Mechanical planting method for millet

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural product production, and discloses a mechanical millet planting method which comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing soil before mechanical millet seed planting to provide a good environment for millet seed planting; step 2, selecting proper millet seeds, and performing pretreatment on the millet seeds; step 3, uniformly sowing the pretreated millet seeds into the prepared soil by adopting mechanical equipment; step 4, uniformly spraying the blended fertilizer and pesticide on the millet seeds while mechanically planting the millet seeds to provide enough nutrients and protect the seeds from being damaged by diseases and insect pests. By adding active zinc containing antibody enzyme Lytic and PSA, the effect of resisting plant diseases and insect pests during growth of grain seeds is improved, meanwhile, soil composting work in the early stage can be rapidly done, the cost of applying base fertilizer to compost soil in the early stage is reduced, and mechanical sowing can be rapidly started.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural product production, in particular to a mechanized millet planting method. Background Art

[0002] Millet is a plant of the Poaceae family, commonly known as millet, an annual herb; the stalk is thick, with few tillers, and narrow lanceolate leaves with obvious midrib and veinlets, and fine hairs. It is widely planted in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River in my country and is one of the main food crops. Traditional millet planting is mostly done manually on a large scale, which requires a lot of labor. With the development of science and technology, traditional millet planting methods have gradually become mechanized and automated, with higher planting and harvesting efficiency.

[0003] At present, most millet planting methods are to ripen millet seeds in advance, and then sow the ripened millet seeds into the fields through mechanized equipment. In the process, millet seeds lack the ability to effectively resist pests and diseases, resulting in unsatisfactory growth of millet seeds. For this reason, a mechanized millet planting method is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a mechanized millet planting method, which solves the problem that in the early stage of mechanized millet planting, millet seeds lack the ability to effectively resist pests and diseases, resulting in an unsatisfactory growth state of millet seeds.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a mechanized millet planting method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Before mechanized planting of millet seeds, the soil needs to be prepared to provide a good environment for millet seed planting;

[0007] Step 2: Select suitable millet seeds and pre-treat the millet seeds;

[0008] Step 3: Sow the pre-treated millet seeds evenly into the prepared soil using mechanized equipment;

[0009] Step 4: While mechanized millet seeds are being planted, evenly spray the prepared fertilizer and pesticide on the millet seeds to provide sufficient nutrients and protect the seeds from pests and diseases;

[0010] Step 5: After the millet seeds are mechanized for planting, an irrigation system is used to irrigate the sown millet seeds to ensure that the sown millet seeds receive an appropriate amount of water supply;

[0011] Step 6: Wait and judge the maturity of millet, and use mechanized harvesting equipment to harvest the mature millet;

[0012] Step 7: While harvesting the mature millet, use matching mechanized equipment to break up and return the straw and ears of millet produced during the harvesting process;

[0013] Step 8: After the harvest season, regularly check the maturity of the straw and ears of millet returned to the field to make advance preparations for the subsequent planting of seasonal millet.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation of soil in step 1 is divided into:

[0015] Soil testing: Soil testing can provide information about soil pH, organic matter content, nutrient levels, and soil structure, which can help determine whether soil improvement and proper fertilization are needed.

[0016] Soil maturity: When there is uncomposted organic matter in the soil, compost or organic fertilizer can be applied and mixed with the soil. This can increase the soil organic matter content, improve the soil structure, and provide the nutrients needed for millet growth;

[0017] Soil leveling: A level soil surface can provide uniform sowing conditions, which helps the uniform distribution and germination of seeds. To achieve soil leveling, mechanical equipment such as tillers, graders or scrapers can be used to adjust and level the soil surface;

[0018] Soil loosening or deep loosening: The root system of millet is relatively shallow, and it requires higher softness and air permeability of the soil. Therefore, soil loosening or deep loosening can be taken to improve the soil structure. Soil loosening can remove the compacted layer on the soil surface by scraping or paving the ground to increase the soil's air permeability and drainage. Deep loosening loosens the deep soil layer to promote the growth and penetration of the root system.

