Stress-resistant and yield-increasing combined preparation for healthy corn groups and application of combined preparation

Abstract

The invention discloses a corn healthy group stress-resistant and yield-increasing combined preparation and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of crop yield increase. The combined preparation is composed of a liquid medicine A and a liquid medicine B which are independently packaged, and the liquid medicine A comprises ethephon; the liquid medicine B comprises diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, chlorin iron and zinc sulfate heptahydrate. The combined preparation adopts the regulation and control concept of regulating the plant type through front suppression and increasing the lighting effect through rear promotion, integrates stalk strengthening, lodging resistance, female spike differentiation promotion and construction of a good light-temperature-water-gas group microenvironment, solves the problem that stress resistance, joint shrinkage and stable yield and yield increase in corn growth regulation and control cannot be coordinated and synchronized, and is beneficial to improving the optimal planting density of corn. Meanwhile, the preparation also has the characteristics of environmental friendliness, simplicity in assembly, convenience in use and the like, and is easy to popularize and apply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of increasing crop yield, and in particular to a combined preparation of maize for stress resistance and yield increase and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Corn planting areas are mainly concentrated in the Northeast, North China and Southwest China, but there is a large gap in corn yields in different regions. Therefore, establishing densely planted high-yield groups and increasing corn yields are the main directions to ensure high and stable corn yields.

[0003] Increasing planting density is an important measure to stabilize or even increase yield while reducing the sown area. Yield changes with the increase of density in a unimodal curve. At low density levels, yield increases with the increase of density, but there is an optimal planting density. Excessive density increase can easily intensify the competition for resources within the group, weaken the growth and development of individual plants, reduce the yield of individual plants, and increase the risk of lodging and yield reduction. Under high-density conditions, from corn sowing to jointing stage, the competition pressure for resources such as light, temperature, water and air is small, and the plants grow normally; from jointing to silking stage, the plants enter a critical period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. At this time, the leaves are staggered and overlapped, the ground is sealed, the canopy light transmittance, temperature, and carbon dioxide flux are extremely unevenly distributed, the photosynthetic efficiency of functional leaves is not high, and the amount of assimilates transported to the stems and reproductive organs decreases, resulting in slender and weak stems, short female ears, and reduced pollen quality of male ears, which in turn leads to lodging and yield reduction. The decline in single-plant yield is not conducive to the realization of the original yield potential of the variety, and the occurrence of lodging makes mechanized harvesting difficult. Therefore, how to coordinate the contradictions between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and between single plant yield and group yield through low-cost cultivation agronomic measures has always been a problem that agricultural workers need to face.

[0004] Plant growth regulators are widely used at home and abroad due to their low cost and significant effects. In corn production, the application of growth retardants such as paclobutrazol, ethylenediamine, chlormequat and other growth retardants can significantly reduce the center of gravity of the plant, increase the strength of the stem, and reduce lodging. However, due to the simultaneous elongation of internodes and ear development, the female ears are shortened while the plant height is reduced, and the number of grains per ear is reduced, resulting in a decrease in yield; growth promoters such as auxin, cytokinin, triacontanol, aminoethyl ester, and brassinolide can promote plant growth and prevent premature aging, but have little effect on improving the canopy structure, and environmental resources such as light, temperature, water and air are still in fierce competition, and lodging cannot be effectively prevented. Dihydrochlorin iron is a new type of plant growth regulator. Its effect on increasing the density and yield of corn by itself or in combination with other regulators is still unclear. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a corn group stress resistance and yield-increasing combination preparation and its application, so as to improve corn planting density, stress resistance and corn yield.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a combined preparation of corn health group stress resistance and yield increase is provided, comprising liquid A and liquid B; wherein the liquid A comprises ethephon; the liquid B comprises dihydrochlorin iron, ampicillin heptahydrate and zinc sulfate heptahydrate.

