A water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring buoy

Abstract

This application provides a water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring buoy, relating to the field of carbon dioxide flux monitoring. The buoy includes: a buoy body having a first air inlet, a first air outlet, a first air inlet channel, a first air outlet channel, a second air inlet channel, and a second air outlet channel; a gas-liquid separation module disposed at the bottom of the buoy body and having a second air inlet and a second air outlet; and a gas detection module disposed inside the buoy body. The first air inlet is connected to the first air inlet channel, the first air outlet is connected to the first air outlet channel, the second air inlet is connected to the second air inlet channel, and the second air outlet is connected to the second air outlet channel. The gas detection module is connected to the first air inlet channel and the first air outlet channel, or to the second air inlet channel and the second air outlet channel, respectively. The buoy provided in this application uses the same gas detection module for both atmospheric and water carbon dioxide concentration detection, resulting in higher monitoring accuracy, a more compact structure, and lower energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of carbon dioxide flux monitoring technology, and in particular to a water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring buoy. Background Technology

[0002] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this disclosure and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0003] Monitoring carbon dioxide flux at the water-air interface can reflect the exchange of carbon dioxide, the most important greenhouse gas, between water and the atmosphere, thereby further determining the source and sink conversion processes of carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is an important environmental monitoring task. Currently, there are three main methods for monitoring carbon dioxide flux at the water-air interface: measurement observation, remote sensing observation, and numerical simulation. Among these, measurement observation directly obtains specific flux values ​​through on-site testing, resulting in the most accurate results. For measurement observation, there are two main methods: partial pressure difference method and eddy current method. The partial pressure difference method is suitable for in-situ monitoring in water bodies, while the eddy current method is suitable for land-based monitoring. The partial pressure difference method is based on the liquid film diffusion theory of interfacial mass transfer. It can detect the concentration of gaseous carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and water body and further calculate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Then, combined with correlation coefficients such as the carbon dioxide gas solubility coefficient and the gas exchange rate at the water-air interface, the final carbon dioxide exchange flux at the water-air interface can be calculated. The basic calculation formula is: F CO2 =k×K H CO2 ×ΔpCO2. Where: F CO2 It is the carbon dioxide exchange flux at the water-air interface, measured in mmol / (m²). 2 *d); k is the gas exchange rate at the water-gas interface, that is, the rate at which gas passes through the water-gas interface in molecular form, with units of cm / h; K H CO2 ΔpCO2 is the carbon dioxide solubility coefficient, which is the number of moles of carbon dioxide that can dissolve in one kilogram of water under a certain pressure condition, and its unit is mol / (Kg*atm); ΔpCO2 is the partial pressure difference between water vapor and carbon dioxide, and its unit is Pa.

[0004] In existing water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring devices, separate gas detection modules are required to detect carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere and water. This means that two separate gas detection modules are needed to detect the concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and water, which increases system error, results in poor data consistency, and reduces the accuracy of flux monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring buoy, which aims to solve the technical problem of low accuracy in water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0007] An embodiment of this application provides a water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring buoy, comprising:

[0008] The buoy body has a first air inlet and a first air outlet at the top. The buoy body defines a first air inlet channel and a first air outlet channel. The first air inlet is connected to the first air inlet channel and is used to input atmospheric gas into the first air inlet channel. The first air outlet is connected to the first air outlet channel.

[0009] A gas-liquid separation module is disposed at the bottom of the buoy body and is provided with a second air inlet and a second air outlet. The buoy body also defines a second air inlet channel and a second air outlet channel. The second air inlet is connected to the second air inlet channel and is used to input the gas in the water body separated by the gas-liquid separation module into the second air inlet channel. The second air outlet is connected to the second air outlet channel.

[0010] The gas detection module is located inside the buoy body;

[0011] In the first operating state, the gas detection module is connected to the first air inlet channel and the first air outlet channel respectively, and is used to detect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas input through the first air inlet channel; in the second operating state, the gas detection module is connected to the second air inlet channel and the second air outlet channel respectively, and is used to detect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas input through the second air inlet channel.

