Display integration

Abstract

A method and apparatus for integrating a display sub-array into an ophthalmic lens wherein the display sub-array comprises an emissive array and a reflective optical component that redirects light from the emissive array. In addition, the shield also reflects ambient light. The invention also discloses an augmented reality system with an integrated display subarray.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 357,842, filed on July 1, 2022, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.

[0003] Background and technical field

[0004] The present invention relates to full-color augmented reality (AR) displays. Augmented reality (AR) uses technology to combine a simulated environment with a real environment. AR relies on optics to create a simulated environment that annotates or augments the real environment so that the user can experience the environment as one environment. Hardware for augmented reality generally includes a computer capable of synchronizing and mapping the simulated environment to a real-time simulation of the real environment using a visual output display. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention relates to a method of integrating a display subarray into a spectacle lens, the method comprising a display subarray and an optical system, a pair of glasses comprising at least one lens, the display subarray comprising an emission array, an optical system for delivering light to a viewer's eye on top of the emission array, and a shielding layer between the emission array and the spectacle lens.

[0006] The present invention also relates to a device for integrating a display subarray into a spectacle lens, the device comprising: a display subarray and an optical system, a pair of glasses containing at least one lens, the display subarray comprising an emission array; an optical system arranged on top of the emission array to deliver light to the viewer's eyes, and a shielding layer between the emission array and the spectacle lens.

[0007] The present invention also relates to an augmented reality system, which includes: a spectacle lens; a color conversion pixel array, which is developed on the spectacle lens; a shield layer array, which prevents ambient light from reaching the color conversion pixels; an optical element array, which directs light generated by the color conversion pixels to the viewer's eyes; and a display, which generates a high-energy light source and optical elements to direct light to the color conversion pixel array. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] The foregoing and other advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent after reading the following detailed description and after referring to the accompanying drawings.

[0009] Figure 1A Glasses with one or two lenses are shown.

[0010] Figure 1BA close-up view showing the subarrays integrated into the lens.

[0011] Figure 1C Another related embodiment is shown in which the sub-array includes an emissive layer 106 and reflective optics.

[0012] Figure 2A An implementation is shown in which a color conversion array is integrated into an eyeglass lens.

[0013] Figure 2B Showing eyeglass lenses as an example of an optical system.

[0014] Figure 3A An implementation is shown in which a color conversion array is integrated on the top surface of a waveguide structure.

[0015] Figure 3B A cross section of a waveguide with a color conversion array layer is shown.

[0016] Figure 3C Exemplary implementations of color conversion arrays and output coupling layers are shown.

[0017] Figure 4A A structure is shown with a shielding layer that prevents light from affecting the color conversion pixel 404 from one side.

[0018] Figure 4B For Figure 4A A similar structure in which light from the display passes through the shielding layer or color conversion pixels from the color conversion surface or in the area around the color conversion pixels.

[0019] Figure 4C Shows a structure in which different color conversion pixels and shielding pixels (R, G, B) each produce different colors.

[0020] Figure 5 Demonstrates the system architecture using a display and color conversion pixel array (R, G, B) on eyeglass lenses. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following detailed description describes a method and device for integrating a display subarray into a spectacle lens, and also describes an augmented reality display system related to the method and device.

[0022] Building a full-color AR system requires bright and high-resolution displays and optics to overlay images on the real world.

[0023] In one embodiment, the display is integrated into glasses in front of the user's eyes.The display consists of an array of smaller individual sub-arrays.

[0024] In a related embodiment, the subarray may include a driver backplane, an emitting device, and optics. In a related embodiment, the backplane, emitting device, and optics are first integrated and then transferred to the eyeglass lens. In a related embodiment, the traces in the eyeglass lens are connected to the driver at the edge of the lens. The driver provides data to the subarray and communicates with the video or image source / processor or timing controller of the display.

[0025] In one embodiment, shielding behind the pixel segments allows light to travel only toward the user's eyes.

[0026] In a related embodiment, the optical device is a lens or lens array integrated on top of the emissive layer. In another related embodiment, the optical device is a mirror facing the user's eye. Here, the pixel subarray projects light into the mirror, and the mirror redirects the image to the user's eye.

[0027] The challenge with this type of architecture is connecting the subarrays and drivers.

[0028] In another related embodiment, an external display provides light to excite a color conversion array integrated into the eyeglass lens. In this embodiment, a different color conversion pixel array is patterned on the eyeglass lens. A display including an array of pixels that generate high energy photons is used to excite the color conversion pixel array.

[0029] The shielding layer prevents the color conversion from being excited by ambient light. The optical system can be a mirror or lens or a combination of different optical structures. The display source can be integrated into the glass handle or the frame of the glasses. The optical system can direct the light from the display to the color conversion layer. The color conversion is patterned in a smaller area. The display and delivery optical system can be calibrated to align and focus the display light on the appropriate color conversion segment.

[0030] In another related case, a group of pixels in the display are turned on and the activated color conversion region is mapped to the pixel. The process can continue until the pixels of the display are mapped to the color conversion region. Based on the color conversion mapping, during the operation of the display, the video data is mapped to the display pixels.

[0031] In another related embodiment, the display resolution may be less than the resolution of the color conversion array.

[0032] Figure 1AGlasses with one or two lenses 102 are shown. The glasses may be single lens glasses. The glasses may be monocular glasses: these glasses have a single lens designed for only one eye. They are generally used to correct the vision of one eye, while the other eye maintains clear vision. The glasses may be single vision glasses: these glasses are prescribed for individuals with presbyopia, a condition where the ability to focus on near objects decreases with age. One lens is designed for distance vision, while the other lens is intended for near vision.