[0007] Furthermore, the ethephon content is 200-300 mg / L; the chlorin iron content is 4-5 mg / L; the aminoethyl hexanoate content is 40-60 mg / L; and the zinc sulfate heptahydrate content is 150-200 mg / L.

[0008] Furthermore, the ethephon content is 300 mg / L, the dihydrochlorin iron content is 5 mg / L, the aminoethyl hexanoate content is 50 mg / L, and the zinc sulfate heptahydrate content is 200 mg / L.

[0009] Furthermore, both the drug solution A and the drug solution B further include at least one of an active agent and a spreader.

[0010] Furthermore, the active agent and the spreading agent are Triton or Tween.

[0011] Furthermore, the Tween is at least one of Tween 20 and Tween 60.

[0012] The present invention provides an application of the combined preparation in improving the stress resistance and yield increase of corn.

[0013] The invention provides a product for improving the health of corn and its stress resistance and yield increase, comprising the above-mentioned combined preparation.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for improving corn population health, stress resistance and yield increase, comprising the following steps:

[0015] (1) spraying the above-mentioned liquid A on the leaves of corn at the 7-8 leaf expansion stage;

[0016] (2) Spray the above solution B on the leaves of corn during the 10-11 leaf expansion stage.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The present invention targets the limiting factors for achieving high and stable yields in high-density corn populations, namely lodging and premature senescence, as well as the contradiction between commonly used anti-lodging regulators and limiting ear development. From the perspectives of plant shape shaping, lowering the center of gravity, making the stalks thicker, improving photosynthetic efficiency, promoting ear differentiation, and resisting stress and reducing senescence, the present invention adopts the chemical control concept of "pre-suppression and post-promotion", adds a photosynthetic enhancer compounded with a new chemical control agent, dihydrochlorin iron, and develops an economical, efficient, environmentally friendly, and high-light-efficiency combination regulator for spring corn that is resistant to lodging and reduces senescence, while taking into account canopy structure optimization, improved light energy utilization, and increased yield.

[0019] (2) The combined preparation of the present invention is composed of independently packaged liquid medicine A and liquid medicine B, wherein liquid medicine A includes ethephon; liquid medicine B includes ampicillin, chlorin iron and zinc sulfate heptahydrate. The combined preparation of the present invention adopts the control concept of "pre-inhibition" to adjust plant type and "post-promotion" to increase light efficiency, taking into account strong stalks and lodging resistance, promoting female ear differentiation, and constructing a good light, temperature, water and air group microenvironment. At the same time, it overcomes the problem that stress resistance, joint reduction and stable yield increase cannot be coordinated and synchronized in corn growth control, which is conducive to improving the optimal planting density of corn.

[0020] (3) By spraying liquid A in the early stage to lower the center of gravity, shorten and thicken the internodes, and improve the lodging resistance, a plant shape with compact upper leaves and flat lower leaves is formed, thereby improving the light and temperature distribution of the group. In the later stage, spraying liquid B promotes ear differentiation, improves photosynthetic efficiency, prolongs photosynthetic time, effectively slows down premature aging, and increases the yield of single plants. This combined chemical control method effectively taps the yield potential of cultivated varieties, improves the optimal planting density of corn production, and provides new ideas for dense planting and high-yield technology.

[0021] (4) The preparation is also environmentally friendly, simple to prepare, and easy to use, making it easy to promote and apply. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The effects of different chemical control combinations on corn yield in two years;

[0023] Figure 2 The effects of different chemical control combinations on the inclination angle of corn leaves in two years;

[0024] Figure 3 This is the effect of combined regulation of liquid A and liquid B on the light transmittance of high-density corn populations. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following examples are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. If no specific conditions are specified in the examples, the conditions are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0026] Embodiment 1:

[0027] A combined preparation for corn health group stress resistance and yield increase, comprising liquid A and liquid B; wherein liquid A comprises 300 mg / L of ethephon and 0.5 mL / L of Tween 20; liquid B comprises 5 mg / L of chlorin iron, 50 mg / L of ammine hexanoate, 200 mg / L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and 0.5 mL / L of Tween 20.

