Biostimulant containing tenebrio molitor extract and application of biostimulant

Abstract

The invention is applied to the field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a biostimulant containing a tenebrio molitor extract and application of the biostimulant in promoting crop growth and preventing and treating diseases in agricultural production. The invention discloses a biostimulant containing a tenebrio molitor extract. The biostimulant is prepared from the tenebrio molitor extract and deacetylated chitin in a mass ratio of (1-10): (1-10). Preferably, the biostimulant is prepared from tenebrio molitor extract and deacetylated chitin according to the mass ratio of 2: 1. The tenebrio molitor extract and the specific substance are mixed to obtain the biostimulant, the synergistic effect of the tenebrio molitor extract and the specific substance can be achieved through specific matching of the tenebrio molitor extract and the specific substance, the disease resistance of crops can be improved, the quality and yield of agricultural products can be improved, and excellent synergistic interaction and multi-aspect application functions are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention is applied to the field of agriculture, and specifically relates to a stimulant containing a yellow mealworm extract and its application in promoting crop growth and preventing and controlling diseases in agricultural production. Background Art

[0002] Biostimulants are a special class of substances. They are mainly derived from nature, rich in certain active substances, and have not been artificially synthesized. They are neither chemical pesticides nor traditional fertilizers, nor are they plant hormones or plant growth regulators. They mainly improve the physiological and biochemical state of plants, thereby enhancing the resistance of crops in adverse environments, and ultimately improving the yield and quality of crops. The main advantages of biostimulants include that they are mainly derived from nature, these substances have not been artificially synthesized, and are harmless to the environment and biological safety; biostimulants not only have the function of improving the efficiency of crop nutrient application, but also provide direct or indirect benefits to crop growth and stress response, such as promoting root development, improving stress resistance, and improving soil structure; the use of biostimulants helps to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reduce environmental pollution in agricultural production, and is in line with the concept of sustainable development.

[0003] Yellow mealworms, also known as mealworms, belong to the order Coleoptera, family Pseudocephalexin, and genus Pseudocephalexin in insect taxonomy. They are native to North America. Reported studies have shown that yellow mealworms contain a variety of conventional trace elements. After proper treatment, they can be used as organic fertilizers, which help improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, and promote crop growth. Yellow mealworm extracts have antibacterial and antiviral biological activities and can be used in the field of biological control to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and protect the ecological environment. Yellow mealworms are rich in a variety of growth factors and amino acids and other nutrients, which promote plant growth. By extracting and utilizing these substances by appropriate methods, biological preparations with the function of promoting plant growth and preventing and controlling crop diseases can be developed, but most of the current attention is paid to their nutritional value, and relatively little research is done on their active substances.

[0004] At present, the yield of crops is mainly increased by the application of chemical fertilizers, and the prevention and control of crop diseases is still mainly based on chemical pesticides. However, due to the continuous use of chemical pesticides, the resistance of crops to these drugs is becoming more and more prominent. In order to improve the prevention and control effect and crop yield, the number and amount of pesticide application will be increased, which leads to the increasingly serious problem of chemical pesticide residues. Therefore, the development of biological agents to prevent and control plant diseases and increase crop yields is a research hotspot in the agricultural field. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that existing biological preparations are insufficiently applied in the agricultural field, and to provide a stimulant containing a yellow mealworm extract and its application in promoting crop growth and preventing and controlling diseases in agricultural production.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A biostimulant containing yellow mealworm extract. The biostimulant is the yellow mealworm extract and chitosan in a mass ratio of 1-10:1-10.

[0008] Preferably, the biostimulant is a yellow mealworm extract and chitosan in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0009] The yellow mealworm extract is obtained by extracting yellow mealworms with ethanol to obtain a viscous brown extract for standby use.

[0010] The yellow mealworm extract is prepared by rapidly grinding the dried yellow mealworm into powder in a mortar after cooling with liquid nitrogen, then mixing the powder with anhydrous ethanol at a ratio of 1:20 (m / v), and using a Soxhlet extractor to heat and reflux for extraction for 6-8 hours. The extract is concentrated to near dryness by reduced pressure distillation at 40-50°C using a rotary evaporator, and the concentrate is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 50°C to constant weight to obtain a viscous brown extract, wherein the ethanol (1:20) extraction rate of the extract is approximately 9.58%.