[0033] The glasses may be double lens glasses: The glasses may be bifocal glasses: Bifocals have two different optical powers in a single lens. The upper portion of the lens corrects distance vision, while the lower portion helps with near vision. The powers of these lenses are often used for individuals with presbyopia. The glasses may be trifocal glasses: Trifocals have three different optical powers in a single lens. The sections are generally configured with distance vision at the top, intermediate vision in the middle, and near vision at the bottom. Trifocals are also used to address presbyopia. The glasses may be progressive / wireless bifocal glasses: Progressive lenses provide a smooth transition of optical power without the visible graduation lines found in bifocals or trifocals. Progressive lenses provide a gradual change in prescription power from top to bottom, allowing clear vision at multiple distances. The glasses may be special glasses, such as safety glasses: These glasses feature impact-resistant lenses and are designed to protect the eyes during various activities, such as sports, construction work, or laboratory experiments. The glasses may be sunglasses. Sunglasses are designed to protect the eyes from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays and bright light. Sunglasses come in a variety of styles and lens tints, providing varying degrees of protection and visual comfort. The glasses may be computer glasses: these are specifically designed to reduce eye strain and discomfort caused by prolonged use of computers or digital devices. Computer glasses often feature lenses with anti-reflective coatings to minimize glare.

[0034] An array of display subarrays 104 is integrated into the lens 102. Subarray 104 includes an optical system and an emission array. The emission array may be an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display. OLED displays consist of a thin film of organic compounds that emit light when an electric current is applied. These displays provide high contrast ratios, wide viewing angles, and vivid colors. OLED technology is commonly used in smartphones, televisions, and wearable devices. The emission array may be an active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display. AMOLED displays are a type of OLED display that uses a thin-film transistor (TFT) array to control the current flowing through each pixel. This allows for faster pixel response times and improved image quality. AMOLED displays are widely used in smartphones and high-end televisions. The emission array may be a micro-LED (MicroLED) display. MicroLED displays utilize an array of microscopic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to create an image. Each pixel in a MicroLED display is made of a tiny individual LED. MicroLED technology provides high brightness, a wide color gamut, and an excellent contrast ratio. It has the potential to provide excellent image quality and is being explored for various applications, including large-scale displays and virtual reality head-mounted kits. The emission array may be a quantum dot display. Quantum dot displays use semiconductor nanocrystals called quantum dots to enhance the color performance of LCD (liquid crystal display) panels. The quantum dots emit light of a specific color when excited by a light source. Compared with traditional LCD displays, quantum dot displays can achieve a wider color gamut and improve color accuracy when combined with LED backlights. The emission array may be an electroluminescent display. Electroluminescent displays use thin phosphorescent materials that emit light when an electric current is applied. Electroluminescent displays can be flexible, allowing curved or rollable displays to be built. Electroluminescent displays are commonly found in applications such as smart watches, automotive displays, and small handheld devices. The emission array may be a laser-induced display. Laser-induced displays use lasers to excite specific materials, which then emit light. This technology is still in the early stages of development and has the potential to provide high brightness, energy efficiency, and color reproduction.

[0035] Figure 1BA close-up view of the sub-array 104 integrated into the lens 102 is shown. The sub-array 104 may include an emission array 106. An optical system 108 may be present on top of the emission array 106 to deliver light to the viewer's eye 120. The optical system 108 may be made of a lens or a combination of different optical components. The optical system may incorporate various lenses or a combination of different optical components to achieve a specific function. Some examples of lenses and optical components commonly used in optical systems are described below. For example, the lens may be a convex lens: a convex lens lens protrudes outward in the middle and is thicker at the center than at the edges. The convex lens lens converges the incident light rays into a focal point, resulting in magnification and focusing. Convex lens lenses are widely used in applications such as cameras, telescopes, magnifiers, and glasses. In another example, the lens is a concave lens: a concave lens is thinner in the center and curves inward at the edges. It diverges and diffuses the incident light rays. Concave lenses are commonly used to correct myopia (short-sightedness) and are also used in optical systems such as microscope eyepieces and cameras. In another example, the lens may be an achromatic lens: An achromatic lens is composed of multiple lens elements with different types of lenses to minimize chromatic aberration. Chromatic aberration causes color fringing and image distortion. Achromatic lenses are used in cameras, telescopes, microscopes, and other systems where color correction is important. In another example, the lens may be an aspheric lens: An aspheric lens has a non-spherical surface that allows for better correction of spherical aberration and other aberrations compared to traditional spherical lenses. Aspheric lenses are utilized in applications such as high-quality camera lenses, projectors, and laser collimation systems. In another example, the lens may be. In another example, the lens may be a cylindrical lens. A cylindrical lens has different curvatures along one axis, resulting in different focal lengths in different planes. Cylindrical lenses are used to focus or diverge light in a specific direction, correct astigmatism, or produce a deformation effect. Cylindrical lenses can find applications in laser optics, barcode scanners, and ophthalmic lenses. In another example, the lens may include a prism: a prism is a transparent optical element with a flat polished surface that can refract, reflect, and disperse light. Prisms are used in optical systems for light redirection, beam manipulation, astigmatism, and image rotation. Prisms are commonly found in binoculars, cameras, spectrometers, and optical instruments. In another example, the lens may be a beam splitter: a beam splitter is an optical device that splits a light beam into two or more separate beams. A beam splitter can transmit a portion of the light while reflecting another portion of the light. Beam splitters are necessary in systems such as cameras, interferometers, optical microscopes, and lasers. In another example, the lens may be a polarizing filter. A polarizing filter is an optical component that selectively transmits light waves that vibrate in a specific direction. Polarizing filters are used to control or eliminate polarized light, reduce glare, or enhance contrast. Polarizing filters are commonly used in photography, LCD displays, and optical instruments.

[0036] There may be a shielding layer 110 between the emissive layer 106 and the eyeglass lens 102 .