[0012] In one embodiment, the gas detection module includes:

[0013] Carbon dioxide sensor;

[0014] The first three-way valve has its first valve port connected to the first air intake channel, its second valve port connected to the second air intake channel, and its third valve port connected to the input port of the carbon dioxide sensor.

[0015] The second three-way valve has its first valve port connected to the first air outlet channel and its second valve port connected to the second air outlet channel.

[0016] An air pump is connected to the output port of the carbon dioxide sensor and the third valve port of the second three-way valve, respectively.

[0017] In one embodiment, the gas detection module further includes:

[0018] A filter, wherein the inlet of the filter is connected to the third valve port of the first three-way valve;

[0019] A humidity sensor, the input port of which is connected to the output port of the filter, and the output port of which is connected to the input port of the carbon dioxide sensor.

[0020] In one embodiment, the gas-liquid separation module includes:

[0021] A connecting component is detachably connected to the bottom of the buoy body. The connecting component is provided with a second air inlet and a second air outlet, as well as a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet.

[0022] A gas-liquid separation membrane is located between the second air inlet and the liquid inlet, and between the second air outlet and the liquid outlet.

[0023] In one embodiment, the connection component includes:

[0024] The first connector is provided with a second air inlet and a second air outlet, and the bottom of the buoy body is provided with a first mounting groove, and the first connector is located in the first mounting groove;

[0025] The second connector is provided with the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet. The bottom of the buoy body is provided with a second mounting groove that communicates with the first mounting groove. The second connector is located in the second mounting groove. The gas-liquid separation membrane is located between the first connector and the second connector.

[0026] A threaded fastener is inserted into the second connector and threadedly connected to the bottom of the second mounting groove.

[0027] In one embodiment, waterproof and breathable materials are provided at the first air inlet and the first air outlet.

[0028] In one embodiment, the buoy body includes:

[0029] A float has a cavity, the gas detection module is disposed in the cavity, the gas-liquid separation module is disposed at the bottom of the float, and the float is provided with a second air inlet channel and a second air outlet channel;

[0030] The connector is provided with the first air inlet and the first air outlet;

[0031] A connecting rod is connected between the connector and the top of the float, and the connector, the connecting rod and the float together define the first air inlet channel and the first air outlet channel.

[0032] In one embodiment, the buoy further includes an anemometer, a temperature sensor, and a salinity sensor. The anemometer is located at the top of the connector, and the temperature sensor and the salinity sensor are located at the bottom of the buoy.

[0033] In one embodiment, the buoy further includes a solar panel and an energy storage battery. The solar panel is disposed on top of the buoy and electrically connected to the energy storage battery, which is disposed inside the cavity and electrically connected to the gas detection module.

[0034] In one embodiment, the buoy body further includes a warning device and an anchor fixing member. The warning device is disposed on the connector head, and the anchor fixing member is connected to the bottom of the buoy and is provided with a fixing interface for threading an anchor chain.

[0035] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0036] This application provides a water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring buoy, including a buoy body, a gas-liquid separation module disposed at the bottom of the buoy body, and a gas detection module disposed inside the buoy body. Since the top of the buoy body is provided with a first air inlet and a first air outlet, the buoy body defines a first air inlet channel and a first air outlet channel. The first air inlet is connected to the first air inlet channel, and the first air outlet is connected to the first air outlet channel. The buoy body also defines a second air inlet channel and a second air outlet channel. The second air inlet of the gas-liquid separation module is connected to the second air inlet channel for inputting gas from the water separated by the gas-liquid separation module into the second air inlet channel. The second air outlet of the gas-liquid separation module is connected to the second air outlet channel. In the first operating state, the gas detection module is connected to both the first inlet and the first outlet channels to form an atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration detection gas path. In this state, the gas detection module detects the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas input through the first inlet channel, i.e., the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In the second operating state, the gas detection module is connected to both the second inlet and the second outlet channels to form a water carbon dioxide concentration detection gas path. In this state, the gas detection module detects the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas input through the second inlet channel, i.e., the concentration of carbon dioxide in the water. This allows both atmospheric and water carbon dioxide concentration detection to use the same gas detection module, thereby increasing data consistency, reducing system errors, and improving the accuracy of carbon dioxide flux monitoring at the water-air interface. Simultaneously, this reduces component redundancy, making the buoy structure more compact and reducing overall energy consumption.

