099] The above is only an optional implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, and these modifications or replacements should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A power supply device for an ion trap, characterized in that: The ion trap has a plurality of control electrodes, and the control electrodes are used to control the motion state of ions in the ion trap. The device comprises: a control module, a first power supply module, a second power supply module and a power supply switching module; The first power supply module is used to be electrically connected to the plurality of control electrodes and to provide a limiting electrical signal to the plurality of control electrodes, wherein the limiting electrical signal is used to limit ions in the ion trap; The control module is electrically connected to the second power supply module and the power supply switching module respectively, and is used to provide a power supply control signal to the second power supply module and a power supply switching signal to the power supply switching module; The second power supply module is also electrically connected to the first end of the power supply switching module, and is used to provide a transport electrical signal to the first end based on the power supply control signal, wherein the transport electrical signal is used to transport ions in the ion trap; The multiple second ends of the power supply switching module are respectively used to electrically connect to the multiple control electrodes. The power supply switching module is used to connect the first end with a designated second end among the multiple second ends based on the power supply switching signal. The total number of first ends of the power supply switching module is less than the total number of second ends.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The power supply switching module has a first end, and the power supply switching module is specifically used to connect the first end with one of the plurality of second ends based on the power supply switching signal.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The power supply switching module has multiple first ends, and the device includes multiple second power supply modules. The multiple first ends are electrically connected to the multiple second power supply modules respectively. The power supply switching module is specifically used to connect at least part of the multiple first ends with at least part of the multiple second ends respectively based on the power supply switching signal.

4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The device further comprises: a plurality of signal synthesis modules corresponding to the plurality of control electrodes; The multiple signal synthesis modules are all electrically connected to the first power supply module, and the multiple signal synthesis modules are respectively electrically connected to the multiple second ends. The signal synthesis module is also used to be electrically connected to the corresponding control electrode, to receive the limiting electrical signal from the first power supply module, to receive the transmission electrical signal from the corresponding second end, to synthesize the limiting electrical signal with the transmission electrical signal from the corresponding second end, and to provide the synthesized electrical signal to the corresponding control electrode.

5. The ion trap power supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The first power supply module is a DC voltage source, and / or the second power supply module is a waveform generator or a DC voltage source with controllable amplitude.

6. A method for powering an ion trap, characterized in that: The ion trap has a plurality of control electrodes, and the control electrodes are used to control the motion state of ions in the ion trap. The method is applied to a power supply device of the ion trap, and the device comprises: a control module, a first power supply module, a second power supply module and a power supply switching module. The method comprises: The first power supply module provides a limiting electrical signal to the plurality of control electrodes, wherein the limiting electrical signal is used to limit ions in the ion trap; The control module provides a power supply control signal to the second power supply module, and provides a power supply switching signal to the power supply switching module; The second power supply module provides a transport electrical signal to the first end of the power supply switching module based on the power supply control signal, wherein the transport electrical signal is used to transport ions in the ion trap; The power supply switching module connects the first end to a designated second end among the plurality of second ends based on the power supply switching signal, and the total number of first ends of the power supply switching module is smaller than the total number of second ends.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The power supply switching module has a first end, and the power supply switching module connects the first end with a specified second end among the plurality of second ends based on the power supply switching signal, including: The power supply switching module connects the first end to one of the plurality of second ends based on the power supply switching signal.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The power supply switching module has a plurality of first ends, the device includes a plurality of second power supply modules, the plurality of first ends are electrically connected to the plurality of second power supply modules respectively, and the power supply switching module connects the first end with a designated second end among the plurality of second ends based on the power supply switching signal, including: The power supply switching module connects at least part of the plurality of first ends to at least part of the plurality of second ends based on the power supply switching signal.

9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that: The device further includes: a plurality of signal synthesis modules corresponding to the plurality of control electrodes, and the method further includes: The signal synthesis module receives the limiting electrical signal from the first power supply module, receives the transmission electrical signal from the corresponding second end, synthesizes the limiting electrical signal with the transmission electrical signal, and provides the synthesized electrical signal to the control electrode.

10. The power supply method for an ion trap according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that: The first power supply module is a DC voltage source, and / or the second power supply module is a waveform generator or a DC voltage source with controllable amplitude.

11. A quantum computer, characterized in that: include: An ion trap, an ion cooling device, an ion manipulation device and a detection device, wherein the ion trap comprises a power supply device of the ion trap according to any one of claims 1 to 5; The power supply device is used to provide an electrical signal to the control electrode of the ion trap, so that the control electrode controls the motion state of ions in the ion trap based on the electrical signal; The ion cooling device is used to perform ground state cooling on the ions in the ion trap; The ion manipulation device is used to manipulate the plurality of ions in the ion trap after the ion cooling device performs ground state cooling on the ions; The detection device is used to detect the multiple ions in the ion trap after the ion manipulation device manipulates the multiple ions, so as to obtain the result of quantum calculation.

12. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions, and when the instructions are executed on a computer, the computer executes the ion trap power supply method according to any one of claims 6 to 10.

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