Positioning and resetting device for tibial plateau fracture minimally invasive surgery

Abstract

The invention discloses a positioning and resetting device for tibial plateau fracture minimally invasive surgery, and belongs to the technical field of medical surgical instruments. Comprising a positioning device which is composed of a positioning arm and an adjusting arm; the sleeve seat is provided with a sleeve containing cavity, the lower end of the adjusting arm is matched with the upward side of the sleeve seat in a pluggable adjusting mode, and a pair of first kirschner wire fixing holes are formed in the lower portion of the sleeve seat. The sleeve is matched with the sleeve accommodating cavity in a plugging manner and is locked or unlocked by a sleeve adjusting and locking mechanism which is arranged at the bottom of the sleeve seat and is communicated with the sleeve accommodating cavity; and the inner core is matched with the sleeve cavity in a plugging manner, the left end part of the inner core extends out of the sleeve cavity and forms a supporting flange, and a second kirschner wire fixing hole is formed in the central position of the inner core. The method has the advantages that three-point stability is embodied, the positioning stability is guaranteed, and the applicability is improved; the stability and reliability of positioning are guaranteed, and the operation efficiency is improved; the operation efficiency is improved; the structure is simple, and adjusting operation is flexible; and the applicability of the positioner is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of medical surgical instruments, and in particular relates to a minimally invasive surgical positioning and reduction device for tibial plateau fractures, which is used for accurately positioning and reducing collapsed bone blocks under the monitoring of an arthroscopic technique during minimally invasive surgery. Background Art

[0002] The tibial plateau refers to a wide platform structure formed at the proximal end of the tibia. The tibial plateau, the distal end of the femur, the patella, and the surrounding soft tissues together form the knee joint. When the knee joint is subjected to external forces such as falling from a height, violent impact, and driving accidents, the tibial plateau is prone to fractures. Tibial plateau fractures are intra-articular fractures and usually require surgical treatment, otherwise it will affect the function of the knee joint in the later stage. The most commonly used classification (i.e. diagnosis) of tibial plateau fractures is the Schatzker classification. Specifically, the surgical treatment methods used vary depending on the medial and lateral platforms of the tibial plateau, the fracture site, and the injury mechanism; for example, there are fixation with hollow screws and fixation with medial and lateral plates. If the tibial plateau is severely comminuted, it can be fixed with both medial and lateral plates.

[0003] As is known in the industry, with the development of technology, minimally invasive surgery for tibial plateau fractures under arthroscopy has become more and more a consensus in the industry, which has the advantages of less damage, shorter operation time and faster recovery. As is also known in the industry, minimally invasive surgery for tibial plateau fractures requires the use of reasonable surgical instruments.

[0004] In the public Chinese patent documents, it can be seen that there are technical information related to surgical instruments used in minimally invasive surgery for tibial plateau fractures. For example, CN203815587U recommends "a minimally invasive surgical positioning and reduction device for tibial plateau fractures". Although the patent structure has the advantages summarized in paragraphs 0016 to 0019 of its specification, the structure is very complex and it is troublesome for the surgeon to operate. For example, CN109009375A provides "a reduction device for collapse fractures of the articular surface of the tibial plateau and its application method" and CN213310206U introduces "a percutaneous reduction device for tibial plateau fractures" (the first and second clamp arms are required). The common disadvantages that are not limited to the aforementioned patents are: because it is a single-point positioning, on the one hand, the applicability is limited, on the other hand, the stability of the positioning is affected, and on the other hand, the small operating space is not conducive to improving the efficiency of the operation. Summary of the invention

[0005] The task of the present invention is to provide a minimally invasive surgical positioning and reduction device for tibial plateau fractures, which helps to achieve good positioning effect to enhance applicability, is beneficial to ensuring positioning stability and reliability to ensure surgical effect, is beneficial to increasing operating space and operating stability to improve surgical efficiency, and is convenient to abandon the use of both arms to simplify the structure.