[0011] The dried mealworms were rapidly cooled with liquid nitrogen and then quickly ground into powder in a mortar; then the powder was mixed with anhydrous ethanol at a ratio of 1:20 (m / v).

[0012] An application of the biostimulant containing the yellow mealworm extract, wherein the biostimulant containing the yellow mealworm extract is used to promote crop growth or prevent and control diseases in agricultural production.

[0013] The crops are wheat, rice, cucumber, potato, potato or peanut.

[0014] The disease is wheat powdery mildew, cucumber downy mildew, wheat rust or rice sheath blight.

[0015] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0016] The present invention mixes the mealworm extract with a specific substance to obtain a biostimulant. The specific combination of the two can exert a synergistic effect of the two, improve the disease resistance of crops, improve the quality and yield of agricultural products, etc., and has excellent synergistic effect and multiple application functions.

[0017] 1. The biostimulant formula of the present invention significantly promotes crop yield increase. For example, the present invention can increase wheat yield and cucumber yield, and improve the economic and social benefits of farmers planting wheat and cucumber.

[0018] 2. The biostimulant formula of the present invention can enhance the disease resistance of plants, reduce the use of pesticides, reduce agricultural production costs, and improve the benefits of agricultural production. For example, the present invention can improve the resistance to wheat powdery mildew and cucumber downy mildew. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with examples. It should be noted that the specific implementation modes described here are only for illustrating and explaining the present invention, and are not limited to the present invention.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] The mealworm extract is prepared by adding liquid nitrogen to the dried mealworms, quickly grinding them into powder in a mortar, then mixing them with anhydrous ethanol at a ratio of 1:20 (m / v), and extracting them under reflux for 6 hours using a Soxhlet extractor. The extract is concentrated to near dryness by reduced pressure distillation at 40°C using a rotary evaporator, and the concentrate is placed in a vacuum drying oven at 50°C and dried to constant weight to obtain a viscous brown extract. The ethanol (1:20) extraction rate of the extract is approximately 9.58%.

[0022] Application Example 1 Wheat Planting Experiment

[0023] The experiment was conducted at the experimental site of the 167th Regiment of the 9th Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2023. The winter wheat variety was (Xindong 18), the sowing time was October 10, 2023, the row spacing was 25 cm, the plant spacing was 15 cm, and the area of ​​each treatment plot was 100 square meters. There were 6 experimental treatments (the ratio was 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 for mealworm extract: chitosan (mass): 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3), a blank treatment and 3 control treatments (the 3 control treatments were mealworm extract, chitosan, and a mixture of mealworm extract and humic acid (the mass ratio of the two was 1:1). Each treatment was repeated three times. After the winter wheat entered the green stage, the treated samples were applied to wheat according to the following dosages. The yield survey method was to measure the yield of the control and treatment.

[0024] Table 1 Wheat yield and increase rate under various treatments

[0025]

[0026] The above data can be drawn that the yield of winter wheat when mealworm extract and chitosan are used alone exceeds the blank treatment; the treatment of the mixed use of mealworm extract and chitosan significantly exceeds the effect of mealworm extract and chitosan used alone in yield, wherein the combined use of mealworm extract 30g / mu and chitosan 15g / mu is the best, indicating that the mixed formula of mealworm extract and chitosan has obvious synergistic effect. It is explained that the mixed formula of mealworm extract and chitosan disclosed in the present invention has a good yield-increasing effect on winter wheat. But by comparing 3, it can be seen that even if two different effective materials are mixed, the expected effect can not be fully achieved, and then it can be seen that the collocation of the technical solution of the present invention has an unexpected effect.