[0019] Preferably, the pretreatment of the selected millet in step 2 comprises the following steps:

[0020] S1. Put the selected millet seeds into the disinfection equipment and spray an appropriate amount of clean water to keep the millet seeds moist;

[0021] S2. Adjust the turning speed of the disinfection equipment to 10-35 r / min, adjust the flow rate of the sprayed disinfectant solution to 1.5-4 g / min, adjust the amount of PSA active zinc sprayed to 3-5 mg / min, adjust the amount of antibody enzyme Lytic sprayed to 2-3.5 mg / min, control the temperature inside the disinfection equipment to maintain at 20-30 ° C, and maintain the duration of disinfection pretreatment at 12-17 min;

[0022] S3. Storing the millet seeds obtained in step S2 in a storage device for ripening, maintaining the temperature at 20-30° C. for 90-120 days.

[0023] Preferably, the mechanical equipment used in step three is a millet seeder, and the millet sowing depth is between 2.5 and 5.5 cm, the sowing spacing is between 35 and 55 cm, and the plant spacing is between 3 and 5 cm.

[0024] Preferably, the pesticides sprayed in step 4 are methyl thiophanate and imidacloprid, wherein the ratio of methyl thiophanate to water is 0.5:2500, and the ratio of imidacloprid to water is 1:1300.

[0025] Preferably, the fertilizer sprayed in step 4 is organic fertilizer, and is mixed with potassium fertilizer, wherein the mixing ratio of organic fertilizer to potassium fertilizer is 10:1.5, which provides millet seeds with sufficient nutrients for growth and accumulates sufficient potassium for subsequent millet heading.

[0026] Preferably, the irrigation system used in step five is any one of surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation.

[0027] Preferably, the criterion for judging the maturity of millet in step six is ​​that the outer leaves of the ears turn yellow and the color of the grains turns golden yellow. Whether the millet is mature can be judged by touching the ears and observing the changes in the color of the grains. The mechanized equipment used is a grain combine harvester.

[0028] Preferably, the mechanical equipment used in step seven is a straw crusher, and the straw crusher is installed at the straw discharge outlet of the grain combine harvester.

[0029] Preferably, the method for judging the maturity state of the straw in step eight is the earthworm judgment method, which is to fill about 1 / 3 of the mature straw in a plastic container and add water to make its moisture content reach 60% to 70%; put the earthworms in the container, shade it with a black cloth or place it in a light-proof room, and keep the room temperature at 20 to 25°C. After one day, observe the movement and color of the earthworms. The earthworms will escape after being placed in the container and die after being placed for one day, and the maturity state of the straw is judged to be in an unripe state; the earthworms are somewhat uneasy after being placed in the container, and their color changes and movements become slow after being placed for one day, and the maturity state of the straw is judged to be in a moderately mature state; the earthworms quickly drill into the compost after being placed in the container, and there is no change after being placed for one day, and their activities are vigorous, and the maturity state of the straw is judged to be fully mature.

[0030] The present invention provides a mechanized millet planting method having the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The present invention improves the effect of grain seeds being more resistant to pests and diseases in the early growth stage by adding antibody enzyme Lytic and PSA active zinc during the pretreatment of millet seeds to ripen them, so that the mechanized millet planting method can allow more millet seeds to survive, thereby increasing the harvest yield.

[0032] 2. The present invention can quickly decompose the straw returned to the field and quickly compost the soil. During the growth of the next batch of emergency millet, the early soil composting work can be quickly completed, the cost of applying base fertilizer and composting the soil in the early stage can be reduced, and mechanized sowing can be quickly started. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] The embodiment of the present invention provides a mechanized millet planting method, comprising the following steps:

[0036] Step 1: Before mechanized planting of millet seeds, the soil needs to be prepared to provide a good environment for millet seed planting;

[0037] Step 2: Select suitable millet seeds and pre-treat the millet seeds;

[0038] Step 3: Sow the pre-treated millet seeds evenly into the prepared soil using mechanized equipment;

[0039] Step 4: While mechanized millet seeds are being planted, evenly spray the prepared fertilizer and pesticide on the millet seeds to provide sufficient nutrients and protect the seeds from pests and diseases;

[0040] Step 5: After the millet seeds are mechanized for planting, an irrigation system is used to irrigate the sown millet seeds to ensure that the sown millet seeds receive an appropriate amount of water supply;

[0041] Step 6: Wait and judge the maturity of millet, and use mechanized harvesting equipment to harvest the mature millet;

[0042] Step 7: While harvesting the mature millet, use matching mechanized equipment to break up and return the straw and ears of millet produced during the harvesting process;

[0043] Step 8: After the harvest season, regularly check the maturity of the straw and ears of millet returned to the field to make advance preparations for the subsequent planting of seasonal millet.