[0006] The task of the present invention is accomplished in this way. A minimally invasive surgical positioning and reduction device for tibial plateau fractures includes a positioner, which is composed of a positioning arm and an adjusting arm that are integrally formed with each other. The upper ends of the positioning arm and the adjusting arm are transitionally connected by an arm connecting stem, and an opening as a knee joint cavity is formed between the lower ends facing each other. The lower end of the positioning arm and the side facing the opening are formed with a top hook for supporting the collapsed joint surface of the tibial plateau fracture in the use state; a sleeve seat and a sleeve, the sleeve seat has a sleeve accommodating cavity that runs from the left end to the right end, the lower end of the adjusting arm is plugged and adjusted with the side of the sleeve seat facing upward, and A pair of first Kirschner wire fixing holes are provided at the lower part of the sleeve seat, which are through from the left end to the right end of the sleeve seat and are used for allowing the Kirschner wire to enter the cortical bone of the bone block when in use. The sleeve is plug-in-pull fit in the sleeve accommodating cavity and is locked or unlocked by a sleeve adjustment locking mechanism arranged at the bottom of the sleeve seat and communicated with the sleeve accommodating cavity; an inner core is plug-in-pull fit in the sleeve cavity of the sleeve, the left end of the inner core protrudes out of the sleeve cavity and is formed with a supporting flange that abuts against the outer side of the cortical bone on the opposite side of the affected part of the bone block when in use, and a second Kirschner wire fixing hole that passes through the inner core and the supporting flange is provided at the center position of the inner core in the length direction.

[0007] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a top hook inclined surface is formed on a side surface of the top hook facing the opening for abutting against the collapsed articular surface of the tibial plateau fracture in abutting manner when in use.

[0008] In another specific embodiment of the present invention, an adjustment arm sliding mating arm extends from the upward side of the sleeve seat, an adjustment slot is provided on the front side of the adjustment arm sliding mating arm, the adjustment arm is plugged and adjusted with the adjustment slot, and the adjustment arm and the adjustment arm sliding mating arm are locked or unlocked by an adjustment arm locking screw arranged on the rear side of the adjustment arm sliding mating arm.

[0009] In another specific embodiment of the present invention, a sleeve locking tongue hole is provided on the bottom wall of the sleeve accommodating cavity of the sleeve seat for communicating the sleeve accommodating cavity with the outside world; sleeve locking tongue matching grooves are provided on the outer wall of one side of the sleeve and at intervals along the length direction of the sleeve; the sleeve adjustment locking mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the sleeve seat at a position corresponding to the sleeve locking tongue hole and is locked or unlocked with the sleeve locking tongue matching groove.

[0010] In another specific embodiment of the present invention, a sleeve adjustment locking mechanism seat is formed at the bottom of the sleeve seat and at a position corresponding to the sleeve locking tongue hole, and the sleeve adjustment locking mechanism seat has a sleeve adjustment locking mechanism matching cavity, and the sleeve adjustment locking mechanism matching cavity is communicated with the sleeve locking tongue hole and is also communicated with the outside world; the sleeve adjustment locking mechanism includes a sleeve locking tongue, a spring and a spring limiting screw, and the sleeve locking tongue, the spring and the spring limiting screw are sequentially arranged in the sleeve adjustment locking mechanism matching cavity from top to bottom, and the sleeve locking tongue is displaced up and down corresponding to the sleeve locking tongue hole, and the lower end face of the sleeve locking tongue is supported on the spring The upper end of the spring is supported on the spring limiting screw, and the spring limiting screw is threadedly matched with the inner wall of the matching cavity of the sleeve adjustment locking mechanism. When the sleeve is rotated to make the matching groove of the sleeve locking tongue rotate away from the position corresponding to the sleeve locking tongue, the sleeve presses the sleeve locking tongue and compresses the spring, and the sleeve is in a state of being free from being locked by the sleeve locking tongue and sliding left and right in the sleeve accommodating cavity for adjustment; and when the sleeve is rotated to make the matching groove of the sleeve locking tongue be in the position corresponding to the sleeve locking tongue, the spring is released and pushes the sleeve locking tongue upward, so that the sleeve locking tongue protrudes out of the sleeve locking tongue hole and cooperates with the matching groove of the sleeve locking tongue to lock the sleeve.