[0037] Figure 1C Another related embodiment is shown in which the subarray 104 includes an emissive layer 106 and a reflective optical system 108. The reflective material may be, for example, aluminum: aluminum is a widely used reflective material due to its high reflectivity across the visible spectrum. Aluminum is often applied as a thin metal coating on glasses or other substrates to create a reflective surface. The reflective material may also be silver: silver has excellent reflectivity, especially in the visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Silver is often used in high-quality reflective coatings for optical applications. The reflective material may also be gold. The high reflectivity of gold is known, especially in the infrared range. Gold is used in special reflective coatings for applications such as infrared optical parts, thermal imaging, and spectroscopy. The reflective material may also be enhanced aluminum: an enhanced aluminum coating consists of multiple layers of dielectric materials and aluminum. This coating design improves reflectivity over a wider wavelength range compared to a simple aluminum coating. The reflective material may also be a dielectric reflector: a dielectric reflector is a multilayer coating consisting of alternating high and low refractive index materials. It is designed to reflect specific wavelengths while transmitting other wavelengths, allowing precise control of the reflected light spectrum. The reflective material may also be enhanced silver. An enhanced silver coating is a multi-layer coating that improves the silver reflectivity by protecting the coating from oxidation and enhancing its durability. An enhanced silver coating provides high reflectivity over a wide spectrum. The reflective material may also be enhanced gold, which uses a dielectric layer to enhance the reflectivity of gold and extend its spectral performance. These coatings are used in special applications where high reflectivity in the infrared range is required. The reflective material may also be aluminum-magnesium fluoride (Al / MgF2): Al / MgF2 coatings combine aluminum with a layer of magnesium fluoride (MgF2). This combination enhances the durability and reflectivity of the aluminum coating while also reducing its sensitivity to oxidation. The reflective material may also be protected silver: The protected silver coating has a dielectric layer on top of the silver layer that provides increased durability and protection against tarnish. The protected silver coating provides high reflectivity over a wide wavelength range, making it suitable for use in a variety of applications. The reflective material may also be rhodium: Rhodium is occasionally used as a reflective material, especially in special optical parts that require high reflectivity and durability. Rhodium has good reflectivity in the visible and infrared regions.

[0038] The reflective optical system 108 redirects light from the emissive layer (facing the optical member 108) to the user's eye 120. Here, the reflective optical system 108 can also shield light from escaping from the user's eye to the other side of the lens 102 opposite the user's eye 120.

[0039] In one embodiment associated with FIG. 1 (A, B, C), the subarray is fabricated and then laminated to the eyeglass lens 102. There may be another layer or lens on top of the subarray 104. Integration between the subarray and the eyeglass lens can also be achieved through microfabrication techniques: Microfabrication techniques (such as lithography, etching, and deposition) can be used to fabricate the subarray directly on the surface of the eyeglass lens. This involves patterning and etching thin film materials (such as metals or semiconductors) into the lens to produce the desired subarray structure. Integration between the subarray and the eyeglass lens can also be achieved through thin film deposition and bonding. The subarray can be fabricated separately on a substrate using thin film deposition techniques (such as sputtering or evaporation). Once the subarray is complete, the subarray can be bonded to the surface of the eyeglass lens using adhesives, optical bonding techniques, or even direct melt bonding (if compatible materials are used). Integration between the subarray and the eyeglass lens can also be achieved through masking and doping techniques. By using masking techniques (such as lithography), specific areas of the eyeglass lens can be masked and subjected to a doping procedure. Doping introduces different optical properties (such as refractive index changes or light absorption characteristics) to establish subarrays within the lens. Integration between sub-arrays and eyeglass lenses can also be achieved by laser ablation or micromachining: Laser ablation or micromachining techniques can be used to selectively remove or modify areas of eyeglass lenses to create sub-arrays. High-precision laser systems can be used to etch patterns on the lens or directly create surface structures to achieve the desired sub-array configuration. Integration between sub-arrays and eyeglass lenses can also be achieved by hybrid integration. In some cases, the sub-arrays can be manufactured separately using alternate materials and technologies (such as semiconductors or polymers) and then integrated with the eyeglass lens. This involves bonding the pre-fabricated sub-array components to the lens using adhesives, optical bonding techniques, or mechanical clamps.

[0040] In embodiments related to FIG. 1 (A, B, C), the emitting layer 106 may be a microLED or OLED, or other type of emitting device. It may have one or more than one pixel or sub-pixel. The optical system 108 may be configured by the application of a voltage. In a related case, the optical system may be a metasurface or a liquid crystal-based optic. Metasurfaces and liquid crystal-based optics offer exciting possibilities for optical systems due to their unique properties and capabilities. Here are some additional examples of how these technologies may be used. Metasurfaces may be used for wavefront manipulation: Metasurfaces may be designed to manipulate the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light waves, enabling precise control of propagation direction and focusing properties. This may be used for beam steering, aberration correction, and shaping of complex wavefronts. Metasurfaces may be used for wavefront polarization control: Metasurfaces may selectively control the polarization state of light, allowing polarization-sensitive applications such as polarimeter, polarization imaging, and polarization beam splitters. Metasurfaces can be used for holography: Metasurfaces can be used to build flat, ultra-thin holographic elements for applications such as 3D displays, holographic imaging, and data storage. Metasurfaces can be used as filters. Metasurfaces can act as ultrasonic, customizable filters that selectively transmit or reflect light based on the design parameters of the metasurface. This can be used for spectral filtering, color enhancement, or wavelength-specific light manipulation. Liquid crystal-based optics can be electrically tunable lenses. Liquid crystal lenses can be electronically controlled to change their focal length, allowing dynamic focus adjustment without mechanical movement. These lenses can find applications in autofocus systems, adjustable optical devices, and adaptive optics. Liquid crystal-based optics can be spatial light modulators (SLMs). Liquid crystal-based SLMs can modulate the phase or amplitude of light with high spatial resolution. They are used in applications such as holography, beam shaping, optical trapping, and optical information processing. Liquid crystal-based optics can be switchable optical components. Liquid crystals can be used to create switchable optical components such as polarization switches, optical shutters, variable attenuators, and tunable filters. These components provide fast response times and can be electrically or optically controlled. Liquid crystal-based optics can be optical modulators. Liquid crystal-based modulators can modulate the intensity, polarization, or phase of light for applications such as optical communications, displays, and optical signal processing. Liquid crystal-based optics can be beam-manipulated. Liquid crystal-based devices can be used for beam manipulation and optical shifting by controlling the refractive index profile within the liquid crystal medium. This enables applications such as optical scanners, laser beam manipulation, and optical switching.