[0044] The soil preparation in step 1 is divided into:

[0045] Soil testing: Soil testing can provide information about soil pH, organic matter content, nutrient levels, and soil structure, which can help determine whether soil improvement and proper fertilization are needed.

[0046] Soil maturity: When there is uncomposted organic matter in the soil, compost or organic fertilizer can be applied and mixed with the soil. This can increase the soil organic matter content, improve the soil structure, and provide the nutrients needed for millet growth;

[0047] Soil leveling: A level soil surface can provide uniform sowing conditions, which helps the uniform distribution and germination of seeds. To achieve soil leveling, mechanical equipment such as tillers, graders or scrapers can be used to adjust and level the soil surface;

[0048] Soil loosening or deep loosening: The root system of millet is relatively shallow, and it requires higher softness and air permeability of the soil. Therefore, soil loosening or deep loosening can be taken to improve the soil structure. Soil loosening can remove the compacted layer on the soil surface by scraping or paving the ground to increase the soil's air permeability and drainage. Deep loosening loosens the deep soil layer to promote the growth and penetration of the root system.

[0049] The pretreatment of the selected millet in step 2 includes the following steps:

[0050] S1. Put the selected millet seeds into the disinfection equipment and spray an appropriate amount of clean water to keep the millet seeds moist;

[0051] S2. Adjust the turning speed of the disinfection equipment to 18r / min, adjust the flow rate of the sprayed disinfectant solution to 2.6g / min, adjust the amount of PSA active zinc sprayed to 3.6mg / min, adjust the amount of antibody enzyme Lytic sprayed to 2.8mg / min, control the temperature inside the disinfection equipment to maintain at 26°C, and maintain the duration of disinfection pretreatment at 16min;

[0052] S3. Storing the millet seeds obtained in step S2 in a storage device for ripening, maintaining the temperature at 26° C. for 113 days.

[0053] The mechanical equipment used in step three is a millet seeder, and the millet sowing depth is between 4.5 cm, the sowing spacing is between 46 cm, and the plant spacing is between 4.5 cm.

[0054] The pesticides sprayed in step 4 are methyl thiophanate and imidacloprid, wherein the ratio of methyl thiophanate to water is 0.5:2500, and the ratio of imidacloprid to water is 1:1300.

[0055] The fertilizer sprayed in step four is organic fertilizer, which is mixed with potassium fertilizer. The mixing ratio of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer is 10:1.5, which provides millet seeds with sufficient nutrients for growth and accumulates sufficient potassium for the subsequent millet heading.

[0056] The irrigation system used in step five is any one of surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation.

[0057] The standard for judging whether millet is mature in step six is ​​that the outer leaves of the ears turn yellow and the color of the grains turns golden yellow. The maturity of millet can be judged by touching the ears and observing the changes in the color of the grains. The mechanized equipment used is a grain combine harvester.

[0058] The mechanical equipment used in step seven is a straw crusher, which is installed at the straw discharge outlet of the grain combine harvester.

[0059] The method for judging the maturity of the straw in step eight is the earthworm judgment method. Fill a plastic container with about 1 / 3 of the mature straw and add water to make its moisture content reach 60% to 70%; put the earthworms in the container, block light with a black cloth or place it in a light-proof room, and maintain the room temperature at 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. After one day, observe the movement and color of the earthworms. The earthworms will escape after being placed in the container and die after one day, and the maturity of the straw is judged to be in an unripe state; the earthworms are more or less uneasy after being placed in the container, and their color changes and movements become slow after being placed for one day, and the maturity of the straw is judged to be in a moderately mature state; the earthworms quickly drill into the compost after being placed in the container, and there is no change after being placed for one day, and their activities are vigorous, and the maturity of the straw is judged to be fully mature.