[0011] In another specific embodiment of the present invention, a sleeve limiting flange with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the sleeve is formed at the right end of the sleeve, the left side surface of the sleeve limiting flange is in contact with the right side surface of the sleeve seat, an inner core right end face extended flange matching cavity is formed on the inner wall of the sleeve limiting flange and around the circumferential direction of the sleeve limiting flange, and an inner core right end face extended flange with a diameter larger than the diameter of the inner core is formed at the right end of the inner core. When the inner core is inserted into the sleeve cavity, the inner core right end face extended flange matches with the inner core right end face extended flange matching cavity.

[0012] In a further specific embodiment of the present invention, the pair of first K-wire fixation holes and the second K-wire fixation hole form a triangular position distribution relationship.

[0013] In a further specific embodiment of the present invention, the triangle is an equilateral triangle or an isosceles triangle.

[0014] In yet another specific embodiment of the present invention, weight-reducing through holes are provided at intervals along the length direction of the inner core and around the second K-wire fixing hole, and the weight-reducing through holes penetrate the supporting flange.

[0015] In yet another specific embodiment of the present invention, the matching groove of the sleeve locking tongue is an arc-shaped groove.

[0016] The technical effect of the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: since a pair of first Kirschner wire fixing holes are provided at the lower part of the sleeve seat and pass through from the left end to the right end of the sleeve seat, and a second Kirschner wire fixing hole is provided at the center position of the inner core in the length direction, which passes through the inner core and supports the flange, it is helpful to embody three-point stability and ensure the stability of positioning and improve applicability; since only one positioner is needed, there is no need to use a pair of positioners as in the prior art, which can ensure the stability and reliability of positioning and improve the operating efficiency; since a structure in which the operation is performed in the sleeve cavity of the sleeve is adopted, it has the characteristic of large operating space compared with the prior art, which is beneficial to improving the operating efficiency; since the structure of the positioner is simple, the adjustment operation is flexible; since the position of the adjustment arm is adjustable, that is, the position where the top hook is extended is adjustable, the applicability of the positioner can be further improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is an assembly structure diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The structure diagram after assembly; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the rear side view; Figure 4 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a drill rod to be used in the minimally invasive surgery for tibial plateau fractures by following the Kirschner wire to rotate and collapse the fracture site. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to more clearly understand the technical essence and beneficial effects of the present invention, the applicant provides a detailed description in the form of embodiments below. However, the description of the embodiments is not a limitation of the present invention. Any equivalent changes made based on the concept of the present invention that are merely formal and not substantial should be regarded as within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0019] In the following description, all concepts related to directionality or orientation such as up, down, left, right, front, back, bottom, and top wall are based on the current Figure 1 The position state is taken as a reference, and thus it cannot be understood as a special limitation on the technical solution provided by the present invention.

[0020] See also Figures 1 to 3, shows a positioner 1, which is composed of a positioning arm 11 and an adjusting arm 12 that are integrally formed with each other. The upper ends of the positioning arm 11 and the adjusting arm 12 are transitionally connected by an arm connecting stem 13, and an opening 14 as a knee joint cavity is formed between the lower ends facing each other. The lower end of the positioning arm 11 and the side facing the opening 14 are formed with a top hook 111 for supporting the collapsed joint surface of the tibial plateau fracture in the use state; a sleeve seat 2 and a sleeve 3, the sleeve seat 2 has a sleeve accommodating cavity 21 that runs from the left end to the right end, the lower end of the aforementioned adjusting arm 12 is matched with the upper side of the sleeve seat 2 for plugging and unplugging adjustment, and a self-sleeving sleeve 2 is provided at the lower part of the sleeve seat 2. A pair of first Kirschner wire fixing holes 22 are provided, which are connected from the left end to the right end and are used for allowing the Kirschner wire to enter the cortical bone of the bone block when in use. The sleeve 3 is plug-in-pull fit with the aforementioned sleeve accommodating cavity 21 and is locked or unlocked by a sleeve adjustment locking mechanism 23 which is arranged at the bottom of the sleeve seat 2 and communicates with the sleeve accommodating cavity 21; an inner core 4 is shown, which is plug-in-pull fit with the sleeve cavity 31 of the sleeve 3. The left end of the inner core 4 protrudes out of the sleeve cavity 31 and is formed with a supporting flange 41 which abuts against the outer side of the bone skin on the opposite side of the affected part of the bone block when in use. A second Kirschner wire fixing hole 42 is provided at the center position in the longitudinal direction of the inner core 4, which passes through the inner core 4 and the supporting flange 41.