[0037] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This application shows a schematic diagram of the buoy's structure from one perspective in some embodiments;

[0040] Figure 2 This application shows a schematic diagram of the buoy structure from another perspective in some embodiments;

[0041] Figure 3 This illustration shows another perspective structural diagram of the buoy in some embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 4 It shows Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point AA;

[0043] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the overall air path of the buoy is shown in some embodiments of this application;

[0044] Figure 6 The following is a schematic diagram of the gas path of the gas detection module in some embodiments of this application;

[0045] Figure 7 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the float, gas detection module, and gas-liquid separation module in some embodiments of this application.

[0046] Description of main component symbols:

[0047] 100-Buoy; 110-Buoy body; 111-Float; 1111-Cavity; 1112-Second air inlet channel; 1113-Second air outlet channel; 1114-First mounting slot; 1115-Second mounting slot; 112-Connector; 1121-First air inlet; 1122-First air outlet; 1123-Waterproof and breathable material; 113-Connecting rod; 1131-First air inlet channel; 1132-First air outlet channel; 114-Warning device; 115-Anchor fastener; 1151-Fixing interface; 120-Gas-liquid separation module; 121-Connecting assembly; 1 211-First connector; 12111-Second air inlet; 12112-Second air outlet; 1212-Second connector; 12121-Liquid inlet; 12122-Liquid outlet; 1213-Threaded fastener; 122-Gas-liquid separation membrane; 130-Gas detection module; 131-Carbon dioxide sensor; 132-First three-way valve; 133-Second three-way valve; 134-Air pump; 135-Filter; 136-Humidity sensor; 141-Anemometer; 143-Temperature sensor; 144-Salinity sensor; 145-Solar panel; 146-Energy storage battery. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0049] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0050] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0051] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0052] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0053] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of this application provides a water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring buoy 100, which relates to the field of carbon dioxide flux monitoring technology. It is mainly used to monitor the carbon dioxide flux at the water-air interface (water-air interface carbon dioxide flux). The water body referred to here includes, but is not limited to, oceans, rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs, etc., and no specific limitation is made on the type of water body.

[0054] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the buoy 100 provided in this embodiment includes: buoy body 110, gas-liquid separation module 120 and gas detection module 130.

[0055] The buoy body 110 has a first air inlet 1121 and a first air outlet 1122 at its top. The buoy body 110 defines a first air intake channel 1131 and a first air outlet channel 1132. The first air inlet 1121 is connected to the first air intake channel 1131 and is used to input atmospheric gas into the first air intake channel 1131. The second air outlet 12112 is connected to the second air outlet channel 1113. A gas-liquid separation module 120 is located at the bottom of the buoy body 110 and has a second air inlet 12111 and a second air outlet 12112. The buoy body 110 also defines a second air intake channel 1112 and a second air outlet channel 1113. The second air inlet 12111 is connected to the second air intake channel 1112 and is used to input gas from the water separated by the gas-liquid separation module 120 into the second air intake channel 1112. The second air outlet 12112 is connected to the second air outlet channel 1113. The gas detection module 130 is located inside the buoy body 110.

[0056] In the first operating state, the gas detection module 130 is connected to the first intake channel 1131 and the first exhaust channel 1132 respectively, and is used to detect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas input through the first intake channel 1131; in the second operating state, the gas detection module 130 is connected to the second intake channel 1112 and the second exhaust channel 1113 respectively, and is used to detect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas input through the second intake channel 1112.

[0057] It should be noted that when using the buoy 100 provided in this embodiment, the buoy 100 is placed in the water. At this time, the buoy 100 will float on the water surface, with the bottom of the buoy 100 below the water surface and the top of the buoy 100 above the water surface, that is, in the atmosphere above the water surface.