[0027] Application Example 2: Wheat powdery mildew resistance test

[0028] The wheat variety is New Winter 18, and the yellow mealworm extract and deacetylated chitosan are prepared into solutions of 600mg / L, 1200mg / L and 1800mg / L. At the three-leaf stage of wheat, potted wheat seedlings with uniform growth are selected for spraying according to the experimental design concentration, and the control is sprayed with clean water (the application amount of one acre of land is 30L / acre). The potted wheat seedlings treated with the spraying solution are naturally dried. After 24h, the spores of wheat powdery mildew pathogen are inoculated and moved to a greenhouse with a temperature of 22-30℃ and a humidity of 40-60% for management. After 7d, the control effect of wheat powdery mildew is investigated according to the following grading standards. Each sample was repeated 3 times.

[0029] The mixed formula for treatment is mealworm extract: chitosan in mass ratios of 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3, with a blank treatment and a control treatment (mealworm extract and chitosan alone). The application rate of each group of drugs per mu of land is 30L / mu.

[0030] Level 0: No disease.

[0031] Level 1: The lesion area accounts for less than 5% of the entire leaf area.

[0032] Level 3: The lesion area accounts for 6% to 15% of the entire leaf area.

[0033] Level 5: The lesion area accounts for 16% to 25% of the entire leaf area.

[0034] Level 7: The lesion area accounts for 26% to 50% of the total leaf area.

[0035] Level 9: The lesion area accounts for more than 50% of the entire leaf area.

[0036] According to the survey data, the disease index and control effect of each treatment were calculated. The disease index was calculated according to formula (1):

[0037]

[0038] Where:

[0039] X——disease index;

[0040] Ni——number of diseased leaves at each level;

[0041] i——relative series;

[0042] N——Total number of leaves surveyed.

[0043] The control effect is calculated according to formula (2):

[0044]

[0045] Where:

[0046] P——control effect, in percentage (%);

[0047] CK——blank control disease index;

[0048] PT - Treatment index.

[0049] Table 2 The control effect of different treatments on wheat powdery mildew induced disease resistance

[0050]

[0051] It can be concluded from the above data that the yellow mealworm extract and chitosan alone have a much higher induction effect than the blank, and the control effect is obvious when the application concentration is 1200 mg / L. Among them, the yellow mealworm extract and chitosan are mixed in a ratio of 2:1, and the control effect of wheat powdery mildew is best when the application concentration is 1200 mg / L, and the control effect can reach 92%. It shows that the formula of yellow mealworm extract and biostimulant disclosed in the present invention has a good induction activity against wheat powdery mildew.

[0052] Application Example 3: Cucumber Indoor Pot Planting Experiment

[0053] The cucumber variety is Jinlu No. 10, and the yellow mealworm extract and chitosan are formulated into solutions of 600mg / L, 1200mg / L and 1800mg / L. Five different mixing ratios were tested, yellow mealworm extract: chitosan: configured according to the mass ratio of 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3, a blank treatment and a control treatment (yellow mealworm extract and chitosan were used alone). The treatment formula to be tested was sprayed on the 5-leaf cucumber seedlings with the same growth potential according to the above-mentioned different concentrations and different mixing ratios, and the effects of different treatments at maturity on the yield of indoor potted cucumbers were investigated. Each sample was treated three times. The application rate of each group of drugs per mu of land is 30L / mu.

[0054] The calculation formula for the yield improvement rate is as follows:

[0055] Yield increase rate (%) = (treatment yield - blank control yield) / blank control yield * 100

[0056] The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0057] Table 3 Effects of different treatments on the number and yield of indoor potted cucumber fruits

[0058]

[0059] It can be concluded from the above data that the yellow mealworm extract and chitosan can increase the number of fruits and yield of each cucumber plant when applied alone. For example, when 1200mg / L yellow mealworm extract is applied, the yield of cucumber is increased by 7.65%. When the two are mixed and applied, the number of fruits and yield of each cucumber plant are better than when yellow mealworm extract or chitosan is applied alone. Among them, when the yellow mealworm extract and chitosan are mixed and applied in a ratio of 2:1 and the application concentration is 1200mg / L, the effect is best, and its yield can reach 2.45kg / plant, and the yield increase rate is 19.90%. It shows that the formula of yellow mealworm extract and biostimulant disclosed in the present invention has a significant effect on increasing cucumber yield.