[0021] The top hook 111 has a top hook inclined surface 1111 formed on one side of the top hook 111 facing the opening 14. The top hook inclined surface 1111 is used to abut against the collapsed articular surface of the tibial plateau in a close manner. Adjusting the adjustment arm 12 is beneficial to adjusting the positioning angle and removing the positioner 1 after subsequent positioning.

[0022] An adjustment arm sliding mating arm 24 is extended from the upward side of the aforementioned sleeve seat 2, and an adjustment groove 241 is provided on the front side of the adjustment arm sliding mating arm 24. The aforementioned adjustment arm 12 is plugged and adjusted with the adjustment groove 241, and the adjustment arm 12 and the aforementioned adjustment arm sliding mating arm 24 are locked or unlocked by an adjustment arm locking screw 242 arranged on the rear side of the adjustment arm sliding mating arm 24.

[0023] As a preferred solution, adjustment scale markings may be provided on the left side surface of the adjustment arm 12 along the height or length direction of the adjustment arm 12 so as to better grasp and understand the adjustment degree.

[0024] Please see the Figure 1A sleeve locking tongue hole 211 is provided on the bottom wall of the sleeve accommodating cavity 21 of the aforementioned sleeve seat 2 for communicating the sleeve accommodating cavity 21 with the outside world; sleeve locking tongue matching grooves 32 are provided on the outer wall of one side of the aforementioned sleeve 3 and at intervals along the length direction of the sleeve 3; the aforementioned sleeve adjustment locking mechanism 23 is arranged at the bottom of the sleeve seat 2 at a position corresponding to the aforementioned sleeve locking tongue hole 211 and is locked or unlocked with the aforementioned sleeve locking tongue matching groove 32.

[0025] A sleeve adjusting locking mechanism seat 25 is formed at the bottom of the aforementioned sleeve seat 2 and at a position corresponding to the aforementioned sleeve locking tongue hole 211, and the sleeve adjusting locking mechanism seat 25 has a sleeve adjusting locking mechanism matching cavity 251, and the sleeve adjusting locking mechanism matching cavity 251 is communicated with the aforementioned sleeve locking tongue hole 211 and is also communicated with the outside world; the aforementioned sleeve adjusting locking mechanism 23 includes a sleeve locking tongue 231, a spring 232 and a spring limiting screw 233, the sleeve locking tongue 231, the spring 232 and the spring limiting screw 233 are sequentially arranged in the sleeve adjusting locking mechanism matching cavity 251 from top to bottom, and the sleeve locking tongue 231 corresponds to the aforementioned sleeve locking tongue hole 211 with an upward and downward displacement, the lower end face of the sleeve locking tongue 231 is supported on the upper end of the spring 232, the lower end of the spring 232 is supported on the spring limiting screw 233, and the spring limiting screw 233 is threadedly matched with the inner wall of the sleeve adjusting locking mechanism matching cavity 251.

[0026] When the aforementioned sleeve 3 is rotated to make the aforementioned sleeve locking tongue matching groove 32 rotate away (i.e., "rotate away") from the position corresponding to the aforementioned sleeve locking tongue 231, the sleeve locking tongue 231 is pressed by the wall of the sleeve 3 and the spring 232 is compressed, and the sleeve 3 is in a state of being free from being locked by the sleeve locking tongue 231 and slidingly adjusting left and right in the sleeve accommodating cavity 21; and when the sleeve 3 is rotated to make the sleeve locking tongue matching groove 32 be in the position corresponding to the sleeve locking tongue 231, the spring 232 is released and pushes the sleeve locking tongue 231 upward, so that the sleeve locking tongue 231 protrudes out of the aforementioned sleeve locking tongue hole 211 and cooperates with the aforementioned sleeve locking tongue matching groove 32 to lock the sleeve 3.