[0041] The shielding layer 110 can be first developed on the lens, and the emission layer can be transferred on top of the shielding 110. In one case, after the emission layer 106 is transferred, the optical system is integrated. In order to transfer the emission layer on top of the shielding layer that has been developed on the lens, one possible method is through a technique called layer transfer or layer transfer lithography. For example, the shielding layer is developed first. First, the shielding layer 110 is developed on the lens substrate using appropriate photolithography techniques. This involves depositing suitable materials and patterning them to establish the desired shielding layer structure. Next, the emission layer is prepared. The emission layer 106, which is generally composed of organic compounds in the case of OLEDs, is prepared separately on different substrates using deposition techniques (such as thermal evaporation or organic vapor deposition). The emission layer is designed to emit light when an electric current is applied. Next, a transfer of the emission layer is developed. After the emission layer has been prepared, the emission layer needs to be transferred to the shielding layer on the lens substrate. Layer transfer lithography can be used to achieve this. A common method is called peel-off transfer. In this method, a temporary substrate, often made of a sacrificial material, serves as a carrier for the emitting layer. The emitting layer is deposited onto the temporary substrate and then carefully peeled off so that it is transferred to the shielding layer on the lens. The emitting layer adheres to the shielding layer to form a continuous layer. Another method is called stamp transfer lithography. Here, a stamp or mold with the desired pattern of the emitting layer is prepared. The stamp is contacted with the emitting layer on the temporary substrate and then transferred to the shielding layer on the lens. The stamp is carefully removed, leaving the emitting layer patterned according to the shielding layer structure. Finally, integration and further processing are carried out. Once the emitting layer has been transferred to the shielding layer, the integrated optical system may undergo additional processing steps. This may involve packaging to protect the emitting layer and other components, electrical connections to provide power to the emitting layer, and any necessary testing and quality control procedures.

[0042] In another related case, the optical element 108 is first transferred to the emissive layer, and then the emissive layer and the optical system are transferred to the lens together. In one case, in order to form a reflective optical component, a layer is formed. This layer can be on top of the lens 102 or on a carrier substrate. The layer is deformed or etched to produce the desired shape of the optical element. Etching is completed, such as wet etching: wet etching involves immersing the layer or substrate in a chemical solution that selectively reacts with and removes the material. Different etchants are used for specific materials. For example, buffered oxide etchants (BOE) are used for silicon dioxide (SiO2). Another example is hydrofluoric acid (HF) used for certain glasses and silicon-based materials. Another example is Piranha solution (sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide) for organic polymers. Another example is using dry etching. Dry etching is, for example, reactive ion etching (RIE). RIE uses a plasma generated by a mixture of reactive gases to etch materials. The plasma reacts chemically with the surface, and the ions strike the material, thereby removing the material. RIE is commonly used for semiconductor materials, metals, and dielectrics. Dry etching can also be plasma etching. Plasma etching involves the use of high-energy plasma to etch materials. Different plasma chemistries can be used depending on the material. Examples include oxygen plasma for organic materials and fluorine-based plasma for silicon-based materials. Dry etching can also be ion beam etching (IBE). IBE involves striking the material with ions accelerated in a vacuum chamber. The ions sputter off the material, thereby producing the desired shape. IBE provides high precision and is suitable for materials such as metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics.

[0043] One or more reflective layers are deposited and patterned. The shapes may be filled with sacrificial or transparent materials. An emitting layer is then bonded to the layer on top of the sacrificial layer. The sacrificial layer may be removed. The emitting layer faces the one or more reflective layers. If the structure is developed on a carrier substrate, then the structure is then transferred to the eyeglass lens 102.

[0044] In another related embodiment, the emissive layer is transferred to a carrier substrate and a transparent film or sacrificial layer is formed on top of the emissive layer. The sacrificial layer is then patterned to form the shape of the reflective optical component. Thereafter, a reflective layer is formed on top of the sacrificial layer. The surface can be flattened with a polymer or other coating. The coating can be transparent. The entire structure is laminated to the eyeglass lens. The carrier substrate can be removed. The sacrificial layer can be removed. There can be electrical traces connecting the emissive layer to the edge of the lens to connect to the drive system, where video and power signals are transmitted to the emissive layer through the traces.

[0045] Figure 2A An embodiment is shown in which a color conversion array 204 is integrated into a spectacle lens 202. A display 208 projecting higher energy light integrated into a frame 206 or a temple 212 is projected 210 into the lens 202. When it comes to displays projecting higher energy light integrated into a spectacle frame or temple, there are several possible examples. For example, the display may be an augmented reality (AR) display: an AR display integrated into a spectacle frame or temple may project higher energy light to superimpose digital information on the wearer's field of view. These displays typically utilize technologies such as waveguide optics or microdisplays to project virtual images or information onto the lenses of the glasses. For example, the display may be a Heads-Up Display (HUD). A HUD integrated into a spectacle frame or temple projects higher energy light to display information directly in the wearer's line of sight. This technology is commonly used in automotive applications, where necessary information (such as vehicle speed, navigation, or warnings) is projected onto a windshield or a small transparent screen inside the glasses. For example, the display may be a laser projection display. Laser projection displays integrated into eyeglass frames or eyeglass feet use laser light sources to project high-energy light onto surfaces to produce displays. This technology allows small and portable displays with high brightness and color fidelity. Laser projection displays can be used for briefings, entertainment, or visualization purposes. For example, the display may be a virtual reality (VR) display. VR displays integrated into eyeglass frames or eyeglass feet project higher energy light to create an immersive virtual environment. These displays typically use high-resolution screens or microdisplays combined with optical elements to provide a wide field of view and accurate tracking. VR displays can be used for games, training, simulations, or other immersive experiences. For example, the display may be a head-up health monitoring display. In the context of smart glasses, a head-up health monitoring display integrated into an eyeglass frame or eyeglass foot can project higher energy light to provide real-time health-related information to the wearer. This may include vital signs, fitness data, medication reminders, or other personalized health indicators. It is worth noting that the term "higher energy light" can cover various technologies, such as laser-based displays, high-intensity LED displays, or advanced projection systems. The specific implementation and technology choices depend on the desired functionality and requirements of the display integrated into the eyeglass frame or temple.