[0058] It is understood that the buoy 100 provided in this embodiment has a first air inlet 1121 and a first air outlet 1122 at the top of the buoy body 110. The buoy body 110 defines a first air inlet channel 1131 and a first air outlet channel 1132. The first air inlet 1121 is connected to the first air inlet channel 1131, and the first air outlet 1122 is connected to the first air outlet channel 1132. The buoy body 110 also defines a second air inlet channel 1112 and a second air outlet channel 1113. The second air inlet 12111 of the gas-liquid separation module 120 is connected to the second air inlet channel 1112 and is used to input the gas in the water separated by the gas-liquid separation module 120 into the second air inlet channel 1112. The second air outlet 12112 of the gas-liquid separation module 120 is connected to the second air outlet channel 1113.

[0059] In the first operating state, the gas detection module 130 is connected to the first air intake channel 1131 and the first air outlet channel 1132 to form an atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration detection gas path. At this time, the gas detection module 130 is used to detect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas input through the first air intake channel 1131, that is, to detect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In the second operating state, the gas detection module 130 is connected to the second air intake channel 1112 and the second air outlet channel 1113 to form a water carbon dioxide concentration detection gas path. At this time, the gas detection module 130 is used to detect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas input through the second air intake channel 1112, that is, to detect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the water.

[0060] This allows both atmospheric and water carbon dioxide concentration detection to share the same gas detection module 130, thereby increasing data consistency, reducing system errors, and improving the accuracy of carbon dioxide flux monitoring at the water-air interface. Simultaneously, this also reduces component redundancy, making the buoy 100 more compact and resulting in lower overall energy consumption.

[0061] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in one embodiment, the gas detection module 130 includes: a carbon dioxide sensor 131, a first three-way valve 132, a second three-way valve 133, and a gas pump 134. The first port of the first three-way valve 132 is connected to a first air inlet channel 1131, the second port of the first three-way valve 132 is connected to a second air inlet channel 1112, and the third port of the first three-way valve 132 is connected to the input port of the carbon dioxide sensor 131. The first port of the second three-way valve 133 is connected to a first air outlet channel 1132, and the second port of the second three-way valve 133 is connected to a second air outlet channel 1113. The gas pump 134 is connected to the output port of the carbon dioxide sensor 131 and the third port of the second three-way valve 133, respectively.

[0062] It should be noted that the carbon dioxide sensor 131 uses optical principles to detect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas, specifically by determining the concentration of carbon dioxide through the characteristic absorption of light in a certain wavelength band by the carbon dioxide in the gas.

[0063] Understandably, in the first working state, the first three-way valve 132 switches to the state where the first valve port is open, the second valve port is closed, and the third valve port is open, and the second three-way valve 133 switches to the state where the first valve port is open, the second valve port is closed, and the third valve port is open. At this time, the atmosphere, the first air inlet 1121, the first air inlet channel 1131, the carbon dioxide sensor 131, the first air outlet channel 1132, and the first air outlet 1122 form an atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration detection gas path. Driven by the air pump 134, the gas in the atmosphere is drawn into the carbon dioxide sensor 131, enabling the carbon dioxide sensor 131 to detect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In the second working state, the first three-way valve 132 switches to the state where the first valve port is closed, the second valve port is open, and the third valve port is open, and the second three-way valve 133 switches to the state where the first valve port is closed, the second valve port is open, and the third valve port is open. At this time, the second air inlet 12111, the second air inlet channel 1112, the carbon dioxide sensor 131, the second air outlet channel 1113, and the second air outlet 12112 form a gas path for detecting carbon dioxide concentration in water. The gas-liquid separation module 120 separates the water input into it into gas and liquid to obtain gas in the water. Driven by the air pump 134, the gas is drawn into the carbon dioxide sensor 131, enabling the carbon dioxide sensor 131 to detect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the water.

[0064] It should be noted that when there are no major sources of atmospheric emissions around the water body, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere varies little within a daily cycle, so high-frequency observation is not required. However, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the water body fluctuates significantly within a daily cycle, thus requiring high-frequency observation. Therefore, by using the first three-way valve 132 and the second three-way valve 133 to switch between atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration detection and water carbon dioxide concentration detection, the energy consumption of buoy 100 can be further reduced.

[0065] like Figure 5 As shown, the gas detection module 130 further includes a filter 135 and a humidity sensor 136. The input port of the filter 135 is connected to the third valve port of the first three-way valve 132, the input port of the humidity sensor 136 is connected to the output port of the filter 135, and the output port of the humidity sensor 136 is connected to the input port of the carbon dioxide sensor 131.