[0027] The reason why the sleeve 3 cannot be adjusted to the left or right because the sleeve locking tongue matching groove 32 corresponds to the sleeve locking tongue 231 is because the sleeve locking tongue matching groove 32 is an arc-shaped groove. Therefore, the sleeve locking tongue matching groove 32 has no regulating effect on the rotation of the sleeve 3, but it has a regulating effect on the left and right displacement adjustment of the sleeve 3.

[0028] A sleeve limiting flange 33 with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the sleeve 3 is formed at the right end of the aforementioned sleeve 3, and the left side surface of the sleeve limiting flange 33 is in contact with the right side surface of the aforementioned sleeve seat 2. An inner core right end face extended flange matching cavity 331 is formed on the inner wall of the sleeve limiting flange 33 and around the circumferential direction of the sleeve limiting flange 33, and an inner core right end face extended flange 43 with a diameter larger than the diameter of the inner core 4 is formed at the right end of the aforementioned inner core 4. When the inner core 4 is inserted into the aforementioned sleeve cavity 31, the inner core right end face extended flange 43 matches with the aforementioned inner core right end face extended flange matching cavity 331.

[0029] Depend on Figure 2 As shown, the aforementioned pair of first Kirschner wire fixing holes 22 and the aforementioned second Kirschner wire fixing hole 42 form a triangular position distribution relationship, and the triangle is an equilateral triangle, but can also be an isosceles triangle.

[0030] Weight-reducing through holes 44 are provided in the length direction of the inner core 4 and around the second K-wire fixing hole 42 at intervals. The weight-reducing through holes 44 penetrate the supporting flange 41 .

[0031] See also Figure 4 , the applicant combined Figures 1 to 3 Briefly describe the use of the present invention, Figure 4A drill rod 5 is shown in the figure. Since the drill rod 5 is fixed to a drill tool such as a pistol drill when in use, it can be called a rotary rod. A drill bit 51 is formed at the right end of the drill rod 5. The drill bit 51 has a drill bit cavity 511. A chip discharge hole 5111 (also called a "chip discharge hole" or a "chip guide hole") is opened on the bottom wall of the drill bit cavity 511. A serrated cutting edge 512 is formed on the right end face of the drill bit 51 and around the drill bit 51. Before using the drill rod 5, the present invention is first set at the patient's tibial plateau fracture site (commonly known as the knee), and the specific process is as follows: first make an arthroscopic incision at the knee joint, clean the joint cavity, determine the fracture collapse site, and then extend the top hook 111 of the positioning arm 11 of the positioner 1 into the fracture point along the aforementioned opening, specifically, the top hook inclined surface 111 is pressed against the collapsed fracture block of the joint surface, and because the aforementioned supporting flange 41 is simultaneously pressed against the outer side of the bone cortex at the distal end of the affected part of the bone block, the Kirschner wire insertion path can be defined between the two fulcrums, i.e., the top hook 111 and the supporting flange 41, according to the surgical requirements, and the optimal definition result of the Kirschner wire insertion path can be achieved by adjusting the aforementioned adjusting arm 12, that is, by adjusting the adjusting arm 12 in the adjusting slot 241 and locking it by the adjusting arm locking screw 242 after the adjustment is completed, thereby completing the positioning of the present invention. Due to the above operation, the path of a pair of first Kirschner wire fixing holes 22 and a second Kirschner wire fixing hole 42 (also called "Kirschner wire guide hole") has been accurately positioned. Rotate or loosen the locking screw 242 to remove the locator 1 and free up the knee joint space. Because there is a Kirschner wire at the first Kirschner wire fixing hole 22 for fixation, the positioning device will not change after removing the locator 1. Then, Figure 4 The drill rod 5 shown is installed on the tools mentioned above, such as the pistol drill (electric drill), and the drill bit 51 is inserted from the sleeve cavity 31 to perform windowing, that is, when the pistol drill is powered on, the drill rod 5 clamped therewith is driven to rotate and the serrated edge 512 of the drill bit 51 is used to drill a hole, that is, to open a window. The chips generated during the windowing process are discharged from the chip discharge hole 5111 through the drill cavity 511. After the windowing is completed, a push rod is inserted into the window to lift the fracture line, that is, to lift the collapsed bone block so as to achieve the reduction of the collapsed tibial plateau articular surface, and then bone grafting is performed at the distal end of the fracture to prevent the reduced articular surface from collapsing again. After the above-mentioned actions are completed, the Kirschner wire previously inserted into the first Kirschner wire fixing hole 22 is removed, thereby removing the sleeve seat 2 and the sleeve 3. The final fixation of the fracture is fixed by a hollow nail or a fracture plate.