[0060] Embodiment 2:

[0061] The embodiment of the present invention provides a mechanized millet planting method, wherein the pretreatment of the selected millet in step 2 comprises the following steps:

[0062] S1. Put the selected millet seeds into the disinfection equipment and spray an appropriate amount of clean water to keep the millet seeds moist;

[0063] S2. Adjust the turning speed of the disinfection equipment to 28r / min, adjust the flow rate of the sprayed disinfectant solution to 3.2g / min, adjust the amount of PSA active zinc sprayed to 4.2mg / min, adjust the amount of antibody enzyme Lytic sprayed to 3.2mg / min, control the temperature inside the disinfection equipment to maintain at 20-30°C, and maintain the duration of disinfection pretreatment at 12-17min;

[0064] S3. The millet seeds obtained in step S2 are stored in a storage device for ripening, the temperature is maintained at 20-30° C., and the ripening time is 90-120 days. The remaining steps are consistent with the processing steps and methods of Example 1, and are characterized by the same method. The final insect pest resistance effect of seeds after sowing, the yield of mature millet, the cost of basal fertilizer before sowing, the efficiency of straw return to the field and the efficiency of basal fertilizer before sowing are shown in Table 1.

[0065] Embodiment three:

[0066] The embodiment of the present invention provides a mechanized planting method for millet, wherein steps S1 and S2 in embodiment one are removed, and the remaining steps are consistent with the processing steps and methods of embodiment one, and are characterized by the same method. The final obtained insect pest resistance effect of seeds after sowing, the yield of mature millet, the cost of applying basal fertilizer before sowing, the efficiency of returning straw to the field and composting, and the efficiency of applying basal fertilizer before sowing are shown in Table 1 below.

[0067] Embodiment 4:

[0068] The embodiment of the present invention provides a mechanized planting method for millet, wherein step eight and step seven in embodiment one are removed, and the remaining steps are consistent with the processing steps and methods of embodiment one, and are characterized by the same method. The final obtained insect pest resistance effect of seeds after sowing, the yield of mature millet, the cost of applying basal fertilizer before sowing, the efficiency of returning straw to the field and composting, and the efficiency of applying basal fertilizer before sowing are shown in Table 1 below.

[0069] Embodiment five:

[0070] The embodiment of the present invention provides a mechanized millet planting method, wherein step 2, step 7, and step 8 in embodiment 1 are removed, and the remaining steps are consistent with the processing steps and methods of embodiment 1, and are characterized by the same method. The final obtained insect pest resistance effect of seeds after sowing, the yield of mature millet, the cost of applying basal fertilizer before sowing, the efficiency of returning straw to the field and composting, and the efficiency of applying basal fertilizer before sowing are shown in Table 1 below.

[0071]

[0072] Table 1

[0073] Conclusion: It can be seen from Table 1 that the present invention improves the effect of grain seeds being able to obtain more disease and pest resistance in the early growth stage by adding antibody enzyme Lytic and PSA active zinc during the pretreatment of millet seeds to accelerate ripening, so that the mechanized millet planting method can allow more millet seeds to survive, thereby increasing the harvest yield, and at the same time, the straw returned to the field can be quickly decomposed and quickly composted for the soil. In the process of growing the next batch of emergency millet, the early soil composting work can be quickly completed, the cost of applying base fertilizer and composting the soil in the early stage can be reduced, and mechanized sowing can be quickly started.

[0074] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A mechanized millet planting method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Before mechanized planting of millet seeds, the soil needs to be prepared to provide a good environment for millet seed planting; Step 2: Select suitable millet seeds and pre-treat the millet seeds; Step 3: Sow the pre-treated millet seeds evenly into the prepared soil using mechanized equipment; Step 4: While mechanized millet seeds are being planted, evenly spray the prepared fertilizer and pesticide on the millet seeds to provide sufficient nutrients and protect the seeds from pests and diseases; Step 5: After the millet seeds are mechanized for planting, an irrigation system is used to irrigate the sown millet seeds to ensure that the sown millet seeds receive an appropriate amount of water supply; Step 6: Wait and judge the maturity of millet, and use mechanized harvesting equipment to harvest the mature millet; Step 7: While harvesting the mature millet, use matching mechanized equipment to break up and return the straw and ears of millet produced during the harvesting process; Step 8: After the harvest season, regularly check the maturity of the straw and ears of millet returned to the field to make advance preparations for the subsequent planting of seasonal millet.