[0046] The display 208 may include a light generating module and optics. The eyeglass lens 202 may be formed as an optical system to reflect light to the viewer's eyes. In another related case, the optics may be on top of or below the color conversion array 204 to deliver light to the viewer. The color conversion layer may have different sub-pixels that produce different light. A color conversion array is used to convert the color of light emitted by a light source into a desired output color. The color conversion array is, for example, quantum dot color conversion. Quantum dots (QD) are nanocrystals that can emit different colors depending on their size. A color conversion array using quantum dots can be incorporated into an optical system to convert light emitted by a primary light source (e.g., a blue LED) into a wide range of colors. This technology is commonly used in display, lighting, and backlighting applications. The color conversion array may be, for example, a phosphor-based color conversion. A phosphor is a material that absorbs light of one wavelength and emits light of a different, longer wavelength. In a color conversion array, a phosphor layer may be applied above or below the optical component to convert light emitted by the light source into a desired color. Phosphor-based color conversion arrays are used in applications such as LED lighting, solid-state lighting, and fluorescence. Dye-based color conversion may be dyes used in color conversion arrays to absorb light of one color and emit light of a different color. By incorporating dye layers with different absorption and emission properties, color conversion arrays can achieve a wide range of colors. Dye-based color conversion arrays can find applications in display technology, lighting, and color mixing systems. Color conversion arrays may be, for example, color filter arrays (CFA). Color filter arrays are used in image sensors, cameras, and displays to selectively filter incident light into different colors. CFAs consist of an array of microscale color filters (generally red, green, and blue (RGB)) that only allow specific colors to reach the sensor or display pixels. CFAs are widely used in digital cameras, smartphones, and displays to retrieve or reproduce color images. Color conversion arrays may be, for example, quantum rod color conversion. Quantum rods are elongated nanocrystals that exhibit tunable color emission properties. By incorporating a quantum rod layer in a color conversion array, light emitted by a light source can be efficiently converted to a desired color. Quantum rod color conversion arrays have potential applications in lighting, displays, and optoelectronic devices. These examples show different technologies for color conversion arrays, each with its own advantages and applications. The specific choice of color conversion array depends on factors such as the desired color gamut, efficiency, stability, and cost considerations for a given optical system.

[0047] Shielding below the color conversion layer may prevent light from traveling in the direction opposite to the viewer's eyes. There may be a protective layer or passivation layer protecting the color conversion 204 array. In a related case, a subset of pixels in the display 208 is turned on, and the image established by the color conversion is retrieved and mapped to the pixels of the display 208. The process may continue until most of the pixels in the display 208 or most of the pixels in the color conversion layer are mapped. In a related case, the display has a higher resolution than the color conversion array. Here, the additional remaining pixels in the display 208 may remain off. In another related embodiment, the color conversion array has more pixels than the display to facilitate mapping. In another related embodiment, the display, the position of the display, the orientation of the display, or the optics in the display 208 may be adjusted to adjust the display array mapped to the color conversion array 204. In another related embodiment, at least a portion of the area between the color conversion pixels is covered with a material that absorbs higher energy light or redirects light from the viewer's eyes (or face). Some other examples for sub-pixels are PenTile matrix sub-pixel configurations. The PenTile matrix configuration is a subpixel layout used in some displays, where each pixel is composed of a combination of different colored subpixels. This configuration generally includes two subpixels, one subpixel with green, and the other subpixel with shared red and blue. This configuration can enhance resolution and reduce power consumption. Other examples of subpixels are RGBW subpixel configurations. RGBW is a subpixel configuration that includes red, green, blue, and white subpixels. The additional white subpixel can improve brightness and power efficiency by providing an additional light source. This configuration is commonly used in some LCD displays, especially in applications where high brightness is desired, such as outdoor billboards. Other examples for subpixels are Quattron subpixel configurations. Quatinon is a subpixel configuration introduced by Sharp that adds a yellow subpixel to the traditional red, green, and blue configuration. The yellow subpixel is intended to enhance image brightness and color accuracy by being able to more accurately control color reproduction. Other examples for subpixels are Micro-LED arrays: Micro-LED arrays consist of microscopic LED arrays that emit red, green, and blue light. Each LED acts as a subpixel, enabling precise control of color reproduction and brightness. Micro-LED arrays offer high brightness, wide color gamut, and can be used in applications such as high-resolution displays and virtual reality headsets. Other examples for sub-pixels are patterned color conversion layers: patterned color conversion layers can be used to create sub-pixels with different color conversion properties. By applying patterned layers with different color conversion materials, specific areas of the color conversion layer can selectively convert light into different colors. This enables the creation of sub-pixels with different color properties within the color conversion array.

[0048] Figure 2B An example of an eyeglass lens 202 as an optical system is shown. Here, a display 208 projects higher energy light into an array of color conversion arrays 204 (R, G, B) in the lens 202. The color conversion layer 204 (R, G, B) produces new colors and directs the light to the viewer's eye 220. There may be a reflector in the lens 220 that reflects the converted light to the viewer's eye 220. The reflector may also reflect light produced by the display to the color conversion layer 204 (R, G, B). There may also be light collimator optics or other optics on the color conversion layer 204 (R, G, B) to collimate or redirect the light into the viewer's eye. The color conversion may have one or more than one sub-pixel. The lens is transparent or translucent so that light from the environment will encounter the viewer's eye. The area between the color conversion pixels may be covered by a layer that absorbs or redirects high energy light from the display.