[0032] In summary, the technical solution provided by the present invention makes up for the shortcomings of the existing technology, successfully completes the invention task, and faithfully realizes the technical effects stated by the applicant in the technical effect column above.

Claims

1. A minimally invasive surgical positioning and reduction device for tibial plateau fractures, characterized in that: The invention comprises a positioner (1), which is composed of a positioning arm (11) and an adjusting arm (12) which are integrally formed with each other. The upper ends of the positioning arm (11) and the adjusting arm (12) are transitionally connected by an arm connecting stem (13), and an opening (14) as a knee joint cavity is formed between the opposite sides of the lower ends. The lower end of the positioning arm (11) and the side facing the opening (14) are formed with a top hook (111) for abutting against the collapsed joint surface of the tibial plateau fracture in a use state; a sleeve seat (2) and a sleeve (3), the sleeve seat (2) having a sleeve accommodating cavity (21) which runs from the left end to the right end, the lower end of the adjusting arm (12) is matched with the upper side of the sleeve seat (2) for plugging and unplugging adjustment, and a self-adjusting sleeve seat is provided at the lower part of the sleeve seat (2). The invention relates to a pair of first Kirschner wire fixing holes (22) which are connected from the left end to the right end of the sleeve (2) and are used for allowing the Kirschner wire to enter the bone cortex of the bone block in the state of use; the sleeve (3) is plug-in-pull matched with the sleeve accommodating cavity (21) and is locked or unlocked by a sleeve adjustment locking mechanism (23) arranged at the bottom of the sleeve seat (2) and communicating with the sleeve accommodating cavity (21); an inner core (4) which is plug-in-pull matched with the sleeve cavity (31) of the sleeve (3); the left end of the inner core (4) protrudes out of the sleeve cavity (31) and is formed with a supporting flange (41) which abuts against the outer side of the bone cortex on the opposite side of the bone block in the state of use; and a second Kirschner wire fixing hole (42) which passes through the inner core (4) and the supporting flange (41) is provided at the center position of the inner core (4) in the longitudinal direction.

2. The minimally invasive surgical positioning and reduction device for tibial plateau fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: A top hook inclined surface (1111) is formed on one side of the top hook (111) facing the opening (14) for abutting against the collapsed articular surface of the tibial plateau fracture in a contact manner when in use.

3. The minimally invasive surgical positioning and reduction device for tibial plateau fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: An adjusting arm sliding fitting arm (24) extends upwardly from the side of the sleeve seat (2), an adjusting slot (241) is provided on the front side of the adjusting arm sliding fitting arm (24), the adjusting arm (12) is plugged in and out of the adjusting slot (241) for adjustment, and an adjusting arm locking screw (242) arranged on the rear side of the adjusting arm sliding fitting arm (24) locks or unlocks the adjusting arm (12) and the adjusting arm sliding fitting arm (24).