[0066] Understandably, filter 135 is a polymer membrane that can intercept water vapor and other small particles, serving as a filter and secondary protection to reduce the impact of water vapor on the gas path and carbon dioxide sensor 131, and to prevent liquid water from entering when the gas-liquid separation module 120 malfunctions. Simultaneously, since changes in humidity in the gas being measured affect the detection results of carbon dioxide sensor 131, a humidity sensor 136 is used to detect the humidity of the gas, facilitating subsequent correction of the carbon dioxide partial pressure calculation results.

[0067] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the gas-liquid separation module 120 includes a connecting component 121 and a gas-liquid separation membrane 122. The connecting component 121 is detachably connected to the bottom of the buoy body 110. The connecting component 121 is provided with a second air inlet 12111 and a second air outlet 12112, and also has a liquid inlet 12121 and a liquid outlet 12122. The gas-liquid separation membrane 122 is located between the second air inlet 12111 and the liquid inlet 12121, and between the second air outlet 12112 and the liquid outlet 12122.

[0068] It is understandable that the gas-liquid separation membrane 122 serves to separate the gas and liquid. Water entering through the inlet 12121 is degassed by the gas-liquid separation membrane 122 and discharged from the outlet 12122. The degassed gas enters the carbon dioxide sensor 131 through the second inlet channel 1112 for carbon dioxide concentration detection. The detected gas is discharged from the second outlet 12112 through the second outlet channel 1113.

[0069] like Figure 5 and Figure 7As shown, the connecting assembly 121 further includes a first connector 1211, a second connector 1212, and a threaded fastener 1213. The first connector 1211 is provided with a second air inlet 12111 and a second air outlet 12112. The bottom of the buoy body 110 is provided with a first mounting groove 1114, and the first connector 1211 is located within the first mounting groove 1114. The second connector 1212 is provided with a liquid inlet 12121 and a liquid outlet 12122. The bottom of the buoy body 110 is provided with a second mounting groove 1115 communicating with the first mounting groove 1114, and the second connector 1212 is located within the second mounting groove 1115. The gas-liquid separation membrane 122 is located between the first connector 1211 and the second connector 1212. The threaded fastener 1213 passes through the second connector 1212 and is threadedly connected to the bottom of the second mounting groove 1115. This achieves a detachable connection between the gas-liquid separation module 120 and the buoy body 110, allowing for the installation, disassembly, and maintenance of the gas-liquid separation module 120 without disassembling internal components of the buoy body 110, thus reducing the possibility of water leakage into the buoy body 110. Simultaneously, since the gas-liquid separation module 120 is in direct contact with the water, it is prone to absorbing impurities from the water, potentially causing damage. This makes the gas-liquid separation module 120 the only consumable item on the entire buoy 100. By detachably connecting the gas-liquid separation module 120 to the bottom of the buoy body 110, the installation, disassembly, and maintenance processes are simplified.

[0070] Furthermore, the stepped structure formed by the interconnection of the first mounting groove 1114 and the second mounting groove 1115 can effectively limit the connection component 121, thereby giving the gas-liquid separation module 120 greater stability on the buoy body 110.

[0071] For example, the threaded fastener 1213 can be a screw, bolt, bolt or other element with a thread, and no specific limitation is made on the type of threaded fastener 1213.

[0072] like Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment, waterproof and breathable material 1123 is provided at the first air inlet 1121 and the first air outlet 1122.

[0073] It is understandable that, since the first air inlet 1121 and the first air outlet 1122 are connected to the outside atmosphere, when there is heavy rainfall or large waves on the water surface, water can easily be washed into the first air inlet 1121 and the first air outlet 1122 and enter the atmospheric carbon dioxide detection gas path, causing damage. By setting waterproof and breathable material 1123 at the first air inlet 1121 and the first air outlet 1122, water cannot enter the atmospheric carbon dioxide detection gas path, while not obstructing the normal inflow and outflow of gas.