[0028] Embodiment 2:

[0029] A combined preparation for corn health group stress resistance and yield increase, comprising liquid A and liquid B; wherein liquid A comprises 200 mg / L of ethephon and 0.3 mL / L of Tween 60; liquid B comprises 4 mg / L of chlorin iron, 40 mg / L of ammine hexanoate, 150 mg / L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and 0.3 mL / L of Tween 60.

[0030] Embodiment 3:

[0031] A combined preparation for corn health group stress resistance and yield increase, comprising liquid A and liquid B; wherein liquid A comprises 250 mg / L of ethephon and 0.3 mL / L of Triton; liquid B comprises 4 mg / L of chlorin iron, 60 mg / L of ammine hexamethylenetetramine, 180 mg / L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and 0.3 mL / L of Triton.

[0032] Test example: Effects of different chemical control combinations on corn

[0033] A split-plot experimental design was used, with the main plot being density, which was 3.75×10 4 plants / hectare, 6.75×10 4 plants / hectare, 9.75×10 4 plant / hectare, and the sub-plots were chemical control combinations, namely CK, T1, and T2 (as shown in Table 1), with a total of 9 treatments and 27 plots, each with an area of ​​20m 2 , row spacing is 60cm. Two rows of protection rows are set in each plot, and pest and disease control and other agronomic measures are consistent with the management level of high-yield fields. Harvest at physiological maturity, measure yield, investigate yield components such as lodging rate, ear number per mu, number of grains per ear and thousand-grain weight, and analyze the effects of growth regulator spraying on corn yield and yield components; measure effective photosynthetic radiation, plant height, ear height, stem-leaf angle, internode length and average diameter of the 3rd and 5th stem nodes at the base and ear internode elongation, and leaf area index at the silking stage to analyze the effects of growth regulator spraying on corn plant shape; measure the net photosynthetic rate, fluorescence parameters and relative chlorophyll content of the latest unfolded leaves of corn at the silking stage to analyze the effects of growth regulator spraying on corn photosynthetic physiology; measure the puncture, crushing and bending strength of corn stalks at the silking stage, and use the Fan washing method to determine the contents of structural substances such as internode hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, and analyze the effects of growth regulator spraying on corn stalk quality.

[0034] Table 1 Different chemical control combinations and spraying periods

[0035]

[0036] (1) Effects of different chemical control combinations on corn yield and lodging rate

[0037] The yield data measured after harvest at maturity, as well as the data on yield components such as lodging rate, number of ears per mu, number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight were statistically analyzed. All data were subjected to ANOVA statistical analysis using SPSS26, and multiple comparisons were performed using the Fishers' LSD method. p<0.05 was considered significant (at the same density, lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different chemical treatments (P<0.05), for example, a and b were significantly different, and a and ab were not significantly different; error bars indicate the standard error between three repetitions).

[0038] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that under low and medium density planting (37,500 plants / ha and 67,500 plants / ha), the combined regulation of liquid A and liquid B (T3) was not significantly increased compared with water treatment (CK), spraying liquid A alone (T1) and spraying liquid B alone (T2). However, the T3 group showed a good yield-increasing effect when planted at high density (97,500 plants / ha). Compared with CK, the yield in 2021 and 2022 increased by 16.9% and 11.1%, respectively; compared with T1, the yield in 2021 and 2022 increased by 26.7% and 12.3%, respectively; compared with T2, the yield in 2021 and 2022 increased by 59.7% and 37.1%, respectively.