2. The mechanized millet planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation of soil in step 1 is divided into: Soil testing: Soil testing can provide information about soil pH, organic matter content, nutrient levels, and soil structure, which can help determine whether soil improvement and proper fertilization are needed. Soil maturity: When there is uncomposted organic matter in the soil, compost or organic fertilizer can be applied and mixed with the soil. This can increase the soil organic matter content, improve the soil structure, and provide the nutrients needed for millet growth; Soil leveling: A level soil surface can provide uniform sowing conditions, which helps the uniform distribution and germination of seeds. To achieve soil leveling, mechanical equipment such as tillers, graders or scrapers can be used to adjust and level the soil surface; Soil loosening or deep loosening: The root system of millet is relatively shallow, and it requires higher softness and air permeability of the soil. Therefore, soil loosening or deep loosening can be taken to improve the soil structure. Soil loosening can remove the compacted layer on the soil surface by scraping or paving the ground to increase the soil's air permeability and drainage. Deep loosening loosens the deep soil layer to promote the growth and penetration of the root system.

3. The mechanized millet planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment of the selected millet in step 2 comprises the following steps: S1. Put the selected millet seeds into the disinfection equipment and spray an appropriate amount of clean water to keep the millet seeds moist; S2. Adjust the turning speed of the disinfection equipment to 10-35 r / min, adjust the flow rate of the sprayed disinfectant solution to 1.5-4 g / min, adjust the amount of PSA active zinc sprayed to 3-5 mg / min, adjust the amount of antibody enzyme Lytic sprayed to 2-3.5 mg / min, control the temperature inside the disinfection equipment to maintain at 20-30 ° C, and maintain the duration of disinfection pretreatment at 12-17 min; S3. Storing the millet seeds obtained in step S2 in a storage device for ripening, maintaining the temperature at 20-30° C. for 90-120 days.

4. The mechanized millet planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanical equipment used in step three is a millet seeder, and the millet sowing depth is between 2.5 and 5.5 cm, the sowing spacing is between 35 and 55 cm, and the plant spacing is between 3 and 5 cm.

5. The mechanized millet planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pesticides sprayed in the step 4 are methyl thiophanate and imidacloprid, wherein the ratio of methyl thiophanate to water is 0.5:2500, and the ratio of imidacloprid to water is 1:1300.

6. The mechanized millet planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer sprayed in step 4 is organic fertilizer, which is mixed with potassium fertilizer. The mixing ratio of organic fertilizer to potassium fertilizer is 10:1.5, which provides millet seeds with sufficient nutrients for growth and accumulates sufficient potassium for subsequent millet heading.

7. The mechanized millet planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation system used in step 5 is any one of surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation.

8. The mechanized millet planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The standard for judging whether millet is mature in step six is ​​that the outer leaves of the millet ears turn yellow and the color of the grains turns golden yellow. Whether the millet is mature can be judged by touching the millet ears and observing the changes in the color of the grains. The mechanized equipment used is a grain combine harvester.

9. The mechanized millet planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanical equipment used in step seven is a straw crusher, which is installed at the straw discharge outlet of the grain combine harvester.

10. The mechanized millet planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for judging the maturity of the straw in step eight is the earthworm judgment method, which is to fill about 1 / 3 of the mature straw in a plastic container and add water to make its moisture content reach 60% to 70%; put the earthworms in the container, shade it with a black cloth or place it in a shaded room, and keep the room temperature at 20 to 25°C. After one day, observe the movement and color of the earthworms. The earthworms will escape after being placed in the container and die after being placed for one day, and the maturity of the straw is judged to be in an unripe state; the earthworms are somewhat uneasy after being placed in the container, and their color changes and movements become slow after being placed for one day, and the maturity of the straw is judged to be in a moderately mature state; the earthworms quickly drill into the compost after being placed in the container, and there is no change after being placed for one day, and their activities are vigorous, and the maturity of the straw is judged to be fully mature.

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