[0074] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the buoy body 110 includes a float 111, a connector 112, and a connecting rod 113. The float 111 has a cavity 1111, a gas detection module 130 is disposed within the cavity 1111, a gas-liquid separation module 120 is disposed at the bottom of the float 111, and a second air inlet channel 1112 and a second air outlet channel 1113 are provided on the float 111. The connector 112 is provided with a first air inlet 1121 and a first air outlet 1122, and the connecting rod 113 connects the connector 112 and the top of the float 111. The connector 112, the connecting rod 113, and the float 111 together define the first air inlet channel 1131 and the first air outlet channel 1132.

[0075] Understandably, the float 111, with its cavity 1111, provides buoyancy, allowing the buoy 100 to float on the water. The connecting rod 113 raises the height of the connector 112, placing the first air inlet 1121 and the first air outlet 1122 in the atmosphere, facilitating the intake of atmospheric gas for detecting the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

[0076] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the buoy 100 further includes an anemometer 141, a temperature sensor 143, and a salinity sensor 144. The anemometer 141 is located at the top of the connector 112, and the temperature sensor 143 and the salinity sensor 144 are located at the bottom of the float 111.

[0077] Understandably, monitoring carbon dioxide flux at the water-air interface using the partial pressure difference method requires not only detecting the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the water, but also simultaneously measuring data such as water temperature, salinity, and wind speed at a certain height above the water surface. An anemometer 141 is installed at the top of connector 112 to facilitate the detection of wind speed at a certain height above the water surface; a temperature sensor 143 is installed at the bottom of float 111 to facilitate the detection of water temperature; and a salinity sensor 144 is installed at the bottom of float 111 to facilitate the detection of water salinity. This allows for the subsequent calculation of carbon dioxide flux at the water-air interface using these parameters.

[0078] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the buoy 100 further includes a solar panel 145 and an energy storage battery 146. The solar panel 145 is disposed on the top of the float 111 and is electrically connected to the energy storage battery 146. The energy storage battery 146 is disposed inside the cavity 1111 and is electrically connected to the gas detection module 130.

[0079] Understandably, by installing a solar panel 145 on the top of the buoy 111, solar energy can be converted into electrical energy and stored in an energy storage battery 146, which can then power the gas detection module 130. Similarly, when other electrical devices (such as anemometer 141, temperature sensor 143, salinity sensor 144, and warning device 114) are installed in the buoy 100, they are also electrically connected to these devices via the energy storage battery 146 for power supply.

[0080] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the buoy body 110 further includes a warning device 114 and an anchor fastener 115. The warning device 114 is disposed on the connector 112, and the anchor fastener 115 is connected to the bottom of the buoy 111 and is provided with a fixing interface 1151 for threading the anchor chain.

[0081] Understandably, the warning device 114 is designed to alert passing vessels to take evasive action at night. The mooring fastener 115 with a fixed interface 1151 facilitates the installation of anchor chains, thereby ensuring that the buoy 100 remains stably suspended in the water.

[0082] For example, the alarm 114 may be an alarm light or an audible alarm 114, and no specific limitation is made on the type of alarm 114 here.

[0083] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0084] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A buoy for monitoring carbon dioxide flux at the water-air interface, characterized in that, include: The buoy body (110) has a first air inlet (1121) and a first air outlet (1122) at its top. The buoy body (110) defines a first air inlet channel (1131) and a first air outlet channel (1132). The first air inlet (1121) is connected to the first air inlet channel (1131) and is used to input atmospheric gas into the first air inlet channel (1131). The first air outlet (1122) is connected to the first air outlet channel (1132). A gas-liquid separation module (120) is disposed at the bottom of the buoy body (110) and is provided with a second air inlet (12111) and a second air outlet (12112). The buoy body (110) also defines a second air inlet channel (1112) and a second air outlet channel (1113). The second air inlet (12111) is connected to the second air inlet channel (1112) and is used to input the gas in the water separated by the gas-liquid separation module (120) into the second air inlet channel (1112). The second air outlet (12112) is connected to the second air outlet channel (1113). A gas detection module (130) is disposed inside the buoy body (110). The gas detection module (130) includes a carbon dioxide sensor (131), a first three-way valve (132), and a second three-way valve (133). The first valve port of the first three-way valve (132) is connected to the first air inlet channel (1131), the second valve port of the first three-way valve (132) is connected to the second air inlet channel (1112), the third valve port of the first three-way valve (132) is connected to the input port of the carbon dioxide sensor (131), the first valve port of the second three-way valve (133) is connected to the first air outlet channel (1132), and the second valve port of the second three-way valve (133) is connected to the second air outlet channel (1113). In the first working state, the gas detection module (130) is connected to the first air intake channel (1131) and the first air outlet channel (1132) respectively, and is used to detect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas input by the first air intake channel (1131); in the second working state, the gas detection module (130) is connected to the second air intake channel (1112) and the second air outlet channel (1113) respectively, and is used to detect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the gas input by the second air intake channel (1112).