4. The minimally invasive surgical positioning and reduction device for tibial plateau fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sleeve locking tongue hole (211) is provided on the bottom wall of the sleeve accommodating cavity (21) of the sleeve seat (2) for communicating the sleeve accommodating cavity (21) with the outside; sleeve locking tongue matching grooves (32) are provided on the outer wall of one side of the sleeve (3) and along the length direction of the sleeve (3) at intervals; the sleeve adjusting locking mechanism (23) is arranged at the bottom of the sleeve seat (2) at a position corresponding to the sleeve locking tongue hole (211) and is locked or unlocked with the sleeve locking tongue matching groove (32).

5. The minimally invasive surgical positioning and reduction device for tibial plateau fracture according to claim 4, characterized in that: A sleeve adjusting locking mechanism seat (25) is formed at the bottom of the sleeve seat (2) and at a position corresponding to the sleeve locking tongue hole (211). The sleeve adjusting locking mechanism seat (25) has a sleeve adjusting locking mechanism matching cavity (251). The sleeve adjusting locking mechanism matching cavity (251) is communicated with the sleeve locking tongue hole (211) and is also communicated with the outside. The sleeve adjusting locking mechanism (23) comprises a sleeve locking tongue (231), a spring (232) and a spring limiting screw (233). The sleeve locking tongue (231), the spring (232) and the spring limiting screw (233) are sequentially arranged in the sleeve adjusting locking mechanism matching cavity (251) from top to bottom. The sleeve locking tongue (231) corresponds to the sleeve locking tongue hole (211) in an up-and-down displacement manner. The lower end surface of the sleeve locking tongue (231) is supported on the upper end of the spring (232). The spring (232) The lower end of the sleeve (3) is supported on a spring limiting screw (233), and the spring limiting screw (233) is threadedly matched with the inner wall of the matching cavity (251) of the sleeve adjustment locking mechanism. When the sleeve (3) is rotated to make the matching groove (32) of the sleeve locking tongue rotate away from the position corresponding to the sleeve locking tongue (231), the sleeve (3) presses the sleeve locking tongue (231) and compresses the spring (232), so that the sleeve (3) is in a state of being free from being locked by the sleeve locking tongue (231) and slides left and right in the sleeve accommodating cavity (21); and when the sleeve (3) is rotated to make the matching groove (32) of the sleeve locking tongue be in a position corresponding to the sleeve locking tongue (231), the spring (232) is released and pushes the sleeve locking tongue (231) upwards and makes the sleeve locking tongue (231) protrude out of the sleeve locking tongue hole (211) and cooperate with the matching groove (32) of the sleeve locking tongue to lock the sleeve (3).

6. The minimally invasive surgical positioning and reduction device for tibial plateau fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sleeve limiting flange (33) having a diameter greater than the outer diameter of the sleeve (3) is formed at the right end of the sleeve (3); the left side surface of the sleeve limiting flange (33) is in contact with the right side surface of the sleeve seat (2); an inner core right end face extension flange matching cavity (331) is formed on the inner wall of the sleeve limiting flange (33) and in the circumferential direction around the sleeve limiting flange (33); an inner core right end face extension flange (43) having a diameter greater than the diameter of the inner core (4) is formed at the right end of the inner core (4); when the inner core (4) is inserted into the sleeve cavity (31), the inner core right end face extension flange (43) matches with the inner core right end face extension flange matching cavity (331).

7. The minimally invasive surgical positioning and reduction device for tibial plateau fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pair of first Kirschner wire fixing holes (22) and the second Kirschner wire fixing hole (42) form a triangular position distribution relationship.

8. The minimally invasive surgical positioning and reduction device for tibial plateau fracture according to claim 7, characterized in that: The triangle is an equilateral triangle or an isosceles triangle.

9. The minimally invasive surgical positioning and reduction device for tibial plateau fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: Weight-reducing through holes (44) are arranged in a length direction of the inner core (4) and around the second Kirschner wire fixing hole (42) at intervals, and the weight-reducing through holes (44) penetrate the supporting flange (41).

10. The minimally invasive surgical positioning and reduction device for tibial plateau fracture according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sleeve locking tongue matching groove (32) is an arc-shaped groove.

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