[0049] Figure 3AAn embodiment is shown in which a color conversion array is integrated on the top surface of a waveguide structure 302. Here, a display 308 generates high energy photons, and the light is coupled to the waveguide 302. The light exits from the top surface 316 of the waveguide 302 where the color conversion array 304 (R, G, B) is developed. The color conversion pixels 304 (R, G, B) are developed at the location on the top surface 316 where the light exits, and form pixels. In another example, the embodiment may be a near-eye display (Near-Eye Display). A near-eye display, such as an augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) headset, may utilize a waveguide structure integrated with a color conversion array on the top surface. The waveguide directs the high energy photons from the display to the color conversion array, which then converts the light into different colors for the user to view. This enables visualization of virtual objects, information, or immersive content in the user's field of view. In another example, the embodiment may be smart glasses or a wearable display. Smart glasses or wearable displays may feature a waveguide structure with an integrated color conversion array on the top surface. High energy photons generated by the display are guided through the waveguide, and the color conversion array on the top surface converts the light into different colors. This allows visual information, notifications, or augmented reality content to be presented to the wearer. In another example, an implementation may be directed to an optical see-through display. An optical see-through display used in applications such as augmented reality (AR) glasses or helmet visors may integrate a waveguide structure with a color conversion array on the top surface. The waveguide guides high energy photons to the color conversion array, which then converts the light into different colors for superimposing digital information or virtual objects on the wearer's view of the real world. In another example, an implementation may be directed to a head-mounted display (HMD). A head-mounted display including a virtual reality (VR) or mixed reality (MR) device may employ a waveguide structure with an integrated color conversion array on the top surface. High energy photons from the display are directed to the waveguide, and a color conversion array converts the light into different colors for an immersive visual experience.

[0050] Figure 3BA cross section of a waveguide 302 with a color conversion array layer 304 is shown. A display 308 may be on the top surface of the other surface of the waveguide 302. An input coupling surface 314 is formed on the opposite side of the display 308. Light 350 undergoes internal reflection and hits an output coupling layer 310. The light exits from the opposite side or the same side as the output coupling layer. The color conversion array 304 is developed on the surface where the light exits the waveguide structure. An example of a waveguide 302 may be a flat waveguide. A flat waveguide consists of a thin flat waveguide core layer that guides light by total internal reflection. It is typically made of a high refractive index material such as glass or polymer. Flat waveguides are commonly used in integrated optics, optical interconnects, and display technologies. Another example of a waveguide 302 may be a channel waveguide. A channel waveguide confines light within a narrow channel or ridge structure. It is typically created by etching or depositing a high refractive index material onto a substrate. Channel waveguides provide strong light confinement and are used in applications such as integrated photonic circuits, optical sensors, and telecommunications. Another example of waveguide 302 may be a strip waveguide. Strip waveguides are similar to channel waveguides, but have a wider guiding area. They consist of a strip core surrounded by a lower refractive index laminate layer. Strip waveguides are suitable for multi-mode light propagation and are commonly used in optical communication systems and lightwave circuits. Another example of waveguide 302 may be a ridge waveguide. Ridge waveguides are similar to strip waveguides, but are characterized by raised ridges on the core layer. These ridges provide additional lateral confinement of light, achieving higher guiding efficiency and better control of mode propagation. Ridge waveguides are commonly used in photonic integrated circuits and optical sensors. Another example of waveguide 302 may be a photonic crystal waveguide. Photonic crystal waveguides use periodic refractive index changes to confine light within a specific energy gap. It is an engineered structure with patterned areas that establish photonic energy gaps, preventing light from propagating in certain directions. Photonic crystal waveguides are used in photonic crystal devices, photonic crystals, and optical integrated circuits.

[0051] Another example of waveguide 302 may be a polymer waveguide. Polymer waveguides utilize organic polymers with tailored refractive index properties to guide light. They are flexible, low cost, and compatible with manufacturing processes such as photolithography. Polymer waveguides are commonly used in integrated optics, data communications, and optical interconnects.

[0052] Figure 3C An exemplary implementation of a color conversion array 304 and an output coupling layer 310 is shown. Here, the output coupling layer has a pixelated structure 316 that reflects light 352 outward. The color conversion structures 304 that are part of the array are formed on opposite sides of the reflector structure. There may be a layer(s) 318 between the color conversion structures 304 that absorb the undesired high energy photons. The reflective layer may be on the surface of the waveguide or within the waveguide structure. The waveguide 302 may be a spectacle lens, or it may be laminated to a spectacle lens.

[0053] FIG. 4 (A, B, C) shows different methods of integrating a color conversion layer into an eyeglass lens. These methods can be used with any of the structures described herein. In one related embodiment, a color conversion, shielding or other layer is developed on or in an eyeglass lens. In another related embodiment, a color conversion array is formed on or in a layer formed on top of an eyeglass lens. The process explained in FIG. 4 (A, B, C) can be used for methods formed on / in an eyeglass lens or formed in a different layer.

[0054] Figure 4AA structure is shown in which there is a shielding layer 460 that prevents light from one side from affecting the color conversion pixel 404. There may be a transparent film 440B covering the shielding pixel 460. The transparent film 440B may block some high energy photons. The color conversion pixel 404 is formed on top of the transparent film 440. An example of a transparent film is polyethylene terephthalate (PET. PET is a commonly used transparent film material known for its excellent optical clarity and high mechanical strength. PET has good moisture resistance and chemical resistance, making it suitable for various applications, including protective films and displays. Another example of a transparent film is polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), which is a transparent film material with similar properties to PET but with higher temperature resistance. It provides excellent dimensional stability and can withstand higher operating temperatures, making it suitable for applications with high thermal requirements. Another example of a transparent film is polycarbonate (PC). PC is a transparent film material known for its high impact resistance, optical clarity and heat resistance. It is widely used in applications requiring transparency and durability, such as protective films, displays and optical components. Another example of a transparent film is polyimide (PI). PI is a transparent film material that provides excellent thermal stability, chemical resistance and mechanical strength. It can withstand high temperatures, making it suitable for use in harsh environments, including flexible displays and integrated circuits. Another example of a transparent film is cellulose acetate (Cellulose Acetate, CA). CA is a transparent film material derived from cellulose. It provides good optical clarity, moisture resistance and biodegradability. CA films are used in various applications, including protective films, encapsulation and filters. Another example of a transparent film is polysulfone (PSU). PSU is a transparent film material with good chemical resistance and high temperature stability. The excellent dimensional stability and creep resistance of PSU are known, making it suitable for applications requiring precise optical properties. Another example of a transparent film is polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). PETG is a transparent film material that combines the properties of PET and glycol-modified PET. It provides good impact resistance, clarity and chemical resistance. PETG films are used in applications such as protective films, encapsulation and displays.