[0039] Table 2 shows the effects of different chemical control combinations on corn yield components and ear traits in two years. The experimental results show that when planted at high density, the lodging rate of group T1 was significantly reduced compared with CK, indicating that only spraying liquid A can strengthen the stalks and resist lodging, increase the number of effective ears, but there is no difference in yield between the number of effective ears and the increase in yield, which may be due to the shortening of ear length, the lengthening of bald tips, and the decrease in the number of grains per ear, that is, the ear shrinking effect of ethephon, which is consistent with previous research results; the lodging rate of group T2 increased significantly and the yield decreased, because the main components of liquid B are aminoethyl ester and dihydrochlorin iron, both of which are plant growth promoters. When used at conventional density, it can increase the accumulation of dry matter by increasing the net photosynthetic rate (photosynthetic related enzymes) and prolonging the photosynthetic time (photosynthetic potential), thereby increasing the yield. However, when corn is planted at a high density, the canopy is closed, causing shade avoidance, resulting in thin stems, increased plant height, premature leaf aging, and aggravated pests and diseases. Spraying solution B further increases the leaf area index of the group, thereby aggravating the shade avoidance reaction. The canopy is airtight, and the wind has a larger force surface on the group. At the same time, the plant height is higher and the stems are thinner, resulting in poorer lodging resistance. The T3 group not only significantly reduced the lodging rate, but also significantly increased the yield. This is because spraying solutions A and B can effectively alleviate the phenomenon of elongated ear length and shortened bald tips, while increasing the number of grains per ear and the grain weight.

[0040] The above results indicate that, when planted at high density, the combination formulation of the present invention can significantly increase the yield of corn while improving the lodging resistance of corn.

[0041] Table 2 Effects of different chemical control combinations on spring corn yield components and ear traits

[0042]

[0043]

[0044] (2) Effects of different chemical control combinations on maize plant shape

[0045] The effective photosynthetic radiation, plant height, ear height, stem-leaf angle, internode length and average diameter of the 3rd and 5th stem nodes at the base and the ear internode, and leaf area index measured during the silking period were statistically analyzed. All data were analyzed by ANOVA statistical analysis using SPSS26, and Fishers' LSD method was used for multiple comparisons. p<0.05 was considered significant.

[0046] The results are as follows Figure 2 As shown in the figure, with the increase of planting density, the leaf angle of the lower leaves of the plant increased, and the leaf angle of the middle and upper leaves decreased, indicating that the leaf angle has a certain adaptability with the increase of planting density, and actively obtains more light by reducing the leaf angle of the middle and upper leaves. Compared with the CK group and the T1 group, the T3 group can effectively increase the leaf angle of the middle and lower parts, and the leaves are more flat, which is conducive to receiving more light, improving the efficiency of light energy utilization, and thus accelerating the grain filling process. Figure 3 is the light transmittance of T3 group under high density planting of spring corn. Figure 3 It can be seen that after the combination preparation of the present invention is used to treat corn, it has little effect on the light transmittance of the corn base, and significantly improves the light transmittance of the middle and upper leaf layers. Although the upper leaves of the CK group have a higher light transmittance, the middle and lower leaf layers receive less light, which is not conducive to dry matter transport and structural compound synthesis, and is prone to premature aging and lodging. Therefore, after chemical regulation, a good plant type is shaped, the canopy light distribution of the group is more reasonable, and the light energy utilization efficiency is improved.

[0047] Table 3 shows the effects of different chemical control combinations on plant height, ear position and leaf area index at different densities of spring corn. As can be seen from Table 3, plant height and ear position coefficient increase with increasing density, and the center of gravity moves upward, making lodging more likely when encountering strong winds and heavy rains. Spraying solution A + solution B can significantly reduce plant height and ear position coefficient, especially in high-density groups, where the ear position coefficient decreases by 15%, resulting in a lower center of gravity, lower wind contact surface, and reduced lodging. Treatment with solution A + solution B can significantly reduce plant height, while the number of nodes is generally a variety characteristic, so the average length of a single node decreases under this treatment.