[0060] Application Example 4: Induced resistance test to cucumber double mold

[0061] The cucumber variety is Jinlu No. 10, and the yellow mealworm extract and chitosan are formulated into solutions of 600mg / L, 1200mg / L and 1800mg / L. Five different mixing ratios were tested, yellow mealworm extract: chitosan: configured according to a mass ratio of 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3, a blank treatment and a control treatment (yellow mealworm extract and chitosan were used alone). The treatment formula to be tested was sprayed on the 5-leaf cucumber seedlings with consistent growth according to the above-mentioned different concentrations and different mixing ratios. After 36h, the sporangium suspension of the pathogen was evenly sprayed on the cucumber leaves. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, and the treated plants were cultured in a solar greenhouse. After 7 days, a disease classification survey was conducted according to the cucumber downy mildew disease classification standard. The application rate of the above-mentioned groups of drugs per mu of land is 30L / mu.

[0062] The grading survey method for cucumber downy mildew is mainly based on the area or number of lesions on the leaves to divide the disease into different levels.

[0063] Level 0: No lesions.

[0064] Level 1: The lesion area accounts for less than 5% of the total leaf area.

[0065] Level 3: The lesion area accounts for 6% to 10% of the total leaf area.

[0066] Level 5: The lesion area accounts for 11% to 25% of the total leaf area.

[0067] Level 7: The lesion area accounts for 26% to 50% of the total leaf area.

[0068] Level 9: The lesion area accounts for more than 50% of the total leaf area.

[0069] According to the survey data, the disease index and control effect of cucumber downy mildew of each treatment were calculated. The disease index was calculated according to formula (3):

[0070]

[0071] Where:

[0072] X——disease index;

[0073] Ni——number of diseased leaves at each level;

[0074] i——relative series;

[0075] N——Total number of leaves surveyed.

[0076] The control effect is calculated according to formula (4):

[0077]

[0078] Where:

[0079] P——control effect, in percentage (%);

[0080] CK——blank control disease index;

[0081] PT - Treatment index.

[0082] Table 4 The control effect of different treatments on cucumber downy mildew induced resistance

[0083]

[0084] It can be concluded from the above data that the yellow mealworm extract and chitosan alone can induce disease resistance activity that is much higher than the blank, and the effects of both are most obvious when the application concentration is 1200 mg / L. Among them, when the yellow mealworm extract and chitosan are mixed and applied, the control effect of cucumber downy mildew is best when the application ratio is 2:1 and the application concentration is 1200 mg / L, and the control effect can reach 92%. It shows that the mixed formula of the yellow mealworm extract and the biostimulant disclosed in the present invention has a good inducing resistance effect on cucumber downy mildew.

Claims

1. A biostimulant containing a mealworm extract, characterized in that: The biostimulant is yellow mealworm extract and deacetyl chitosan in a mass ratio of 1-10:1-10.

2. The biostimulant containing the mealworm extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biostimulant is a yellow mealworm extract and deacetylated chitosan in a mass ratio of 2-5:1-3.

3. The biostimulant containing the mealworm extract according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The yellow mealworm extract is a brown viscous extract obtained by extracting yellow mealworms with ethanol, and is for standby use.

4. The biostimulant containing the mealworm extract according to claim 3, characterized in that: The yellow mealworm extract is prepared by rapidly cooling the dried yellow mealworm and then grinding it, mixing it with ethanol, using a Soxhlet extractor to reflux extract for 6-8 hours, and then concentrating the solution by vacuum distillation until the solution is a viscous brown paste, and then volatilizing it at room temperature to obtain the extract.

5. The biostimulant containing the mealworm extract according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dried mealworms are rapidly cooled and ground to obtain mealworm powder, which is then mixed with ethanol at a ratio of 1:20 (m / v).

6. An application of the biostimulant containing the mealworm extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biostimulant containing the yellow mealworm extract is used in promoting crop growth or preventing and controlling diseases in agricultural production.

7. The use of the biostimulant containing the mealworm extract according to claim 6, characterized in that: The crops are wheat, rice, cucumber, potato, potato or peanut.

8. The use of the biostimulant containing the mealworm extract according to claim 6, characterized in that: The disease is wheat powdery mildew, cucumber downy mildew, wheat rust or rice sheath blight.

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