[0055] In another related case, color conversion pixel 404 is formed directly on top of shielding pixel 460. There may be another transparent film layer 440A covering at least part of the side of the color conversion pixel. Transparent layer 440A may block some high energy photons. The first transparent layer 440B and the second transparent layer 440A may be the same. Transparent film 440B may be etched or patterned to create an opening for color conversion pixel 404. There may be a lens 430 on top of color conversion pixel 404. The lens may direct high energy light 450 from the display into color conversion layer 404. The high energy light is converted to the desired color for the pixel. The desired light 452 is redirected by the shielding layer and the lens to the viewer's eye. There may be an array of shielding pixels and an array of color conversion pixels. There may be more than one type of color conversion pixel in the array, thereby producing more than one desired color. The overall structure may be formed on a carrier substrate and then laminated on eyeglass lens 402, or it may be developed directly on the eyeglass lens. Transparent layers 440A and 440B may be part of eyeglass lens 402. The shielding pixel layer may have a sidewall 460 covering the side of the color conversion pixel. Shielding pixel 460 and sidewall 460-2 may be one structure. In a related embodiment, shield 460 and sidewall 460-2 may form a concave mirror. The color conversion layer may also have a color filter structure to block some undesired light from high energy photons or the surrounding environment. The lens 430 on top of the color conversion pixel 404 may be larger than the color conversion 404 pixel. Sidewall structure 460 may be, for example, a tapered sidewall. The sidewall structure may have a tapered shape, gradually sloping down from the top surface of the shielding pixel layer to the color conversion pixel. This design may help enhance light guidance and prevent undesired reflections or scattering within the structure. Another example of sidewall structure 460 may be a curved sidewall. The sidewall structure may be curved while following a specific curvature or radius. This curvature can be designed to optimize light propagation and redirection, ensure efficient light extraction from the color conversion pixel, and reduce losses due to internal reflections. Another example of sidewall structure 460 may be a faceted sidewall. The sidewall structure may have a faceted shape with multiple flat or angled surfaces. Each facet may act as a mini reflector, redirecting light in a desired direction and preventing light leakage or crosstalk between adjacent pixels. Another example of sidewall structure 460 may be a micro-lens array. The sidewall structure may be composed of a micro-lens array, where each sidewall surface is characterized by a small lens-like structure. This array may help focus or collimate the light within the structure, improve light extraction efficiency, and direct the light to a desired viewing angle. Another example of sidewall structure 460 may be a reflective coating. The sidewall structure may be coated with a reflective material, such as a metal or dielectric coating. This coating acts as a mirror, reflecting light within the structure back toward the color conversion pixel, enhancing light extraction and minimizing losses due to absorption or scattering. Another example of sidewall structure 460 may be a concave mirror. As mentioned in the information provided, the shielding pixel layer and the sidewall structure may form a concave mirror shape.This structure can focus or concentrate light toward the color conversion pixels, improving light collection efficiency and enhancing overall optical performance.

[0056] Figure 4B For Figure 4A Similar structure. However, light 450 from the display passes through the shielding layer or color converting pixels from the color converting surface or the area around the color converting pixels 404. There may also be a lens on top of the color converting pixels 404. To produce different colors, different color converting pixels (including patterned color converting layers, shielding layers, and optics) are formed side by side or in different layers.

[0057] Figure 4C A structure is shown in which different color conversion pixels and shielding pixels 404 (R, G, B) each produce different colors. In a related embodiment, each color conversion layer is formed on a different layer 440R, 440G, 440B. These layers can be similar to Figure 4A and Figure 4B , and can be similar to Figure 4A and Figure 4B Pixels 404R, 404G, 404B are formed. 440R is a red conversion layer. Layer 440R refers to the red conversion layer in the structure. It is responsible for converting incident light into red. This layer may contain materials or structures that selectively absorb or emit red wavelengths, allowing the desired color conversion. 440G is a green conversion layer. Layer 440G represents a green conversion layer. It is designed to convert incident light into green. This layer may incorporate materials or structures that selectively absorb or emit green wavelengths to achieve the desired color conversion. 440B is a blue conversion layer. Layer 440B represents a blue conversion layer. Its purpose is to convert incident light into blue. This layer may contain materials or structures that selectively absorb or emit blue wavelengths to achieve the desired color conversion. These layers 440R, 440G and 440B are part of the color conversion structure in the optical system. Each layer is responsible for converting a specific wavelength range into the corresponding color (red, green or blue) required for the desired color output. The exact composition and design of these layers depends on the specific materials, technologies, and manufacturing methods employed in the color conversion process.