[0048] Table 4 shows the effects of different chemical control combinations on internode traits at different densities of corn (data are presented as average values ​​(n=3), and the first node exposed to the ground is defined as the first node). As shown in Table 4, when planted at high density, the lengths of the third internode, the fifth internode, and the ear internode at the base of the T3 group, which are more correlated with the lodging rate, are significantly reduced compared with the CK group. The stem length of the high-density group is shortened by an average of 13%, the internode thickness increases, and the average thickening of the nodes of the high-density group is 20%, achieving the purpose of shortening and thickening nodes, increasing stress, and improving lodging resistance.

[0049] Table 3 Effects of different chemical control combinations on plant height, ear position and leaf area index of corn at different densities

[0050]

[0051] Table 4 Effects of different chemical control combinations on internode traits of maize at different densities

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] (3) Effects of different chemical control combinations on corn stalk quality

[0055] The puncture, crushing and bending strengths of the 3rd, 4th and 5th internodes at the base of corn measured at the silking stage were statistically analyzed using the Fan washing method to determine the contents of structural substances such as internode hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. All data were analyzed by ANOVA statistical analysis using SPSS26, and multiple comparisons were performed using the Fishers' LSD method. A significant difference was considered significant at p<0.05.

[0056] The experimental results are shown in Tables 5 and 6. The response trends of the organizational structure strength, bending performance, and compressive strength of the stems to each treatment are the same. With the increase of planting density, the values ​​of each index decrease synchronously, and the quality of the stems decreases, which explains why high-density groups are prone to lodging. The proportion of structural compounds in the stems is significantly positively correlated with the strength of the stems. As shown in Table 6, the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of the stems in the T3 group increased by 8.7%, 4.4%, and 6.0% respectively compared with the CK group, and the total content increased by 6.7%. At the same planting density, the treatments of liquid A or liquid A + liquid B can increase the strength of the stems and the content of structural compounds, and there is no significant difference between the two, indicating that the treatment of liquid A + liquid B takes into account the resistance to lodging while increasing the yield per plant, achieving the purpose of increasing yield and resisting lodging.

[0057] Table 5 Effects of different chemical control combinations on stalk strength of corn at different densities

[0058]

[0059] Table 6 Proportion of structural compounds in each stem node at a density of 97,500 plants / hectare of corn (%)

[0060]

[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combination preparation for corn health group resistance and yield increase, characterized in that: It comprises liquid medicine A and liquid medicine B; wherein the liquid medicine A comprises ethephon; and the liquid medicine B comprises chlorin iron, ammine hexanoate and zinc sulfate heptahydrate.

2. The corn health-preparation for stress resistance and yield increase according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ethephon content is 200-300 mg / L; the chlorin iron content is 4-5 mg / L; the aminoethyl hexanoate content is 40-60 mg / L; and the zinc sulfate heptahydrate content is 150-200 mg / L.

3. The combined preparation for corn health group stress resistance and yield increase according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ethephon content is 300 mg / L, the chlorin iron content is 5 mg / L, the ammonium ethyl hexanoate content is 50 mg / L, and the zinc sulfate heptahydrate content is 200 mg / L.

4. The combined preparation for corn stress resistance and yield increase according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drug solution A and the drug solution B both further include at least one of an active agent and a spreader.

5. The combined preparation for corn stress resistance and yield increase according to claim 4, characterized in that: The active agent and the spreading agent are Triton or Tween.

6. The combined preparation for corn stress resistance and yield increase according to claim 5, characterized in that: The Tween is at least one of Tween 20 and Tween 60.

7. Use of the combined preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in improving the stress resistance and yield increase of corn.

8. A product for improving corn health, resistance to stress and yield increase, characterized in that: The invention comprises the combined preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A method for improving corn population health, stress resistance and yield increase, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) spraying the liquid medicine A described in claim 1 on the leaves of corn at the 7-8 leaf expansion stage; (2) Spray the liquid medicine B described in claim 1 on the leaves of corn during the 10-11 leaf expansion period.

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