2. The water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas detection module (130) also includes: The air pump (134) is connected to the output port of the carbon dioxide sensor (131) and the third valve port of the second three-way valve (133), respectively.

3. The water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring buoy according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gas detection module (130) also includes: The filter (135) has its inlet connected to the third valve port of the first three-way valve (132); A humidity sensor (136) is provided, the input port of which is connected to the output port of the filter (135), and the output port of the humidity sensor (136) is connected to the input port of the carbon dioxide sensor (131).

4. The water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring buoy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas-liquid separation module (120) includes: The connecting assembly (121) is detachably connected to the bottom of the buoy body (110). The connecting assembly (121) is provided with a second air inlet (12111) and a second air outlet (12112), and is also provided with a liquid inlet (12121) and a liquid outlet (12122). A gas-liquid separation membrane (122) is located between the second air inlet (12111) and the liquid inlet (12121) and between the second air outlet (12112) and the liquid outlet (12122).

5. The water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring buoy according to claim 4, characterized in that, The connection component (121) includes: The first connector (1211) is provided with a second air inlet (12111) and a second air outlet (12112). The bottom of the buoy body (110) is provided with a first mounting groove (1114), and the first connector (1211) is located in the first mounting groove (1114). The second connector (1212) is provided with the liquid inlet (12121) and the liquid outlet (12122). The bottom of the buoy body (110) is provided with a second mounting groove (1115) that communicates with the first mounting groove (1114). The second connector (1212) is located in the second mounting groove (1115). The gas-liquid separation membrane (122) is located between the first connector (1211) and the second connector (1212). A threaded fastener (1213) is inserted into the second connector (1212) and threadedly connected to the bottom of the second mounting groove (1115).

6. The water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring buoy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Waterproof and breathable material (1123) is provided at the first air inlet (1121) and the first air outlet (1122).

7. The water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring buoy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The buoy body (110) includes: The float (111) has a cavity (1111), the gas detection module (130) is disposed in the cavity (1111), the gas-liquid separation module (120) is disposed at the bottom of the float (111), and the float (111) is provided with a second air inlet channel (1112) and a second air outlet channel (1113). The connector (112) is provided with the first air inlet (1121) and the first air outlet (1122). A connecting rod (113) is connected between the top of the connector (112) and the float (111), the connector (112), the connecting rod (113) and the float (111) together defining the first air intake channel (1131) and the first air outlet channel (1132).

8. The water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring buoy according to claim 7, characterized in that, The buoy also includes an anemometer (141), a temperature sensor (143), and a salinity sensor (144). The anemometer (141) is located on the top of the connector (112), and the temperature sensor (143) and the salinity sensor (144) are located on the bottom of the buoy (111).

9. The water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring buoy according to claim 7, characterized in that, The buoy also includes a solar panel (145) and an energy storage battery (146). The solar panel (145) is disposed on the top of the buoy (111) and is electrically connected to the energy storage battery (146). The energy storage battery (146) is disposed inside the cavity (1111) and is electrically connected to the gas detection module (130).

10. The water-air interface carbon dioxide flux monitoring buoy according to claim 7, characterized in that, The buoy body (110) also includes a warning device (114) and an anchor fastener (115). The warning device (114) is disposed on the connector (112), and the anchor fastener (115) is connected to the bottom of the buoy (111) and is provided with a fixing interface (1151) for threading an anchor chain.

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