[0058] Figure 5 A system architecture is shown using a display 508 and a color conversion pixel array 504 (R, G, B) on an eyeglass lens 502. The display 508 can be moved to an area 532 on the lens where the eye 520 is focused 522. Scanning occurs through a mirror 530. Figure 5In the described structure, the scanning is achieved using a mirror 530 with the display 508 and the color conversion pixel array 504 (R, G, B) integrated into the eyeglass lens 502. One example of a scanning method is to use mechanical scanning. Mechanical scanning involves physically moving the display 508 or the mirror 530 to redirect the light path. This can be achieved using a mechanism such as a motor, an actuator, or a mechanical linkage. The movement can be controlled to allow the display to scan across different areas of the lens 502 to align with the focal area 522 of the eye 520. Another example of scanning is galvanometric scanning. Galvanometric scanning utilizes a galvanometer mirror that can be quickly rotated or tilted to redirect the light beam. By controlling the movement of the galvanometer mirror, the display 508 can be scanned across different areas of the lens 502. Galvanometric scanning provides high-speed scanning capabilities and precise control of the light path. Another example of scanning is MEMS mirror scanning. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirrors consist of tiny mirrors that can be electrostatically or electromagnetically actuated to change their position. These mirrors can be integrated into the system, allowing controlled scanning of the display 508 across different areas of the lens 502. MEMS mirror scanning provides compact size and fast response time. Another example of scanning is acousto-optic scanning. Acousto-optic scanning involves using sound waves to diffract light and manipulate the light beam. By modulating the sound waves, the direction of the diffracted light can be controlled, enabling scanning of the display across the lens 502. Acousto-optic scanning provides fast scanning speeds and precise control. Another example of scanning is fiber bundle scanning. Fiber bundle scanning utilizes an array of optical fibers configured in a bundle. By selectively illuminating different optical fibers, light can be redirected to specific areas of the lens 502. This scanning method allows flexible and localized scanning of the display. These examples represent different scanning techniques that can be used to move the display across different areas of the eyeglass lens 502 to align with the focal area 522 of the eye 520. The particular scanning method used will depend on factors such as scanning speed requirements, system complexity, and the desired size and resolution of the display.

[0059] Although the present disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments or implementations have been shown by way of example in the accompanying drawings and will be described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific forms disclosed. Specifically, the present disclosure will cover all modifications, equivalents and substitutes that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device for integrating a display subarray into a spectacle lens, the device comprising: display subarray and optical system; Eyeglasses having at least one lens; said display subarray comprising an emission array; an optical system disposed on top of the emitting array to deliver light to a viewer's eyes; and A shielding layer is located between the emitting array and the eyeglass lens.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the optical system is made of lenses or a combination of different optical components.

3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the display subarray comprises an emitting array and a reflective optical component, wherein the reflective optical component redirects light from the emitting array to the viewer's eye and shields the light from exiting from the viewer's eye to an opposite side of the viewer's eye.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the display subarray is fabricated and then laminated to the eyeglass lens.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein there is another layer or mirror on top of the display sub-array.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the emitting array is a micro-LED or OLED type device and has one or more than one pixel or sub-pixel, wherein further the optical system is configurable by voltage application.

7. The device of claim 6, wherein the optical system is a metasurface or liquid crystal based optics, and wherein first the shielding layer is developed on the eyeglass lens and the emitting array is transferred on top of the shielding layer.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the optical system is integrated after the emission array is transferred.

9. The device according to claim 7, wherein first the optical system is transferred to the emission array, and then the emission array and the optical system are transferred together to the eyeglass lens.

10. The device of claim 3, wherein one or more reflective layers are formed on top of the lens or carrier substrate, wherein further said layers are deformed or etched to produce a desired shape for the optical system.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the reflective layer is deposited and patterned, and the shapes are filled with a sacrificial or transparent material, wherein further the emitting layer is then bonded to a layer on top of the sacrificial layer.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the transmit array faces the one or more reflective layers.

13. An augmented reality system, comprising: Eyeglass lenses; a color conversion pixel array, the color conversion pixel array being developed on the eyeglass lens; a shielding layer array that prevents ambient light from reaching the color conversion pixels; an array of optics that directs light generated by the color conversion pixels to the eyes of a viewer; and A display generates a high energy light source, and optics to direct the light to the color conversion pixel array.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the array of optics includes a mirror on top of one or two color conversion pixels.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the array of optics redirects the light from the display into the color converted pixels and redirects the light of the color converted pixels into the eyes of the viewer.

16. The system of claim 13, wherein the shield array is reflective and reflects the light of a display back to the color conversion layer.

17. The system of claim 13, wherein the shielding array is opaque.

18. The system of claim 13, wherein the space between the color conversion layers is transparent.

19. The system of claim 14, wherein the spaces between the color conversion layers are covered with a material that absorbs the high energy light.

20. A method of integrating a display subarray into an eyeglass lens, the method comprising: Having a display subarray and an optical system; Eyeglasses having at least one lens; having said display subarray including an emission array; having an optical system disposed on top of the emitting array that delivers light to a viewer's eyes; as well as A shielding layer is provided, and the shielding layer is located between the emitting array and the eyeglass lens.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the optical system is made of lenses or a combination of different optical components.

22. The method of claim 20, wherein the display subarray comprises an emitting array and a reflective optical component, wherein the reflective optical component redirects light from the emitting array to the viewer's eye and shields the light from exiting from the viewer's eye to an opposite side of the viewer's eye.

23. The method of claim 20, wherein the display subarray is fabricated and then laminated to the eyeglass lens.

24. The method of claim 20, wherein there is another layer or mirror on top of the display subarray.

25. The method of claim 20, wherein the emitting array is a micro-LED or OLED type device and has one or more than one pixel or sub-pixel, wherein further the optical system is configurable by application of voltage.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the optical system is a metasurface or liquid crystal based optics, and wherein first the shielding layer is developed on the eyeglass lens and the emitting array is transferred on top of the shielding layer.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the optical system is integrated after the emission array is transferred.

28. The method of claim 26, wherein first the optical system is transferred to the emission array, and then the emission array and the optical system are transferred together to the eyeglass lens.

29. The method of claim 22, wherein one or more reflective layers are formed on top of the lens or carrier substrate, wherein further said layers are deformed or etched to produce a desired shape for the optical system.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the reflective layer is deposited and patterned, and the shapes are filled with a sacrificial or transparent material, wherein further subsequently the emitting layer is bonded to a layer on top of the sacrificial layer.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the sacrificial layer is removed and the transmit array faces the one or more reflective layers.

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